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Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader, Chairs Institutional Policies Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP (Graduate School in Public Administration) 7 June 2007

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Page 1: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

Capacity BuildingComparative analysis of public administration in SwitzerlandDr. Christophe Koller, Project leader, Chairs Institutional Policies

Delegation from the Philippines to SwitzerlandIDHEAP (Graduate School in Public Administration)7 June 2007

Page 2: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 2 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Presentation IDHEAP - BADAC« Institutional Federalism / Policies »

1 Swiss political-administrative system

& comparative analysis

2 Public Administration & Actors Profile Questions / Break (15mn)

3 Administrative structures & changes

4 Conclusion

5 BADAC - Ressources

Page 3: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 3 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

www.badac.chDatabase of Swiss Cantons and Towns

Page 4: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 4 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

IDHEAP- BADAC - Objectives

Description of swiss political-administrative system

Monitoring of swiss political-administrative changes

Benchmark of swiss political-administrative

between

– 26 cantons

– MLA: Federal, Cantonal, Cities and municipalities

Page 5: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 5 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Limits of Swiss Comparative Analysis

Problem of complexity of Swiss State & Public Administration

(PA) organisation

(=> swiss federalism);

Public statistic = poor, particularly for description of State actors

and clients (OUTPUT); NE finances = good (INPUT).

No real administratives sciences in CH

- Legal & historical approach (to 70’)

- Public finances (80’)

- Oeconometrics (80-90’)

- Institutional policies (90’), NPM

- Public management (00’), New public governance?

Page 6: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 6 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Principal of Separation of power(MLA: Confederation, cantons, communes)

Page 7: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 7 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

CH Democracy –Timeline Elections 2007

Page 8: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 8 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Federal elections & votations participation 1919 - 2003

Page 9: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 9 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Party strengh in elections to house of representatives 1971 - 2003

Page 10: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 10 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Party support according to profession 2003

Page 11: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 11 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Horizontal collaboration (enforcement) Cantonal – agreements 1848-2003

Page 12: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 12 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Historical-political Profile 1848 => MLAa) Confédération b) 26 Cantons (7.4 mios inhabitants)

Page 13: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 13 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Cultural & local profile: MLAc) ± 2800 municipalities (German speaking: red ≥ 80%)

Page 14: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 14 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Culture: 2 mains religions (part of catholics: red ≥ 80%, prot. ± 40%, muslim ± 3%)

Page 15: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 15 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Politics: 4 parties in central government(Right -> Link: SPP, RDP, CDP, SP)(part of CDP (Christian-Dem.) 2003: red < 50%) (CH=22%)

Page 16: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 16 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

CDP according to the canton 2006 (% & variation)

Page 17: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 17 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Parties forces in the 26 cantonal Parlament 2006 (Left, center, right)

Page 18: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 18 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Governments forces in the 26 cantons in 2006 (Left, center, right)

Verts

Verts

Verts

Verts

Verts

Verts

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PS

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PDC

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

PRD

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

UDC

Autres

Autres

Autres

Autres

Autres

Autres

Autres

Autres

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BE

BS

GE

VD

FR

SG

ZH

AR

NW

SZ

UR

ZG

AI

NE

JU

BL

GL

GR

LU

SH

SO

TG

TI

VS

AG

OW

Composition partisane des gouvernements cantonaux (début octobre 2006)(Classement dans l'ordre décroissant la somme des partis de gauche (PS+verts) et la taille de l'exécutif)

PLS

PLS

PLS

PLS

Page 19: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 19 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Cities profiles: But no real power!120 Towns (≥ 10’000 inhabitants; 70% of pop)

Page 20: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 20 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

50 Agglomerations (≥ 20’000 inhabitants)

Page 21: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 21 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

5 Metropolitan Areas (≥ 200’000 inhabitants)

Page 22: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 22 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

T1: Cantons and municipalities: Size, number of municipalities, average population and population median

