definition of translation process of translating
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DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION PROCESS OF TRANSLATING. DEFINITION AND PROCESS. DEFINITION Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). (Catford, 1965) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION
PROCESS OF TRANSLATING
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
DEFINITION
Translation is the replacement of textual material in one
language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another
language (TL). (Catford, 1965)
Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another
language in the way that the author intended the text.
(Newmark, 1988: 5)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure,
communication situation, and cultural context of the
source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its
meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning
using lexicon and grammatical structure which are
appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural
context. (Larson, 1984: 3)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
ORIGINAL TEXT (source language)
ANALYZING DRAFTING
REVISINGTRANSLATION TEXT
(target language)FINALIZING
PROCESS OF TRANSLATING
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
MAIN PURPOSES OF ANALYZING
Learning the stylistic scale
(degree of language)
Learning the readership
(age, education, gender)
Understandingwhat it is about
(by reading)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
Stylistic Scale (Degree of Formality)
Official
Formal
Neutral
Informal
Colloquialism
Slang
Taboo
(Newmark, 1988)
You can’t feed your face here
Please don’t eat here
The consumption of any nutriment is categorically prohibited in this establishment
Lay off the nosh
You are requested not to consume food in this establishment
Lay off the fucking nosh
Eating is not allowed here
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
Official
The consumption of any nutriment is categorically prohibited
in this establishment
Formal
You are requested not to consume food in this establishment
Neutral
Eating is not allowed here
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
Informal
Please don’t eat here
Colloquialism
You can’t feed your face here
Slang
Lay off the nosh
Taboo
Lay off the fucking nosh
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
STYLISTIC SCALE and TRANSLATION
Official
Formal
Neutral
Informal
Colloquialism
Slang
Taboo
Official
Formal
Neutral
Informal
Colloquialism
Slang
Taboo
Degree of Formality
target language(translation text)
source language(original text)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
THE APPROACHES TO ANALYZING(how do we start translating)
(Newmark, 1988: 21)
You start translating sentence by sentence, for say the first paragraph or
chapter, to get the feel and the tone of the text, and then you
deliberately sit back, review the position, and read the rest of the SL
text. (when you trust your intuition)
You read the whole text two or three times, and find the intention,
register, tone, mark the difficult words and passages and start
translating only when you have taken your bearings. (when you trust your
power of analysis)
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
ANALYZING DRAFTING REVISING FINALIZING
Understanding & identifying
10 PERCENT 40 PERCENTS 40 PERCENTS 10 PERCENT
general reproduction accuracy naturalness
Time Management
METAPHOR and SIMILE
METAPHOR AND SIMILE
METAPHOR and SIMILE
DEFINITION
A figure of speech used to replace normal or literal language in order help
others understand or enjoy the message.
--- The substitution of one idea or object with another ---
METAPHOR and SIMILE
KINDS OF METAPHOR
Dead Metaphor
Living Metaphor
METAPHOR and SIMILE
Dead Metaphor
A metaphor which has lost its poetic meaning and not considered as
figurative language any longer due to its frequent use
examples:
economic wheel – giant step - etc
Living Metaphor
Considered as figurative language and still contains poetic meaning
ex:
An angry sky - You are a rose among thorns - etc.
METAPHOR and SIMILE
STRATEGIES TO TRANSLATE METAPHOR
1. Translation of metaphor by reproducing the same image
2. Translation of metaphor by replacing the image in SL
with a standard image in TL
3. Translation of metaphor or simile by sense
4. Translation of metaphor by metaphor or simile plus
sense
5. Translation of metaphor by simile
METAPHOR and SIMILE
1. TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR BY REPRODUCING THE
SAME IMAGE
laut cinta langkah raksasa
sea of love giant step
roda perekonomian
economic wheel
sinar harapan
ray of hope
METAPHOR and SIMILE
economic growth
pertumbuhan ekonomi
stony silence angry sky
kebisuan yang membatu langit yang marah
Omar Mochtar is the lion of the desert
Omar Mochtar adalah singa padang pasir
King Richard, the lion heart
Raja Richard, si hati singa
METAPHOR and SIMILE
Tubuh manusia adalah laboratorium hidup
Human body is a living laboratory
Jakarta adalah jantung Indonesia.
Jakarta is the heart of Indonesia
Experience is the best teacher.
Pengalaman adalah guru terbaik
Jerusalem is the city of God.
Yerusalem adalah kota Tuhan
METAPHOR and SIMILE
2. TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR
BY REPLACING THE IMAGE IN SL WITH THE STANDARD
IMAGE IN TL
Your car has wings
Lari mobilmu seperti setan
Mobilmu kencang bagaikan terbang
METAPHOR and SIMILE
3. TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR OR SIMILE BY SENSE
Jerussalem is the city of God
Yerusalem adalah tempat Tuhan menurunkan sebagian wahyu
dan nabiNya.
