delegate’s - al bateen academy model united nations · 2018-09-05 · position paper: paragraph...
TRANSCRIPT
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Delegate’s
Guide
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Contents
What is the Model United Nations……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
Acronyms……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
Glossary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
Participants in the Model United Nations……………………………………………………………………………..10
Preparation for the conference…………………………………………………………………………………………….10
Research on countries…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Research on an Organization………………………………………………………………………………………
Research on conference topics……………………………………………………………………………………
Resolution…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….12
How to write a resolution?..............................................................................................
Operative and Perambulatory clauses………………………………………………………………………..
A Sample Resolution……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Position Paper………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
How to write a position Paper…………………………………………………………………………………….
Sample ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Opening speech……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
How to write an Amendment………………………………………………………………………………………………22
Debate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23
How debate works……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Tips ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Lobbying and Merging………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23
Motions and Points…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….24
Yielding………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24
Attire………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25
Resources…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..26
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What is the Model United Nations?
Security Council The main concern of the Security Council is to maintain international peace and security. The
establishment of peacekeeping operations, international sanctions, and the authorization of
military actions are the main issues addressed in this forum, outlined by the UN.
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ECOSOC
ECOSOC is concerned with the economy, social, and environmental challenges of the world. It
represents 54 member countries. The ECOSOC serves as the central forum for discussing
international economic and social issues, and for formulating policy recommendations addressed
to member states and the United Nations system.
Human Rights commission
HRC is an inter-governmental body within the UN responsible for strengthening, promoting and
the protection of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. It has the ability
to discuss all human rights issues and the situations that requires its attention throughout the
year.
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Acronyms
AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States
CSO Civil society organizations
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
G77 Group of 77
GA General Assembly
GRULAC Latin American and Caribbean Group
ICJ International Court of Justice
IGO Intergovernmental organization
ILO International Labour Organization
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
LMDG Like Minded Mega-Diverse Group
MUN Model United Nations
NAM Non-Aligned Movement
NCCA National Collegiate Conference Association
NGO Non-governmental organization
NMUN National Model United Nations
OPCW Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
PGA President of the General Assembly
SAPF Specialized Agencies, Programs and Funds
SEED Sustainable Environmental Education Development
SC Security Council
SG Secretary-General
UN United Nations
UNBISNET United Nations Bibliographic Information System
UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research
UNODS United Nations Official Documents System
WEOG Western Europe and Others Group
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Glossary
Abstention A vote during the voting process; to abstain is
to be considered as not voting. An abstention
does contribute to the passage of a draft
resolution/report segment. Note: Member
States may only abstain if they are “Present”
during formal roll call. Example: A draft
resolution that received 30 votes in favor, 10
votes against, and 40 abstentions would still
pass due to a larger number of votes in favor,
as compared to votes against.
Appeal of the Chair A motion to challenge the decision of the
Chair and refers to a specific NMUN rule.
Chair Persons who are in charge of leading the
committee’s formal debate in accordance to
the NMUN Rules of Procedure.
Economic and Social Council The Economic and Social Council is the
principal organ of the UN responsible for the
economic and social work of the organization.
Explanation of Vote Allows a sponsor of a draft resolution/report
segment to explain why they voted against the
draft resolution/report segment after it had
been amended or changed by a division of the
question
Friendly Amendments Amendments proposed by ALL the sponsors
of a draft resolution; once approved by the
Dais these amendments are automatically
included in the draft resolution
General Assembly The main deliberative organ of the UN system,
comprised of all Member States of the UN.
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Majority Vote A threshold at which many motions pass. A
motion passes with majority vote if more
people vote yes than vote no (in the case of
substantive votes, ignore abstentions). To
determine if something passes, compare yes
votes to no votes only. Tie votes fail.
Model United Nations Educational conferences that simulate the
purpose and practices of the UN.
Motion A request to do something during formal
debate; motions are voted on by the body (see
below). Procedural: all members of the
committee vote; Substantive: only Member
States vote.
Motion Out of Order An incorrect (non-NMUN) motion or a
motion used at the incorrect time during the
conference.