Canton Population Canton

Number of municipalit

ies

Average population

Population median

Zurich 1261810 171 7379 3210Bern 955378 398 2400 887Vaud 647382 381 1699 450Aargau 565122 229 2468 1378St. Gallen 458821 89 5155 3437Geneva 427396 45 9498 2396Lucerne 354731 97 3657 1920Ticino 319931 196 1632 725Valais 287976 153 1882 793Basel-Landschaft 265305 86 3085 1253Fribourg 250377 168 1490 843Solothurn 247379 125 1979 1034Thurgau 232978 80 2912 1884Graubünden 187812 207 907 320Basel-Stadt 186753 3 62251 20583Neuchâtel 167910 62 2708 996Schwyz 135989 30 4533 2892Zug 105244 11 9568 8001Schaffhausen 73788 32 2306 711Jura 69091 83 832 404Appenzell Ausserrhoden 52841 20 2642 1714Nidwalden 39497 11 3591 3012Glarus 38317 27 1419 720Uri 35083 20 1754 845Obwalden 33162 7 4737 4456Appenzell Innerrhoden 15029 6 2505 1951

All together 7415102 2737 2709 985Source: Federal Office of Statistics, Bilanz der Wohnbevölkerung 2004, number of municipalities per 1.1.2006.

Page 23: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 23 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Fusions & mergers of communes 1850-2006

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

1850 1860 1888 1900 1910 1920 1930 1941 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2002 2004 2006

Page 24: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 24 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

SIze of the communes 2004

Anteil Gemeinden

05

10152025

bis

249

250-

499

500-

999

1000

-199

9

2000

-499

9

5000

-999

9

1000

0-19

999

2000

0-49

999

5000

0-99

999

1000

00 u

nd m

ehr

Page 25: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 25 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Population proportionaccording commune size 2004

Bevölkerungsanteile

05

10152025

bis

249

250-

499

500-

999

1000

-199

9

2000

-499

9

5000

-999

9

1000

0-19

999

2000

0-49

999

5000

0-99

999

1000

00 u

nd m

ehr

Page 26: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 26 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Analysis according different dimensions

1 1 GeographicalGeographical (localisation)(localisation)

2 2 SizeSize ((inhabitantsinhabitants & surface)& surface)

3 3 CultureCulture ((languagelanguage & culture)& culture)

4 4 EconomicalEconomical (public finances, (public finances, incomeincome pro pro inhabitantinhabitant))

5 5 PoliticalPolitical ((politicalpolitical parties)parties)

Page 27: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 27 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Main determinants

A) Size of population

1. >425'000 [ZH, BE, VD, AG, SG] (3.8 mios inh./52%)

2. 230'000-380'000 [GE, LU, TI, VS, BL, SO] (1.9/26%)

3. 160'000-215'000 [FR, TG, BS, GR, NE] (1.0/14%)

4. 50'000-115'000 [SZ, ZG, SH, JU, AR] (0.4/6%)

5. 13'000-40'000 [GL, NW, UR, OW, AI] (0.16/2%)

B) Culture

Majority language in the municipality:

1. German (5.2/71%)

2. French [FR, GE, JU, NE, VD, VS] (1.8/25%)

3. Italien [TI] (0.313/4%)

Page 28: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 28 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Main cleavages

Private sector / public sector

Centralisation / decentralisation (center / periphéry / federalisme)

Cantonalisation / « communalization » (municipalization)

Autonomy / central dependance

Administration (stricto sensu) / administration at large sens

– (without or with commecial compagnies (cantonal bank, electricity etc.)

Central Services (traditionnal) / services to HH / services to the economy

Page 29: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 29 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Definition (1)

Central Administration

Public administration in a strict sense. Sector

gathering the units belonging to the general

administration of the Confederation or the cantonal

and communal administrations (without

compagnies (Swiss Train & Post) and other

establishments of public law attached to the

Confederation or the canton (Hospital, energy

etc.)). (Germann 1996: 33s.)

Page 30: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 30 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Definitions (2)Administrative densityProportion of employees of the public services compared to the working or resident population (Germann et Weis 1995: 76)

Decentralisation of employees / public expenditures

Communal employees/communal public expenditure divided by communal and cantonal employment/cantonal and communal expenditure

Offices / divisions / services Administrative Units within a department or chancellery, directly subordinated to an adviser of State or the chancellor. Are not included: the secretariat of department, bodies of staff, commissions, courts, prefectures as well as the establishments and other organizations of public law

Page 31: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 31 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Definition (3)

Public sector

The public sector is defined as the whole of

commercial or not commercial activities,

managed at each institutional level,

controlled and mainly financed by the

authorities. It is composed of a sector of the

public administrations and a sector of the public

companies. (BIT 1999: 3)

