definition integrity comes from the latin word integrare which is to make whole. in mathematics...
TRANSCRIPT
Definition
Integrity comes from the Latin word integrare which is to make whole.
In mathematics “integer” is a whole number and not a fraction.
WHAT IS WHOLENESS.
What you Say What you Do
What you are in Public
What you are in Private
All of these needs to fit together
Saying Public
Doing Private
Family versus truth- Root of Family versus truth- Root of corruption-Icorruption-I
A father and a husband is like
a God
World values surveyWorld values survey
54 countries54 countries 64 societies64 societies Covering 80 per cent of the world Covering 80 per cent of the world Attitudes to family, gender, work, neighbor Attitudes to family, gender, work, neighbor
tolerance, democracy etc.tolerance, democracy etc.
Family values & corruptionFamily values & corruption
o Scale of familism (World Values survey code Scale of familism (World Values survey code book 1994 & World Bank statistics)book 1994 & World Bank statistics)
o Powerful father, docile mother, no divorce, joint Powerful father, docile mother, no divorce, joint family, control over childrenfamily, control over children
o Correlates well with the CPICorrelates well with the CPI.(Regression analysis).(Regression analysis)
o Tribalism- Africa and India- The greater the tribal Tribalism- Africa and India- The greater the tribal loyalty greater the corruption.loyalty greater the corruption.
The man who knew too muchThe man who knew too much
Edward Banfield 1916-99Edward Banfield 1916-99 Social scientistSocial scientist
Edward Banfield- “ Amoral familism”- Edward Banfield- “ Amoral familism”- The The Moral Basis of a backward societyMoral Basis of a backward society
In 1958, Ed, with the assistance of his wife, Laura, In 1958, Ed, with the assistance of his wife, Laura, explained why a backward area in southern Italy was explained why a backward area in southern Italy was poor. poor.
The reason was not government neglect or poor The reason was not government neglect or poor education but culture. In this area of Italy, the Banfields education but culture. In this area of Italy, the Banfields said in said in The Moral Basis of a Backward SocietyThe Moral Basis of a Backward Society, people , people would not cooperate outside the boundaries of their would not cooperate outside the boundaries of their immediate families immediate families
Family values and corruptionFamily values and corruption
o Lawrence Harrison- Extended family –anti-Lawrence Harrison- Extended family –anti-development (Underdevelopment is a state of development (Underdevelopment is a state of mind-page 7)mind-page 7)
Plato's Republic chapter 5: Plato's Republic chapter 5: On matrimony and philosophyOn matrimony and philosophy
Plato- “Children should be Plato- “Children should be institutionalized” –institutionalized” –Republic Chapter 5Republic Chapter 5
This is the only way to have a corrupt free This is the only way to have a corrupt free societysociety
Max WeberMax Weber
o Weber- Family Loyalty and market are Weber- Family Loyalty and market are antithetical -The religion of China- page 237.antithetical -The religion of China- page 237.
Corruption Perceptions Index Corruption Perceptions Index 20042004
Corruption Perceptions Index Corruption Perceptions Index 2004 2004
This table was compiled at the This table was compiled at the University of Passau on behalf of University of Passau on behalf of Transparency International. For Transparency International. For
information on data and information on data and methodology, please consult themethodology, please consult the frequently asked questions and and
