deliberation in planning development in the village of ... · in musrenbangdes 2014 there are 77...

Deliberation in Planning Developmentin the Village of Renak Dungun Subdistrict Pulau

Merbau Regency Kepulauan Meranti Year 2014-2015

Muhammad RafiUniversity of RiauPekanbaru, Riau

[email protected]

Baskoro WicaksonoUniversity of RiauPekanbaru. Riau

[email protected]

IshakUniversity of Riau

Pekanbaru, Riau

Abstract- The research was motivated by the villagedevelopment planning which is a deliberative democraticprocesses and institutions in the village. But in actual experiencevarious problems, such as attendance musrenbangdes dominatedby the village government, and the proposed development ofcommunities in rural development planning meetings were notaccommodated and realized according to the wishes andexpectations of society. This study aims to determine thedeliberation of interest in rural development planning anddeliberation impact on rural development. The methodused inthis research is method descriptive approach to qualitativeresearch. Type of research data is primary data and secondarydata. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews anddocumentation. Technical analysis of the data used is descriptivequalitative data analysis. The results of the research show that thedeliberation of interest in rural development planning is still notgoing well. It can be seen from some of the data obtained from theVillage, District, as wellas the field data collected. The rightsolution to overcome these problems is the village governmentshould encourage andincrease community involvement intheprocess of deliberation on interesti n the development plan ofthe village, and the village government should cooperate withexisting institutionsin villages to createa better deliberations.

Keywords: deliberation, planning, and village development.

I. INTRODUCTION

The village plays an important role in nationaldevelopment. Not only because most of the people of Indonesiareside in the village, but the village contributes greatly increating national stability.

According to Law No. 6 of 2014, Article 78 paragraph1, Village development aims to improve the welfare of ruralcommunities and the quality of human life and povertyalleviation through the fulfillment of basic needs, thedevelopment of village facilities and infrastructure, thedevelopment of local economic potential, and the utilization ofnatural resources and environment sustainably.

The Welfare of Villagers will occur if the Developmentcan be done well. The success of the development is not escapedfrom the support and participation of the community, in thiscase it can be said that society has the most important positionin the development process. For example in the provision ofdevelopment proposals, development planning, developmentcare, custody of development results and developmentevaluation.

In the Village Ministerial Regulation No. 2 of 2015,Article 23 Paragraph 1, Concerning the Code of Conduct andthe Decision Making Mechanism of Village Deliberations, it ismentioned that the Village Deliberations are open to the publicand are not confidential, every citizen of the Village is entitledto attend the Village Deliberative Meeting.

Village Deliberations are held with the intention tofacilitate the involvement of various parties through the processof dialogue, discussing and formulating various problems facedrelated to needs, future and village development plans.

Through the "deliberative public space", in simplerlanguage it is called "citizens' musyawarah" or it can be built toactivate individuals as citizens to communicate and dialogue ina public space, whose results can influence public decision-making at the level of the political system.As an institution and process of deliberative democracy in thevillage, the village development planning consultation(musrenbangdes) should be able to realize the proposal from thecommunity. However, in reality the current proposal from thecommunity in the deliberations of village developmentplanning at the time musrenbangdescan not be accommodatedand realized according to the wishes and expectations of thecommunity. Based on the writer's observation in the field, DesaDungun Renak has interesting problems to be studied in theDeliberations (Musrenbangdes).

290 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.

International Conference on Democracy, Accountability and Governance (ICODAG 2017)Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 163

In the 2014 Musrenbangdes, there were 38 people fromover 70 people who were invited. While the attendance inMusrenbangdes in the next year which is 2015 only inattendance 30 people from 80 people who were invited. Thismeans that community involvement in musrenbangdesdecreases.

The following table lists the attendance of the communityin musrenbangdes in 2014-2015.

Table 1 List of Community Present in the village ofMusrenbangdes Renak Dungun Year 2014-2015

No Year 2014 Year 2015Classification Amount Classification Amount

1. DistrictGovernment

2 DistrictGovernment

-

2. Villagegovernment

11 Villagegovernment

9

3. VillageInstitution

18 VillageInstitution

12

4. Public figure 3 Public figure 25. Youth

Leader1 Youth

Leader1

6. Religiousleaders

1 Religiousleaders

1

7. Women'sGroups

2 Women'sGroups

5

Amount 38 Amount 30Source: Village Office Renak Dungun

In the explanation above table can be seen the number ofattendees in 2014 as many as 38 people from 80 people invited,while in 2015 that attended as many as 30 people from 80people invited, then if calculated the percentage of attendancein 2014 that present approximately 48 %, While in 2015 thatpresent approximately 38%. One of the problems seen in thistable is that the attendance of musrenbangdes participants isdominated by the village government and village institutions.But the lack of involvement of the elements of society that havethe interests of actual development.