Page 32: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 32 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

2 Public Administration & Actors Profile

Page 33: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 33 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Switzerland in international comparisonPart des agents publics en comparaison internationale, en pour cent

Anteil der öffentlichen Bediensteten in Internationale Vergleich, in Prozent

37.9

37.6

28.5

26.2

22.9

20.1

19.2

18.9

16

15.4

21

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Suède / Sweden 1996

Norvège / Norwegen 1995

Finlande / Finnland 1997

Danemark 1997

Irlande / Irland 1996

OCDE/OECD (Moy./Mitt. 15 pays/Staaten)

Canada / Kanada 1997

Allemagne / Deutschland 1997

Royaume-Uni / Grossbritannien 1997

USA 1997

Suisse / Schweiz 2000

Sources: Enquête sur les statistiques de l'emploi dans le secteur public, Bureau de statistiques, BIT octobre 1998; OFS RFP 2000;Quellen: Erhebung zu den Beschäftigungsstatistiken im öffentlichen Sektor, Statistikbüro, ILO Oktober 1998; BFS VZ 2000.

IDHEAP / BADAC

Page 34: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 34 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Self reported importance of Institutional levelin international comparison (CH, NO, DK, NL) 2004

49.165.1 58.5

39.2

30.48.0

10.9

20.5 26.9 30.6

59.6

1.3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

CH NO DK NL

Gemeinde Kanton Bund

Quelle: Size and Local Democracy: Prozentanteil Personen mit der Antwort „eher grosse Bedeutung“

Central

Regional

Local

Page 35: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 35 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Public employees on active population (MLA)

Personnes actives occupées dans le secteur public (EPT) selon le niveau administratif en Suisse en 2000

15.4%

2.3%6.0% 5.4%

1.6%

15.2%

39.2%35.1%

10.5%

100.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Total Confédération Cantons Communes Autres admin

Pour cent par rapport au total des actifs 2000 Répartition au sein du Secteur public 2000

IDHEAP / BADAC

N total des actifs: 3'454'000; N total secteur public 532'000

Sources: IDHEAP/BADAC (T 3.11), OFS, RFP 2000

Page 36: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 36 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Public employees on federal, cantonal and municipal level (1910 - 2001)

Table 6: Public employees on federal, cantonal and municipal level

1910 1950 1960 1970 1980 1991 1998 2001 Confederation 47 40 39 35 28 27.3 23.7 19.4 Cantons 22 27 29 32 38 39.5 43.1 47.1 Municipalities 31 33 32 33 34 33.2 33.2 33.5

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 in 1000 132 236 289 380 482 612 548 532 Source: Ballendowitsch, Jens (2003).

Page 37: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 37 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

« Public sector » trend 1991 - 2006Occupied active people according to economic sectors (Base 100 = 1991)

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

160.0

170.0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003r

2004r

2005r

2006© Swiss Federal statistical Office. Labor force surveys 1991-2006; IDHEAP-BADAC.

Sections économiques NOGA

L/Q Administration publique

M Enseignement

N Santé et activités sociales

Secteur II

Secteur III

Page 38: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 38 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Official « State Quote »through public expenses (OFS)

Page 39: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 39 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Public administration cost per inhabitant 2000Gesamtausgaben pro Einwohnerin/Einwohner in 2000Ausgaben der Kantone und der Gemeinden in Franken

16434

12006

11973

11312

10701

10263

10010

9947

9706

9543

9412

9279

9269

8786

8565

8551

8337

8287

8187

8133

7778

7746

7409

7063

6443

17327

10518

0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 15000 17500BS

GE

ZH

VD

NE

GR

Total

ZG

TI

SH

SG

BE

JU

BL

LU

VS

GL

FR

AG

SO

UR

AR

TG

NW

OW

SZ

AI

Quelle: IDHEAP/ BADAC, Eidg. Finanzverwaltung, Öffentliche Finanzen der Schweiz;nach Abzug der Bundes- und Kantonsbeiträge, ohne Doppelzählungen

Page 40: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 40 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Administrative density 2001 & variation 1985-2001

Densité administrative (2001)* et évolution des emplois de la fonction publique en % (1985-2001)(Classement dans l'ordre décroissant de la densité administrative; secteur primaire inclu)

14.5%

0.1%

-40.0%-35.0%-30.0%-25.0%-20.0%-15.0%-10.0%

-5.0%0.0%5.0%

10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%

FR UR GE BE BS NE AR SH GL TI JU VD ZH AI GR LU OW SG BL VS NW AG SO TG SZ ZG CH

Source: OFS, RFE 2001 (Secteur public: Confédération + Cantons + communes); *En pourcent de la population active.

