Deep Dive into Apex TriggersJune 18, 2015

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Speakers

Kartik ViswanadhaDirector, OpFocusSalesforce MVP@logontokartik

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Pre-requisites

• Basic understanding of Apex Triggers and Apex Code.

• Basic understanding of Salesforce Platform in general

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What is a Trigger?

Which of the below definitions is right for our context?

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What is a Trigger in Database terms?

A trigger is a procedure that initiates an action (i.e., fires an action) when an event occurs.

Insert

Update

Delete

Undelete

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Trigger Order of Execution

B A

Save State Commit

System Validation Rules

Apex Before Triggers

Custom Validation Rules

Apex After Triggers

Assignment Rules

Workflow Rules

Escalations

Rollup Summary Fields

efore fter

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Trigger Contexts

B A

Save State Commit

• Trigger.new• Trigger.old• Trigger.newMap• Trigger.oldMap

• Trigger.isBefore• Trigger.isAfter• Trigger.isExecuting• Trigger.size

• Trigger.isInsert• Trigger.isUpdate• Trigger.isDelete• Trigger.isUndelete

fterefore

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Why are Triggers hard and confusing?

• They are all Code

• They are shared across the instance

• They execute with everything else

(Workflows, Flows, Process Builder)

• They can cause Recursion

• They need to be Bulkified

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Why do we need Triggers?

• Use triggers to perform complex tasks

that do not need user intervention.

• Execute Business rules without

worrying about security

• Examples• Send Data to External System on Save

• Update related and non related records

• Assignments based on business rules.

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Considerations for Trigger Management

• Discuss with Architect or other Developers about

best practices

• Avoid writing Triggers when not needed

• Build Logical Trigger Switches

• Keep Logic outside of Triggers

• Consider having only one Trigger per Object

• Follow Apex Best Practices

• Build good Test classes

Best Practice Discuss with Architector Other Developers

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Best Practice

• Know the Standards, Naming

Conventions

• Discuss your approach with

others in your team

• If you don’t know, ASK

Best Practice Avoid Writing Triggers

when not needed

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Use Case

• Create a Task when Lead Status

or Priority Changes

• Update a field “Next Step” on

Opportunity when Opportunity is

Closed Won

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Best Practice

• Consider using Workflow rules,

Flows, Process Builder or other

point & click tools before

considering building an Apex

Trigger

• Do not over-architect for simple

things

Best Practice Trigger Switches

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Use case

• During a massive data load

exercise I do not want the

triggers to run.

• The similar upload is scheduled

on a weekly basis

• I do not want triggers to run when

Integration User is sending data.

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Best Practice

• Control the execution of Triggers

by using Custom Settings.

• Provide configurations wherever

possible to allow admin /

business users to control Trigger

Execution.

Best Practice Keep Logic outside of Triggers

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Use case

• A Trigger on Task that is sending an email to a Group when Task status is changed or when it becomes overdue

• User needs to have ability to manually send an email to the Group for selected records.

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Best Practice

• Make the Triggers Logic-less • Use Handler/Helper classes that perform the

core business logic that can be reusable across the organization.

Trigger Apex Class

Handler

Controller

Best Practice One Trigger per Object

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Use case

• A lead has 20+

Workflow rules

• 10 different Triggers

on Lead

• Assignment Rules

• Flows

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Best Practice

• Control the execution order

• Debugging simplified

• Separation of Concerns

• Structured and Organized

One Trigger to rule them all

Best Practice Good Test Classes

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Best Practice

• Write tests for Bulk

Data, Always

• Test all your business

scenarios

• Use asserts, lavishly

Trigger Framework

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Trigger Framework

• Design Patterns

• Observer/Listener

• Domain Model

• Factory Pattern

• Trigger Templates

Debugging Techniques

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Developer Console

• Stack Tree

• Execution Overview

• Execution Logs

• Profiling

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Logging Techniques

• Custom Log Class

• Push & Pop

• Custom Object Tracking

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References

• https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Apex_Code_Best_Practices

• https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Apex_Enterprise_Patterns_-_Domain_Layer

• https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode

/

• https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Trigger_Frameworks_and_Apex_Trigger_Best_Practices

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Q & A

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Jitendra ZaaSalesforce MVP@jitendrazaa

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