december 8, 2015 agents of erosion. what is erosion? erosion is the process of weathered rocks and...
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AGENTS OF EROSION There are 5 agents (or causes) of erosion: 1.Gravity 2.Moving Water 3.Glaciers 4.Waves 5.WindTRANSCRIPT
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D E C E M B E R 8 , 2 0 1 5
AGENTS OF EROSION
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WHAT IS EROSION?
• Erosion is the process of weathered rocks and soil moving from one place to another
• Erosion moves sediments- tiny pieces of broken rock or soil
• After erosion, deposition occurs when the pieces of sediments and soil settle on land or in water.
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AGENTS OF EROSION
There are 5 agents (or causes) of erosion: 1. Gravity2. Moving Water3. Glaciers4. Waves5. Wind
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(1) GRAVITY
• Definition: the force that pulls all things towards the earth’s center• Erosion begins with gravity pulling material
towards the center of the earth• Mass Movement is the downhill movement of
weathered materials caused by gravity
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WHAT DOES GRAVITY CREATE?
• Mass movement, caused by gravity, can create:
1. Mudflows- water, rock, and soil mixed together that moves downhill
2. Landslides- when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope
3. Slumps- a mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope in one large piece
4. Creep- slow downhill movement of rock and soil
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(2) MOVING WATER
• Why it matters: Moving water has shaped more of the earth’s surface than any other agent• Moving water creates runoff- water from rain or
snow that flows into streams and rivers• More runoff means more erosion!
• Moving water can form the following: 1. Streams2. Valleys3. Waterfalls4. Deltas…. And more!
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WATER EROSION
• Through erosion, a river can create valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.
1. Waterfalls- formed when a river meets hard rock that erodes slowly
2. Flood Plain- flat, wide area of land along a river formed from water over gently sloping land
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WATER EROSION
3. Meanders- a loop-like bend in a river that is formed from water flowing through soft rock
4. Oxbow Lakes- a meander that has been cut off from the river due to sediments from a flood
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WATER DEPOSITION• Every time water moves, it carries sediments with it
that are dropped off in new places• Through deposition, moving water can create
landforms, such as deltas and alluvial fans1. Deltas- a triangular deposit of sediment located
at the mouth (end) of a river that empties into a still body of water (like an ocean or lake)
2. Alluvial Fan- a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range
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VIDEOS
Summary of water erosionhttp://www.schooltube.com/video/e920ff2f44ed84d96788/HowStuffWorks-Show-Episode-4-Power-Of-Water-Erosion
What is the role of plate tectonics in water erosion? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f62_MjB6-Ok
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GROUNDWATER EROSION
• Sometimes rain or snow melts and is soaked into the ground, filling in cracks in rocks, creating groundwater erosion• Groundwater can cause
erosion through chemical weathering. • Water combines with carbon
dioxide to create carbonic acid. Carbonic acid can wear down certain rocks and create caves.
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AGENTS OF EROSION
There are 5 agents (or causes) of erosion: 1. Gravity2. Moving Water3. Glaciers4. Waves5. Wind
We are going to focuson the last 3 today!
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(3) GLACIAL EROSION
• Definition: a glacier is a large mass of ice that move slowly over land • 2 types of glaciers1. Continental: glacier that covers
most of a continent or large island and they flow in all directions
2. Valley: a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley
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ICE AGE
• An ice age is when a continental glacier covers a large part of the earth’s surface• About 1 million years ago, 1/3 of earth’s land was
covered in glaciers!
What is the ice age?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJ5GYQrkvxI Movie Preview: 1. What types of erosion do you see? 2. What about this preview is realistic? Unrealistic?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMfeWyVBidk
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HOW GLACIERS CAUSE EROSION
2 processes by which glaciers erode the land1. Plucking: when rocks are broken by moving
glaciers and then freeze to the bottom of the glacier. As the glacier moves, the frozen rocks stuck to the bottom move, too.
2. Abrasion: when these frozen rocks stay on the glacier and are dragged across the land. This dragging of rock can scratch the rock.
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HOW GLACIERS CAUSE DEPOSITION
Once a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms. These sediments deposited by a glacier are called till
Glaciers can create the following landforms: • Moraine- when a glacier deposits a mountain or
ridge• Kettle- a small depression or ice is left in a glacial
till • Fiord- a valley that was created by a glacier that is
now filled with water• Cirque- a bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier
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(4) WAVE EROSION
How do waves cause erosion and deposition? • Energy in waves come from the wind• When the wind hits the water, waves form• As the wave hits the shore, it moves the sand
forward, then backwards into the water. • The waves also shape the shoreline
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=775FQ5_YLvE
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WAVE EROSION
Waves shape the coast through erosion by breaking down rock and moving sand and other sediment
Waves change direction based on the land masses that they hit
A headland is a part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean
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WHAT WAVES CAN CREATE
Wave erosion can create…• Sea Cave• Wave-Cut Cliff• Sea Arch
Wave deposition can create…• Beaches• Sandbars• Barrier Beaches• Splits
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(5) WIND EROSION Wind causes erosion by deflation. • Deflation: the process by which wind
removes surface materials, like sediments and sand, to new place
Wind deposition occurs once the sediments picked up by wind fall to the ground. This can create…• Sand dunes- wind blown sediments
that has built up • Loess deposits- pieces of sediment
smaller than sand that are carried by the wind