Deep Temperature Deep Temperature MeasurementMeasurement

RTM – 01 – RESRTM – 01 – RESImaging SystemImaging System

Items Specifications

Accuracy of measuring the averaged internal temperature, when a temperature is 32 ‑ 38 C, C

0,2

Time required for measuring internal temperature at a point, seconds

6

Antenna diameter, mm 39

Accuracy of measuring the skin temperature, C 0,2

Time required for measuring skin temperature at a point, when the temperature is 32 ‑ 38 C, seconds

1

Device mass, kg 4

Power consumption, Watt 5

Temperature FieldTemperature Field

Results of the measurements can be displayed in different modesResults of the measurements can be displayed in different modes

Three Types of AntennasThree Types of Antennas

Main PrinciplesMain Principles

dVrPrTТ rad )(*)(

T(r)-Thermodynamic Temperature,r-Current CoordinateP(r)- The Radiometric Weighting Function

-The Vector of the Electric Field Intensity Induced in Tissue by the Antenna

-The Conductivity of the Tissueσ

dVrE

rErP

2

2

)(

)()(

(r)E

fkТP rad

KJ

k 23-10*1.38 BandFrequency_Δf

Contradictions in the LiteratureContradictions in the Literature

Published Our ExperimentsCalculated penetration depth =6.6mm

For rectangular waveguide

at F=1.15 GHz a=44mm

More then 40mm

Penetration depth do not differ much with the kind of probe

Penetration depth of microstrip probe differs from cylinder waveguide probe substantially

The radiometric temperature increase mainly due skin temperature increase.

Experiments show that sometimes skin temperature is increase and

radiometric is decrease.

05.0_5.5

Penetration Depth Penetration Depth for Plane Wavefor Plane Wave

Contour Plot of the Penetration Contour Plot of the Penetration Depth[1]Depth[1]

a

mmDepth

mmDepth

mmaF

mmaF

4.3_

2.6

21_8.3

44_15.1_

akaK 2

1

00 )(

a

RadiometricRadiometric Temperature for Layer Structure Temperature for Layer Structure

i

N

iirad CTТ *

1

U

dVrE

C iV

i

i

2)(

N

i V

i

i

dVrEU1

2)(

z

z

N

ii

N

ii

hz

CzD

1

1

)(

Ci-Weighting Coefficients for Layer Structure

D(z)- Integration Weighting Function for Layer Structure

Dielectric Properties of the Dielectric Properties of the TissuesTissues

Volume Under Investigation for Different Volume Under Investigation for Different Antennas (Level 85%)Antennas (Level 85%)

Volume Under Investigation for Different Volume Under Investigation for Different Antennas (Level 85%)Antennas (Level 85%)

Weighting Coefficients for Weighting Coefficients for Antenna F=1.15 GHz D=44mm H=67mmAntenna F=1.15 GHz D=44mm H=67mmCi

i

N

iirad CTТ *

1

Weighting Coefficients for Weighting Coefficients for Antenna F=1.15 GHz D=38mm H=7mmAntenna F=1.15 GHz D=38mm H=7mm

Ci

Weighting Coefficients for Weighting Coefficients for Antenna F=3.8 GHz D=38mm H=45mmAntenna F=3.8 GHz D=38mm H=45mm

Ci

Integrated Weighting Functions Integrated Weighting Functions F=1.15 GHz D=44mm H=67mm Antenna F=1.15 GHz D=44mm H=67mm Antenna

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Depth, mm

Inte

gra

ted

Wei

gh

tin

g

Fu

nct

ion

h fat =8mm

h fat=28 mm

h fat=58mm

Level =0.85

Measuring DepthMeasuring Depth (D(Deffeff L=0.85L=0.85))

zN

iiCzD

1

)(

Integrated Weighting Functions Integrated Weighting Functions F=1.15 GHz D=38mm H=7mm Antenna F=1.15 GHz D=38mm H=7mm Antenna

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Depth, mm

Inte

gra

ted

Wei

gh

tin

g F

un

ctio

n D

(z)

h fat =8mm

h fat=28 mm

h fat=58mm

Measuring DepthMeasuring Depth (D(Deff L=0.85eff L=0.85))

Level=0.85

Integrated Weighting Functions Integrated Weighting Functions F=3.8 GHz D=38mm H=45mm Antenna F=3.8 GHz D=38mm H=45mm Antenna

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Depth, mm

Inte

gra

ted

We

igh

tin

g

Fu

ncti

on

h fat =8mm

h fat=28 mm

h fat=58mm

Level=0.85

Measuring Depth (DDepth (Deff L=0.85eff L=0.85))

Measuring Depth (DMeasuring Depth (Deffeff L=0.85L=0.85) for Different Fat ) for Different Fat ThicknessThickness

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Fat Thickness, mm

Me

as

uri

ng

De

pth

(D eff

L=

0.8

5),m

m

F=1.15 GHz D=44mm H=67mmF=1.15 GHz D=38mm H=7 mmF=3.8 GHz D=38mm H=45mm

h skin=2 mm

Measuring Depth (DMeasuring Depth (Deffeff L=0.85L=0.85))

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

F=1.15GHz D=38mmH=7mm

F=1.15 GHz D=44mmH=67mm

F=3.8 GHz D=38mmH=45mm

Mea

suri

ng

Dep

th (

mm

)

h fat=8mm

h fat=28mm

h fat=58 mm

Effective Width for Different Fat ThicknessEffective Width for Different Fat Thickness

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Fat Thickness, mm

Eff

ec

tiv

e W

idth

(W

eff),m

m

F=3.8 GHz D=38mm H=45mmF=1.15 GHz D=44mm H=67mmF=1.15 GHz D=38mm H=7 mm

h skin=2mm

)85.0()85.0(

2

4

)( LLeff

eff VDW

Temperature Changes During the Cooling of DorsumTemperature Changes During the Cooling of Dorsum

32

32.5

33

33.5

34

34.5

35

35.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Time, min

Tem

per

atu

re,

C

Palm F=1.15 GHz D=44mm H=67mm

Palm IK

Palm F=3.8 GHz,D=38mm,H=45mm