decline & fall of the roman empire. i. century of crisis a. introduction 1. pax romana begins...
DESCRIPTION
…INTRO 3. DID NOT KNOW HOW TO COPE WITH CRISISTRANSCRIPT
DECLINE & FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
I. CENTURY OF CRISISA. INTRODUCTION
1. PAX ROMANA BEGINS DECLINE BEGAN AT END OF GOOD EMPERORS2. BEGINNING OF PERIOD OF CIVIL WAR
…INTRO3. DID NOT KNOW HOW TO
COPE WITH CRISIS
B. ROME’S ECONOMY WEAKENS
1. PAX ROMANAa) PERIOD OF GOOD TRADEb) INCREASED WEALTH FROM GOLD AND SILVERc) GREW ENOUGH FOOD
2. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
a) TRADE DISRUPTED BY INVASIONb) LIMITED EXPANSION = FEWER
SOURCES OF GOLDc) WEALTHY SPENT MONEY ON
LUXURY GOOD OUTSIDE OF EMPIRE
…ECONOMYd) RESULTED IN LACK OF GOLD
& SILVER
3. ATTEMPTED SOLUTIONS
a) RAISED TAXESb) COINS MINTED WITH LESS
METAL
…SOLUTIONSc) INFLATION
(1) DECREASE IN VALUE OF MONEY(2) INCREASE IN PRICE OF GOODS
4. CAUSES FOR FOOD SHORTAGE
a) OVERWORKED SOILb) HIGHER TAXES LED TO
FEWER FARMSc) WAR DESTROYED FARM
LAND
C. MILITARY & POLITICAL PROBLEMS
1. INVASIONSa) GERMANIC TRIBES FROM NORTHb) PERSIA IN EAST
2. ARMYa) SOLDIERS LESS LOYAL &
DISCIPLINEDb) CIVIL WAR FOR CONTROL OF
ROMEc) USE OF MERCENARIES
D. ROMAN POLITICS1. CITIZENS LESS PATRIOTIC2. POLITICAL OFFICE BECAME
COSTLY
E. MORAL DECAY1. PEOPLE LOST FAITH IN
ROMAN GOVERNMENT & FAMILY
2. TURNED TO CHURCH FOR LEADERSHIP
II. EMPEROR’S ATTEMPTED REFORMS
A. DIOCLETIAN1. REFORMS
a) INCREASED SIZE OF ARMIES
b) SET FIXED PRICES FOR GOODS
…REFORMSc) FARMERS HAD TO REMAIN OF
FARMS (FEUDALISM)d) WORKERS REMAINED IN JOBSe) CLAIMED DESCENT FROM THE
GODS
2. DIVISION OF THE EMPIRE
a) DIVIDED EAST = GREEKWEST = LATIN
b) DIOCLETIAN RULED EASTc) EASTERN PART WEALTHIEST
3. RESULTSa) SLOWED DECLINEb) CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT UPON
DEATH
B. CONSTANTINE MOVES CAPITOL
1. GAINED CONTROL OF WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE 312 A.D.
2. RESTORED EMPIRE 324 A.D.
…CONSTANTINE3. BYZANTIUM
a) MOVED CAPITOL TO BYZANTIUMb) LOCATED ON BOSPHORUS STRAIT
…CONSTANTINEc) SHIFTED POWER
CENTER FORM ROME
d) CITY RENAMEDCONSTANTINOPLE
III. WESTERN EMPIRE CRUMBLES
A. INTRODUCTION1. CAUSES FOR FALL
a) INTERNAL PROBLEMSb) SEPARATION FROM
EASTERN EMPIREc) OUTSIDE INVASION
2. GERMANIC TRIBESa) SETTLED ON NORTHERN
BORDERb) ADOPTED ROMAN CULTUREc) OVERWHELMED &
CONQUERED W. ROME
d. TRIBES(1) OSTROGOTHS(2) VISIGOTHS(3) ANGLES(4) SAXONS(5) VANDALS(6) FRANKS (7) MAGYARS
