PART 1: REVISITING COLONIAL MALACCA AND GEORGETOWN 2

Concluding Keywords 3

Summary and Discussion 8

PART 2: THEORIZATION OF KUALA LUMPUR 9

Comparing Colonialism with Kuala Lumpur 12

Connecting Keywords with Jalan Tun H.S. Lee 14

PART 3: COLLAGE CITY 16

Demographics 17

Vibrant Townscape 20

Dominance of Power 24

Representation of Functions 26

Connectivity 28

PART 4: TALES OF WISHES 32

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page 1

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGNBachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

TALES OF THREE CITIES (ARC 61003)Assignment 2: Mapping the Townscape

Report on Jalan Tun H.S. Lee

Name: Aaron Tan Weng Ming ID: 0322400 Eddie Goh 0322915 Jacky Ting Sum Ming 0325286 Khoo Zer Kai 0320500 Koh Sung Jie 0318912 Lai Tzexiuan 0318056 Lee Suk Fang 0323293 Lucas Ong Tun Cheik 0319939 Nge Jia Chen 0317738 Tan Jee Khium 0324827 Tan Jo Lynn 0318518 Teo Hong Wei 0322990 Tiong Jia Min 0323763 Wong Zhen Fai 0317890 Yan Wai Chun 0319626

Tutor: Dr. Sucharita Srirangam

MALACCA:

Harmonious Streetscape As none of the old shophouses were demolished for development, the culmination of styles across time presented by a series of facades that deliver its cultural diversity. However, even though the styles may vary, they still conform to the basic design of a shophouse. Thus, creating a harmonious streetscape.

Axial Dominance The dominance of St. Paul’s Hill, being the governmental zone is obvious with the geographical advantages over the general flat land of the residential and commercial zone. Two zones separated by the Malacca River being the axis.

Transparent Interiority/Exteriority The use of five footways is common in most of the streets of Malacca. The width of the five foot way increases the level of interaction between the pedestrian and the house owner. Thereby, the use of five footway in the streets of Malacca provides a sense of transparency between inside and outside.

Hidden Back AlleyThe perimeter block typology gave rise to prominent row-house facades, creating intimate linear spaces both at the front and back. The surprising contrast between the front and back streetscape is influenced by the width of the road and space usage.

Surprising HierarchyDuring the colonial time the streets are arranged in hierarchy order based on the social and job of the people.This gives uniqueness and different characteristics to each streets according to their linear typology which evokes surprises when experiencing the different culture and activities across the streets.

There is no doubt that both Malacca and Georgetown had a long and vibrant history especially during the colonial era which put their name on the global stage. There are various significant similarities between both the colonial towns which can only be observed if we transport ourselves back in time to that era in order to conduct a more accurate analysis. The urban configuration for both towns were morphed around the colonial rulers’ intention to segregate the races in order to prevent a union among the locals. This was their way to reassert dominance and prevent a rise of power and strength among the local community. The common pattern found was the strategic location of the administrative buildings and military forts which allowed a sense of hierarchy and authority to be instilled to the local community whom had their shophouses limited to a grid form and taxed to prevent inconsistent forms. The grid form was also significantly easier for the colonials rulers to manage. Surprisingly, both colonial towns had a “Harmony Street”; a primary road cutting through the large grid form that houses the religious buildings of each religious community, ironically forming a place of union for the people to come together to practice their own beliefs. Generally, the colonial era has shaped the urban footprint and culture of both Malacca and Georgetown into what it has become today. Imprints and memories of the illustrious colonial past will forever be etched and visible in today’s urban scape of both the places.

REVISITING COLONIAL MALACCA AND GEORGETOWN

PART 1:

CONCLUDING KEYWORDS

Figure 1.1(Top): Harmonious Streetscape.

Figure 1.2(Bottom): Hidden Back Alley.

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Spatial RedefinitionThe diffusion of form,movement pattern fills up the spaces which gives the spaces for users to infill their own intention to the space,privatize, personalize and redefining the new means of space which means uniquely to them.Different styles and religions of the buildings along the melaka street spread and diffuse through every spaces ,giving new characteristics to particular spaces,redefining the new spaces.

Recurring NodeThe existence of the religious buildings like Cheng Hoon Teng Temple, Kampung Kling Mosque and Sri Poyyatha Vinayagar Moorthi Temple along the street since colonial period become a very significant features for the street. They naturally defined the public and private realm along the street. People don’t gather there just for a specific day or because of specific event, to visit there has become a routine for them. So not just the functions itself generate the public realm, it’s about what it meant for the people there. It creates a sense of belongings for the locals.

Inter-generational interaction The road is narrow in Melaka, so that the car would drive carefully, hence the road is safe for children to play around, for elderly to walked safely, for tourist to enjoy travel in Melaka. People walking on the streets can experience the interaction beyond generation, create sense of a togetherness.