Densité administrative 2001 Evolution 2001/1985

Page 41: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 41 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Administrative density according to institutional level (central, cantons, municipalities)

Densité administrative* selon le niveau administratif 2001 (en EPT)

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.011.012.013.0

AG AI AR BE BL BS FR GE GL GR JU LU NE NW OW SG SH SO SZ TG TI UR VD VS ZG ZH CH

Source: OFS, RFE 2001; * Part (%) des employés du secteur public par rapport à la population active; Secteur primaine exclu.

%

Employés du secteur public cantonal pour 100 actifs EPT

Employés du secteur public communal pour 100 actifs EPT

Employés de la Confédération pour 100 actifs EPTEmployés des organisations de droit public pour 100 actifs EPT

Cantons

Page 42: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 42 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Administrative density accordingto size and culture 2000Total p. 100 inhabitants (Confédération, cantons, communes)

2.29

3.22

4.04

2.43

3.122.91

3.32 3.45

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

1. >425'000 2. 230'000-380'000

3. 160'000-215'000

4. 50'000-115'000

5. 13'000-40'000

1. allemand 2. français 3. italien

Confédération Cantons Communes

Page 43: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 43 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

PA employees 2001 (FTE) Emplois du secteur public (en EPT) selon le domaine d'activité 2001

753 Securité sociale obligatoire;

1.8%

801 Préscolarité, ens. primaire;

13.4%

802 Enseignement secondaire; 12.4%

803 Enseignement supérieur; 8.2%

852 Activités vétérinaires; 0.1%

853 Activités sociales; 7.8%

752 Affaires étrangères,

défense; 15.5%804 Formation

d'adultes, a. ens.; 0.5%

751 Adm. générale, sécurité sociale, activités éconon.;

18.6%

851 Activ. pour la santé humaine;

21.8%

Source: OFS, RFE 2001

Page 44: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 44 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Cantonal administration only(129’000 FTE) 2005

Administations cantonales 2005 (EPT)

751 Administration publique; 30'855; 23%

753 Sécurité sociale obligatoire; 1'166; 1%

802 Enseignement secondaire; 30'659; 24%

803 Enseignement supérieur; 21'470; 17%

752 Affaires étrangères, défense, justice, sécurité et ordre publique; 30'622;

24%

801 Pré-scolarité et enseignement primaire;

8'396; 6%

852 Activités vétérinaires; 65; 0%

851 Activités pour la santé humaine; 1'493; 1%

853 Action sociale; 4'148; 3%804 Formation d'adulte et

autres activités d'enseignement; 797; 1%

Page 45: Delegation from the Philippines to Switzerland IDHEAP ...€¦ · Capacity Building Comparative analysis of public administration in Switzerland Dr. Christophe Koller, Project leader,

| Diapositive 45 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Education, health & social action sectors

G 1: Effectifs cantonaux du secteur public pour l'éducation, la santé et l'action sociale (EPT), 1998-2001*