the the framework document..
Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***
1 Finland 9,7 9.5 - 9.8 9
2 New Zealand 9,6 9.4 - 9.6 9
3 Denmark 9,5 9.3 - 9.7 10
Iceland 9,5 9.4 - 9.7 8
5 Singapore 9,3 9.2 - 9.4 13
6 Sweden 9,2 9.1 - 9.3 11
7 Switzerland 9,1 8.9 - 9.2 10
8 Norway 8,9 8.6 - 9.1 9
9 Australia 8,8 8.4 - 9.1 15
10 Netherlands 8,7 8.5 - 8.9 10
11 United Kingdom 8,6 8.4 - 8.8 12
12 Canada 8,5 8.1 - 8.9 12
13 Austria 8,4 8.1 - 8.8 10
Luxembourg 8,4 8.0 - 8.9 7
15 Germany 8,2 8.0 - 8.5 11
16 Hong Kong 8,0 7.1 - 8.5 13
Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***
17 Belgium 7,5 7.1 - 8.0 10
Ireland 7,5 7.2 - 7.9 10
USA 7,5 6.9 - 8.0 14
20 Chile 7,4 7.0 - 7.8 11
21 Barbados 7,3 6.6 - 7. 6 3
22 France 7,1 6.6 - 7.6 12
Spain 7,1 6.7 - 7.4 11
24 Japan 6,9 6.2 - 7.4 15
25 Malta 6,8 5.3 - 8.2 4
26 Israel 6,4 5.6 - 7.1 10
27 Portugal 6,3 5.8 - 6.8 9
28 Uruguay 6,2 5.9 - 6.7 6
29 Oman 6,1 5.1 - 6.8 5
United Arab
Emirates 6,1 5.1 - 7.1 5
31 Botswana 6,0 5.3 - 6.8 7
Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***
3131 EstoniaEstonia 6,06,0 5.6 - 6.75.6 - 6.7 1212 SloveniaSlovenia 6,06,0 5.6 - 6.65.6 - 6.6 121234 34 BahrainBahrain 5,85,8 5.5 - 6.25.5 - 6.2 5 5 35 35 TaiwanTaiwan 5,65,6 5.2 - 6.15.2 - 6.1 15153636 CyprusCyprus 5,45,4 5.0 - 5.85.0 - 5.8 443737 JordanJordan 5,35,3 4.6 - 5.94.6 - 5.9 993838 QatarQatar 5,25,2 4.6 - 5.64.6 - 5.6 443939 MalaysiaMalaysia 5,05,0 4.5 - 5.64.5 - 5.6 1515
TunisiaTunisia 5,05,0 4.5 - 5.64.5 - 5.6 774141 Costa RicaCosta Rica 4,94,9 4.2 - 5.84.2 - 5.8 884242 HungaryHungary 4,84,8 4.6 - 5.04.6 - 5.0 1212
ItalyItaly 4,84,8 4.4 - 5.14.4 - 5.1 10104444 KuwaitKuwait 4,64,6 3.8 - 5.33.8 - 5.3 55
LithuaniaLithuania 4,64,6 4.0 - 5.44.0 - 5.4 99South AfricaSouth Africa 4,64,6 4.2 - 5.04.2 - 5.0 1111
4747 South KoreaSouth Korea 4,54,5 4.0 - 4.94.0 - 4.9 14144848 SeychellesSeychelles 4,44,4 3.7 - 5.03.7 - 5.0 334949 GreeceGreece 4,34,3 4.0 - 4.84.0 - 4.8 99
Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***
49 49 Suriname Suriname 4,3 4,3 2.1 - 5.8 2.1 - 5.8 33
5151 Czech RepublicCzech Republic 4,24,2 3.7 - 4.93.7 - 4.9 11 11
El SalvadorEl Salvador 4,24,2 3.3 - 5.13.3 - 5.1 77
Trinidad andTrinidad and 4,24,2 3.6 - 5.23.6 - 5.2 66
TobagoTobago
5454 BulgariaBulgaria 4,14,1 3.7 - 4.63.7 - 4.6 1010
MauritiusMauritius 4,14,1 3.2 - 4.83.2 - 4.8 55
NamibiaNamibia 4,14,1 3.5 - 4.63.5 - 4.6 77
5757 LatviaLatvia 4,04,0 3.8 - 4.33.8 - 4.3 88
SlovakiaSlovakia 4,04,0 3.6 - 4.53.6 - 4.5 1111
5959 BrazilBrazil 3,93,9 3.7 - 4.13.7 - 4.1 1111
6060 BelizeBelize 3,83,8 3.4 - 4.13.4 - 4.1 33
ColombiaColombia 3,83,8 3.4 - 4.13.4 - 4.1 1010
6262 CubaCuba 3,73,7 2.2 - 4.72.2 - 4.7 44
PanamaPanama 3,73,7 3.4 - 4.23.4 - 4.2 77
6464 GhanaGhana 3,63,6 3.1 - 4.13.1 - 4.1 77
MexicoMexico 3,63,6 3.3 - 3.83.3 - 3.8 1111
ThailandThailand 3,63,6 3.3 - 3.93.3 - 3.9 1414
Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***
6767 CroatiaCroatia 3,53,5 3.3 - 3.83.3 - 3.8 99
PeruPeru 3,53,5 3.3 - 3.73.3 - 3.7 88
PolandPoland 3,53,5 3.1 - 3.93.1 - 3.9 1313
Sri LankaSri Lanka 3,53,5 3.1 - 3.93.1 - 3.9 88
7171 ChinaChina 3,43,4 3.0 - 3.83.0 - 3.8 1616
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia 3,43,4 2.7 - 4.02.7 - 4.0 55
SyriaSyria 3,43,4 2.8 - 4.12.8 - 4.1 55
7474 BelarusBelarus 3,33,3 1.9 - 4.81.9 - 4.8 55
GabonGabon 3,33,3 2.1 - 3.72.1 - 3.7 33
JamaicaJamaica 3,33,3 2.8 - 3.72.8 - 3.7 66
7777 BeninBenin 3,23,2 2.0 - 4.32.0 - 4.3 33
EgyptEgypt 3,23,2 2.7 - 3.82.7 - 3.8 88
MaliMali 3,23,2 2.2 - 4.22.2 - 4.2 55
MoroccoMorocco 3,23,2 2.9 - 3.52.9 - 3.5 77
