decorative arts of asia - japanese tea ceremony
TRANSCRIPT
Decorative Arts of Asia
Amber FrederickArt 262
Survey of Asian Art11/7/14
Professor Fred Sigman
Ceramics in Japanese Tea Ceremony
•Outline of PowerPointBrief history of Tea Ceremony in JapanTypes of Tea CeremoniesDescription of the roomFloorHanging ScrollUtensils usedEtiquette
PreparationsProceduresSteps
Common words/expressions used during ceremony
Brief history of Tea Ceremony
Tea ceremony started in China
In Japan, initially, tea was used only by priest and noblemen as medicine
Nobles often held extravagant tea parties.
Myoan Eisai, (a Japanese priest who studied the Chinese philosophy and religion) was the first to cultivate tea for religious purposes.
Later on, tea became a part of small gatherings.
Designer, Murata Shukou, became known as the “father of the tea ceremony” because the etiquette and the spirit of tea were originated by him.
Iemoto is a school system of traditional arts started by the Sen family.
Brief history of Tea Ceremony cont’d
Tea ceremony is a "highly elaborate synthetic art” that includes:
Fine art
Arts and crafts
Pottery
Japanese paintings
Calligraphy
Ikebana (Japanese flower arrangement)
Tea room architecture
Garden design
Kaiseki (Japanese full course meal)
Traditional confectionery
Brief history of Tea Ceremony cont’d
Tea ceremony is “an interlude in which one leads oneself for the moment to the spirit of beauty, quietude, and politeness toward others.”
Based on four principles:
Wa –harmony with people and nature
Kae –respect in a harmonious relationship with other people and objects
Sae –purity by cleansing yourself through the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste
Jubuo –Tranquility through stillness and silence
Types of Tea Ceremonies
Akatsuki-no-chaji
Dawn tea ceremony in winter
Yuuzari-no-chaji
Early-evening tea ceremony
during warmer months
Asa-cha
Early-morning summer tea ceremony
Shoburo
First use of portable brazier in the year (May)
Shougo-no-chaji
Midday tea ceremony
Kuchikiri-no=chaji
Celebrating the breaking of the seal on a jar of a new tea (November)
Nagori-no-chaji
Honors the last remains of the year’s supply of tea (October)
Yobanashi
Winter-evening tea ceremony
Hatsugama
Boiling the first kettle tea ceremony
Layout of the room
• Mizuya (preparation section of the room used by the host)
• Host Mat
• Tokonoma (alcove)
• Hearth
• Heart Mat
• Guest Mat
• Entrance Mat
Floors
• Covered with Tatami mat
• Varies in thickness and size
• Color fabrics along the edges indicate the rank of the household (earlier centuries)
An authentic Tatami mat consist of three parts:1. Tatami Omote (Reed covering)2. Tatami Goto (Straw core)3. Tatami Beri (Decorative cloth edge = brocade)
Tatami Omote
• Made of soft reed
▫ each reed contains 4,000 -5,000 rushes
• High quality long grass is dyed with natural Japanese clay to enhance even color tone. The color turns to a golden-yellow as it ages.
• Hemp/cotton string used to weave the Omote together
Tatami Goto
• Made from 40cm of straw that is crushed down to five centimeters
• Rice straw core is heated in a kiln to 90º Celsius
• Measured and compressed to two inches
• Yarns is used to tightly stitch together to provide durability and level
Tatami Beri
The decorative cloth edging of the mat = Brocade
Hanging scrolls
• Walls contain:
▫ a Kakemono scrolls, (a scroll painting or calligraphy mounted with brocade fabric edges),
▫ a Tatejiku,(standing scroll), where the hanging scroll’s width is shorter than the height.
▫ There are two types:
Calligraphy design
Painting design
Tatejiku Calligraphy Designs
Tatejiku Painting Designs
Utensils
• Tea equipment is called dǒgu(tools) and is mostly made of ceramic.
• It generally includes the following:
▫ Chabako- a box containing a set of tea utensils
used when a tea ceremony takes place at a location that is different from the teacher’s home.
▫ Chaki – made of bamboo or ceramic
Bamboo (natsume) is used to make thin tea
Ceramic (chaire) is used to make a thick tea (Matcha, a powered green tea)
Utensils
▫ Daisu –a large, portable, double-shelved display stand
▫ Lower shelf contains:
▫ portable burner (furo)
▫ ladle stand (shakutate)
▫ waste water jar (kensui)
▫ water jug (mizusashi)
▫ Dora –a copper gong used to summon guests to return to the Chashitsu (tea house)
▫ Hachi –Bowl for sweets or food
▫ Sweets are usually eaten before drinking green tea
Utensils
▫ Hai –Ash from the bed of the portable brazier
▫ Ash is sculpted into elegant forms so that it can be admired as part of the tea ceremony
▫ Hana-ire – a flower vase for a Chabana. It’s hung or placed at the base of a Tokonoma (a built-in recessed space) and is often made of bamboo
Utensils
• Kaishi –Japanese style mini napkin used to wipe the rim of the Chawan after drinking Koicha (thick tea)
• Kan –iron or brass rings used to lift and move the Kama (kettle or metal pot)
• Kouboku –is an aromatic wood used to place together with Sumi (charcoal) to create a soothing fragrance in the Chashitsu
Utensils
• Kuromoji –are natural wooden chopsticks used to transfer Wagashi sweets to a Kaishi paper.
