December 4, 2014December 4, 2014

• SWBAT:SWBAT:–Identify and examine the Identify and examine the

causes for the rise and fall causes for the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire.of the Maurya Empire.

Chandragupta: 324 BCE-301 Chandragupta: 324 BCE-301 BCEBCE

Unified northern India.Unified northern India. Divided his empire intoDivided his empire into provinces, then districts provinces, then districts for tax assessments and law for tax assessments and law enforcement. enforcement. He feared assassination He feared assassination food food tasters, slept in differenttasters, slept in different rooms, etc. rooms, etc.At the end of his lifeAt the end of his life gave up his gave up his throne & became a Jain.throne & became a Jain.

KautilyaKautilya ChandraguptaChandragupta’’s advisor.s advisor. Brahmin caste.Brahmin caste. Wrote Wrote The Treatise onThe Treatise on Material Gain Material Gain or the or the ArthashastraArthashastra.. A guide for the king and his A guide for the king and his ministers:ministers:

Supports royal power.Supports royal power. The great evil in society is The great evil in society is anarchyanarchy.. Therefore, a single authority is Therefore, a single authority is needed to employ force when needed to employ force when necessary! necessary!

Asoka (304 – 232 Asoka (304 – 232 BCE)BCE) Religious conversion Religious conversion

after the gruesome after the gruesome battle of battle of KalingaKalinga in in 262 BCE. 262 BCE. Dedicated his life to Dedicated his life to Buddhism. Buddhism. Built extensive roads.Built extensive roads. ConflictConflict how to balance how to balance KautilyaKautilya’’ss methods of keeping methods of keeping powerpower and Buddha and Buddha’’s demands tos demands to become a selfless become a selfless person?person?

Maurya ContributionsMaurya ContributionsUnited much of India for the first timeUnited much of India for the first time

Trade flourishedTrade flourished

Spread Buddhist religion- missionary Spread Buddhist religion- missionary activityactivity

The Capital Pataliputra was one of the The Capital Pataliputra was one of the largest and richest cities of its timelargest and richest cities of its time Schools, librarySchools, library Learning was highly advancedLearning was highly advanced

AsokaAsoka’’s s

EmpireEmpire

AsokaAsoka’’s law s law codecode Edicts scattered inEdicts scattered in

more than 30 places more than 30 places in India, Nepal, in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. Pakistan, & Afghanistan. Written mostly inWritten mostly in Sanskrit, but one was in Sanskrit, but one was in Greek and Aramaic. Greek and Aramaic. 10 rock edicts.10 rock edicts. Each pillar [Each pillar [stupastupa] is 40] is 40’’-50-50’’ high. high. Buddhist principles dominate his Buddhist principles dominate his laws.laws.

One of One of AsokaAsoka’’ssStupasStupas

WomenWomenUnder Under

ananAsokaAsokatreetree

The Maurya The Maurya EmpireEmpire

321 BCE – 185 BCE321 BCE – 185 BCE

Turmoil & a power Turmoil & a power Vacuum:Vacuum:

220 BCE – 320 CE220 BCE – 320 CE

TamilsTamils

The Maurya Empire is divided into many The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms.kingdoms.

The Kushan EmpireThe Kushan Empire

• Modern day AfghanistanModern day Afghanistan• Key link in the silk road- location Key link in the silk road- location

between China & Roman Empirebetween China & Roman Empire– Helps expand the role of India in world Helps expand the role of India in world

tradetrade– Especially as sailors learned to navigate Especially as sailors learned to navigate

the Indian Ocean the Indian Ocean • Developed a calendar Developed a calendar

– Based on Moon & SunBased on Moon & Sun

THE GUPTA EMPIRETHE GUPTA EMPIRE

SWBAT:SWBAT:- IDENTIFY SOME KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF - IDENTIFY SOME KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF

GUPTA RULEGUPTA RULE- EXPLAIN HOW HINDUISM INFLUENCED - EXPLAIN HOW HINDUISM INFLUENCED

GUPTA SOCIETY & CULTUREGUPTA SOCIETY & CULTUREDESCRIBE THE ADVANCES PEOPLE OF THE DESCRIBE THE ADVANCES PEOPLE OF THE

GUPTA EMPIRE MADE IN THE ARTS AND GUPTA EMPIRE MADE IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCESSCIENCES

Gupta Empire:Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 320 CE – 647 CE647 CE

Gupta RulersGupta Rulers Chandra GuptaChandra Gupta II

r. 320 – 335 CEr. 320 – 335 CE ““Great King of Great King of KingsKings””

Chandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta II r. 375 - 415 CEr. 375 - 415 CE Profitable trade Profitable trade withwith the Mediterranean the Mediterranean world! world!