TurkeyTurkey 3,23,2 2.8 - 3.72.8 - 3.7 1313
8282 ArmeniaArmenia 3,13,1 2.4 - 3.72.4 - 3.7 55
Bosnia and Bosnia and 3,13,1 2.7 - 3.52.7 - 3.5 77
HerzegovinaHerzegovina
Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***
8282 MadagascarMadagascar 3,13,1 1.8 - 4.41.8 - 4.4 44
8585 MongoliaMongolia 3,03,0 2.6 - 3.22.6 - 3.2 33
SenegalSenegal 3,03,0 2.5 - 3.52.5 - 3.5 66
8787 DominicanDominican 2,92,9 2.4 - 3.32.4 - 3.3 66
RepublicRepublic
IranIran 2,92,9 2.2 - 3.42.2 - 3.4 55
RomaniaRomania2,92,9 2.5 - 3.42.5 - 3.4 1212
9090 GambiaGambia 2,82,8 2.2 - 3.42.2 - 3.4 55
IndiaIndia 2,82,8 2.6 - 3.02.6 - 3.0 1515
MalawiMalawi 2,82,8 2.2 - 3.72.2 - 3.7 55
MozambiqueMozambique 2,82,8 2.4 - 3.12.4 - 3.1 77
NepalNepal 2,82,8 1.6 - 3.41.6 - 3.4 33
RussiaRussia 2,82,8 2.5 - 3.12.5 - 3.1 1515
TanzaniaTanzania 2,82,8 2.4 - 3.22.4 - 3.2 77
9797 AlgeriaAlgeria 2,72,7 2.3 - 3.02.3 - 3.0 66
LebanonLebanon 2,72,7 2.1 - 3.22.1 - 3.2 55
MacedoniaMacedonia 2,72,7 2.3 - 3.22.3 - 3.2 77
Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Used***
9797 NicaraguaNicaragua 2,72,7 2.5 - 3.02.5 - 3.0 77
Serbia andSerbia and 2,72,7 2.3 - 3.02.3 - 3.0 77
MontenegroMontenegro
102102 EritreaEritrea 2,62,6 1.6 - 3.41.6 - 3.4 33
Papua NewPapua New 2,62,6 1.9 - 3.41.9 - 3.4 44
GuineaGuinea
PhilippinesPhilippines 2,62,6 2.4 - 2.92.4 - 2.9 1414
UgandaUganda 2,62,6 2.1 - 3.12.1 - 3.1 77
VietnamVietnam 2,62,6 2.3 - 2.92.3 - 2.9 1111
ZambiaZambia 2,62,6 2.3 - 2.92.3 - 2.9 66
108108 AlbaniaAlbania 2,52,5 2.0 - 3.02.0 - 3.0 44
ArgentinaArgentina 2,52,5 2.2 - 2.82.2 - 2.8 1111
LibyaLibya 2,52,5 1.9 - 3.01.9 - 3.0 44
PalestinianPalestinian 2,52,5 2.0 - 2.72.0 - 2.7 33
AuthorityAuthority
112112 EcuadorEcuador 2,42,4 2.3 - 2.52.3 - 2.5 77
YemenYemen 2,42,4 1.9 - 2.91.9 - 2.9 55
The fatal evolutionThe fatal evolution
Family/Truth Relationship/Truth
Power distancePower distance is a is a cultural index derived by derived by sociologist Geert Hofstede. Geert Hofstede. • It measures how much a culture has respect for It measures how much a culture has respect for
authority.authority.
Roots of corruption-2
Power distancePower distance it's acceptable for a supervisor to display his authority it's acceptable for a supervisor to display his authority superiors rarely give their subordinates important work superiors rarely give their subordinates important work if something goes wrong, the subordinates are usually if something goes wrong, the subordinates are usually
blamed for not doing their proper job/role blamed for not doing their proper job/role managers rarely interact or socialize with workers managers rarely interact or socialize with workers teachers are treated respectfully teachers are treated respectfully local politics are prone to totalitarianism local politics are prone to totalitarianism class distinctions are emphasized class distinctions are emphasized parents are more highly respected and corporal parents are more highly respected and corporal
punishment is more common punishment is more common revolutions are, or were, common revolutions are, or were, common
Power DistancePower Distance
• The Arab nations, Latin America, Russia, and The Arab nations, Latin America, Russia, and nearly all of Asia (especially India and China) nearly all of Asia (especially India and China) are high in power distance. are high in power distance.
• Most of Europe, Canada, Australia and Israel Most of Europe, Canada, Australia and Israel are low in power distance. are low in power distance.
• Japan and Mediterranean-Europe fall in the Japan and Mediterranean-Europe fall in the middle range.middle range.
What is important..What is important..