In addition, Renak Dungun Village also has otherproblems that result from musrenbangdes that can notaccommodate the wishes and expectations of the community.In musrenbangdes 2014 there are 77 proposals of thecommunity generated, but only 4 proposed development thatcan be realized in 2015. as well as in musrenbangdes 2015 thereare 82 proposals coming in.

However, only 4 development proposals can be realizedby 2016. As shown in the following table :

Table 2 Proposed Community Development in the village ofMusrenbangdes Renak Dungun Year 2014-2015

No Year 2014 Year 2015

Proposed Field Amount

Proposed Field Amount

1 Physical 13 Physical 112 Transportation 8 Transportation 93 Socio-cultural 19 Socio-cultural 184 Health 4 Health 95 Community

Economics19 Community

Economics21

6 Housing andsettlements

2 Housing andsettlements

2

7 Youth andSports

2 Youth and Sports 2

8 Social 2 Social 29 Culture 4 Culture 410 Place of

worship4 Place of worship 4

Amount 77 Amount 82

Source: Village Office Renak Dungun

In the explanation above table can be seen there are 77proposals of development of the community who entered theprocess of musrenbangdes 2014, while the next year there are82 proposals of development from the community who enteredthe process musrenbangdes2015.

The next phenomenon that occurs is the number ofproposed development that is generated, not accompanied by anincrease in the realization of village development. Here is therealization of the development of renak dungun village.

Table 3 Realization Village Development of RenakDungunYear 2015

No Year 2015Realization Budget

1. DevelopmentPuskesdes

Rp. 245.290.000

2. SemenisationJL. Duata

Rp. 55.854.500

3. SemenisationJL. Kandes

Rp. 67.340.000

4. SemenisationJL.PulauBesar

Rp.1,900.754.000

Total Rp.2.269.229.500Source: Village Office Renak Dungun

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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 163

In the explanation above table can be seen therealization of the development of the village renakdungun in2015 if calculated percentage of realization of villagedevelopment approximately About 5%.

Table 4 Realization Village Development of RenakDungunYear 2016

No Year 2016Realization Budget

1. SemenisationJl. P. kamal

Rp. 450.000.000

2. SemenisationJl. Pinang

Rp. 250.000.000

3. SemenisationJl. Sumbur

Rp. 300.000.000

4. SemenisationJl. Sekunyit

Rp. 50.000.000

Total Rp. 1.050.000.000Source: Village Office Renak Dungun

In 2016 the percentage of realization of villagedevelopment is also the same that is approximately 5%. Bylooking at it, it can be said that the deliberation of the villagedevelopment has not been going well, it means that theproposed development of the community in the villagemusrenbangdesrenakdunguncan not be accommodatedaccording to the wishes and expectations of the community.

Based on the phenomena contained above, the authorsare interested in conducting research by title :Deliberation InPlanning Development In The Village Of Renak DungunSubdistrict Pulau Merbau Regency Kepulauan Meranti Year2014-2015.

A. Formulation of the problem

Based on the phenomenon that has beenmentioned, then the main issues in this study are: CommunityAttendance in Musrenbangdes decreased and Proposedcommunity on Musrenbangdes not Accommodated. From themain problem can be described specific questions as follows:

How does the deliberation process of interest in the planning ofvillage development Renak Dungun Subdistrict Pulau MerbauRegency Kepulauan meranti in year 2014-2015 ?

B. Theoretical framework

a. Theory of Village Development Planning

Village development planning is intended to overcomethe problems faced through efforts to develop the potential thatis owned, in order to realize the interests of local communitygroups. Village development planning has actually become aroutine agenda that must be implemented by the VillageGovernment every tahunnya.Secara goal of the village planningaccording to Wahjudin Sumpeno is as The following:

1. Improving community institutional capacity atvillage level in formulating participatorydevelopment planning.

2. Increasing the involvement of all elements ofsociety in providing meaning in developmentplanning.

3. Improve development transparency andaccountability.

4. Generate cross-sectoral and institutionalalignment within the same framework.

Musrenbangdes has two main approaches, namelyactivities to discuss ceiling-aligned programs to be funded bythe Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) anddetermine the activities financed through sectoral and financialaid mechanisme.

b. Theory of Deliberation

According to F.Budi Hardiman in his bookDeliberative Democracy, Deliberative Democratic Theory is aview of how to enable individuals in society as citizens tocommunicate, so that communication at the citizen level affectspublic decision-making at the level of the political system.In amore formal sense the deliberation contains the argumentative,informational, reflective aspect which means that thepreferences, 0decisions, and views which are considered fixedin the aggregative models are considered to be volatile indeliberation. Therefore, Authentity is a major concern, thedemocratic control within The ideal meaning must besubstantive, not symbolic, including voluntary communicationamong competent participants.