National Model United Nations An experiential education program in which
groups of students are organized as
delegations and are assigned to play the role
of Member States of the UN.
Non-governmental organization NGOs, also known as civil society
organizations or CSOs, are nonprofit groups
independent from governments. Normally
organized around specific issues, NGOs
deliver a variety of public and humanitarian
services.
Operative Clauses Proposes a new measure(s) and/or an
extension of an existing measure(s), which
has not already been outlined in a previous
resolution.
Point of Order Corrects an error in procedure and refers to an
NMUN specific rule.
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Perambulatory Clause Sets up historical context and relevant
international law for a resolution, which
justifies future action.
Present Establishes a delegation as present in the
committee, with the opportunity to abstain
during substantive votes.
Present and Voting Establishes a delegation as present in the
committee. There is no opportunity to abstain
during substantive votes; delegations must
vote “yes” or “no.”
Principal Organs Principal Organs are established pursuant to
the Charter of the United Nations. There are
six principal organs of the UN: the General
Assembly (Art. 9), the Security Council (Art.
23), the Economic and Social Council (Art.
61), the Trusteeship Council (Art. 86), the
International Court of Justice (Art. 92), and
the Secretariat (Art. 97). Each organ
maintains its own area of responsibility from
international peace and security (Security
Council) to human rights and economic
affairs (ECOSOC). The only organ that is
currently inactive is the Trusteeship Council.
Programs and Funds Programs and Funds are established pursuant
to Article 22 of the Charter of the United
Nations in order to meet needs not envisaged
in the founding of the UN, such as addressing
the needs of Palestinian refugees,
development assistance, food aid, or the
environment. They are subordinate to the UN,
but since they are immediately controlled by
distinct inter-governmental bodies and are
financed through voluntary contributions
rather than assessed contributions.
Proposal In the NMUN Rules of Procedure, “proposal” means any
working paper, draft resolution or draft report segment, an
amendment thereto, or a portion of a draft resolution or draft
report segment divided out by motion.
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Related Organizations Related organizations are not officially part of
the UN, but their support and cooperation is
outlined by special arrangement. Related
organization's all have their own separate
members, governing bodies, executive heads,
and secretariats.
Right of Reply Response to comments that have purposefully
disparaged the sovereign integrity of a
delegate’s state.
Secretariat The Directors, the Assistant Directors, the
Under-Secretaries-General, and the Assistant
Secretaries-General, are designates and agents
of the Secretary-General and Deputy
Secretary General, and are collectively
referred to as the “Secretariat.”
Secretary-General Member of the NMUN Secretariat. Chief
administrative officer of the Conference.
Security Council The Security Council is the primary organ of
the UN mandated to maintain international
peace and security.
Signatories Member States/NGOs or Observers who are
interested in bringing the working paper
forward for consideration of the committee.
Note: a combination of 20% sponsors and
signatories or five—whichever is greater—is
required for all working papers to become
draft resolutions/report segments.
Specialized Agencies Specialized Agencies are established pursuant to Article 57
and 63 of the Charter of the United Nations. There are
currently more than 14 Specialized Agencies that have an
agreement with the UN that work under the auspices of
ECOSOC. Each agency has a separate function it carries out
on behalf of the UN; they have their own principles, goals,
and rules. In addition, they are autonomous insofar as they
control their own budgets and have their own governance
structure.
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United Nations An intergovernmental organization
established in 1945, designed to promote
international cooperation.
Participants in the model united nations:
Secretary General: Chief Administrator of the conference and final arbiter in all disputes.
Assistant Secretary General: Assists Secretary General in the smooth running of the Conference.
Chairperson: Chairs Commissions.
Head of Delegation: is the leader among the group representing a country.
Delegates: are students representing countries at the Conference.
Delegation: is a group of usually 4 students representing one country at the conference.
Secretaries: those who help the Chairperson in commissions and the General Assembly.
Security Guards: those who ensure security during the Conference.
Press Officers: Those who gather information and help in the publication of the MUN journal
that gives an account of the day’s work.