Distinctive ValuesThe buildings reflect a mixture of influences which have created a uniqueness in architecture, culture and townscape without parallel anywhere in Southeast Asia. In particular, the range of shophouses and townhouses are exceptional in the inherent qualities from the layering of stages of development of each building type, originating from the Dutch or Portuguese periods.

Social Segregation During the colonial era of the Dutch and British, shop houses of Malacca were taxed accordingly to their street frontage plot width rather than their total area. Besides that, trading products and services were taxed differently by the colonial government. The zoning of Malacca at that time was divided according to different zones such as business and trading activities, agriculture and commercial activities. This shows that there is a segregation in different kinds of social status and social activities..

Disordered Linearity Although the shophouses are arranged in a linear order and the streets are grouped based on their social order and jobs, no two shophouses are the same internally or externally. Each shophouses are designed in their own styles during that period and to their function, making each of the shophouses look like it was randomly and disorderly. This random and chaotic facade along with the order of the streets creates a pleasing sight yet able to express the identity of the place.

Urban Linkage The area contains the common boundaries of two bodies, spaces or phases. It also termed as the interconnection between two system. As the building connections between buildings. From the street planning it define the linkage for human access is the 5 foot walkway that provided in front every facade. The wide pedestrian street and the alley path which not only restrict for human but others to access as well to bring up the urban usage.

Organic Diffusal The predominant area of St. Paul’s Civic Zone sprawls and diffuses into the linear yet organic grid of the city. Suggesting the natural growth of population throughout the transition of a fishing village to the city in the colonial period.

Adaptive FacadesIn a short period of times,Malacca had been authorized by different host,each of them has it’s own character and identity & influence Malacca into multi cultural heritage, make a impressing conversion and gave a huge impact to Malacca.

Figure 1.3(Top): Disordered Linearity.

Figure 1.4(Bottom): Recurring Nodes.

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Frames of Directional QualityDue to the west part of Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling being in an old development area, the buildings are built in an unorganized arrangement. Diversity of road width and random arrangement of coarse and fine grain buildings blurred the sense of direction on the site. The site consisted of fine and coarse grain which caused many dead ends to emerge. The newly developed east part of Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling have a clearer sense of direction due to its constant road width and organized arrangement of fine grain buildings. Users are able to frame the street view from one end to another.

Diversified TypologiesTwo typologies; organized and eccentric arrangements in the area. Governmental and religious building are in point form, which is more significant. Shophouses are in linear form, which are more identical with each other. Grid pockets and linear arrangement of shophouses arranged like a box with private area in the center.

Representational OrnamentationFaçade ornamentations depict the influence and affluence of owners. Distinct economic disparities between the working class and business/property owners. Significant levels of wealth and status in the community at the time. Expression of the evolution of the built environment, economic factors and domestic values of a multi-ethnic community.

Enclosing EdgesHigher topography bounded flat paddy fields from Eastern part of Georgetown with hills and forests landscaped view. Hills became edges disconnecting development in Georgetown from other parts of Penang. Colonial development leans towards Western Part of Georgetown (more flat lands). This clear boundary sets limitation to the locals where the ‘end’ of Georgetown is clearly revealed, confining their daily activities and depth of views to the surrounding.

GEORGETOWN:

Invisible BoundaryReligious buildings act as primary gathering spot for the community. It offers a higher contact intensity compared to the road, a contradicting relationship between one another. The boundary based on the intensifying layers.

Adapting to ControlPlot width varies throughout the shop lots area as taxation and land costs are controlled by government. The length of shop lots are often longer than the width of the shops as a loophole for locals or shop owners to avoid extra tax payment and land costs. It sets the tone for the future built environment.

Dominant RulersColonial rulers instilling a sense of control to inferiors. A large and elaborate scale of buildings create an overwhelming sense of control and order towards the local passerbys. Walking speed is increased as locals do not wish to linger nearby dominating administrative buildings.

Vibrant TownscapesServes the interest of cultivating Penang’s cultural diversity. As a historical site, Penang serves as a vibrant and living ‘museum’. Different ornaments and carvings from the shophouses shows different vibrancy of identity, enhancing the rich culture of Penang.

Welcoming FacadesShophouses in the residential area creates a pleasing streetscape by having a consistent facade design, featuring the five-foot-way that connects to the front patio of the interior. Thus, creating a sense of welcoming to the people on the street to converse at the continuous walkway.

Engagement PatternThe nodes along the axis of Pitt Street encourage movement of users along entire stretch of the street. The formation of the religious buildings on the axis creates a point to point circulation and shophouses as transitional space reconnects the layers. On the other hand, the width of the street shows more public realm and walkability during the daily activities. The grid pattern shows the ease of accessibility and a less confusing pattern that enable the sense of engagement. Thus, the simplicity of the pattern transcending into an engagement on the streets.

