definition of tertiary level education
DESCRIPTION
What is the future of tertiary education in Jamaica? What are the true costs of tertiary education? Are we where we need to be? Find out in this presentation by Mrs. Maxine Henry Wilson, CEO JTECTRANSCRIPT
Definition of Tertiary Level Education
An institution that offers the majority, if not all, of its programmes at the educational level above secondary school.
Its entry matriculation requirements include:
Successful completion of a specific number of secondary subjects
Definition of courses and levels at which an applicant has been successful at secondary level
Different Types of Institutions which have specific characteristics including:
Admission/entry requirementsTypes and levels of certification offeredQualifications of staff required at each level of
certificationResearch System of teaching and learning
Some Types of Tertiary Institutions
University Technological University Open University Virtual University Community College Teachers’ College Polytechnic Institute
Factors Influencing Cost and Financing
1. Type of institution – research very expensive activity as it is time consuming
2. Levels of Certification offered
3. Types of Programmes offered – eg. engineering requires equipment and infrastructure
medicine – laboratories etc.
Factors Influencing Cost and Financing
Reputation of institution including vale (credibility) of degrees offered
Cost – concept of probability
>Tuition fees Must include constant upgrading of
facilities eg. laboratories, libraries
Why Tertiary?
Financing linked to purposeLevel at which greatest educational value gained based on higher level thinkingTransfer of knowledge and generation of
new knowledgeExperimentation and applicationProblem solving capacity
World Bank Report 2003
Average worker and technology eg. bauxite, m/v requires minimum of 12years schooling to cope with technology at the workplace i.e. to the threshold of the tertiary level.
Current estimates of average years of schoolingJamaica 7.5%Trinidad 8%Barbados 9%
Tertiary Education more than preparation for job market
Should also provide: Perspective on life/civilisation Locate Jamaica and its development in that context Codify knowledge about and around areas in which
we have competitive advantage (eg. hospitality and sport)
Adapt and enhance the nation entertainment for social and economic reproduction
Build a cohesive society with shared values, roles and responsibilities
Private Gain or Public Good?
Will determine level of personal vs public investment (Vanus James 2004) Private return on investment in university education (i.e
3 yrs Bachelors’ Programme) = 19.5% (earning power) in terms of private gain
Social returns (public goods) = 12.3%
Overwhelming evidence – significant gap in wages of those with tertiary level education and those without.
Some Basic Facts
Seventeen (17) public tertiary level institutions
Total enrolment of 74,601 in various institutions
Total tertiary enrolment – 29.5% of age cohort eligible for tertiary
Some Basic Facts
Female enrolments• 5 subject areas with highest enrolment
Business 37%Education 29% (teachers)Social Studies 6%
Liberal Arts 5.4%Computer Studies 4.9%Health 4.9%
Government Allocations – Tertiary Education Budget
Total $12b for colleges with bulk of funding going• CASE• Excelsior Community College• Edna Manley College
Cost
*High CASE: $444,726*Low G.C. Foster College $354,728
Basic Fees (Averages)
• Excelsior Community College - $129,511.74 (Cost Sharing) per annum• Portmore Community College - $109,397.18 per
annum• University of the West Indies (UWI) - $559,831
per capita• University of Technology (Utech) - $156,846 per
capita
Basic FeesTotal Government Subsidies (J$)• UWI $6.2b• UTect $1.7b• Community Colleges $1.8• Teachers Colleges $1.5• Scholarships (including 7 Jamaica Scholarships) $159,839,770.82• Double Option Mathematics and Science (Teachers Colleges)
$64,988,637.04• (10yrs Project initiated in 2002) Vet & Dentistry $241,780,286.67• Financial Assistance Grants $36,750,000.00• Total Approx. J$ 10b
Subvention based on a formula of 75% of economic cost of programme of study
Financing
• Direct government subvention• SLB• JAMVAT• Scholarships/tuition support programmes (government
and colleges)• Commercial loans
- increase funds available
- Lengthen repayment period of loans to make more affordable• Provide greater options for study eg. increase articulation
and pathways • differentiated delivery modalities eg. online distant
Planning for Tertiary Education
No goesGraduate taxContribution scheme