• Neriko – is a blended incense used during the winter season to prepare hot water in the Ro
• Ro – a fire pit in a sunken hearth
Utensils
• Tana – a less formal utensil stand used to display and bring individual utensil to the guests’ attention
• Tenmoku –a tea bowl with a narrow foot
• Tenmoku-dai – a stand for the tenmoku bowl
• Tenugui –a rectangular cotton hand towel
Etiquette
• Average meeting has five guests
▫ First guest (guest of honor) is called Shokyaku
is the only person that speaks to the Teishu during the Tea Ceremony
▫ Second guest is called Jikyaku
▫ Other guest are called Kyaku
▫ Last guest is Tsume
▫ Everyone has a special ranking, sitting order, andhave fixed duties to perform during the Tea Ceremony
Etiquette
• Receiving and eating Wagashi
▫ You need to wait for Teishu to warm the Chawan with hot water and discard the waste water into the Kensui before you can eat the Wagashi
• Drinking Koicha involves:
▫ Picking up the Chawan
Etiquette
▫ Apologies and Bows
▫ Being ready to drink
Etiquette
▫ Wiping the rim
▫ Usucha (thin tea)
Tea preparation is simple but
it is performed through fixed
movements where utensils are
placed at predetermined
locations
Preparations
There are two preparation styles:
Ro during the winter
Furo during the summer
Procedures
• Main differences between preparing tea:
▫ In summer –Kama is placed on a brazier
▫ In winter –Kama is placed in the Ro
▫ Utensils used are placed at slightly different locations
▫ Conclusion of the tea ceremony is different due to the placement of the utensils
Steps
• Generally, the steps to preparing the tea ceremony include the following:
▫ Invite guest, clean, prepare teahouse
▫ Opening the door
▫ Presenting the sweets
▫ Bringing in tea utensils
▫ Greeting and clothes
▫ Cleaning the Natsume
▫ Cleaning the Chashaku
▫ Remove Futa from the Kama
▫ Cleaning the Chasen
Steps
▫ Warming the Chawan
▫ Scoop Matcha into the Chawan
▫ Remove lit from Mitzusashi
▫ Scoop hot water into Chawan
▫ Whisk Matcha and Oyu
▫ Serving green-tea to guests
▫ Dialog with Shokyaku
▫ Cleaning the Chawan
▫ Continue making tea • Conclusion of the tea ceremony is based on summer or winter procedures
Common words/expressions used during the tea ceremony
• The Tea Ceremony is spoken in Japanese. Below are a few common words and expressions used:
Aisatsu –greeting
Chabana –a type of flower displayed in the alcove
Chakai –tea gathering
Chashitsu –tea room
Haiken –viewing of objects
Iemoto –founder of a certain school
Kaiseki –tea ceremony meal
Kashi – the sweets served before tea
Koicha –thick tea
Oyu –hot water
Usucha –thin tea
Common words/expressions used during the tea ceremony
Okashi wo dzo
Please have some sweets
Ippuku sashi agemasu
I would like serve you a bowl of tea
Oshitsurei itashimashita
Please excuse me
Host’s expressions
Common words/expressions used during the tea ceremony
Guest expressions
Otemae chodai itashimasu
Thank you for making the tea
Osakini shitsureishimasu
Pardon me for going ahead of you
Ikochira wa juubun itadakimashita
We have had enough
References
Chaki. (n.d.). digplanet.com. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from digplanet.com website:
http://www.digplanet.com/wiki/Chaki
History. (n.d.). explorejapaneseceramics.com. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from
explorejapaneseceramics.com website:
http://www.explorejapaneseceramics.com/basic/general/history.html
Japanese Art of Tea Ceremony . (n.d.). www.asia-art.net. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from www.asia-
art.net website: http://www.asia-art.net/japanese_tea.html
Mingei Arts . (n.d.). mingeiarts.com. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from mingeiarts.com website:
http://mingeiarts.com/discover/know-the-difference-between-japanese-chinese-korean-artifacts/
Quick History: Tatami Mats . (n.d.). apartmenttherapy.com. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from
apartmenttherapy.com website: http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/quick-history-tatami-matsretro-
154420
References
Tatami . (n.d.). wikipedia.org. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from wikipedia.org website:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatami
TatamiMatInformationGuide . (n.d.). chopa.com. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from chopa.com website:
http://www.chopa.com/ShopSite/tatami-mat-information.html
The Japanese Tea Ceremony . (n.d.). teavana.com. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from teavana.com website:
http://www.teavana.com/tea-info/japanese-tea-ceremony
The Japanese Tea Ceremony . (n.d.). japanese-tea-ceremony.net. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from
japanese-tea-ceremony.net website: http://japanese-tea-ceremony.net/
The Urasenke Foundation . (n.d.). urasenke.org. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from urasenke.org website:
http://www.urasenke.org/characters/
Yunomi-Tea Cups . (n.d.). e-yakimono.net. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from e-yakimono.net website:
http://www.e-yakimono.net/html/yunomi-jt.html