Time has wings.
Waktu berlalu begitu cepat
METAPHOR and SIMILE
Bagai pungguk merindukan bulan.
Dreaming the impossible thing.
Dia ular berbisa.
He’s very dangerous.
The best advice is found on the pillow.
Setelah tidur nyenyak semalaman, mungkin kita akan
mendapatkan jawaban dari persoalan kita
METAPHOR and SIMILE
The pen is mightier than the sword.
Tulisan dan kata-kata memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar dari pada senjata dan perang
Stolen fruit is the sweetest.
Sesuatu yang dilarang itu sangat menggoda
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Makanan yang sehat menjauhkan kita dari penyakit.
METAPHOR and SIMILE
4. TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR by METAPHOR OR SIMILE
PLUS SENSE
Jerussalem is the city of God
Yerusalem adalah kota Tuhan, karena di tempat inilah Tuhan
menurunkan sebagian wahyu dan nabi-Nya. Yerusalem
dianggap sebagai tempat yang sangat suci oleh umat Yahudi,
Kristen, dan Islam.
METAPHOR and SIMILE
Time has wings.
Waktu bagai memiliki sayap, berlalu begitu cepat.
Dia ular berbisa.
He’s a snake. He’s very dangerous
METAPHOR and SIMILE
5. TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR BY SIMILE
Time has wings
Waktu bagaikan memiliki sayap
METAPHOR and SIMILE
S I M I L E
Tempat ini seperti kuburan.
This place is just like a graveyard
Engkau laksana bintang.
You are like a star
Mohammad Ali, dance like a butterfly, sting like a bee.
Mohammad Ali, menari bagai kupu-kupu, menyengat bagai lebah
METAPHOR and SIMILE
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METAPHOR AND SIMILE
Metaphor is an equation while Simile is an approximation
Metaphor
A wire is a road for electrons
Simile
A good book is like a good meal
Cloud is like cotton candy
S H I F T
TRANSPOSITION AND MODULATION
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
S H I F T(TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
“Transposition is a translation procedure involving a change
in the grammar from SL to TL”(Newmark, 1988: 85)
“Modulasi melibatkan pergeseran makna karena terjadi
perubahan perpektif dan sudut pandang”(Machali, 2000: 69)
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 1(transposition)
A shift from singular into plural (plural into singular)
bunga-bunga : flowers
banyak rumah : many houses
tiga mobil : three cars
sepasang celana : a pair of trousers
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 2-AA structural change that involves word-position in phrase
1 - 2 - 3
3 - 2 - 1
rumah - bercat merah - yang besar
big - red - house
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
long - dark - hair
rambut - hitam pekat - yang panjang
splendid ancient electric train
kereta api listrik kuno yang sangat bagus(Machali, 2000)
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
phrase with adverb
1 – 2 – 3
3 – 1 - 2
highly - recommended - system
sistem - yang sangat - direkomendasikan
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
Shift 2-B
A structural change that involves word-position in sentence
Isu tentang HAM sudah kami bahas semenjak lima tahun yang lalu.
We have been discussing the issue of human rights since five years ago
Buku ini harus kamu baca
You must read the book
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
Shift 3 a change in part of speech
noun + noun noun + noun adverb + verb
verb + noun adj + noun verb + adj
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
mesin pembunuh
killing machine
bahan kimia chemical material
partai politik political party
...is categorically prohibited.
…dikategorikan terlarang.
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
in sentence
…… for the pursuit of happiness.
…untuk meraih/ mengejar kebahagiaan.
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 4 from explicit into implicit
(implicit into explicit)
Pria yang berdiri di sana itu adalah paman saya
The man (who is) standing there is my uncle.
implicit
The man standing there is my uncle
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 5from clause into particular type of phrase
(phrase into clause) – (phrase with adjective verb)
bayi yang menangis binatang yang berpikir
crying baby thinking animal
burung yang berkicau
singing bird
Jendral yang senantiasa tersenyum
Smiling General
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 6from word into phrase or clause
(clause into word)
cozy
suasana nyaman, hangat, dan akrab
incommunicado
kondisi terputus komunikasi dengan dunia luar
interchangeability
kondisi bisa saling dipertukarkan
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 7(modulation)
specific meaning general meaning
padi : rice
gabah: rice
beras : rice
nasi : rice
kakak : brother, sister
adik: : brother, sister
SHIFT OR TRANSPOSITIONNAD MODULATION
paklek : paman : uncle
pakde : paman : uncle
assassinate : membunuh
murder : membunuh
kill : membunuh
anggur : grape
anggur : wine
mendengar : listen
mendengar : hear
SHIFT (TRANSPOSITION & MODULATION)
SHIFT 8(modulation)
coining a new term for a series of word
train : berlatih
training : pelatihan
trainer : pelatih
trainee : peserta pelatihan