Figure 1.5(Top): Welcoming facades.

Figure 1.6(Bottom): Vibrant Townscapes.

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Being the starting point of Malaysian history, Malacca itself has become a museum for architecture, having a diverse collection of shophouses spanning from the Dutch style until the early Modern era. However, they all conform to a set of rules that still defines themselves as shophouses. This makes for a peculiar variety of a single type of building adapting across time. Jalan Tokong, as the name suggests, has an interesting transition where it opens from a narrow streetscape to the temple area where people congregate. On a larger scale, there is a hierarchy between the streets parallel to each other, showing a segregation between the social class.

Throughout our entire study on the town, it is realised that Georgetown is also no stranger to the effects of colonial dominance such as the racial segregation and the Western hierarchy influence on the urban configuration and facades. It was the primary stepping stone for the East India Company before colonizing the entire state of Penang. Most of its imprints are still visible in today’s urbanscape and has influenced generations of culture and growth.

As Jalan Tun H.S. Lee was crucial to the formation of what the Kuala Lumpur city centre is today, it also shows the local community’s resilience in adapting to colonization throughout the decades. Ever since the colonial times, many have changed in the linear street with new high rises popping up in the centre and new community groups moving in to replace old ones. Through our in-depth study on Malacca and Georgetown, we will be able to observe the effects of British colonization in Kuala Lumpur and understand the comparison of the past and present urbanscape.

The center of Kuala Lumpur is the Merdeka Square which has many colonial buildings that housed the local administrative offices were surrounding the Merdeka Square. These administrative buildings were bounded by Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin and Jalan Kuching. The town of Kuala Lumpur and later the city were then spreaded outward from this center. In the present day, the city center at Merdeka Square is the core of Kuala Lumpur history. Some historical colonial buildings such as the Sultan Abdul Samad Building, the Royal Selangor Club and the Old Kuala Lumpur Railway Station were excellent examples of British architectural sensibilities peppered with Moorish spice. Jalan Tun H.S. Lee is one of the historical street in Kuala Lumpur. It is was originally called High Street and then it was also later known as Jalan Bandar. The street was named after Colonel Tun Sir Henry Lee Hau Shik, who was Malaysia’s first Finance Minister. Jalan Tun H.S. Lee is a long street that begins from Jalan Gereja to Jalan Syed Putra near Wisma Tun Sambathan in Brickfields. The street has seven main intersections which run across Jalan Tun Perak, Jalan Tun Tan Siew Sin, Jalan Hang Lekiu, Leboh Pudu, Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock, Jalan Hang Lekir and Jalan Sultan. There are about 200 shophouses located along Jalan Tun H.S. Lee, some of the shophouses were build during colonial times and are reused for cafes and guest houses while others are gutted, sealed and left to rot during present day. The main attractions of Jalan Tun H.S. Lee are the three religious buildings of Sri Maha Mariamman Temple built in 1873, the Sin Sze Si Ya Temple built in 1864 and the Guan Di Temple which later built in 1887. Most people would come to Jalan H.S. Lee for affordable bouquets that had been the hub of traditional florists for decades and many of these florists businesses are still run by the same families that founded them decades ago.

Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia is a modern city with many contemporary high rise buildings and world class hotels, shopping malls and also local and international cuisine. Kuala Lumpur has many points of attractions such as the KL tower, the Petronas Twin Tower, Lake Garden and also Chinatown which is located along Petaling street at the sourth part of the city. The city of Kuala Lumpur started during 1857 as a small mining boom town caused by hunger of the Industrial Revolution for raw materials. tin was found in Kuala Lumpur nearby the Klang River Valley and were mainly mined. The town of Kuala Lumpur during that time grew under the business interest of three officials which was a Malay ruler, a British resident and a Chinese headman.

THEORIZATION OF KUALA LUMPUR

PART 2:

SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION

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COMPARING COLONIALISM WITH KUALA LUMPUR

Figure 2.1: Figure

ground map

surrounding Jalan

Tun H.S. Lee.

Figure 2.2:

Land use map

surrounding Jalan

Tun H.S. Lee.