The theory of deliberative democracy does notadvocate a revolution, but rather a reform of the rule of law bylaunching public discourse activities in various socio-political-cultural fields to enhance the democratic participation ofcitizens.In deliberative democracies, majority decisions can becontrolled through people's sovereignty. Communities cancriticize decisions made by mandate holders. If people havedared to criticize government policies, then indirectly they havebecome rational societies, no longer irrational communities.Public publicOr aspirations serve to control formal politics orpolitical policies. If there is no courage to criticize politicalpolicy, then society is subject to obedience to the system.

II. RESEARCH METHODS

Researchers use a qualitative approach. Qualitative researchis intended as a type of research whose findings are not obtainedthrough statistical procedures or other forms of calculation.(Anselm Strauss & Juliet Corbin, 2003).

A. Research Sites

This research was conducted in Regency KepulauanMeranti. While the object of this research is Government In TheVillage Of Renak Dungun Subdistrict Pulau Merbau RegencyKepulauan Meranti Year 2014-2015.

B. Data Type

a. Primary data

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Primary data is a source of information that can be obtainedfrom direct sources or information from people who are in thefield. In this case the author looks for research data toGovernment Village Of Renak Dungun, GovernmentSubdistrict Pulau Merbau, And Village Institutions.

b. Secondary DataSecondary data is information which obtained from other

parties outside the location or object of research. These datasources can be obtained through internal data on researchobjects such as documents, files that are relevant in answeringresearch problems. Then the external data derived fromliterature study by searching data through books, journals,papers, internet media and so on.

C. Data Source

Sources of research data is obtained from:

a. Informant research

They are District Government Pulau Merbau, VillageGovernment Renak Dungun, Village Institutions RenakDungun, and People Leader Village of Renak Dungun.

b. Supporting documents and reports

Those are reports such as District Government PulauMerbau, Public Figure Village Renak Dungun, And Women’sGroups Village Renak Dungun.

D. Data collection techniques

Data collection techniques are closely related to the researchmethods used. The instruments in collecting these data are :

a. Documentation

It is the technique of collecting data through the documentsthat exist on the location of research and outside research.Thesedocumentation materials are reports that are relevant to theresearch problems of the relevant agencies.

b. Interview

To obtain information from informants required in-depthinterviews using purposive sampling interview techniquesmeans interviews of selected people based on the author'sknowledge of people who know more about research problems.

III. RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

Deliberation Process of Interest in Village DevelopmentPlanning of Renak Dungun

1. Process in the village development planningconsultation of Renak Dungun

Renak Dungun village is a village that has the largestarea in the District Pulau merbau, in addition to the villagerenak dungun is the main village of sub-district pulau merbau.So this becomes a challenge for the Village Government to

carry out village development planning that upholds theprinciple of democracy and community participation.

The large area and burden of the village as the mothervillage, demand the Village Government to organize thedevelopment based on the aspirations of the community, not thelocal elite agreement alone.

However, geographical conditions with the largest areaof district pulau merbau raises a separate problem in theimplementation of village development planningin the villageof renakdungun.The village of RenakDungun, has ahomogeneous character of society, where the dominant orwhole society consists of people who have the same ethnicity /race, language, and cultural traditions.A challenge, of course,for the village government dengun renewal to be able to createdeliberation that puts the individual activeness in a communityso that communication that occurs in a village developmentplanning forum can influence public decisions.One of the tasksof the village administration is to prepare a development planto be implemented in its area, whether physical development ornon-physical community development. Village developmentplanning is discussed in a forum which involves all elements ofcommunity leaders or community organizations andimplemented in an open and participative way.

The forum discussing the planned development of thevillage is better known as the village development planningconsultation or it may be called Musrenbangdes, which is oneof the deliberations of deliberation in the village. The villagedevelopment planning is basically a bottom-up villagedevelopment planning mechanism Bottom up) involving allstakeholders at the village level to discover and recognizeexternal problems, potential, needs, or challenges.

Based on the results of observations and research thathas been done by the author, overall, the process ofmusrenbangdes village renakdungundistrict pulau merbau is asfollows:

1. Starting from the circular and schedule ofmusrenbangdes from sub-district of merbau islandspread to each village asmerbau island sub-district.