ZH ZH

ZH

BE

BE

VD

VD

AG

AG

SG

SG

SG

GE

GE

GE

LU

LU

LU

TI

TI

TI

VS

BL

BL

SO

SO

FR

FR

TG

BS

BS

GR

GR

NE

NE

BE

0

5'000

10'000

15'000

20'000

25'000

30'000

35'000

40'000

45'000

50'000

55'000

60'000

65'000

70'000

75'000

80'000

85'000

90'000

95'000

100'000

Education,recherche1998-2001

Santé 2001 Actionsociale

2001

GL, UR,OW, AINW

AR

JU

SH

ZG

SZ

NE

GR

BS

TG

FR

SO

BL

VS

TI

LU

GE

SG

AG

VD

BE

ZH

ZH ZH

ZH ZH

BE BE

BE BE

VDVD VD

VD

AG AG AG

AG

SG SG SG

SG

GEGE

GE

GE

LU

LULU

LU

TITI

TI TIVSVS

VSVS

BLBL

BL

BLSO SO

SOSOFR FR FRFR

TG TGTG

BS BS BS BS

GRGR

GR

GR

NENE

NESZSZ

SZ

ZG SHSH

JUJUAR

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

Population%

Education,recherche1998-2001

Santé 2001 Actionsociale

2001

GL, UR,OW, AI

NW

AR

JU

SH

ZG

SZ

NE

GR

BS

TG

FR

SO

BL

VS

TI

LU

GE

SG

AG

VD

BE

ZH

* Répartition en nombre absolu (N=201'426 EPT [éducation: 97'049; santé: 77'042; action sociale: 27'335]) et en % (201'426=100%); tri selon la taille de la population cantonale Sources: OFS, Statistique des enseignants; OFS, Recensement fédéral des entreprises 2001. Etablissements et emplois par canton, privé, public NOGA 1995 (division 85, santé et activités sociales).

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Employees decentralisation 2001-2005(central administration)

Degré de décentralisation (I) des emplois publics 2001-2005

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0A

G

LU AR

SG SH TG SZ

ZH GR

OW VS

ZG GL

SO NW UR BE AI JU TI NE BL

VD

FR GE

BS

Tota

l

2001 2005

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Turn over among cantonal central administration 2004

Rotation du personnel (turn over) au sein de l’administration centrale cantonale entre le 1.1 et le 31.12.2004

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

ZH LUBS** AI

SO AG ZG TIOW

SH*** SZ GR NE GE NW VD TG BE UR AR JU Tota l

Source: IDHEAP-BADAC C3.10b, C3.22j,k*Taux de ro tation du personnel: to tal des départs et des transferts internes (entre le 1.1. et le 31.12) divisé par le to tal des emplo is au 31.12.2004 en EPT.

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%Total des départs et des transferts internes Taux de rotation du personnel*

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Wages 2002 (1): rich cantons pay better

Salaire mensuel brut (valeur centrale) selon les grandes régions et le sexe (secteur public cantonal), 2002

5 500

6 000

6 500

7 000

7 500

8 000

8 500

Zurich

Région

léman

ique (V

D, VS, G

E)

Suisse

centr

ale (L

U, NW

, OW

, UR, S

Z, ZG)

TOTAL

Suisse

du nord

-ouest

(BS, B

L, AG)

Espac

e Mitte

lland

(BE, F

R, NE, S

O, JU)

Suisse

orien

tale (

SH, TG, S

G, AI, A

R, GL,

GR)

Tessin

Sour ce: OFS, niveau et str uctur e des salai r es 2002

fran

cs

Femmes Hommes Total

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Wages 2002 (2): difference women / men (24%)

Salaires de la fonction publique cantonale 2002Différences hommes / femmes 2002, en pour cent

1.21 1.12

1.401.24 1.22

1.36 1.351.18

0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.60

Zurich Régionlémanique(VD, VS,

GE)

Suissecentrale(LU, NW,OW, UR,SZ, ZG)

TOTAL Suisse dunord-ouest

(BS, BL,AG)

EspaceMittelland

(BE, FR, NE,SO, JU)

Suisseorientale(SH, TG,

SG, AI, AR,GL, GR)

Tessin

Source: Office fédéral de la statistique, niveau et structure des salaires 2002

Secteur privé: env. 20%!!

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Women in PA in 2001 in %a) Public sector large, b) Canton central, c) All Sectors

Part des femmes dans le secteur public au sens large, dans l'administration cantonale au sens strict* et dans l'ensemble de l'économie (tri selon le total secteur public)

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

55.0%

60.0%

65.0%

AR LU SH GL BL JU SO AG SG AI FR SZ ZH URNW TG GE BS ZG VD OW TI

NE GR BE VSTota

l

Source: IDHEAP / BADAC C3.10e, f) ; situation au 31.12.2004; OFS, RFE 2001. *Sans le personnel enseignant, de la santé et de l'action sociale; ** Secteur 2+3.

Total secteur public 2001 Administration cantonale au sens strict 2004 Femmes dans l'ensemble de l'économie**

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| Diapositive 51 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Lawful age of the retirement 2004Age réglementaire de la retraite 2004

(Source: IDHEAP / BADAC- ESAC04, C714a,b; prov.)

