delhi the capital
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. M.P. George, Scientist,
Delhi Pollution Control Committee
Delhi The Capital
� It is a heavily polluted city. During winter mornings smogspreads over the city, flights are delayed or cancelled.Traffic is chaotic. Buses and trucks belch smoke, three-wheelers rattle like machine guns and every driver honkshis horn for the sheer joy of honking.
� Delhi is the greenest capital city in the world. It has moretrees to the square kilometer than any other. There is nota time of year when some tree or the other is not in fullflower: silk cotton, flame of the forest, coral, siris,jacaranda, gulmohar, laburnum, lagerstroemia
� There are seven reasons why I love Delhi, If there areseven reasons for loving Delhi, there are more thanseventy for hating it. Kuhswant singh
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Public Perception
� 35% of respondents aren’t convinced that air pollution in Delhi is an emergency.
� This includes 75% of those with children less than 10 years of age.
� In fact, 20% of all respondents feel the narrative built around it is over-hyped.
Delhi an Unique City
� Population Aprox. 20 million � Vehicular Population 11 million� Vehicle daily entering from other states 0.15million trips � Extreme climate 2◦ C to 46◦C� Rains only in Monsoon or Scanty winter rains .� 26 types of vehicle moves on same road space� Per capita income during 2017-18 estimated at RS.3,29,093.� The Average population density is 11,320 persons per sq.km. North
East District has highest population density 36,155 persons per Sq. � The total forest and tree cover area is 305.41 sq km.� Around 40 lakh commuters will use its network daily after the
completion of Phase III,� The daily average ridership in 2018-19 was 22.85 lakh, down from
25.38 lakh in 2017-18 and even after the introduction of the Pink andMagenta lines, the figure is just a little over 26 lakh.
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Monitoring Network of DPCC
2017
Network strengthened with 20 more stations overall 26 station made functional
2010
06 Real time Monitoring Station Made Functional
2006
40 location monitoring Once in a month
2004
One Monitoring Station Manual
1998
Episodic Monitoring Manual
Faridabad Sector 16
Sector 125 Noida
Sector 62Noida
Vasundhra
Ghaziabad
VivekVihar
AnandVihar
Sonia Vihar
Mother Dairy
Wazirpur
Ashok Vihar
MandirMarg
Pusa
JLN Stadium
National Stadium
Okhla
Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range
AourbindoMarg
R.K.Puram
Mundka Punjabi
Bagh
Alipur
Rohini
Narela
Bawana
NPL Pusa
DU
Lodhi
Rd
IGI T3
Mathura Road
Pitampura Dhirpur
Aya Nagar
NISE,Gurugram
Sec 8,Dwarka
ITO
Shadipur
Dilshad Garden
NSIT Dwarka
DTU
Siri fort
Civil Lines
Gurugram(Rajiv Chawk)
CAAQMS
Najafgarh
IGI T3
DPCC
IITM
CPCB
UPPCB
HSPCB
Nehru Nagar
Jahangirpuri
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Categorization of DPCC CAAQMS
S. No. Stations Category
1 Jahangirpuri Commercial + Residential
2 Narela Industrial
3 Sonia Vihar Residential
4 Patparganj (Mother dairy) Commercial + Residential
5 Ashok Vihar (Satyawati) Institutional + Residential
6
Nehru Nagar (PGDAV
college) Institutional + Residential
7 Najafgarh Background
8 Vivek Vihar (ITI Shahdra) Industrial
9 National Stadium (DCN) Commercial + Residential
10 JLN Stadium Commercial + Residential
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Dr. Karni Singh Shooting
Range Background
12 Dwarka (NIMR) Commercial + Residential
13 Rohini (SSD) Institutional + Residential
14 Wazirpur Industrial
15 Okhla Industrial
16 Bawana Industrial
17 ANAND VIHAR Hotspot
18 MANDIR MARG Institutional + Residential
19 PUNJABI BAGH Institutional + Residential
20 R.K. PURAM Residential
21 Alipur Commercial
22 Sri Aurobindo Marg Background
23 PUSA(Naraina) Commercial
24 Mundka Hotspot
Source Apportionment Studies
Air quality Monitoring , Emission Inventory and SourceApportionment Studies for Delhi (2010)
Comprehensive Study on Air Pollution and Green HouseGases (GHGs) in Delhi (2016)
Source Apportionment Of Ambient ParticulateMatter During Winter Season In Delhi City. (2017)
Source Apportionment of PM2.5 & PM10 of Delhi NCR forIdentification of Major Sources (2018)
Real Time source apportionment of Delhi City (ongoing)
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REASONS OF AIR POLLUTION
� Local Contribution sources
� Particulate Matter (PM10 & PM2.5) -
� Biomass burning, Secondary particulates, Vehicles, Coal and
Fly Ash, Road & Soil dust
� Regional Contribution – Stubble Burning in Haryana & Punjab with
NW prominent winds during winter harvesting season Sep. – Oct.