Preparation for the conference:
Research on your country:
Country Profile
Part I. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Physical Geography
Cultural Geography
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Political Geography
Economic Geography
1. What is your country’s official name?
2. What region of the world is your country located in?
3. How big is your country in square miles?
4. Who are your country’s neighbors?
5. How would you describe your country’s physical features and climate?
6. How many people live in your country?
7. What is your country’s ethnic composition?
8. What is your country’s official language? What other languages are spoken in your
country?
9. What is your country’s capital? What are some of its major cities?
10. How would you describe the quality of life for the average person living in your country?
11. When was your country founded?
12. What type of government does your country have?
13. Who are some of your country’s leaders?
14. How many people serve in your country’s military?
15. Who are your country’s allies? Who are your country’s enemies?
16. What is your country’s total gross domestic product (GDP)?
17. What are some of your country’s natural resources?
18. What is your country’s currency?
19. What are your country’s major exports and imports?
20. Who are your country’s biggest trading partners?
Part II. Prepare a brief presentation that answers the following the questions.
How do you say “Hello!” in the official language of your country?
Briefly describe the history of your country.
Name one major difference between this country and the United States. What is one important
problem facing your country?
Researching am organization:
When researching an organization, you should know the purpose of the creation of that
organization, basic information including the year it was established and the location of its
headquarters. You must also determine the type of the organization (NGO,IGO,and UNO).
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Research on conference topics:
When researching the topics assigned, develop an understanding of the issues that will be
debated and thoroughly read background materials on these issues.
How does the issue affect the country being represented? What is the position of the represented
country on the issue?
Resolution:
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How to write to write a resolution?
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Position Paper:
Paragraph One – Issue and Position
Utilize this paragraph to clearly outline the main problems associated
with your topic. The point of the paragraph is to provide a basic
foundation as to the current situation associated with your topic. After
generally describing the issue, give your country’s policy regarding the
issue, and state specially why your country supports that policy. Policy
statements can often be as short as stating your country supports a
certain action followed by a detailed qualification regarding this policy
decision. This section of your position paper should not exceed five to six
sentences.
Paragraph Two – Detailed Background Information
This paragraph is an opportunity for you to show the depth of your
knowledge about the past and current situations regard your topic. Be
sure to discuss:
▪ Historical origin of the problem, particularly why the problem arose ▪ How does the issue relate to the international community and why is it
of international concern ▪ Previous actions taken to try and solve the problem (if any) ▪ Successes and failures of past actions and why they succeeded or failed ▪ Problems that continue to exist or ones that have not yet been
addressed Devoting two to three sentences per item on this list should allow you to
have sufficiently discussed the topic and to set the foundations for the
final paragraph of your position paper.
Paragraph Three – Proposed Solutions Regarding the Issue
This paragraph is the one that will set your paper apart from the others.
After identifying the problems in paragraph two, utilize this paragraph to
list your solutions to all the problems you enumerated above. The quality
of your solutions could be a great determinant in the overall evaluation of
your position paper. Be sure to discuss:
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• Specific proposals regarding how to solve specific issues • How each individual proposal will be implemented, including the
feasibility • Global impact of solving the problem or implementing these solutions Mechanically, your position paper should follow the guidelines set forth
by the conference, such as margin width and font size. I would
recommend a few guidelines though to make your paper look and read
professionally. First, limit your position paper to one page, and do not
write about both topics in the same position paper. Write one position
paper for each topic, and print each position paper on its own, separate
piece of paper. Second, place a heading at the top of your paper
including your country, issue, and committee. Feel free to place a picture
of your country’s flag in the header if you so desire.
Sample Position Paper: In the past two decades the rapidly growing world trend has been toward
globalization. With the emergence of the internet as a means of
communication and the increasing accessibility of international trade
physical barriers are not the only barriers withering away. Protective
tariffs are plummeting and free trade agreements are becoming more
prevalent. Romania appreciates that globalization creates favorable
situations for expansion of commercial as well as economic assets. In the
past year Romania has seen a foreign direct investment (FDI) increase of
199%. Inward FDI increased from EURO 234 million in 2005 to EURO 699
million in 2006. However, Romania realizes that increased globalization
does not automatically produce more equality.
