december 10, 2003 ivan vitev 1 jet tomography jet tomography ivan vitev iowa state university iowa...
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December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 1
Jet Jet TomographyTomography
Ivan VitevIvan Vitev Iowa State UniversityIowa State University
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 2
Outline of the TalkOutline of the Talk
Conclusions: Properties of cold and hot nuclear matter Evidence for the creation of the QGP at RHIC
Applications of Jet Tomography
Suppression of hadrons in semi-inclusive DIS Jet quenching in hot nuclear matter, transverse momentum, centrality and rapidity dependence Correlations and di-hadron tomography
Principles of Jet Tomography
Medium-induced gluon bremsstrahlung in QCD Implementations of jet energy loss
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
Future Experimental Directions
Entropy growth, reappearance of the lost energy Jet cone and intra-jet correlation studies
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 3
Principles of Jet Principles of Jet TomographyTomography
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
The QCD analogue of positron emission tomography
0 0
' / ( ') ' ( ')
0 0
( ')
( )
r r
abs absdr r dr r r
I r I e I e
Radionuclides: 11C, 13N, 15O, 18F
• Calibrated source
• Calculable absorption cross sections
• Interpretation of the results
e+
e+
Prerequisites:e+
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 4
• Inclusive hadron distributions – calculable in perturbative QCD
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
32 *
/
2
/
2
/( , ) ( , ) ( , )a ba A b B
ab cd
h ch cD z
ddt
df x Q f x Q
d pQE
ss ®
Äĵ Ä
Leading order pQCD phenomenology Next-to-Leading order pQCD
5 10pT [GeV]
Parton distribution functionsFragmentation functionsPerturbative cross sections
Calibrated ProbesCalibrated Probes
PHENIX Collab., Phys.Rev.Lett. 91 (2003)
I.V., hep-ph/0212109 [in CERN Yellow report]
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 5 Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
M.Gyulassy et al., Nucl.Phys.B594(2001); Phys.Rev.Lett.85 (2000)
(1) R s
3(1)
2
2g
g
2R s
2CE Log ... ,
4
Static medium
9 C 1E Log ... ,
4 A
(L)
dNdy (L
1+1D
)
L 2E
Bjo
L
2EL
L
rken
nz
,n nq a
,n nq a
nznz
,n nq a
,n nq a
nz
,n nq a
,n nq a ++ˆ = R
Exact algebraic recursion(Reaction operator approach)
Effective 2D Schroedinger equation
Path integral formulation
R.Baier et al., Nucl.Phys.B483 (1997); ibid. 484 (1997)
B.Zakharov, JETP Lett. 63 (1996)U.Wiedemann, Nucl.Phys.B588 (2000)
Radiative QCD Energy Radiative QCD Energy Loss Loss
• Elastic energy loss• Radiative energy loss
2 2 /2
46 1 ln jetelastic T
s
E TE T e
TL
J.D.Bjorken, SLAC preprint (1982) unpublished
versus
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 6
Gluon Absorption and Mass Gluon Absorption and Mass EffectsEffects
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
Detailed balance significantly reduces energy loss for at RHIC 2 3jetE GeV
0.5gT GeV
E.Wang, X.-N.Wang, Phys.Rev.Lett. 87 (2001)
(1) 2
2
2
(1) 2
2
2
2
2ln 0.048
4
6 '(2)ln 1
3
rad
ab
g
g
s F
s s FE
L
E
L
E
E C E
E L
E C L
E T
T
M.Djordjevic, M.Gyulassy, nucl-th/0310076
Mass corrections and Ter-Mikayelian plasmon effect in QCD
Reduction of E-loss
11
(1 ) (1 )
2
2 22
2 2
22
2
,g
n ngm x M
m
xE
k k k
x Mx
p Ek k
Heavy quarks
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 7
Modified Jet Cross SectionsModified Jet Cross Sections
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISUR.Baier et al., JHEP0109 , (2001)
Quenching factor Q(pT) same as
Leading parton RAA(pT)
g* grad
q
0
partond
hadrond• Modified fragmentation functions
• Reduced partonic cross sections
Typical LHC
2 2
2
21,
( ) 2 2
2( ) exp
ˆ
2
vac
TT
T
n
T
cR s
gc
d L L
pdp
Q p Cp
n
q
2 20.045 / , 1 /ˆ ˆcold hotGeV fm GeV mq fq
2
2
( ) /
/
AAT
AA ppbin T
d b dyd pR
N d dyd p
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 8
Effective Suppression Effective Suppression of Fragmentation of Fragmentation
Functions Functions
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
C.Salgado, U.Wiedemann, Phys.Rev.Lett. 89 (2002)
Kniehl, Kramer, Potter fragmentation functions
z=ph/pc1
2 2/ /
0
1( , ) ,
1 1( )med vac
h q h qz
D z Q d D QP
0 1
1
( )1
!