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

4. B

E [1

]

7. F

R [2

]

8. G

E

10. G

R

14. N

W

21. T

I

11. J

U

22. U

R

5. B

L

15. O

W

25. Z

G

18. S

O

2. A

I

3. A

R

6. B

S

16. S

G

17. S

H

19. S

Z [5

]

20. T

G

1. A

G

26. Z

H [8

]

12. L

U

13. N

E

23. V

D

24. V

S

9. G

L

Hommes Femmes

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3 Administratives structures and modernisation of Swiss Public Sector

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Context : new challenges

Mondialisation => changes, modernisation

Private sector => model for public sector?

Growth public sector CH from 2WW, (>300% from 1WW)

Public deficits & ageing of the population

Receipts to support the economic growth?

Privatization in all OECD countries since 1984: 750 mias $ ; + massive entry of the women on the labourmarket. In Switzerland: cantonal banks (80'), armament, telecommunications (90'), energy (00')…

Deregulation

Fusions / suppressions / outsourcing

Find political leaders? / « elites roles? »

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Administrative structures Ex. 1 Big CantonVaud 2005 (7 depart.; 48 services)

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Administrative structures Ex. 2 Little Canton:Glaris 2006 (5 depart.; 22 services)

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Administrative structrures changes:Towards 5 / 7 « swiss model »

Taille des départements en 1990 5 7 Total 5 7 Total

5 7 7 53.8% 0.0% 26.9%7 1 5 6 7.7% 38.5% 23.1%8 2 2 0.0% 15.4% 7.7%9 1 2 3 7.7% 15.4% 11.5%

10 3 1 4 23.1% 7.7% 15.4%11 1 1 0.0% 7.7% 3.8%12 1 1 2 7.7% 7.7% 7.7%13 1 1 0.0% 7.7% 3.8%

Total 13 13 26 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%Source: IDHEAP-BADAC, D2.32

N cantons selon la taille du départements en 2006%N

Evolution de la répartitition du nombre de départements entre 1990 et 2006, Total = 26 cantons

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156 Departements & 1232 Services

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Cantonal departements & services « shift »(N et ∆ % 2006 / 1990) (-22% & + 18%)

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Profile Services 2001 (number of services pro department) (homogeneity VS heterogeneity)

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Interpretation

Number de services initially correlated with

income level (BS, GE, ZG, ZH) and the degree of

tertiarisation of the economy (third sector).

No clear relationship between NPM mesures &

restructurations (Source: Widmer, Rieder RSP 9,

2003)

- Departements: Corr=0.04; ns;

- Services: Corr.=0.239; ns

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Problem of Multi-fonctionnal departments

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Cantonal Services cantonaux per category 20011228 services regroupés selon 3 grandes catégories 2001

Source: IDHEAP/ BADAC, ESAC02.

1 Traditionnels; 470; 39%

2 Aux ménages; 448; 37%

3 A l'économie; 297; 24%

HH

Economy

Traditionnel

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Services according the fonction 2001(+ class 38 types in a. trad.; b. HH; c. Economy)

1228 services cantonaux classés selon 3 grandes catégories et regroupés dans 38 types 2001

(Ensemble des cantons; N=1228; C1=470 (39%), C2=448 (37%), C3=297 (24%))

9173

5959

3431

2928

191414

1110

691

6353

5140

3232

2520

1715

951

4946

3934

241414

1311

213

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

Administration générale et controlling (1)

Justice, prisons, probation (1)

Police et sécurité (1)

Serv ices f inanciers et impôts (1)

Cadastre et registre f oncier (1)

Militaire (1)

Contrôle des habitants (1)

Personnel et serv ices du personnel (1)

Serv ices inf ormatiques (1)

Contrôle des f inances (1)

Serv ices de statistiques et de recherche (1)

Archiv es (1)

Collaborations intercantonales et réf ormes communales (1)

District (1)

Serv ices de la santé et hy giène (2)

Serv ices de l'instruction publique (2)

Env ironnement (2)

Ecoles secondaires et prof essionnelles (2)

Culture (2)

Hopitaux et (poly )cliniques (2)

Trav ail et aide sociale (2)

Ecoles primaires obligatoires (2)

