defensive driving

7/16/2019 Defensive Driving

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/defensive-driving-5633855253e24 1/61



AL RUSHAID

CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD

RAR ‘06

2

Defensive Driving

When you are at the control of a

vehicle, it is important to remember that the defensive driving is a full-time

job. To be a professional driver there

are many things you must observeand practice.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

3

Driving: There are manyhazards on the road!

DON’T BE ONE OF THEM!



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

4

Safe Driver

Is not merely someone who has been lucky enough to avoid

accidents, but who drives defensively and looks out for other.

Today’s driving standards demand more skill, knowledge and

decision-making ability.

Drivers who are safety conscious have develop good habits and

practice them daily. Every time they get behind the wheel, their

driving record is on line .

They must drive like a professional and be prepared mentally

and physically.

With safe attitude in driving, you will be able to drive w/ sense of

security in inclement weather, on difficult roads and through

heavy traffic.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

5

The single most common cause of these accidents is Driver

Error.

Driving Skills

Its not the car that is safe.

Its the DRIVER.

Make sure you are a safe driver.

Because We Share the road with other People.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

6

Driving

Skills are

skills to

prevent

road

accidents,

despite the

conditions

around you,and the

actions of

others.

What are Driving Skills?



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

7

looking ahead and checking your mirrors regularly;

driving within the speed limit;

anticipating other drivers’ actions;

complying with signs and road markings;

keeping both hands on the wheel;

keeping a safe distance from the vehicle ahead;

driving at a consistent speed;

indicating well in advance when you want to turn;

overtaking only when you have clear visibility;

driving in the left lane, unless overtaking; and

showing courtesy and patience.

Some of the basic skills you need to develop are:

K



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

8

Bad driving habits

using a hand held mobile phone;

eating or drinking;

being under the influence of alcohol and drugs;

turning without indicating;

playing loud music;

driving while fatigued;

lane changing and braking suddenly; and

being rude and impatient.

Some possible bad driving habits include:



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

9

Vehicle control

avoid the edges of the road;

avoid sudden braking;

keep well on the side of hills and sharp corners;

accelerate slowly on wet roads;

drive slower on gravel roads and slow down on corners; and

lower your headlight beam in order to avoid blinding oncoming drivers.

To increase your chances of maintaining control of your vehicle,you should:



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

10

Was this accident avoidable? IT WAS AVOIDABLE!

‘YES’

Don’t Beat the Red Light!



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

11

• Vehicle

• Road

• Driving Environment

• Other Road Users

• & YOU the Driver

Key issues for Safe Driving



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

12

Anti-Lock Brakes

Air Bags

Seat Belts

Side Impact Bars

First Aid Kit

Maintenance Plan

Child Locks

Fire Extinguisher

Warning Triangle/

EWD

Speed Limiter

The Vehicles SafetyDevices / Equipment



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

13

Pre-start checks

K

Engine Oil level

Coolant Water Level

Fuel Level

Brakes

Lights

Tire Pressure

Siren

Side and Passenger Mirrors



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

14

Pre-start checks

Battery Water Level Oil Level



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

15

TirePressure

Lights

Side and Rear Mirror



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

16

Additional trailer pre-start checks

Brake air line connections.

Security of tool and chain boxes.

Appropriate safety signs available and in place.

Breakdown equipment in good order.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

17

Factors that may contribute to truck accidents

HUMAN ERROR;

carelessness;

not following site procedures or taking short cuts;

not complying with the road traffic regulations and rules;

poor maintenance of your truck;

overloading your truck;

inadequate training; and

health conditions.

Truck accidents may be caused by:



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

18

Pre-start checks

fuel, water and oil levels;

tire tread depth and damage (including spares);

the correct tire air pressure;

oil leaks;

any damage to vehicle;

weld joints;

engine compartment;

steering system;

brakes;

head, tail, brake and indicator lights;

windscreen / windshield

seat and steering wheel;

mirrors; and

seat belts.

Pre-start checks include, but are not limited to:



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

19

Identifying handling characteristics

Some of the things to look for are:

steering;

the position of the drivers’ seat;

mirror adjustments;

clearances around the vehicle; and

brakes.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

20

Unsafe loads

Loads may become unsafe because of:

fast cornering;

fierce braking;

insufficient restraints;

overloading;

being unevenly distributed; and

failure of faulty or damaged ropes or restraints.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

21

Articulated vehicles

ground conditions;

correct operating procedures; and

hazards at the dump face.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

22

Before you start: -• Ensure doors are shut correctly

• Ensure the handbrake is on

• The gear is in neutral

• Adjust seat & mirrors

• Review instrument layout /

• Ensure passengers are wearing their seatbelts

• Start ignition - wait for warning lights to

go out

• Warm engine, if required

• Move off and test brakes



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

23

• Absorbs the force of

the crash

• Retains you in your

seat

• Stops you hitting

other objects or being

thrown from the

vehicle

Why do we wear seatbelts?