2. After the circular letter, the Village Government ofRenak Dungun informs the Head of Dusun / RWChairman and the Head of RT about theMusrenbangdes, it is expected that each Head ofDusun / RW and RT propose activities in accordancewith the needs in each region.

3. Each RT holds a community meeting about theproposed activities to be proposed, and coordinated bythe Chairman of the RW and Head of Dusun.

4. The media used to socialize the implementation ofMusrenbangdes only through the media of invitationonly without public announcement to the public so thatthe public widely know about willheldMusrenbangdes.From the processin village development planning

mechanism, proposals from the RT level that areaccommodated at the RW level only generate suggestions that

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have not had directives and are just memorable asadministrative complement only, it is related to:

1. Unclear activities will be carried out at the RT, RWand Village levels.

2. Not yet known the amount and cost of the cost that willbe used whether the village self-help or the cost of theDistrict / District level.

3. Proposals from RT levels prior to entering theMusrenbangdes process are RW decisions whosepriority scale is highly dependent on RW, so it can besaid that it has not yet accommodated the aspirationsof the community as a whole.So to get closer to the planning aspirations of the

community, one of the efforts to be taken is to provide clarityabout the programs to be implemented, so that people reallyunderstand what to do, the amount of funds to be used and thesource of financing to be used. Furthermore, the process ofpreparation of musrenbangdes in the village renakdungunbegins with the dissemination of invitations to participants andspeakers musrenbangdes. The invited musrenbangdesparticipants are as follows:

Table 5 Participants invited in Village development planning ofRenak DungunYear 2014-2015

No Year 2014 Year 2015Clasification Amount Clasification Amount

1. DistrictGovernment

3Person

DistrictGovernment

3Person

2. Villagegovernment

25Person

Villagegovernment

25Person

3. VillageInstitution

25Person

VillageInstitution

25Person

4. Publicfigure

3Person

Publicfigure

3Person

5. Religiousleaders

3Person

Religiousleaders

3Person

6. EducationLeadet

3Person

EducationLeadet

3Person

7. YouthLeader

3Person

YouthLeader

3Person

8. Women'sGroups

15Person

Women'sGroups

15Person

Amount 80Person

Amount 80Person

Source: Processed Data 2017

From the table above can be seen that the number ofparticipants who invited musrenbangdes still dominated byformal actors amounted to 53 people, while informal actorsonly amounted to 27 people.This indicates that the villagegovernment has not tried to increase the role of informal actors,because participants are invited musrenbangdes still Dominatedby the elites in the village.

The impact of this is in preparing the process of the waymusrenbangdes, village government dungun just to handle and

coordinate itself each stage and the necessary needs in thecourse of musrenbangdes in the village renakdungun.

2. The Actor/Person Involved Invillage developmentplanning consultation of Renak DungunActors/figures involved in village development

planning of renakdungun have some classification of formalactors and informal actors. Formal actors can be understood asactors who have official power, while the informal actors areactors who have an influential reputation in the region.

Actors / figures who are involved in the villagemusrenbangdesrenakdungun still dominated by the formalactors in the village.Musrenbang forum that should be adeliberative forum to bring a program that pro-society finallyvery impressed formalities only.

The involvement of actors / figures in the villagemusrenbangdes of renakdungun decreased from year to yearand also there are weaknesses in the implementation. Theweaknesses are seen from the lack of involvement of variouselements of the community (Stakeholders) at the village levelin the preparation of musrenbangdes.

3. Interest in village development planning consultationofRenak Dungun

Everyone has an interest, but not all interests have asignificant impact on politics. In larger polytic societies of face-to-face communities, interests must be set to be effective. Andonce the organized group as a whole reaches a certain densityin the relevant political space, they have a significant impact onthe domain of political fidelity.

In the context of this research, internal interest of villagedevelopment planning consultation Can be seen from the actors/ figures present in the Musrenbangdes. Each bringing itsimportance to the village government in the hope that theseinterests can be realized. This is expected to of course affect thefinal outcome of the list of development priorities generated.

The actors involved and who bring the proposals of thissociety hope that what they propose this will be realized by thevillage government as expected by the community. From yearto year stakeholders (Stakeholders) bring almost the sameinterests but more increased when compared to the previousyear. Proposed village development from the communitysubmitted by the actors / figures involvedMuch refers toprevious RPJMDes. Seen from the type and form of theproposals generatedIt is clear that the proposed villagedevelopment activitiesHas a similarity and uniformity fromyear to year.