Sport (2)

Sécurité sociale et prév oy ance (2)

Assurances sociales (2)

Promotion de l'égalité entre hommes et f emmes (2)

Serv ice du logement et contrôle des constructions (3)

Transports (3)

Agriculture et sy lv iculture (3)

Trav aux publics (3)

Marché de l'emploi, inspection du trav ail et chômage (3)

Promotion économique (3)

Energie (3)

Hautes écoles (ETS etc.) et univ ersités (3)

Registre du commerce (3)

Poursuites et f aillites (3)

Assurances immobilliaire et incendie (2)

Div ers

1228 services cantonaux classés selon 3 grandes catégories et regroupés dans 38 types 2001

(Ensemble des cantons; N=1228; C1=470 (39%), C2=448 (37%), C3=297 (24%))

9191

7363

5959

535151

4946

4039

3434

3232

3129

2825

2420

1917

1514141414

1313

1111

109

62

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

Administration générale et contro lling (1)

Services de la santé et hygiène (2)

Justice, prisons, probation (1)

Services de l'instruction publique (2)

Police et sécurité (1)

Services financiers et impôts (1)

Environnement (2)

Ecoles secondaires et pro fessionnelles (2)

Service du logement et contrô le des constructions (3)

Transports (3)

Agriculture et sylviculture (3)

Culture (2)

Travaux publics (3)

Cadastre et registre foncier (1)

M arché de l'emplo i, inspection du travail et chômage (3)

Hopitaux et (poly)cliniques (2)

Travail et aide sociale (2)

M ilitaire (1)

Contrô le des habitants (1)

Personnel et services du personnel (1)

Ecoles primaires obligato ires (2)

Promotion économique (3)

Sport (2)

Services informatiques (1)

Sécurité sociale et prévoyance (2)

Assurances sociales (2)

Contrô le des finances (1)

Services de statistiques et de recherche (1)

Energie (3)

Hautes écoles (ETS etc.) et universités (3)

Registre du commerce (3)

Divers

Archives (1)

Poursuites et faillites (3)

Co llaborations intercantonales et réformes communales (1)

Promotion de l'égalité entre hommes et femmes (2)

District (1)

Assurances immobilliaire et incendie (2)

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4. Conclusions

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4.1 Conclusion: « Compare »

Comparaison gives the possibility to valid or invalid

some general theoretic hypothesis

Swiss federalist sharing is particularly in favour of

comparative analysis (« small Europe »)

To make an example : to take an advantage of the

experiences of the others

Limits :

– Weak political willing!

– Public statistics are very incomplete

=> Multy level analysis (MLA), But Step 1: to describe!

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4.2 Conclusion: « State size »

Weak weight of the state in Switzerland

Exception: BS, GE; ZH, VD, NE, GR, ZG

Historic trend to outsourcing (maximize benefits;

sozialisze costs); New corporatism (para-state

structures; framework conditions»); strong lobbying;

Public-private-partnership (PPP)

The size of the state is not forcely linked to the

population or to the culture but rather to the level of

wealth and to centrality (cleavage cities-country)

– (the two cantons with the highest administrative density are the

two cantons which export the most per inhabitant)

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4.3 Conclusion: employee trend

Public jobs (1945-2005) :

– Relativ stability of public sector according private sector

– Trend correlated with demand!

– High fall in the federal level (40>15%)

– Growth of the middle institutional level (cantons: 27% >

39%) (i.e : GERMANY, CANADA, BELGIUM)

– Stability in the local-level of municipalities (33>35%)

– Fall of the part of public societies (full or partial

privatization); but new public enterprise dynamism from

late 1990’s.

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4.4 Conclusion Modernisation of structures

Reorganizations 1990-2006: – Fall of departements number (-22%) (1 dpt/CE)

– Increase of services number (+18%; particularly AR, BL, GR, NE, SG)

Profil with 5 depart. (13 cantons), 7 departements (13)

Consolidating of directory organs (Chancelleries et secrétariats

de département)

1980-2004: multiplication of tasks, increase especially in the

social and health sectors

Multi-functions (miss unit of the matter) : – 15% of départements et 17% of services; N is not forcely linked to the size

of the canton (improvements potential)

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Bibliography I

Geser (1977, 1981) Bevölkerungsgrösse und Staatsorganisation;