( )
ni
in i
dN ndid
i jet
dNd
n dP
eE
• Independent Poisson approximation for multiple gluon emission
Probability for fractional energy loss / jetE E
Normalized for suppressed leading hadrons (no feedback)
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 9 Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
DIS TomographyDIS Tomography
2
2 22
22
/ 2 , 1/
( ) 1( ) 6 ln
2
A A
A
A
B N
s B
c B
x Q p q m
C
x R
x
Q xC Q
N Q xz
E.Wang, X.-N.Wang, Phys.Rev.Lett. 89 (2002)
z zE E E
2L
/ 0.5 0.6 /cold
dE dL GeV fm
E’
E
*
0
F.Arleo, Eur.Phys.J. C30 (2003)
'E E - radiative energy loss fractionz
- energy transfer
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 10 Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
QGP TomographyQGP Tomography
I.V., M.Gyulassy, Phys.Rev.Lett. 89 (2002)
PHENIX Collab., Phys.Rev.Lett. 91 (2003)STAR Collab., Phys.Rev.Lett. 91 (2003)
Absolute scale
2 2 2 3 4, ,pl T T T
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 11
Centrality DependenceCentrality Dependence
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISUX.-N.Wang, nucl-th/0305010
G.G.Barnafoldi et al., hep-ph/0311343
Small number of semihard scatterings
1.5( ) 3.5( )scatn peripheral central 2/3
(1 ) ) ( /AA T
part
T
T
T
nTpR p
N
p
p
p
c
E
E
1+1D GLV
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 12
Rapidity DependenceRapidity Dependence
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
1+1D GLV( ) / ( )0AA AAR RR
(a double ratio)
T.Hirano, Y.Nara, Phys.Rev.C68 (2003)
• Energy loss in a 3+1D hydro
A.Adil, M.Gyulassy, I.V., in preparation
0 0( ) ( ) 1/ /partonA dN dy
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 13
g*
grad
2Farh
Di-Hadron TomographyDi-Hadron Tomography
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
q
1trigh
grad
2Nearh
Near
Far
QGP
J.W.Qiu, I.V., Phys.Lett.B570 (2003)
• Di-jet acoplanarity (insufficient)• Away-side quenching
( )1 2
1 23 3
1
4
2
2 2* */ /
2 2
/ /
( , , ) ( ,
( , ) ( , )
, )
/
c Tc d Tdh c h d
h h a ba A
a cb
c
d
b
b B
a d
f x Q f x Q
D z j Q
dE E
d
p p p
D
d pd
j
p
Q
d
z
p
ts
s
d
®
Ä + -
Ä
µ
Ä
-
Ä
Ä
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 14 Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
Near- and Far-Side Near- and Far-Side CorrelationsCorrelations
T.Hirano, Y.Nara, Phys.Rev.Lett.91 (2003)
2
1( )
trig
dNC
N d
• Unaltered near-side correlations
• Disappearance of the away-side correlations
K. Filimonov [STAR Collab.], DNP’03 meeting
x
yz
Out-of-plane
In-plane
Trigger
Trigger
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 15
The “Remnants of Lost The “Remnants of Lost Jets”Jets”
d+Au
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISUI.V., GLV e-loss simulation
1, |
1
( / )
(1 ) / ), | (
( )
( )
(( 1 (
( )
) ) )
T cut
T cut
Tz E n
z E n
n jen
n
t
n jet
cutp
p
E z E
z
E
P
p P
EE
4 GeV < pTtig < 6 GeV
|y|<1
b=0 fm
y=0
b=0 fm
100% recovered
1 1 ( , )( , )
4 4 ( ,
( )
)trig
Tx
g
x x
EN S
T
rr
r
p d pp p
600 MeV
• Reappearance of the lost energy
• Entropy growth • Momentum sum rules
S.Pal, S.Pratt, Phys.Lett.B574 (2003)
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 16
Broadening of the Jet ConeBroadening of the Jet Cone
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
2 2R
C.Salgado, U.Wiedemann, hep-ph/0310079
Jet cone opening angle
• Intra-jet correlations
( )1( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
+ 1 (
1
)
vac
me
t
jetsjets t
t
td
t
v
vt
ac
ac
RR
R
RR R
E
E
R
E
N E
E
E
- fraction of the total energy within a jet subcone
( )R
Very small effect even at the LHC
5% effec 0.3
5 t
3% effect
0 ,
100 , t
t
E Ge
E GeR
V
V
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 17
Summary of Dense Nuclear Summary of Dense Nuclear MatterMatter
SPS 2-3.5 0.8
210-240 1.5-2.5 1.4-2 200-350
RHIC 7-10 0.6
380-400 14-20 6-7 800-1200
LHC 17-28 0.2
710-850 190-400 18-23 2000-3500
SPS RHIC LHC
F.Karsch, Nucl.Phys.A698 (2002)
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
0[ ]fm [ ]T MeV [ ]tot fm3[ / ]GeV fm /gdN dy
36.8 , 175 , 1 /Au c cR fm T MeV GeV fm
*dE GeV
dz fm
DIS quenching 0.5 0.12
Drell-Yan 0.6 0.45
0.14 0.45
Cronin effect 0.4-0.6 0.1-0.14
Th. estimate 0.2 0.05
dE GeV
dz fm
2 2
g
GeV
fm
F.Arleo, hep-ph/0310274 [CERN Yellow Report]
Hot versus cold nuclear matter
Properties of Dense Nuclear Properties of Dense Nuclear MatterMatter
December 10, 2003 Ivan Vitev 18
ConclusionsConclusions
Ivan Vitev,Ivan Vitev, ISUISU
Significant theoretical advances in understanding non-Abelian bremsstrahlung: - Regimes far from asymptopia (E,L) relevant at RHIC - Incorporating mass and gluon absorption corrections
Jet tomographic analysis:
- Cold nuclear matter - Suggests energy density at RHIC (static)
Future directions of high-pT studies in dense nuclear matter:
- Correlations and jet structure, redistribution of - Quantitative studies of open charm and direct photons
Results from Jet Tomography correlated with other theoretical approaches are in strong support of the QGP paradigm at RHIC
315 20 /GeV fm / 0.5 /raddE dz GeV fm
radE
/ 15 /raddE dz GeV fm