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The colonial era of Malacca started off with the Portuguese in 1511. The intention was to conquer the spice trades along Straits of Malacca as well as to control over the main Asiatic trade routes due to the strategic location of Malacca port. The fortress ‘A Famosa’ was built after the conquest and missionari es strove to implant Catholicism in Malacca. But instead of dominating the Asian trade, the organization of network was disrupted, as they could not force Muslims merchants from Arabia and India to continue their trading business there, causing the growth of other ports to overshadow Malacca. The period of Portuguese strength in Malacca was short lived as the Dutch soon attacked it in 1641 with the help of Sultan of

Georgetown was one of the first colonized region by the British and it was established as a transshipment port by Francis Light of the British East India Company. Together with Malacca, George Town was governed under the Strait Settlement which became a British Crown Colony in 1867. It was all began with the trade relations in the Malay Peninsula, Francis Light from the British East India Company offered the British military protection while Sultan of Kedah offered the Penang Island. It was then informed that, this great offer benefits the British and Penang would be a convenient magazine for trade.

Johor, who was once the Sultan of Malacca. After the conquest, fine public buildings and churches were built, which remain the most solid facts of European presents. The Dutch has also set up a government in Malacca, as it was important for the VOC strategies due to its location in the main trading route to the Far East and formidable strategic outpost. It was the period where Malacca became the center for peninsular trade again.

Colonialism of Kuala Lumpur begins with the exploitation of tin extraction industry by Raja Abdullah, which started the settlements along the Klang Valley. It soon grew into a mining town of gambling dens and brothels as well as infamous Chinese clans. Rivalry and civil war between the interest parties were soon erupted, leading to the chaos and wars. These caused the involvement of British by appointing Kapitan Yap Ah Loy, the third leader of Chinese Community to restore peace into the mining town. After the death of Kapitan Yap, Sir Frank Swettenham was appointed as the Resident in 1885 along with the completion of railway roads connecting the town to port Klang, presenting the official colonial era of British in Kuala Lumpur.

On the other hand, heritage site and the colonial buildings are in sad state of disrepair under govern of Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur. Responsibility is on the building owners to ensure their properties are in good state. But this promises are seem to be faded. Without the actions taken by the local authority or the National Heritage Commissioner, heritage values of Kuala Lumpur will slowly declining.

Melaka and George Town are two of the historic colonial towns on the Straits of Malacca that demonstrates the accession of cultural and historical influences arising from the former function as trading ports linking the East and the West. Under the World Heritage List and the protection and preservation by UNESCO, both cities and complete surviving historic city centres of Straits of Malacca with a multi-cultural heritage starting from the trading business from Great Britain through the Middle East, the India subcontinent and the Malay Archipelago to China. Both cultural townscapes manifest an adequate state of conservation although efforts are required to preserve the colonial buildings and shop houses.

COMPARING COLONIALISM WITH KUALA LUMPUR

Figure 2.3 (Left): The Old

Fort Gateway, Malacca.

Local children posing

before the Porta de

Santiago. From a postcard

circa 1910-1920.

Figure 2.4 (Right):

Malacca River 1907,

Church of St. Francis

Xavier in the background.

Figure 2.5 (Left): The Port of Penang at Weld Quay in the

1910s.

Figure 2.6 (Top): Original Kuala Lumpur railway station

before it was placed.

Figure 2.7: First railroad station built in 1886 and the main

terminal building built in 1914.

Figure 2.8:

Faded essence

of colonialism

in Jalan Tun

H.S. Lee, Kuala

Lumpur.

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CATEGORIZATION OF PATTERNS IN JALAN H.S. LEE

Figure 2.9: Table of categorization of patterns in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

KEYWORDS PRESERVED FRAGMENTED FADED HARMONIOUS STREETSCAPE (VIBRANT TOWNSCAPE) The shop houses varying in styles but still conform to the basic design during colonial period. The different detailing such as carvings shows different vibrancy of identity.

AXIAL DOMINANCE Governmental, commercial and residential zone is separated geographically by the Malacca River.

ORGANIC DIFFUSAL The predominant area sprawls and diffuses into the linear yet organic grid of the city.

HIDDEN BACK ALLEY The perimeter block typology gave rise to prominent row-houses facades, thus creating intimate linear spaces both front and back.

TRANSPARENT INTERIORITY AND EXTERIORITY The use of five foot walkway provides a sense of transparency between inside and outside of shop houses and it increases the level of interaction.

ADAPTIVE FAÇADE (WELCOMING FAÇADES) Cultural characteristics and identity is molded over times when hosting by different countries in the past.

DISORDERED LINEARITY Linearly arranged shop houses are designed in their own way and to their function. Along the street, they look random and disordered.

URBAN LINKAGE The street planning defines the linkage for human access by the five foot walkway in front of façade.

SURPRISING HIERARCHY Streets are arranged in hierarchy order based on social and job during colonial period

SPATIAL REDEFINITION The diffusion of form and movement spaces gives the users freedom to infill their own intention to the space, by privatize, personalize or redefining a new means to the space.

KEYWORDS PRESERVED FRAGMENTED FADED RE-OCCURRING NODE (ENGAGING NODES) The religious building naturally defined the public and private zoning to the street.