World-wide, fatalities in traffic accidents have been proven to drop by

50% by making seatbelt use a legal requirement



When seat belts are used, the

risk of fatal injury to front-

seat passenger car occupants

is reduced by 45%

BUCKLE UP - FOR EVERYONE’S SAKE



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

25

WHAT EVERYONE ALREADY KNOWS

A seatbelt works best when … The shoulder belt is over your shoulder, not under your

arm or behind your back

Lap belt is across your hips, not your abdomen

Seatbelts help the driver keep control If you are hit from the side, or make a quick turn, the force

could push you sideways. You cannot steer the vehicle if

you are not behind the wheel. Your seatbelt will hold you

in place. Airbags cannot offer the protection of the seatbelt

Airbags are good protection against hitting the steering

wheel, dashboard or windshield - they do not protect you if

you are hit from the side or rear or if the vehicle rolls over.

There should be a seatbelt for every person in the vehicle



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

26

BACKSEAT PASSENGERS

An unbelted backseat passenger travelling in a car that crashesat 30mph will continue to travel forward - into the front seat - at

30mph. An unrestrained child will probably pass between the

front seats and into the dashboard or windshield.

Backseat passengers who do not wear their seatbelt are likely to

suffer chest injuries, broken ribs, broken hips, broken thighs,

facial wounds, fractured skull or abdominal injuries

Backseat passengers who do not wear their seatbelts are three

times as likely suffer death or serious injury as passengers who

are wearing a seatbelt.

Backseat passengers

flying into the front

seat are at risk of

killing front seat

occupants because of

the impact.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

27

COMMON MISBELIEFS ABOUT SEATBELTSSeatbelts

can trap

you inside

a car

WRONG. It takes less than a second to undo a seatbelt. Collisions where a

vehicle catches fire or sinks in deep water and you are trapped seldom

happen. Even if they do, a seatbelt may keep you from being knocked out.Your chance to escape will be better if you are conscious.

•Seatbelts are good on long

trips, but not important in

town

WRONG. Over half of all traffic deaths happen within 25

miles of home. Many of them occur on roads posted at

less than 45 mph.

•Some people are thrown clear

in a crash and walk away with

hardly a scratch.

WRONG. Your chances of surviving a crash are

much better if you stay inside the vehicle.

Seatbelts keep you from being thrown out of the

vehicle into the path of another one.

•If I get hit from the side, I am

better being thrown across the

car, away from the crash point

WRONG. Simple physics. When a vehicle is hit from

the side, it will move sideways. Everything that is

not fastened down, including passengers, will slide

toward the point of the crash. NOT AWAY FROM IT.

Try this one yourself - put some loose objects into an empty box. (Make it more

fun - put in something fragile, like an egg.) Hit the side of the box. Hard. Where

do the objects land?

Now, try the same experiment but fasten the objects inside the box.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

28

Brakes:

Stay at a safe distance from the

vehicle in front of you , one vehicle

length.

Start stopping sooner, apply your brakes the instant you see a hazard

developing.

Apply them gradually so you don’t

go into a spin or grind to a stop soquickly that you risk a rear-end

collision.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

29

NEAR ACTION

MIDDLE SEEING

FAR PLANNING

Observing the Road



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

30

Visibility – Day or Night

Road conditions

Traffic volume

Weather factors

Driving Environment



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

31

What Traffic signs should we be aware of in KSA

What do these mean?



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

32



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

33



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

34

Other Road Users

Other road users could be individuals on pleasure or

business, however another group of people could be the

Emergency Services. Everyone will have their own

individual requirements on the road, either slow movingor fast.

Therefore, it is important we realise that we must be

observant to the activities of others on the road.

60% of drivers causing the crash say they didn’t see the other vehicle



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

35

60% of drivers causing the crash say they didn t see the other vehicle.

We don’t have statistics for Middle East - but you see

what goes on every day.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

36

AVOID LANE CHANGE / MERGE

ACCIDENTS … TURN OUT

YOUR SIDE MIRRORS TO

REDUCEBLIND ZONES

Good visibility is no accident



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

37



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

38

you cannot see traffic on your left

and right until it gets very close

what you see

with rear view

mirror only

gives you good

information

about the

traffic behind

you

BUT

YOUR REAR VIEW (INSIDE) MIRROR

IS NOT ENOUGH

CLEAR

VIEW



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

39

CLEAR

VIEW

other traffic stays in your view for longer

using yourside mirrors

plus rear

view mirror

the blind

zones are

smaller

AND

NORMAL SIDE MIRROR POSITION -

(YOU CAN SEE THE SIDE OF YOUR CAR)