Nüssli (1978, 1983, 1985) Föderalismus in der Schweiz (konzepte,

Indikatoren, Daten)

Vatter (2002) Kantonale Demokratien im Vergleich

Schedler, Proeller (2003), New Public Management

Wiedmer, Rieder (2003) Schweizer Kantone im institutionellen

Wandel

Lienhard et al. (2005) 10 Jahre NPM in der Schweiz

OCDE (2004) Modernisation du secteur public

Schuler et al. (2005) Les niveaux géographiques de la Suisse

1) Administrative structures and State Organisation

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| Diapositive 70 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Bibliography II

Dürrer (1967) Die Entwicklung der Personnalbestandes im öffentliche Dienstder Schweiz

Müller, Grünwald (1983) Die Struktur der öffentliche Personnal in der Schweiz

Du Pasquier (1986) L’Etat englobé.L’insertion de l’Etat dans l’conomie suisse

OCDE (1999) La structure de l’emploi dans la fonction publique de 7 pays de l’OCDE

Kriesi, Lane et al. (1999) The size of the public sector, RSSP Nr 5

OIT (2001) L’impact de la décentralisation et de la privatisation sur les services municipaux.

Emery, Giauque (2005) Paradoxes de la gestion publique

2) Weight of the State and public actors

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| Diapositive 71 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Some interesting Links:

Swiss Federal Statistical Office

http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html

Swissinfo.ch

http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/political_system/index.ht

ml?siteSect=1550

The Swiss Portal

http://www.ch.ch/behoerden/index.html?lang=en

Swiss Federal Office of Justice

http://www.ofj.admin.ch/bj/fr/home/themen/staat_und

_buerger/foederalismus2.html

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5. BADAC – Ressources Online

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| Diapositive 73 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Fast everything online www.badac.ch(pdf of excel format)

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| Diapositive 74 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Methode et sample surveysESAC 1991

ESAC 1997

ESACV 1999

ESAC 2002

ESAC 2004

Population

sous-population (dépt./services)

Type d’enquête

26

208 dpt 1070 serv.

Recensement(3 degrés)

papier

26

186 dpt 1054

Recensement(3 degrés)

papier

122

386 dpt 814

Echantillon (3 degrés)

papier

26

169 dpt 1242

Recensement(2 degrés) online

26 -

(1242)

Recensement (1 degré) online

Taux

réponses

Nb questions

96%

187 3 questionnaires

(122/40/12)

100%

155 3 questionnaires

(122/23/10

51%

57 3 questionnaires

(39/8/8)

100%

179 (143/36)

100%

189 (dont 10-20% précodées)

Durée de la récolte

2,5 ans 1,5 ans 1 an 8 mois (y.c préenquête

et rappels)

6 mois

Année(s) de référence

1990, 1991

1996, 1997

1999

2001

2004

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| Diapositive 75 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Online Questionnaire (ESAC04):Swiss Cantonal Administration Survey 2004

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| Diapositive 76 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

BADAC Keys Indicators & tables

Keys indicators (cantons & towns):

http://www.badac.ch/FR/tableaux/chiffrescles_cant

ons/chiffrescles.htm

Other indicators (cantons & towns)

http://www.badac.ch/FR/tableaux/cantons/index_a

ll.html

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| Diapositive 77 || ©IDHEAP [email protected] | | 08/06/2007 |

Technical Solutions =Open sources

GNU/Linux : LAMP– Linux (système d’exploitation)

– Apache (server web)

– MySQL (database)

– Php (language of programmation)

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Surveys- framework

1 Personal Access2 Responses to the questions

3 Validation

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Surveys - Management

3 MYSQL

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Capacity building…

thank you for your attention

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IDHEAP :: BADAC :: fabric | ch

IDHEAP – BADAC

Christophe Koller, Project leader

E. [email protected]

T. 021 557 40 67

Glenda Guillaume-Gentil (coll. scient., IDHEAP)

E. [email protected]

T. 021 557 40 62

Nils Heuberger (coll. scient., IDHEAP)

E. [email protected]

T. 021 557 40 65

http://www.badac.ch

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Christophe Guignard, CEO

E. [email protected]

T. 021 351 1020

Stéphane Carion, CTO

E. [email protected]

T. 021 351 1020