INTER-GENERATIONAL INTERACTION People walking on the streets can experience the interaction beyond generation.

SOCIAL SEGREGATION Zoning was divided according to business, trading activities and commercial events.

DISTINCTIVE VALUE (ADAPTING TO CONTROL) The uniqueness in architecture, culture and townscape are reflected by the buildings built by different outsiders at different times. And the plot width of each building varied throughout the town because of government intervention.

INVISIBLE BOUNDARY Religious buildings contribute to the higher contact intensity at the area.

FRAMES OF DIRECTIONAL QUALITY Arrangement of coarse and fine grain buildings blurred the sense of direction on the site.

DIVERSIFIED TYPOLOGIES Linear arrangement of shop houses arranged like a box with private area in the center and the governmental and religious building are in point arrangement.

ENCLOSING EDGES The clear boundary set by the nature topography limit the local’s daily activities and depth of viewing the surrounding.

REPRESENTATIONAL ORNAMENTATION Façade ornamentation depicts the influence and affluence of owners.

DOMINANT RULERS Large and elaborate scale of the building creates overwhelming sense of control from colonial rulers.

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to the last residential community left, near Jalan Petaling. Being a commercial district by nature, the urban sprawl is non-organic, the residential spaces has been constantly being redefined for commercial usage due to the intense competition in this linear busy district. Hence, the fragmentation results in the very minimal existence of residential community in this part of Kuala Lumpur.

SPATIAL REDEFINITION

MalaccaThe diffusion of the form and configuration of Malacca due to the organic sprawl, creates spaces where people can infill their individual intentions, privatizing and personalizing the spaces. Hence, redefining the characteristics of spaces, giving birth to vibrant and diverse culture sprawl. Claiming an identity uniquely known only for Malacca.

Jalan H.S. LeeThrough the evolvement of time, the shophouses’ function as a mixed residential and commercial use has been fading immensely. Running down

DEMOGRAPHICS

COLLAGE CITYPART 3:

Figure 3.1: Spatial redefinition in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

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Jalan H.S. LeeThe edge is defined by the function and scale of buildings. The streetscape level and the scale of the pedestrian walkway creates a sense of intimacy. The movement and visual continuity along the path which connects with the shoplots, resulted in an informal edge of space, reassure and draw pedestrian into the building.

INVISIBLE BOUNDARY

GeorgetownThe religious buildings are the primary gathering spot for the community. Comparing with the road, they have higher contact intensity.

Jalan H.S. LeeThe streetscape level and the scale of the pedestrian walkway creates a sense of intimacy. The movement and visual continuity along the path which connects the shops creates an informal edge of space which reassure and draw pedestrian into the building.

ENCLOSING EDGES

GeorgetownHigher topography bounded flat paddy field from eastern part of the Georgetown with hills and forests landscape view. Hills became edges disconnecting development in Georgetown from other parts of Penang. The colonial development leans more towards the western part of the Georgetown development. this clear boundary sets limitation to the local where the ‘end’ of Georgetown is clearly revealed, confirming their daily activities and depth of views to the surrounding.

Figure 3.2 (Top): Invisible boundary in Georgetown.

Figure 3.3 (Bottom): Invisible boundary in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

Figure 3.4 (Top): Enclosing edges in Georgetown.

Figure 3.5 (Right): Enclosing edges in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

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because the homes to people from the lower class.

Jalan H.S. LeeThe buildings of Jalan Tun H.S. Lee are seems to be grouped together randomly and disorderly according to their function and style. The buildings are mostly shophouses from during the colonial period and after. The commercial activities seem to mix with the religious activities happening along the street. Each building has different heights, scales and styles from different time zone. Some of the colonial buildings were demolished and replaced by taller or larger buildings. However some colonial shophouses were converted for other uses.

VIBRANT TOWNSCAPE

GeorgetownThe different ornaments and carvings from the shop houses shows different vibrancy of identity and also the cultural diversity of Penang.

Jalan H.S. LeeThe historical buildings and shop houses were preserved but serving different functions with the past. Refurbishment of the shop houses by the owners to attract tourists and locals.

DISORDERED LINEARITY

MalaccaDuring the colonization era, streets of Malacca were segregated according to social order. Religious buildings like churches, temples and mosques were built along Harmony Street. Each religious buildings façades have different decorative religious ornaments from different religions. In Heeren Street, the façade of the shop houses are famous for their ornaments and are heavy decorated which proved it had mostly rich and wealthy upper class people. The façade of shop houses in Jonker Street were less decorative and simple compared to Heeren Street probably

VIBRANT TOWNSCAPE

Figure 3.6 (Top): Vibrant townscape in Georgetown.

Figure 3.7 (Right): Vibrant townscape in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

Figure 3.8 (Top): Disordered linearity in Malacca.

