delhi history

7/22/2019 Delhi History

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Early history

According to Indian folklore, Delhi was the site of the magnificent and opulent Indraprastha,capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic Mahabharata, founded around 3500 BC.

Hindu texts state that the city of Delhi used to be referred to in Sanskrit as Hastinapur, whichmeans "elephant-city". The name Delhi may be derived from the word 'Dhillika', though there

are other theories. According to Satyarth Prakash (1874) of Swami Dayanand, Raja Dhilu (King

Dihlu) founded ancient Delhi in 800 BC, It was the name of the first medievel township of Delhi,

located on the southwestern border of the present Delhi, in Mehrauli. This was the first in the

series of seven medieval cities. It is also known as Yoginipura, that is, the fortress of the yoginis

(female divinities).

11th century to 16th century

TheTomardynasty founded Lal Kot in the middle of the 11th

century.Anangpal Tomar IIruledDelhi in the mid-eleventh century.

[3]He gave Mihirawali (nowMehrauli)name to modern Delhi.The

Chauhankings ofAjmerconquered Lal Kot in 1180 and renamed it Qila Rai Pithora. The

Chauhan kingPrithviraj IIIwas defeated in 1192 by theAfghanMuhammad Ghori.From 1206,

Delhi became the capital of theDelhi Sultanateunder theSlave Dynasty.The firstSultanof

Delhi,Qutb-ud-din Aybak,was a former slave who rose through the ranks to become a general, a

governor and then Sultan of Delhi. Qutb-ud-din started the construction of the Qutub Minar, a

recognisable symbol of Delhi, to commemorate his victory but died before its completion. After

the end of the Slave dynasty, a succession of Turkic Central Asian and Afghan dynasties, the

Khilji dynasty,theTughlaq dynasty,theSayyid dynastyand theLodi dynastyheld power in the

late medieval period and built a sequence of forts and townships in Delhi.[20]

In 1398,Timur Langinvaded India on the pretext that the Muslimsultans of Delhiwere too tolerant of

theirHindusubjects. After defeating the armies of Nasiruddin Mahmud ofTughlaq dynasty,on

December 15, 1398, Timur entered Delhi on December 18, 1398, and the city was sacked, destroyed,

and left in ruins, and over 100,000 war prisoners were killed as well.[21][22]

In 1526, following theFirst

Battle of Panipat,ZahiruddinBabur,the former ruler ofFergana,defeated the last Afghan Lodi sultan

and founded theMughaldynasty which ruled from Delhi,AgraandLahore.

16th century to 19th century

In the mid-16th century there was an interruption in the Mughal rule of India asSher Shah Suri

defeated Babur's sonHumayunand forced him to flee toAfghanistanandPersia.Sher Shah Suri

built the sixth city of Delhi, as well as the old fort known asPurana Qila,even though this city

was settled since the ancient era. After Sher Shah Suris death in 1545, his soIslam Shah took the

reins of north India from DelhiIslam Shah ruled from Delhi till 1553 when Humayun took it back

with the help of the king of Persia.
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The third and greatest Mughal emperor,Akbar,moved the capital toAgra,resulting in a decline in the

fortunes of Delhi. In the mid-17th century, the Mughal EmperorShah Jahan(16281658) built the city

that sometimes bears his nameShahjahanabad,the seventh city of Delhi that is more commonly known

as the old city or old Delhi. This city contains a number of significant architectural features, including the

Red Fort(Lal Qila) and theJama Masjid.The old city served as the capital of the later Mughal Empire

from 1638 onwards, when Shah Jahan transferred the capital back from Agra.Aurangzeb(1658

1707)

crowned himself as emperor in Delhi in 1658 at theShalimar garden('Aizzabad-Bagh) with a second

coronation in 1659. After 1680, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as theHinduMaratha

Empireled by Shivaji rose to prominence.

In 1737,Marathaforces sacked Delhi, following their victory against the Mughals in theFirst

Battle of Delhi.In 1739, a weakened Mughal Empire lost theBattle of Karnal,following whichthe victorious forces ofNader Shahinvaded and looted Delhi, carrying away many treasures,

including thePeacock Throne.[24]

A treaty signed in 1752 madeMarathasthe protector of the

Mughal throne at Delhi.[25]

In January 1757,Abdaliinvaded Delhi. He returned to Afghanistan in

April 1757 giving the control of Delhi toNajib-ud-Daula.However, Marathas occupied Delhiafter defeating Najib in theBattle of Red Fort.In 1761, the Marathas lost Delhi as a consequence

of thethird battle of Panipat,the city was again raided by Abdali.

In early 1771, ten years after the collapse of Maratha supremacy in north India in the Third

Battle of Panipat,MarathasunderMahadji Shinderecaptured Delhi and restored the Mughal

kingShah Alam IIas a titular head to the throne in 1772.

In 1803, during theSecond Anglo-Maratha War,the forces ofBritish East India Company

defeated theMarathaforces in theBattle of Delhi,ending the Maratha rule over the city.[26]

As aresult, Delhi came under the control ofBritish East India Company.

Delhi passed into the direct control ofBritish Governmentin 1857 after theFirst War of IndianIndependence.The city received significant damage during the 1857siege.Afterwards, the last

titular Mughal EmperorBahadur Shah Zafar IIwas exiled toRangoonand the remaining Mughal

territories were annexed as a part ofBritish India.

Calcuttawas declared the capital of British India but in 1911 at theDelhi Durbar of 1911,held at

theCoronation Park,King George Vannounced the shifting of the capital back to Delhi. Parts of

the old city wereNew Delhi,a monumental new quarter of the city designed by the British

architectEdwin Lutyensto house the government buildings was inaugurated in 1931 after its

construction was delayed due to World War I.[27]

New Delhi was officially declared as the seat of

theGovernment of Indiaafterindependencein 1949. The first Chief minister of Delhi was Ch.

Braham Prakash of INC though the first women CM wasSushma Swarajfrom BJP. Comrade

Guru Radha Kishan(CPI) had the rare distinction of representing his constituency in MCD

(DMC initially) for most and Ch. Prem Singh (INC) has won the maximum elections for

different civic bodies in Delhi.Sheila Dikshit(INC) is the presentChief Minister of Delhi,since

1998.
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delhi history

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