democracy - 10th class civics notes

7/21/2019 Democracy - 10th Class Civics Notes

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D e m o c r a c y C i v i c s , 1 0 t h C l a s sP a g e | 1

Democracy1. Define Democracy?

Ans. Democracy consists of two words, `Demo’ means `People’ and `Cracy’ means

`Power’. Thus a democratic government is that government in which the citizens have

some kind of control over decision making. democratic government must fulfill its

responsi!ilities towards the citizens. democratic government is a government of the

people, !y the people and for the people. "t is a system of governing where government

is !ased on li!erty, e#uality and welfare of all.

2. Trace the Origin of Modern Democracy?

Ans. $odern Democracy has to !e open and universal. "ts origin !egins taking shape

in %urope during &'th and &(th centuries. %ngland was the first country which took steps

towards ruled. )hen &*(( +lomous evolution. "n %ngland !roke, it decided once for

all that the kings world rule %ngland !ut through the principle of rule. Then !egan era of

reforming the organs of the government !y granting incremental franchise gradually to

all the people. -y the !eginning of the / th century, 0niversal dult 1ranchise was

adopted in %ngland. 2ow, with the government !y the people, there was the

government of the people. s in )estern %uropean Countries, welfare3ism !ecame the

creed of the state4 democracy came to !e descri!ed as the government for the people.

-esides this, 1rench evolution helped in ending feudalism for good and

esta!lished democracy in 1rance. The fathers of revolution declared the fundamental

rights of man and made e#uality, li!erty and fraternity as the !asis of governments in

democratic set up.

3. Describe the types of Democracy?

Ans. 0sually democracy is of two types5

a) Direct Democracy andb) "ndirect Democracy or epresentative Democracy.

Direct Democracy: Direct Democracy is one in which there is simply no difference

between the people and the government. The government and the people are the

same. In such a type of democracy all the citizens take direct part in the functioning of

the government. They make laws themselves and also decide the policy of government.

They appoint the executive officers, hold them and also decide the policy of

government. They appoint the executive officers, hold them responsible and even

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remove them. This democracy is possible only in small states. At presents direct

democracy due to large size and population.

Indirect Democracy: Indirect democracy is anther type of democracy in which people

rule themselves is through their representatives that is why that indirect democracy is

called representatives democracy in this type of democracy people elect theirrepresentatives periodically. These representatives make laws and rule on behalf of the

people. lections play a very vital role indirect democracy. !ostly of the modern

countries and we also have indirect type of democracy.

4 . Describe briefy the hindrances that come in the !ay of democracy in India?

Ans. The hindrances that come in the way of democracy in "ndia can !e descri!e as

under5

1. Iiteracy: "lliteracy is a !ig snag in the democratic process. "lliteracy not only

spoils chances of getting 6o!s, it restricts man`s knowledge of world around him.

Thus an illiterate man can not !e e7pected to understand national pro!lem and

take an active part in political matters. n illiterate man sometimes does not do

what is good for him, !ut what others want him to do. 8o, he cant misled !y

others easily during elections.2. "o#erty: )e must remem!er poverty, is not the #uestion of one man`s lifted

poverty is linked always to wealth. The poor form a vast ma6ority of our society.

Poverty speaks of economic ine#uality. 9!viously, economic ine#uality distorts

the working of democracy. 1or e7ample, $oneylenders in the village can pass

pressure on their de!tors among the poor pressure on their de!tors among the

poor peasant’s employers on their employees etc during the elections and make

them to vote for a particular candidate.3. $ing%ism: :inguism hampers democracy if people vote according to the !asis of

language. Democracy would fail in its o!6ect. :anguage does not take us ahead

much and restrict our choice only to those who speak the language we speak.&. 'asteism: Casteism is the tendency to act in policies for reasons of caste.

People who vote for a particular candidate simply !ecause he !elongs to the

same caste as theirs. 9!viously this distorts the functioning of democracy. The

whole purpose of democracy is defeated if people vote for a particular candidate

simply !ecause he !elongs to their caste.

&. Define "%bic opinion. (o! is p%bic opinion formed and epired?

Ans. Pu!lic 9pinion is the opinion of the people pertaining to issue of pu!lic

importance. "t is, this, the reaction of the people towards the activities of the

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D e m o c r a c y C i v i c s , 1 0 t h C l a s sP a g e | #

government. 8urely, the pu!lic opinion has to !e alert and intelligent and informed.

This helps to avert a situation in which a government could disregard the rights of

the people.

Pu!lic 9pinion is not only formed, it has to !e e7pressed. The press, for

instance, does not only shape pu!lic opinion. "t is also a forum where pu!lic opinionis reflected. 2ewspapers carry the world`s views, the country`s news and the social

and political pro!lems close to us. -y reading newspapers and listening to radio and

viewing television, people form opinion on pu!lic matter.

The ;ournalists, individual mem!ers and party leaders use the press for

e7pressing pu!lic opinion. long with press, the cinema and !roadcast system and

Television work as agencies of e7pressing pu!lic opinion.

-esides these, the political parties and legislature also play an important

role in forming and e7pressing the pu!lic opinion.

*. +hat did democracy mean in ancient societies?

Ans. Democracy, in ancient societies and particular in ancient thens meant that the

slaves and common people had no rights that their masters had a good hand in

running the government and they en6oyed all the political rights. The ancient

democracy was !ased in political ine#uality i.e. having !elief in ine#uality of many

people in ancient societies were either masters or slaves.

,. +hat does democracy mean no!?

Ans. "n modern days democracy means political e#uality. This means that all

citizens have the right to participate in the composition, e7ecution and

administration. Thus democracy now means government of the people !y the people

and for the people. "t is system where government is !ased on li!erty, e#uality and

for the welfare of all.

-. +hat is meant by principe of poitica e%aity?

Ans. Principle of political e#uality means that all citizens are e#ual in the en6oyment

of political rights.

"r we can also say that, "ne man, "ne vote, is also called the principle of political

e#uality.

Do It /o%rsef:

+hen and +here 0orio%s re#o%tion too pace?

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D e m o c r a c y C i v i c s , 1 0 t h C l a s sP a g e | $

Ans. &*(( in %ngland.

rench e#o%tion occ%rred in ?

Ans. &'(<

4ame the co%ntry !here first democratic go#ernment !as set %p?

Ans. %ngland.

Indirect Democracy is aso caed?

Ans. epresentative Democracy.

Define Acco%ntabiity?

Ans. ccounta!ility means the power of the people to ask the government. )hy it

had done, what it id, and it they are not satisfied, with the way the government hasfunctioned, they must thrown it out of office in the ne7t election.

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democracy - 10th class civics notes

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