� Forest Fires
� Global Contribution – Transboundary dust storms, stubble burning
� Unfavorable Meteorology – During winters, low surface winds, low
mixing depths, inversion conditions
Critical Pollutants for the City
� Particulate Matter PM 2.5
PM 10
○ Gaseous Pollutants
NO2
Ozone
Benzene
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Action taken
� Conversion of commercial vehicle fleet to CNG,� Ban on use of coal,� Introduction of Euro VI fuel in Delhi,� Closure of thermal power station in Delhi,� Introduction of mechanized sweeping of the roads,� Total ban on garbage and leaf burning,� Conversion of industries into PNG from use of liquid fuel,� Massive plantation drive and greening of dust emitting
unpaved area of Delhi.� The other steps were also initiated at the time of episodic
pollution like stoppage of construction, closing down ofindustries.
� The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) alsoimplemented effectively in Delhi.
Action taken
� Promotion of Battery Operated Vehicles.
� Prohibition on bursting of Firecrackerson non religious occasions .
� Imposition of environmentalcompensation on light and heavy dutynon destined commercial vehiclesentering Delhi.
� Environmental Marshalls
� Public Awareness
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Action initiated
� Monitoring and Action against persons for burning of wastematerial/garbage in open:
� Government has undertaken special drive of inspections to prevent airpollution due to the burning of leaves/garbage in open areas.
� To receive the public complaints in order to stop the burning ofGarbage/ Waste material/ Leaves, Delhi Pollution Control Committee(DPCC) has opened “whatsapp account with mobile number9717593574” and “9717593501”. Complaints received on WhatsAppNos. 9717593501 & 9717593574 of DPCC (including complaints ofCPCB Teams) received as on October 2018 – 1833.
� Sub Divisional Magistrates (SDMs) along with Tehsildars (ExecutiveMagistrate), Department of Revenue, GNCTD, have been authorized totake action against violations. A penalty is being imposed in accordancewith the directions of Hon'ble National Green Tribunal.
� For prohibition of the burning of dry leaves/garbage/plastic, etc.Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCDs)/ Delhi Development Authority(DDA) has been asked that if any violation found, concerned S.O.(Horticulture) and Sanitation Inspection will be held responsiblepersonally and action will be taken against them. iv. Other civicagencies also have imposed fines in respect of violations found at sites.
Notified Approved FuelNotified Approved FuelNotified Approved FuelNotified Approved FuelThe Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) has issued approved fuel notification on 29.6.2018. As per the notificationonly approved fuels are permitted to be used which as follows:
� Petrol (BS VI with 10 ppm Sulphur) as per the Notification of Government of India as amended from time totime.
� Diesel (BS VI with 10 ppm Sulphur) as per the Notification of Government of India as amended from time totime.
� Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
� Natural Gas/Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
� Aviation turbine fuel
� (a) Firewood for crematoriums and for other religious purposes.� (b)Wood Charcoal for Tandoors and Grills of Hotels/ Restaurant/ Banquet Halls/ Eating Houses having
emission channelization/control system.� (c)Wood Charcoal for use in clothes ironing.
� Biogas
� Refuse Derived Fuel (only for Waste-to-Energy Plants)
� Any other clean fuel notified by the Govt. of NCT of Delhi / Govt. of India, subsequent to this notification.
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Graded Response Action plan an
Air Quality Management Plan
Stage: Moderate to PoorAmbient PM2.5 concentration between 61-120 μg/m3
Ambient PM10 concentration between 101-350 μg/m3
Stop Garbage Burning.