Values ORValues OR
PowerPower
Countries with more power distance have Countries with more power distance have more corruptionmore corruption
Once upon a time all the Once upon a time all the known gods & goddesses known gods & goddesses
had no….valueshad no….values• All the known gods & goddesses had All the known gods & goddesses had
power ascribed to them but no power ascribed to them but no value.value.
Roman pantheonRoman pantheonAPPOLLO – God of sun, plague, APPOLLO – God of sun, plague,
lightlightCaesar Augustus called himself the son of AppolloCaesar Augustus called himself the son of Appollo
Appollo – god Appollo – god of sun, of sun,
plague, lightplague, light
Bacchus god Bacchus god of wine & of wine &
agricultureagriculture
Ceres – godesses of Ceres – godesses of growing plants & growing plants &
cereals (for worship cereals (for worship in famine) (Tying in famine) (Tying
lighted brands to the lighted brands to the tails of foxes)tails of foxes)
CUPID – god of CUPID – god of erotic love erotic love
pranks (Son of pranks (Son of Venus) Gold Venus) Gold
headed arrows headed arrows Lead for Lead for hatredhatred
Diana – Diana – goddess of goddess of
chastity/huntinchastity/hunting Freemasons g Freemasons worship her.worship her.
Fortuna Fortuna goddess of goddess of
luck. luck. Shakespeare Shakespeare
makes & makes & reference to reference to lady fortunelady fortune
Janus – god of Janus – god of gates door gates door
beginnings & beginnings & endend
Jupiter war Jupiter war lightening Jove lightening Jove very powerful very powerful
godgod
Greek PantheonGreek Pantheon
Hades – god of Hades – god of the underworldthe underworld
Hermes god of Hermes god of commerce commerce
interpreting with interpreting with foreign traders foreign traders
oratory oratory Hermeneutics-Hermeneutics-
science of science of interpretationinterpretation
Ares-god of Ares-god of war-same as war-same as
marsmars
Athena Battle Athena Battle strategy strategy weavingweaving
Aphrodite Aphrodite goddess of goddess of
love & beauty love & beauty Temple Temple
prostitutes prostitutes
ARTEMIS/Diana ARTEMIS/Diana fertility fertility goddess goddess childbirth childbirth EphesiansEphesians
Power gods versus Value Power gods versus Value GodGod
When you worship power gods the When you worship power gods the culture has high power distance and culture has high power distance and becomes corruptedbecomes corrupted
The Judeo-Christian God is the only The Judeo-Christian God is the only God I know who is primarily a value God I know who is primarily a value God.God.
Shame versus guiltShame versus guilt
Guilt happens in cultures which have low Guilt happens in cultures which have low power distance. These produce less power distance. These produce less corruption.corruption.
Shame happens when exposed (in cultures Shame happens when exposed (in cultures with high power distance). Related to with high power distance). Related to higher corruption levels.higher corruption levels.
Guilt- acts from within.Guilt- acts from within. Shame acts from without.Shame acts from without.
Philippians 2.5-8Philippians 2.5-8
Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.death, even the death of the cross.
Justice/PowerJustice/Power
Jesus changed the paradigmJesus changed the paradigm
POWER Value
TransparencyTransparency
Related to “Social capital”- the more Related to “Social capital”- the more trusted friends the more openness trusted friends the more openness needed.needed.
Trustedfriends
SENSE OF COMMUNITYSENSE OF COMMUNITY
IMPACT ON HEALTH/ ECONOMICS
ACCORDING TO FRANCIS FUKUYOMA.
Author of book on Trust
THE ORTHODOX INDIAN THE ORTHODOX INDIAN CONTEXTCONTEXT
SOLITARY WORSHIP
LOW TRUST SOCIETIES
LESS SPONTANEOUSSOCIALIBILITY
LESS SOCIAL CAPITAL
FAMILY BUSINESS ONLY
LESS WEALTH CREATION
JUDEO CHRISTIAN JUDEO CHRISTIAN CONTEXTCONTEXT
COMMUNITY WORSHIP
HIGH TRUST SOCIETIES
MORE SPONTANEOUS SOCIALIBILITY
MORE SOCIAL CAPITAL
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATE BUSINESS
MORE WEALTH CREATION
INDIVIDUAL WORSHIPINDIVIDUAL WORSHIP
I sit here and worship my god I sit here and worship my god alone…this is my temple.alone…this is my temple.I perform all the rites of worship I perform all the rites of worship to gods like Ganga, etc…in the to gods like Ganga, etc…in the morning and evening.morning and evening.
Cont.Cont.
TransparencyTransparency
High trust societies have a higher social High trust societies have a higher social capital capital
High social capital compels transparencyHigh social capital compels transparency
Transparency reduces corruptionTransparency reduces corruption
Roots of corruptionRoots of corruption
FamilismPower
Power
Lack of social capital