4. Process of deliberation of interest in villagedevelopment planning consultation Renak Dungun

Based on research that has been done by researchers,in the deliberation process of interest / consensus of this interestobtained a research result that the deliberation of interestsOnlycompiled by some elite in the village. Therefore ruraldevelopment should be seen not only as an object but also as asubject of development. In this sense, it is society that should

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carry out development and enjoy the results of thatdevelopment.

In the delivery of articulation and aggregation ofinterestsThe committee will divide the participants into groupsaccording to the areas of development that will be discussed. Inthis group discussion, participants are expected to participatemore actively in the delivery of ideas or opinions about villagedevelopment planning. Community involvement in this processcan provide an opportunity for people to influence policy fromthe very beginning of the policy formulation process. However,the authority of the community to determine the developmentthat will be realized is still not great, because the dominantfigure remains on the side of the village government indetermining the approved development.

Community participation in this processCan not behigher than the consultation level, because the rest of theauthorities are in the power of the village government. Theseauthorities include the determination of approved proposals andthe priority of village development as well as the determinationof representatives who will follow deliberations of district. Thelevel of partnership or even the delegation can not be realizedby the village government officials. This is indicated by thevillage government does not or has not cooperated with localorganizations and community organizations in theimplementation of village development planning.

One problem faced by the village governmentIs due tothe non-functioning of the institution in the village renakdungun in particularInstitute for Village CommunityEmpowerment. This research found several weaknesses in thedeliberation process of interest :

First, on the side of the mechanism: The participatoryplanning process through Village development planningdeliberations mechanism is still a rhetoric, since the mostdominant formal actors in formulating the village developmentplanning are the village government.

Secondly, on the process side: process only containsactivities in the form of exposure from the village head and itsequipment. Participants were only given the opportunity toinquire about these activities, there was no discussion andnegotiation (dialog) between the village government and theparticipants on issues or problems and problem solving.

Third, Program Content / Quality: The qualityofVillage development planning deliberations results is low andless systematic. Contains only the recapitulation, whichcontains the activities and funds needed. In terms of objectives,ways to realize activities and time in detail are not explained.

Fourth, Stakeholders: Stakeholders Not fullyrepresented in the village development planning meeting.Because only followed byStakeholders.

IV. CONCLUSION

a. ConclusionBased on the Results and Discussion that has been

described above can be concluded that:Deliberation Process ofInterest in Village Development Planning Renak Dungun Stillhas not run well and is still symbolic and not substantive to the

needs of the village community.Deliberation process of villagedevelopment planningStill impressed formality and has no cleardirection / objectives, actors / figures involved, Still dominatedby Formal Actors and minimal involvement of informal actors,the interests brought to show more uniformity, and DeliberationProcess of Interests has not yet described the needs of thevillage community.

b. SuggestionTo Create Better Deliberation of Village

Development Planning, then there are some suggestions thatmay need to be considered :1. For the District Government it is advisable to be more

responsive and responsive in responding to the elementsof interest brought by the village government. Theseelements of interest can be realized and accommodatedin order to have a significant impact on villagedevelopment.For the Village Government.

2. For the Village Government it is advisable to re-activatethe village institutions that have vacuum so that theparticipation level of the partnership can beimplemented in musrenbangdes.selanjutnya. The villagegovernment in the future should also involve morecommunity elements in the village. And the VillageGovernment Suggested for the future can do Negotiation/ Lobby Better interest to the district government.ForVillage Community Elements.

3. For Elements of Villages it is suggested to re-control theperformance of the village government, more actively indelivering the aggregation / articulation of interestsbrought, so that the interests that are the needs of thecommunity can be realized and certainly can affect apolicy making on the village development planning.

REFERENCES

(1) Adisasmita,Rahardjo.2006.Rural and Urban Development.Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

(2) Hardiman, Budi. 2009. Deliberative Democracy Considering StateLaw and Public Space InHabermas's Theory of Discourse.Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

(3) Kessa, Wahyudin. 2015. Village Development Planning. Jakarta:Ministry of Village.

(4) Moran, Michael. 2015. Handbook of Public Policy. Bandung: ISBN.(5) Umes Qoroni, Akhmad. Tesis Magister Teknik Pembangunan

Universitas Diponegoro 2005. Musrenbangdes Effectiveness InInfrastructure Development Planning Based On The Situation AndPotential Of Region In Tegal Regency.

(6) Recapitulation of Results Deliberation of village developmentplanning Renak Dungun District Pulau Merbau RegencyKepulauan Meranti Year 2014-2015.

(7) Law Number 6 Year 2014 About the Village.(8) Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 116 Year 2014

About Guidelines for Village Development.

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