Figure 3.9 (Right): Disordered linearity in Jalan Tun H.S.

Lee.

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GeorgetownThe nodes along the axial of Pitt streets encourage movement of users. Pedestrian walkway and usable spaces are built in front of private buildings within the primary road to allow for activities and creating landscapes.

Jalan H.S. LeeThe nodes along the Jalan H.S. Lee streets created a point to point movement where it comes out with different communities from northern to southern. The community started from retailed shops , office buildings, tourist spots and administration buildings.

DIVERSIFIED TYPOLOGIES

GeorgetownThe typologies are organized and eccentric. A clear linear form arrangement forming a box within gridline and facing outward with private in the center of the box whereas another side of George Town causes randomly and loose by failure of agriculture used to develop. Due to the loose grid formation, the buildings becomes more identical and significant, shows a point form where it comes out with different setbacks , experiences and scale.

Jalan H.S. LeeA clear and continuous linear arrangement of

shiphouses along the Jalan Tun H.S. Lee. The street does intersecting another street created a triangle space as a park for social gathering.

REOCCURING NODES + ENGAGEMENT PATTERNS

MalaccaOn Jalan Tokong/Emas/Besi, religious buildings stands out as public nodes since colonial periods. Their perimeter defines the public and private realms along the street. Occasions are not needed to gather people in these places, as they became a part of the community, its the sense of belonging it offers to the people. The significance of these built forms exhibits the identity of this stretch of the road.

Figure 3.10 (Left): Diversified typologies in Jalan Tun H.S.

Lee.

Figure 3.11 (Top): Location of triangle space park in Jalan

Tun H.S. Lee.Figure 3.12 (Top): Reoccuring nodes in Malacca.

Figure 3.13 (Bottom): Engagement patterns in Georgetown.

Figure 3. 14 (Right): Nodes and engagements in Jalan Tun

H.S. Lee.

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GeorgetownLength of shop houses are longer than its width to avoid extra taxation and land cost set by the government in Georgetown.

Jalan H.S. LeeAs transportation, human needs and experiences is more important in a high density city, the power of planning has been shifted from the government’s plan to functionality. The public buildings and commercial area was built near the transportation hub to allow easier access to public buildings and entertainments. The main method of travelling has also been shifted from walking and private vehicular

ADAPTING TO CONTROL + DISTINCTIVE VALUES

MalaccaThe incredibly diverse mix of different political, religious and culture influences reflects through the architectural style and urban form is unique and unparalleled in Southeast Asia. From the shophouses itself, has exceptional inherent qualities from the layering of Dutch and Portuguese colonial influences. Exhibiting values distinctive solely to Malacca.

to public transportation like LRT and bus, as the convenience of accessing to public transport and from public transport to certain destination have been highly improved becase of the shift of power which focuses to functionality.

DOMINANCE OF POWER

Figure 3.15: Distinctive Values in

Malacca.

Figure 3.16: Adapting to control in

Penang.

Figure 3.17: Distinctive values

and adapting to control in

Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

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ADAPTIVE FACADES

GeorgetownThe facades are the outcome of preserving of heritage shown by our ancestors. Each of them have their own identity & character that adapt & convert into local influences based on the functions.

Jalan H.S. LeeAs an effect of gentrification, the shop facades were refurbished or renovated. The façade have influence by local character, therefore the facade might varies to perform different function. Some become large and welcoming to attract tourists and locals to fulfil the commercializing requirements.

REPRESENTATIONAL ORNAMENTATIONS

GeorgetownThe façade ornamentations depict the influence/affluence and also the economic disparities between the owners. Also, the ornamentations represent the owner’s level of wealth and status in the community at the time

Jalan H.S. LeeThe purpose of preserving the ornamentations is to indicate function and status of the building, where they were separated into religious, commercial and residential buildings.

REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS

Figure 3.18 (Top): Adaptive facades in Georgetown.

Figure 3.19 (Right): Adaptive facades in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

Figure 3.20: Representational ornamentations in Jalan Tun

H.S. Lee.

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Jalan H.S. LeeThe presence of back alleys are still exist along Jalan H.S. Lee.The intimate linear spaces are determined by the same front and back of the facades of building. Due to urbanisation and fading of the culture, the function and activity of the back alley become different from the old times.The back facade are blocked by the owner of the buildings for their own usage. This has caused the back alleys are not longer a circulation pathway, and lose its surprising feelings between front and back streetscapes.

features of the shophouses in Malacca. This feature was adopted when Early Transitional Style shophouses in the 19th century were built and subsequent styles followed. Unlike the early Dutch shophouses which only has a private porch which is always separated, the five foot walkway provides shading for pedestrians and the shops at the ground floor. The northern and southern section of the street still maintains the five foot walkway regardless if the building was newly built or renovated as some modern buildings built still preserve these features, turning them into temporary market stalls or shade against rain and sun.