B. HUNS1. FORCED GERMANIC TRIBES
INTO W. ROME2. CONQUERED ASIA &
EASTERN EUROPE
C. GERMANIC INVASION
1. VANDALSa) INVADED ROME FLEEING HUNSb) MIGRATED THROUGH ROMAN PROVINCES TO N. AFRICA (CARTHAGE)
…VANDALSc) ROME UNABLE TO STOP
INVASION
2. VISIGOTHSa) LED BY ALERICb) INVADED LOOTED CITY OF
ROME
D. ATTILA THE HUN1. DIRECT THREAT
a) UNITED UNDER ATTILAb) ATTACKED BOTH PARTS OF EMPIREc) FAILED TO ENTER CONSTANTINOPLE
2. HUNS IN THE WESTa) ADVANCED AGAINST ROMEb) WEAKENED BY FAMINE &
DISEASEc) WITHDREW AFTER
NEGOTIATION WITH LEO Id) GERMANIC INVASIONS
CONTINUED
3. EFFECT ON ROMEa) ROME LEFT IN FAMINEb) POPULATION DECREASED TO
20,000
E. AN EMPIRE NO MORE
1. AUGUSTULUSa) LAST EMPEROR SENT INTO EXILEb) NO MORE EMPERORS FOR WESTERN EMPIRE
2. EASTERN EMPIREa) BECAME BYZANTINE EMPIREb) PRESERVED GREEK &
ROMAN CULTUREc) FELL IN 1453 TO OTTOMAN
TURKS
IV. LEGACY OF GRECO-ROMAN CIVILIZATION
A. INTRODUCTION1. GREEK LEADERSHIP IN CULTURAL ADVANCES
a) ROMANS LEARNED GREEK LANGUAGE
…INFLUENCEb) GRECO-ROMAN CULTURE -
MIX OF GREEK, ROMAN, & HELLENISTIC CULTURE
B. ROMAN FINE ARTS1. CHANGES TO GREEK
SCULPTUREa) REALISTIC PORTRAITSb) PRACTICAL IN PURPOSE USED FOR EDUCATION
2. BAS-RELIEFa) IMAGES PROJECTED FROM
FLAT BACKGROUNDb) USED TO TELL STORIES
(HISTORY)
3. MOSAICSa) PICTURE MADE USING
PIECES OF GLASS, STONE, OR TILE
b) USED TO DECORATE HOUSES
4. FRESCOESa) WALL MURALSb) POMPEII VOLCANO
PRESERVED FRESCOES
C. LEARNING & LITERATURE
1. VIRGILa) WROTE AENEIDb) MODELED ON HOMER’S ILIAD & ODYSSEY
V. LEGACY OF ROMEA. LATIN LANGUAGE
INFLUENCES1. LATIN REMAINED LANGUAGE OF ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
…LATIN2. DEVELOPED INTO ROMANCE
LANGUAGES3. HEAVILY INFLUENCED ENGLISH4. REMAINED COMMON LANGUAGE
OF EUROPE INTO 1500’S
B. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
1. CONTINUED TO USE LATIN2. CHURCH BECAME EXAMPLE
OF MORAL AUTHORITY
…CHURCH3. LOYALTY TO CHURCH MORE
IMPORTANT THAN LOYALTY TO ROME
4. CHURCH BECAME UNIFYING FORCE IN WESTERN EUROPE
…CHURCH5. CHURCH TOOK THE PLACE
OF ROMAN GOVERNMENT
C. ARCHITECTURE1. ARCH, DOME, CONCRETE
a) USED IN ROMAN ARCHITECTURE (COLISEUM & PANTHEON)
…ARCHITECTUREb) ARCHES
(1) USED TO BUILD AQUEDUCTSC) CULTURAL DIFFUSION
(1) PRACTICAL DESIGN STILL USED TODAY
(a) U.S. & STATE CAPITOLS
D. ROMAN LAW1. STANDARDS
a. EQUAL TREATMENT UNDER THE LAWb. INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY
…STANDARDSc. ACCUSER HAD TO PROVE
GUILTd. PUNISHED ONLY FOR
ACTIONSe. UNFAIR LAWS COULD BE
OVERTURNED