Strict enforcement by PCBs in Industries.
Strict enforcement in Thermal power plants.
Mechanized sweeping of roads.
Water sprinkling on unpaved roads.
Strict enforcement of vehicular pollution norms and imposing
fines.
Dust control enforcement in construction activities.
Additional traffic Police deployment for smooth flow of traffic.
Diversion of non destined trucks.
Enforcement of ban on fire crackers.
Watering of fly ash ponds.
Information dissemination and public participation.
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Stage:Very Poor Ambient PM2.5 concentration is between 121-250μg/m3
Ambient PM10 concentration is between 351-430 μg/m3
……. Actions in addition to previous stage
�Increased frequency of mechanized road sweeping and water
sprinkling especially in hotspots.
�Stop use of DG Sets.
�Enhancement of parking fees by 3 to 4 times.
�Increasing the bus and metro services.
�Ban on coal and firewood burning in hotels and eateries.
�Involvement of RWAS for providing electric heaters to security
to reduce the garbage/Leaf burning.
�Public advisory in the media regarding ill effects of Air Pollution
and to remain indoors.
Stage: Severe Ambient PM2.5 concentration is more than 250 μg/m3
PM10concentration 430μg/m3
……. Actions in addition to previous stage
�Increased frequency of mechanized road sweeping and water
sprinkling especially in hotspots.
�Closing of brick klins, hot mix plants and stone crushers.
�Shutting down of BTPS(Parmantly closed in 2018).
�Intensify public transport services.
�Introduce differential rates to encourage off peak travel.
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Stage: Severe plus
PM2.5 PM10 concentration values of 300μg/m3
PM10 concentration values 500 μg/m3
persist for 48 hours or more
……. Actions in addition to previous stage
�Stop entry of truck except carrying essential goods.
�Stop all construction activities.
�Introduction of odd-even scheme for private vehicles.
�Consider in task force to close down of schools.
Identification of Hot Spot
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SN CAAQMS
1 Alipur
2 Jahangirpuri
3 Narela
4 Sonia Vihar
5 Patparganj
6 Ashok Vihar
7 Nehru Nagar
8 Sri aurobindo marg
9 Najafgarh
10 Vivek Vihar
11 Pusa
12 National Stadium
13 JLN Stadium
14Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range
15 Dwarka
16 Mundka
17 Rohini
18 Wazirpur
19 Okhla
20 Bawana
21 ANAND VIHAR
22 MANDIR MARG
23 PUNJABI BAGH
24 R.K. PURAM
SN CAAQMS
1 Alipur
2 Jahangirpuri
3 Narela
4 Sonia Vihar
5 Patparganj
6 Ashok Vihar
7 Nehru Nagar
8 Sri aurobindo marg
9 Najafgarh
10 Vivek Vihar
11 Pusa
12 National Stadium
13 JLN Stadium
14Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range
15 Dwarka
16 Mundka
17 Rohini
18 Wazirpur
19 Okhla
20 Bawana
21 ANAND VIHAR
22 MANDIR MARG
23 PUNJABI BAGH
24 R.K. PURAM
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
co
nc. (µ
g/m
³)
Monthly Comparison of Particulate Matter (PM 10) during 2016-2019 At Annad Vihar
2016 2017 2018 2019
Data not
available for
July2018
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
co
nc. (µ
g/m
³)
Monthly Comparison of Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) during 2016-2019 at Annad Vihar
2016 2017 2018 2019
Data not
available for
July2018
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Comparison of No. of Days according to AQI condition from
January to December 2017-2018
Months Good (0-50)Satisfactory
(51-100)
Moderate
(101-200)
Poor
(201-300)Very Poor (301-400)
Severe
(>401)
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
JANUARY 2 9 10 20 18 3
FEBRUARY 2 6 22 19 4 3
MARCH 13 18 18 13
APRIL 1 13 7 12 18 5 4
MAY 7 12 17 17 7 2
JUNE 2 4 17 17 10 5 1 3
JULY 2 16 16 13 15
AUGUST 18 19 13 8 4
SEPTEMBE
R 8 13 19 16 3 1
OCTOBER 5 5 10 16 14 9 1 1
NOVEMBE
R 1 3 7 20 17 7 5
DECEMBER 2 1 10 4 18 18 1 8
2 0 44 53 106 106 114 114 88 72 9 20
*Source- CPCB AQI Bulletin
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
01-Jan 01-Feb 01-Mar 01-Apr 01-May 01-Jun 01-Jul 01-Aug 01-Sep 01-Oct 01-Nov 01-Dec 01-Jan 01-Feb 01-Mar 01-Apr
co
nc. (µ
g/m
³)
Variation in Concentration (City Average) of Particulate Matter (µg/m3) in Delhi from 1 Jan 2018 -2 Apr 2019
PM 10 PM 2.5
Summer
