defense systems of the lung
DESCRIPTION
Defense Systems of the Lung. Lectures on respiratory physiology. Atmospheric Pollutants. Carbon monoxide Sulfur oxides Nitrogen oxides Hydrocarbons Particulates Photochemical oxidants. Types and sources of pollutants. Perfect Lung. Photochemical Oxidants. hydrocarbons. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lectures on respiratory physiologyLectures on respiratory physiology
Defense Systems of the Defense Systems of the LungLung
Atmospheric Pollutants
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur oxides
Nitrogen oxides
Hydrocarbons
Particulates
Photochemical oxidants
Perfect Lung
Types and sources of pollutants
Photochemical Oxidants
hydrocarbons
nitrogen oxides
ozone, peroxyacyl nitrate,
aldehydes, acrolein, etc.
sunlight
Perfect Lung
Examples of smog
Effects of cigarette smokeCarbon monoxide causes up to 10% hemoglobin
“Tars” cause bronchial carcinoma
Smoking causes chronic bronchitis, emphysema,
bronchial carcinoma and coronary heart disease
Insidious effects of
tobacco advertising
Cancer death rates (male) from 1930 to 2004
Effect of single cigarette on airways
Behavior of Aerosols in the Lung
Deposition
Clearance
Perfect Lung
Mechanisms of deposition of aerosol
Perfect Lung
Sites of aerosol deposition
Perfect Lung
Mechanisms of deposition of aerosol
Accumulation of dust in a coal-miner’s lung
Perfect Lung
Mechanisms of deposition of aerosol
Clearance of Deposited Particles
Mucociliary system
Alveolar macrophages
Clearance of deposited particles
Mucociliary escalator
Airway wall showing a mucous gland
Normal airway (above); Enlarged mucous glands (below)
Goblet Cell
Mucociliary escalator
Gel layer of the mucus above the sol layer
Cilia just touching the gel layer
Ciliary action
Structure of microtubule; diagram (left), EM (right)
Impairment of Normal Mucociliary Function
Mucus: too much, or change in composition, e.g. chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, asthma
Cilia: paralysis by toxic gases
bronchial epithelium destroyed
congenital defect of ciliary motion
Alveolar MacrophageAlveolar Macrophage
Alveolar macrophage in the corner of an alveolus
Impairment of Normal Macrophage Function
Inhaled gases such as ozone, cigarette smoke
Toxic particles such as silica
Alveolar hypoxia, radiation, corticosteroids, alcohol ingestion