HIDDEN BACK ALLEY

MalaccaIn Malacca city the back alleys are created through the orientation of rows of shophouses. The intimate linear spaces are determined by front and back of the facades of buildings. It gives surprising contrast between the front and back streetscapes. The width of front roads are wider than the back lanes and the space usages between these two lanes are different. The front road are used as vehicular and pedestrians pathway as connection to the other city. In the old days people also used the back lanes as their circulation path which makes a destination more accessible.

TRANSPARENT INTERIOR/EXTERIOR

MalaccaThe use of five foot walkways is one the main features of the shophouses in Malacca. This feature was adopted when Early TransitionalStyle shophouses in the 19th century were built and subsequent styles followed. Unlike the early Dutch shophouses which only has a private porch which is always separated, the five foot walkway provides shading for pedestrians and the shops at the ground floor.

Jalan H.S. LeeThe use of five foot walkways is one the main

CONNECTIVITY

Figure 3.21 (Top): Hidden back alley in Malacca.

Figure 3.22 (Right): Hidden back alley in Jalan Tun H.S.

Lee.

Figure 3.23: Transparent interior/exterior in Jalan Tun H.S.

Lee.

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creates continuity in the area, as the framed view turns out to be checkpoints leading to the end of the street, or to the street from the linkages.

Jalan H.S. LeeThis street is interconnected with nodes such as: Central Market Pasar Seni, Petaling Street and religious buildings by the side lane and small alleys. The verandah ways are also preserved. There is a landscaped public meeting area built for better experiences and also reduced the congestions at this busy road. Besides that, there are bus stations and LRT stations built around this area and further improved the possibility of economic and social interactions along the streets. The linkages also improved the urban usage of the whole town. The visual qualities also keep changing when you make a turn from one lane to another. So there is no fixed here-ness and there-ness along the street.

FRAMES OF DIRECTIONAL QUALITY

GeorgetownUnorganized urban grain and diversity of road width at the west side blurring sense of direction. Organized grid pattern at the east side allows street view to be framed from one end to another.

Jalan H.S. LeeLinear form of Jalan Tun H.S.Lee Creates a long street alongside with series of shophouses, which frames the views at the end of the street or turning point. The framed view on the street helps creating better directional quality and continuity which

URBAN LINKAGE

MalaccaUrban linkage are the infrastructures supporting flows from, to and between nodes. The lowest level of linkage includes streets. In Malacca, the streets are planned in a way to improve the movement of both pedestrian and vehicular. The easy access for human and vehicular will support and improve the urban usage. The small alleys also joined the nodes of Jonker Street and Harmonious Street together, at the same time it generates an economic and social engagement between locals and tourists.

Figure 3.26 (Top): Urban linkage in Malacca.

Figure 3.27 (Right): Urban linkage in Jalan Tun H.S. Lee.

Figure 3.24 (Top): Frames of directional quality in

Georgetown.

Figure 3.25 (Right): Frames of directional quality in Jalan

Tun H.S. Lee.

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Georgetown would be a better and preferred colonial town that is still preserved by UNESCO, to be studied and as a quality experiential town to live in. Rich cultural legacy and heritage remind the background and history of the town, from there, moral values and lessons can be extracted through the self-experience in this well preserved heritage site. Not just the colonialism characteristics that is preserved, the sense of welcoming and community of the heritage site are kept in every buildings.

- Yan Wai Chun

Georgetown, Penang would be my favorite city, with the rich culture of different eras has many influence in the architecture of the building which gives them an identity to the city. The traditional five-foot walkway serve as a buffer zone between the shophouses and the vehicular pathways. It creates a sense of interaction between the user and the environment. The pedestrian walkway links to most of the places around Georgetown, as the distance between the point of contact are very close to each other.

- Tiong Jia Min

Georgetown, Penang remains the favorite town of choice as it is well preserved in terms of its cultural essence and heritage color in buildings. The practice of conserving cultural buildings by the government and the UNESCO enables the exposure of rich cultural background towards the education associations, understanding different practices of different cultures. Walkability of streets also has made the atmosphere more welcoming, allowing pedestrians to experience the essence of place.

- Tan Jo Lynn

TALES OF WISHES

PART 4:

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Among the three cities, I favour Kuala Lumpur the most because of the vibrant streetscapes and the diversity of human activities in this city. This city seems to be a harmonious combination of the characteristics from the other two cities. Unlike the zoning typologies of different building functions in Georgetown, Kuala Lumpur is a successor to combine different cultures and practices together. Visiting this city allows you to experience multiple culture and human activities all at once.