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

40

CLEAR

VIEW

clear

view clear

view

you can see other traffic sooner and for longer

NEW SIDE MIRROR POSITION -(YOU LOOK ALONG THE ROAD, NOT THE SIDE OF YOUR CAR)

turn your

mirrors out -

make sure you

see the road,

not the side of your car

you get only 4

small blind zones



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

41

FIVE GOOD REASONS TO TURN OUT YOUR

MIRRORS you don’t need to look over your shoulder so often

(but it’s not a bad idea to do so)

you need only a brief glance at the mirror to view theblind zone - at highway speeds, turning your head

means 30m travelled

glancing at the mirror leaves the forward scene in

your view

blind zones can be included in your visual scanning

(which we’re all doing, of course)

at night, no more glare from headlights into your

mirrors



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

42

GOOD VISIBILITY IS NO ACCIDENT

It will take time to change your habits and to get used

to the new mirror position.

But stick with it and you will be rewarded with a new

view in driving that will improve your safety andcomfort.



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

43

YOU the Driver

CONTROLS:

- Training

- Minimum Age for Public

Vehicles

- Medical examination for

Public Vehicles

- Rest breaks

- Adequate drinking water

HAZARDS:

- Lack of Competence

- Lack of Experience

- Unfit to drive

- Fatigue

- Thirst / Heat



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

44

Signs of Fatigue

Feeling cramped or fidgety

Your vehicle swerving on

the road

Your speed varies

Overtaking vehicles startling you Yawning unavoidably

Your mind is wandering

Your eyelids are heavy

You are impatient



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

45

The Dangerous Hours

Noon Midnight

NightDayDawn Dusk

T o t a l D e a

t h s

Night Driving Potential

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

46

Travel plan

plan your trip to avoid long drives after a full day’s work;

plan your work to avoid long drives before you start work;

have a light meal before you leave;

take advantage of the free coffee offered by road houses;

avoid drinking alcohol before or during the trip; and

if you have a passenger, share the driving and change over every hour.

The basics of your plan should be:

S



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

47

Night Driving

Note: Loading of vehicles and trailers can raise the position of your headlights

to an extent that, even on low beam, your lights can blind oncoming drivers.

Night driving precautions include:

• allowing more distance between you and the next vehicle;

• driving slower;

• keeping windscreens and mirrors clean; and

• making sure your load doesn’t affect the position of your lights.

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

48

Headlight Adjustment

• Face your vehicle one meter away from a wall.

• Put a mark on the ground and a corresponding mark on one of the tires.

. Turn the lights on and set them to low beam.

• Mark the concentration of the light beam on the wall.

• Load your vehicle.

•Re-position the vehicle on the one meter mark.

• Turn on the lights and set them to low beam.

• Locate the concentration of light at the center. Adjust the

lights to the mark you made before loading the vehicle or

trailer. This adjustment should be sufficient to cover both high

and low beam.

•Readjust your lights to their original setting when you haveunloaded your vehicle.

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

49

Additional Skills for Night Driving

Look for the signs of oncoming traffic.

Look out for light flashes as you near a corner.

Watch for a glow as you approach a hill.

Be prepared for vehicles with lights on high beam.

Remember, when you dip your lights, you reduce your visibility.

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

50

How to avoid falling asleep at the wheel

get plenty of sleep before setting out;

stop every two hours for a drink or take a short walk;

when you feel drowsy, STOP immediately and have a nap;

if you have a passenger, alternate the driving every hour;

open the window as fresh air will clear your head;

play music or the radio to stimulate your brain; and

do not drink alcohol or take any medication prior to or during your trip.

Some ways of remaining refreshed for long drives are:

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

51

Driving hazards

The hazards we may be faced with include:

• slippery roads;

• bad weather or sun glare;

• livestock;

• mechanical failure; and

• pedestrians.

• loose gravel;

• mud or oil patches;

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

52

Deadly Distract ions whi le Driv ing

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

53

DO NOT use it when youdrive. Don’t risk your life!

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

54

Do you think that a small device like

this one is the cause of alot of

accidents worldwide? A lot of people

don’t. That’s the reason why we ask

you to observe closely the following

pictures. You will probably change

the way you think.

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

55

Before we start, we warn you

that the following slides

contain graphic material.

This pictures are from a very

young girl whose dreams

faded once she made the

wrong choice of using her cellphone while driving.

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

56

A SIMPLE SECOND OF DISTRACTION TOOK

AWAY HER LIFE AND DREAMS.

AL RUSHAID



AL RUSHAID


RAR ‘06

57

THIS COULD HAVE BEEN AVOIDED!

AL RUSHAID



US


RAR ‘06

58

There are not second chances, Don’t think this can’t happen to you.....

AL RUSHAID




RAR ‘06

59

WARNING: The following images contain graphic material.

AL RUSHAID




RAR ‘06

60

AL RUSHAID




RAR ‘06

Don’t Let This Happen

To You!!!

defensive driving

Documents