Hindu revival.Hindu revival. Huns invade – 450 Huns invade – 450 CECE

Chandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta II

Gupta DynastyGupta Dynasty

• Hegemony rather than dominant Hegemony rather than dominant rulerule

• Renaissance of Literature & Renaissance of Literature & PhilosophyPhilosophy– Writing down of literatureWriting down of literature– Epic poems and plays of KalidasaEpic poems and plays of Kalidasa

• Hindu resurgenceHindu resurgence

Fa-Hsien (Faxian) : Life in Fa-Hsien (Faxian) : Life in Gupta IndiaGupta India

Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along the the Silk Road and visited India in the 5c. Silk Road and visited India in the 5c. He was following the pathHe was following the path of the Buddha. of the Buddha. He reported the people to He reported the people to be happy, relatively free of be happy, relatively free of government oppression, and government oppression, and inclined towards courtesy and inclined towards courtesy and charity. charity. Other references in Other references in the journal, however, indicate the journal, however, indicate that the caste system was that the caste system was rapidly assuming its basic features, rapidly assuming its basic features, includingincluding "untouchability," the social isolation of a "untouchability," the social isolation of a lowestlowest class that is doomed to menial labor. class that is doomed to menial labor.

Gupta Government Gupta Government

• Efficient central government, Efficient central government, but less central than Mauryabut less central than Maurya

• Local Gov- Local leaders were Local Gov- Local leaders were elected by merchants & elected by merchants & artisansartisans– Each village – a headman & Each village – a headman &

council made decisions for council made decisions for the village.the village.

Organization of Village Organization of Village LifeLife

• Village ran their own affairs and faced Village ran their own affairs and faced little interference from central govlittle interference from central gov– As long as taxes were paidAs long as taxes were paid

• Life was governed by caste rules and Life was governed by caste rules and traditionstraditions

Organization of Family Organization of Family LifeLife

Joint Families- Joint Families- Patriarchal StructurePatriarchal StructureChildren & MarriageChildren & Marriage Arranged marriagesArranged marriages Only could marry Only could marry

within their castewithin their caste

Role of WomenRole of WomenBecame more restricted over Became more restricted over

time b/c of the role of Hindu lawtime b/c of the role of Hindu lawUpper-class womenUpper-class women

Restricted to their homeRestricted to their homeHad to cover themselves from Had to cover themselves from

head to toe when outhead to toe when outLower-class womenLower-class women

Worked in the fields or Worked in the fields or spinning and weavingspinning and weaving

International Trade International Trade Routes during the Routes during the

GuptasGuptas

Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:4c4c

spices

spices

spicesspices

gold & gold &

ivoryivorygold & gold & ivoryivory

rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses

cotton goodscotton goods

cotton goodscotton goodssilkssilks

KalidasaKalidasa

The greatest of Indian poets.The greatest of Indian poets. His most famous play was His most famous play was ShakuntalaShakuntala.. During the reign of Chandra Gupta During the reign of Chandra Gupta II. II.

GuptGuptaa

ArtArt

Greatly influenced Greatly influenced Southeast Asian art & Southeast Asian art &

architecture.architecture.

MedicineMedicine LiteratureLiterature

MathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomy

PrintedPrintedmedicinal medicinal

guidesguides

1000 1000 diseasesdiseasesclassifiedclassified

PlasticPlasticSurgerySurgery

C-sectionsC-sectionsperformeperforme

dd

InoculatioInoculationsns

500 healing500 healingplants plants

identifiedidentified

DecimalDecimalSystemSystem

ConceptConceptof Zeroof Zero

PI = 3.1416PI = 3.1416

KalidasKalidasaa

SolarSolarCalendarCalendar

The The earthearth

is roundis round

GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia

Gupta Gupta AchievemenAchievemen

tsts

Scientific and Artistic Scientific and Artistic ContributionsContributions

• MathematicsMathematics– Zero & decimal systemZero & decimal system

• MedicineMedicine– Used herbs and other remedies to Used herbs and other remedies to

treat illnessestreat illnesses– Set bonesSet bones– Repair facial injuries w/ plastic surgeryRepair facial injuries w/ plastic surgery– Vaccinated ppl against smallpox 1,000 Vaccinated ppl against smallpox 1,000

years before Europe.years before Europe.

• ArchitectureArchitecture– Hindu temples- Square Hindu temples- Square

within a circlewithin a circle– Stupas- large dome-shaped Stupas- large dome-shaped

shrines that contained shrines that contained remains of holy peopleremains of holy people

• LiteratureLiterature– Sanskrit language – fables Sanskrit language – fables

and folk talesand folk tales– KalidasaKalidasa’’s s ShakuntalaShakuntala

The Decline of the The Decline of the GuptasGuptas Invasion of the White Huns in the 4c..Invasion of the White Huns in the 4c..

QUESTIONQUESTION:: Is the best literature and art written as Is the best literature and art written as the civilization is on the rise, at its the civilization is on the rise, at its height, or in its decline? height, or in its decline?

End of Gupta RuleEnd of Gupta Rule

•Weak rulersWeak rulers•Foreign invasionsForeign invasions

–White Huns from White Huns from Central AsiaCentral Asia•Disrupted tradeDisrupted trade

BhartrhariBhartrhari 5c India court poet and 5c India court poet and philosopher.philosopher.

Knowledge is man's crowning Knowledge is man's crowning mark,mark,A treasure secretly buried,A treasure secretly buried,The source of luxury, fame, and The source of luxury, fame, and bliss,bliss,A guru most venerable,A guru most venerable,A friend on foreign journeys,A friend on foreign journeys,The pinnacle of divinity.The pinnacle of divinity.Knowledge is valued by kings Knowledge is valued by kings beyond wealth--- beyond wealth---When he lacks it, a man is a When he lacks it, a man is a brute.brute.