Globalization and Development can contribute to the advancement of the
overall international human condition; however, the delegation of
Romania recognizes that without proper regulation the potential for
advancement will remain limited to an elite few individuals, businesses,
and nations. Unless checked and aimed toward the common good,
globalization cannot effectively serve the global community. Crucial in
dealing with the complexities of globalization, good governance must act
with solidarity and responsibility. Romania believes that in involving
people in globalization we must promote moral values, democratic
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principals, inclusive global political culture, institutions that safeguard
both individual civil rights and inherent freedoms, and the common good.
In addition, coping with the influx of information from globalization
governments must act with solidarity and insight. Access to digital
education will undoubtedly result in the confidence of citizens in their
respective administrations and allow for a greater degree of
transparency, and therefore a lesser degree of corruption.
Romania believes the multinational business community has the ability
and the obligation to support pertinent values in human rights, labor
standards, and environmental preservation. As stated by the president,
Mr. Traion Basescu, Romania feels a "heartfelt attachment to
multilateralism, as an effective instrument designed to identify the
adequate answers to the challenges brought by globalization."
Romania is party to the majority of multilateral treaties and conventions
identified as such by the Secretary General in the context of the
Millennium Summit in 2001. Romania has always supported innovative and
effective ways of establishing cooperation within and between regional
organizations. As one of the newest members of the European Union,
Romania is an active member of the World Trade Organization, and looks
forward to offering its support to the redirection of globalization to best
benefit the global community.
Opening Speech:
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Role call
Resolution announced to be debated
Main submitter called to the floor
Main submitter reads operative clauses
Main submitter makes a 3 minute speech about the resolution (why
is it good?
Main submitter answers points of information (questions)
Main submitter yields the floor back to the chair or another
delegate (“I yield the floor back to the chair”)
Tips:
1. Come Prepared.
2. Maintain Diplomacy.
3. The best debater is the best listener. 4. Find a “universal principal” everyone agrees on. 5. Capture the audience’s attention. 6. Use Facts. 7. Capitalize on your strengths.
Lobbying and merging:
In lobbying and merging, you must group up with your allies
You will merge your resolutions to come up with one ready resolution on
every topic
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Motions and points:
There are different points in MUN which have different purposes
Point of personal privilege
Refers to the comfort of the delegate.
For example: “Point of personal privilege! Can you open the window?”
“Point of personal privilege! May the speaker raise their voice”
Point of order
used when there is a wrong fact stated by one of the delegates. You say
“point of order! And then correct them” after they have finished speaking!
Point of Parliamentary Enquiry
Point of information to the Chair concerning rules of procedure.
Example: “Could the Chair please explain to the house what is meant by
closed debate?”
A point CANNOT interrupt a speaker UNLESS it’s a point of personal
privilege due to audibility (voice of speaker)
“Motion to move into voting procedure”
It’s a request to stop debate and move directly into voting procedure
Delegates can agree by saying “Seconds”
It can be granted or denied by the chair
Yielding:
Delegates can only yield once consecutively. One delegate can not take the floor,
speak, then yield the floor to another delegate and then have them yield the floor to
a third delegate.
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Attire:
Formal clothing for both men and women Suit and tie for males
Formal pants/ skirt with a formal shirt for females
Resources
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http://bestdelegate.com/the-dos-and-donts-of-model-un-a-beginners-guide-to-achieving-
success/
http://www.google.jo/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBwQFjAAa
hUKEwjmv8C8pMzHAhVoWdsKHYPlCHQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmun.org%2Fd
ownloads%2FNMUNDelegatePrepGuide.pdf&ei=A5jgVaayMeiy7QaDy6OgBw&usg=AF
QjCNG6BU-_b6EkSuw749OFUD7gvKhfJA
http://www.google.jo/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCgQFjACa
hUKEwjmv8C8pMzHAhVoWdsKHYPlCHQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmun.org%2Fn
y_archives%2Fny13_downloads%2FDelegate_Prep_Guide2013.pdf&ei=A5jgVaayMeiy7Q
aDy6OgBw&usg=AFQjCNEkXuqpXxYuhcbKv9DoCH6C_a_vNQ
http://www.nmun.org/ny_preparations.html
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USEFUL LINKS
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