Agricultural Burning
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DPCC CAAQMS Annual City Average Data for
Particulate Matter
Year PM 10 (µg/m3) PM 2.5 (µg/m3)
2017-2018 300 149
2018-2019 257 119
Percentage change
Decrease 14% Decrease 20%
New Initiatives by Delhi
Government:� Green Budget Implementation:
� The Government of Delhi has passed a GreenBudget wherein provisions have been madefor providing a subsidy to the following: -
Conversion of industries to PNG – Cabinethas approved the policy to offer an incentive toindustries in approved industrial areas of upto1 lakh to switch over to piped natural gas fromexisting polluting fuels on 04.09.2018 andDPCC issued office order for implementation. -Conversion of coal based Tandoors to Gasbased -
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Future Action Plan of Delhi Government to Tackle the
Air Pollution Situation in Delhi:
� Augmentation of Solid Waste processing facilities by MCDs: � By increasing the capacity of Waste to Energy Plant from existing 5100 TPD to 10,300 TPD to take care of
the entire waste by establishing new units /capacity addition.
� By increasing the capacity of C & D waste recycling from existing 2650 TPD to 4650 TPD, to take care of the
entire C& D waste by establishing new units.
� By establishing smaller facilities to process Bio-degradable waste at decentralized locations of capacity
ranging from 1 TPD to 200 TPD. II. Greening of an unpaved area:
� MCDs, NDMC and PWD have proposed for Greening/paving of central verges/road berms / unpaved. III. Water Sprinkling on roads:
� MCDs, NDMC and PWD have proposed to augment regular water sprinkling on roads before sweeping by deploying a sufficient number of water tanker with sprinklers. IV. Public Transport:
� Procurement of 2000 CNG buses
� Procurement of 1000 electric buses
� Last mile connectivity by DMRC - The DMRC has contributed a subsidiary company and procuring feeder buses to serve as last mile connectivity in an organized way.
� DMRC is in process of acquiring additional metro coaches
Further Steps Required
� With special reference to Delhi , the corporate may take somesteps to improve Delhi’s environment specially the Air, they canuse their CSR funds to reduce biomass burning in unorganizedsectors may be for heating or even for cooking. The residents ofslum are still using manly biomass for cooking and heating. If theycan be provided the cleaner fuels like gas with a communitykitchen like facility where anyone can come and cook.
� The shelters may be provided with heating systems instead ofbonfires (alav).
� The corporate can adapt small area or locality to maintain thecleanliness. The parks and open areas can be adopted to maintaintheir greenery so the problem of the windblown dust can becontrolled.
� To increase the mass awareness and to convey the gravity of theproblem the corporate may take the data generated bygovernment agencies and display in public places.
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� Recycling and reuse of industrial waste in environment friendlymanner would prevent burning of these waste.
� Greening of industrial estates and public places in the cityunder CSR may help to improve environment and improve airquality.
� Adoption of road stretch for mechanical cleaning and otherdust control action.
� As we all know the agricultural burning has came up as a bigenvironmental challenge CSR may be used for equippingfarmers to deal with agricultural residue and to encourageinnovative methods to control the issue.
� To encourage use of environmentally acceptable raw materialand final products.
� These initiative aims to restore ecological balance and puttingin management regimes that are sustainable for the long termin Delhi.
Are We There Yet ?
� Meeting National Ambient air qualitystandard
� Meeting World Health OrganizationGuidelines for Ambient air quality
� Seeing a blue sky!
� Proposing of effective, pragmatic andpreventive (rather thancombative)strategies
� Making accessible scientific data which iscapable of analysis by common man
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NEVER TELL
ME
THE ODDS
� Thanks
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