deforming the earth’s crust. deformation deformation: process by which a rock changes shape due to...
TRANSCRIPT
Deforming the Earth’s Crust
Deformation• Deformation: process by which a rock changes
shape due to _______stress
Stress
• causes ________ and _________1. Compression: type of stress that occurs when
an object is _______________– Occurs at ____________ plate boundaries
2. ________: type of stress that occurs when rock is stretched/pulled– Occurs at __________ plate boundaries
folding faulting
squeezed/pushedconvergent
Tension
divergent
Stress
3. Shear: type of stress that occurs when objects slide past each other (rubbing)–Occurs at ___________ plate boundariestransform
Folding
• Folding: the ________of rock layers due to stress
1. __________: upward arching fold2. Syncline: __________ trough like fold3. Monocline: both ends of fold are __________
bending
Anticline
downward
horizontal
1. ______________________ 2. _____________________
3. _______________________
1. Syncline 2. Anticline
3. Monocline
Faulting
• Fault: a ________in a body of rock along which one _____slides relative to the other
• _____________ are common along fault lines• In non-vertical faults, the fault is at an ______,
which creates a _____________and ________
breakblock
Earthquakes
anglehanging wall footwall
1. Normal Fault: the hanging wall moves _______compared to the footwall– _________stress occurs
2. __________ Fault: the hanging wall moves up compared to the footwall– _______________stress occurs
down
Tension
Reverse
Compression
Normal and Reverse Faults
A. ____________________________ B.___________________________
Normal and Reverse Faults
A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault
3. Strike-Slip Fault: the break in the rock is _______, but the rocks move __________– Example: ______________Fault in California– Shear stress– NOTE: This type of fault does NOT create a footwall or
hanging wall because the break in the rock is not at an angle
vertical horizontal
San Andreas
Birds-Eye View
San Andreas Fault
Picture Type of Fault Type of Stress Type of Boundary
Picture Type of Fault Type of Stress Type of Boundary
Reverse Fault
Strike Slip Fault
Normal Fault
Compression
Shear
Tension
Convergent
Transform
Divergent
Mountain Building
1. Folded Mountains: Formed at convergent plate boundaries
– Highest, Smooth – Ex: Appalachian, Andes, Alps, Himalayas
ALPS
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS
ANDES MOUNTAINS
HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
2. Fault-Block Mountains: Formed at divergent boundaries– Sharp, jagged peaks– At a fault, block of rocks drops down– Ex: Grand Tetons, Sierra Nevada
SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS
GRAND TETON MOUNTAINS
3. Volcanic Mountains: Formed at convergent boundaries– Eruption and cooling of magma– Creates islands– Ex: Mt. Kea, Mt. Loa, Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Pinatubo
MT. MAUNA KEA
MT. MAUNA LOA
MT. PINATUBO
MT. ST. HELEN