Define regulation.

Textbook pgs. Pgs621 -627 p. 621 vocab and Q’s 1-4

COORDINATION & COORDINATION & CONTROLCONTROL OF LIFE ACTIVITIES.

ACHIEVED BY BOTH:BOTH: ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS SYSTEMSSYSTEMS WORKING TOGETHER

CONSIST OF GLANDSGLANDS WORK TOGETHER

TO MAINTAIN STABLE INTERNAL BALANCE. How??How??

PERMIT ANIMALS TO RESPOND TO INTERNAL and EXTERNAL CHANGES.

are glands that secrete their

product directly into the

bloodstream rather than through a duct

Are chemical messengers that carries a signal from one cell (or group of cells) to another via the blood

Hormones regulate the function of their target cells

A hormone receptor is a receptor protein on the surface of a cell or in its interior that binds to a specific hormone

Textbook pgs. 621-625 vocab and Q’s 1-4

A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that allows them to work effectively with other organic molecules is their

specific shape small size concentration of carbon and hydrogen atoms high-energy bonds

Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals?

starches and simple sugars subunits of DNA vitamins and minerals receptor molecules

1. OVERALL METABOLISM1. OVERALL METABOLISM

2. MAINTENANCE OF 2. MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASISHOMEOSTASIS

3. GROWTH3. GROWTH

4. REPRODUCTION4. REPRODUCTION

ENDOCRINE

GLANDS

is located just above the brain stem

Controls the pituitary gland

The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue and anger

CALLED THE “MASTER MASTER GLANDGLAND”

MAKES HORMONES THAT MAKES HORMONES THAT INFLUENCE OTHER GLANDSINFLUENCE OTHER GLANDS

LOCATED AT BASE OF THE BRAIN

about the size of a peaThe pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis

1.Growth hormone 2.Prolactin - to stimulate milk

production after giving birth 3.ACTH (adrenocorticotropic

hormone) - to stimulate the adrenal glands

4. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the thyroid gland

5. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries and testes

6. LH (luteinizing hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries or testes

7. Oxytocin –stimulates the contractions of the uterus during birth

Located between the larynx & the trachea

The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body

The thyroid controls how quickly the body burns energy (called _________), makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones

metabolism

1.Thyroxin2.Calcitonin

REGULATES THE REGULATES THE RATE OF RATE OF

METABOLISM IN METABOLISM IN THE BODYTHE BODY

REGULATES THE BLOOD CALCIUMCALCIUM LEVEL

PATCHES OF TISSUE EMBEDDED IN PATCHES OF TISSUE EMBEDDED IN THE THYROID GLANDTHE THYROID GLAND

producesparathormoneREGULATES CALCIUMCALCIUM & PHOSPHATE & PHOSPHATE METABOLISMMETABOLISM

SIT ON TOP OF THE KIDNEYS

They are chiefly responsible for regulating the stress response

Hormones Produced:

Cortisol and Adrenaline

Complete matching column worksheet

HW: Handout

DAY 2

Epinephrine is a "fight or flight" hormone, and plays a central role in the short-term stress reaction. It is released from the adrenal glands when danger threatens or in an emergency.

It increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels

Nor-epinephrine

Stimulates reverse reaction of epinephrine

Exocrine -> secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine

Endocrine -> secretes hormones into the bloodstream

The pancreas is a gland/ organ in the digestive and endocrine system

Contains cells calledIslets of Langerhans

CONTROLS CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

THIS SECRETION IS CONTROLLED BY THE CONCENTRATION OF CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOODGLUCOSE IN THE BLOODDECREASES BLOOD SUGAR DECREASES BLOOD SUGAR LEVELLEVEL

INCREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL

PROMOTES THE CONVERSION OF STORED SUGAR (GLYCOGEN) TO

GLUCOSE IN THE LIVER

•An ovary is an egg-producing organ found in female organisms. •It is found in pairs as part of the female reproductive system. •Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males.

Stimulates: Stimulates: production of follicles (future egg production of follicles (future egg cells)cells)

onset of secondary sex onset of secondary sex characteristics (characteristics (broaden hips & broaden hips &

breasts)breasts)

Works with Estrogen to REGULATE the female menstrual Cycle

•Located outside the body cavity in the scrotum•Functions -

Production of sperm cellsProduction of male hormone

>>>>>

Stimulates the male reproductive system onset of secondary sex

characteristicsEx. Deeper Voice & Facial Hair

Handout

Endocrine system handout (feed back mechanism)

   A feedback mechanism is a process where the level of one substance or activity of an organ/structure influences another substance or structure in some manner.

Dynamic equilibrium or homeostasis results from the ability of organisms to detect and respond to stimuli.

Temperature Homeostasis

Humans maintain a relatively constant body temperature of about 37° C.

•when we "heat up" we sweat if possible •the evaporation of this perspiration returns the body to its original temperature •When we are too cold we shiver

                                                   

                            

Homeostasis by Plants

                                                       

Maintenance of Water

Do Now: review book

HW: Castle learning (Endocrine system)

When there is not enough of a particular hormone being

secreted creating a deficiency

Undersecretion

A release of an excessive amount of a particular hormone

Oversecretion

(ak–ro–MEG–ah–lee): Disorder in which the pituitary overproduces

growth hormone, resulting in abnormal enlargement of the

extremities—nose, jaw, fingers, and toes; in children, the disorder

produces gigantism.

Women’s hands withAn Endocrine disorderCalled agromegaly.

NormalWomen’s Hand

Disorder in children in which the pituitary

overproduces growth hormone, resulting in

abnormal enlargement of the extremities (nose, jaw, fingers, and toes) and the long bones,

causing unusual height.

Robert Wadlow 8’ 11”

LeonidStadnyk8’ 5”

Bao Xishun 7’ 9” He Pingping 2’ 4”

condition of growth retardation resulting in abnormally short adult stature and caused by a variety of hereditary and

metabolic disorders.

“dwarf” was used to describe individuals with disproportions of body and limb, while “midget” referred to those of reduced stature but normal proportions; today neither word is used, the term “little people” is widely accepted

Hyperthyroidism: Disorder in which an

overactive thyroid produces too much thyroxine, which

causes….

a swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland.

(just below Adam's apple or larynx)

(die–ah–BEE–teez MUL–le–tus): Disorder in which the body's cells

cannot absorb glucose, either because the pancreas does not

produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to the effects of

insulin that is produced.

Type 1, Type 2, Gestational Diabetes

TYPE 1 – “Juvenile”an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic cells are destroyed

TYPE 2 – “Adult Onset”Insulin resistance in target cells

GESTATIONAL – “pregnancy”Insulin resistance due to hormonal changes