- Eddie Goh

Among the three cities, I like Malacca the most and it is because compare to Penang and Kuala Lumpur, Malacca has a more multi-cultural society and most of the historical elements are well preserved until nowadays. In Penang, people are zoned into different settlement. In Kuala Lumpur, the buildings or the streets’ identities are remolded into a totally different way because of the desire of locals in commercial events or business purposes.

- Jacky Ting

With globalization spreading like wildfire in almost every major city, its illustrious histories are slowly being wiped away and forgotten. But Malacca is not that city. It may have its large developments but it is not at the expense of heritage-value shophouses and its urbanscape. The priceless shophouses and colonial buildings are well preserved as a large scale museum for generations to come. Malacca is something we all need a little bit more in this ever-growing world.

- James Wong

In my opinion, I would prefer Kuala Lumpur because Kuala Lumpur has its different promising landmarks for tourist attraction and at the same time it provide interests to local alike. For example, the modern designs of buildings co-exist with older traditional architecture that bring out sensibility to the urbanscape. Another point is the movement pattern of this city , the public transport system is well-planned to proritize users and it does create a environment-friendly city. It is very convenient for exploring around the city. Lastly, the mix forms of the architecture has beautify and turn it into a very artistic city.

- Tan Chin Yin

The city I would like to choose is Georgetown, Penang. The rich culture and heritage buildings create an identity of the place which makes the city filled with a strong sense of local culture, and it is strongly kept. The planning of the city focuses on keeping the cultural heritage, and enhancing the public realm to create a better environment for pedestrians, when the best way of exploring Georgetown is by walking. From the streets, buildings, people, culture and activities, all of these elements in Georgetown maintains a very strong historical value, keeping the sense of place, and its identity as a historical site.

- Teo Hong Wei

I would prefer Malacca. This is because Malacca preserve their historical elements better and the historical elements are still useful nowadays. Such as the shop houses are being replenish but it still keeps the styles and most of the historical elements. Unlike at Kuala Lumpur, the historical buildings are there due to its aesthetic, but it had already lost of its function, become an abandoned place.

- Khoo Zer Kai

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If it comes down to a single city to be favored, it has to be Malacca. The reason would be that Malacca is the origin of all colonial cities in Malayan ground. Its shifts of colonial superpowers during the 16th century, heavily influencing the urban fabric of the once fishing village to a blooming colonial city. Inducing vibrant mix of culture and built forms, creating a townscape of harmonious mixes. With the addition of pedestrian scale in Malacca, advocates tremendous human circulation rather than vehicular. Shaping the form and content of this renowned UNESCO’s heritage site, in which today, we Malaysian proudly speak of.

- Nge Jia Chen

I would prefer Malacca, Georgetown and Kuala Lumpur is the city of Malacca. I felt that the city of Malacca fill with historical significance which had mainly influence the culture and ways of living of the local people in Malacca. The culture and history of Malacca had also bring many influences to the architectural styles of Malacca and it gives a very unique characteristics and values to Malacca which have to be preserved so that its stories were never be forgotten.

- Lai Tzexiuan

The city I would like the most is the Malacca city where it shows multi-ethnic community that lived in harmony. Especially the Harmony Street consists of 6 places of worship which has created many public spaces for community to gather around and celebrate. They still preserve this welcoming culture towards people nowadays, embracing their cultural heritage and historic buildings into their own identity.Compare this to Kuala Lumpur city, the sense of harmony in the community has already faded and the shophouses buildings there have been taken by non-local residents for commercial usage.

- Lee Suk Fang

I would choose Malacca because the historical still remain from very past to now and it looks perfectly. Malacca preserve their historical elements well and all of it are still on the spot. Malacca left many historical from such as Portuguese, British and so on. This tell us Malacca has a very well management of city planning , economics and culture. Compare to Kuala Lumpur , Kuala Lumpur buildings are due to its aesthetic , but mostly are lost its own function and identity.

- Lucas Ong Tun Cheik

Georgetown continues to be my favourite city as the form as the essence of the city is protected by its people and the local government, both which played a role in preserving the city, the local culture and heritage. Georgetown combines the essence of Malaysia into a single city, where it is famous for great food, colonial buildings and short buildings as humble as Malaysians.

- Tan Jee Khium

I would prefer Malacca for my tales of wishes for how localised and pedestrain friendly the city is. Due to its rich history, Malacca is the closest “medieval” city we could ever get in Malaysia. It is a mixing chamber of cultures from the Portuguese, Dutch and British and adapted with a Malaysian twist. The status of a heritage site makes it that Malacca is the least vehicular oriented city of the three. Thus, with its increased walkability it is a city that would encourage me to go out and interact with the city more often. With more people outside their homes, I believe the community would function better with the increased contact opportunities.

- Koh Sung Jie

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