debt management
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Debt Management. An issuer’s and an investor’s point of view. Market We Work In:. General Fund Financings in a Bankruptcy World. A Word About Lease Financings. COPs / Lease Revenue Bonds were created to circumvent statutory limitations on debt issuance - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Debt ManagementAn issuer’s and an investor’s point of view
Stifel Nicolaus
Jones Hall Franklin Templeton
City of San José
Sara BrownManaging Director
Steve MelikianPartner
Jennifer JohnstonAnalyst, Municipal Bonds
Peter DetlefsDebt Administrator
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Market We Work In:General Fund Financings in a Bankruptcy World
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A Word About Lease Financings•COPs / Lease Revenue Bonds were created
to circumvent statutory limitations on debt issuance▫ Not considered “debt” because of judicially recognized
exception to debt limit for leases•Obligation to budget and appropriate the
lease payment so long as city has use/possession of an identified asset ▫ Because the lease payments must be appropriated annually,
they are not binding on future councils ▫ Market perceives a difference among city-owned assets:
essentiality
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Credit Market Concerns Reflect the Inherent Structure of this “Debt”
•No clear prioritization of debt repayment vs. other general fund expenditures
•Possible unwillingness to repossess the leased asset
•Possible inability to re-let the leased asset
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Rating Agencies React•Moody’s recently increased its differential
between a city’s GO bonds and its general fund obligations, because leases:▫are highly exposed to city’s general
finances▫compete with other city funding priorities▫For most cities, the result is a 2-notch
differential •S&P has traditionally concluded on a 1-
notch differential
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Best of Times // Worst of Times•Best of Times:
1. Interest rates in general are extremely low
•Worst of Times:1. Relative to the general market, interest
rates for general fund leases are higher Wider spreads to MMD
2. Concerns about future downgrades
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Investor Reaction •Several large institutional funds will no
longer purchase lease-backed obligations▫Insurance provides no value
•For the most part, individual retail investors will not purchase lease transactions▫Just too much risk▫Maybe insurance will resurrect interest
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Concerns Lead to Bifurcated Market• Issuance w/ Relative
Ease▫Large transactions
> $50 million ▫Well-known
municipality▫Frequent participant
in market
→ more secondary market liquidity
•Issuance w/ Market Challenges▫Small transactions
<$30 million▫Less-known
municipality▫Infrequent issuer
→ less secondary market liquidity
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Black & White:Bond Counsel “Clarifies” Bankruptcy Law
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POTENTIAL AREAS OF SAVINGS IN BANKRUPTCY•Labor Contracts•Pensions (?)•Retiree Health Care•Bond Debt Service•Constitutional Limitation on Debt
Prevents Other Long-term General Fund Liabilities
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Labor Contracts•Cut Pay
•Cut Benefits
•Cut Employees
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Pensions (?)•Are Pensions protected in Bankruptcy?•Two arguments against changing:
▫ Pensions are contracts and have special statutory protection under State law that cannot be impaired
▫ California courts have continually upheld the primacy of pensions, which should be honored by a Federal bankruptcy judge
•“Impairment” requires:▫ a legitimate fiscal crisis or emergency;▫ that the proposed solution is reasonable and necessary to
address the fiscal crisis or emergency; and▫ That there is not a less intrusive way to accomplish the same
result
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Retiree Health Care•Appears to have no similar (to Pensions)
protection under California Law
•Stockton has reduced its payments for Retiree Health Care
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Bond Debt Service•Revenue Bonds with statutory liens are
protected in a Chapter 9 Proceeding•Sentiment is that G.O. Bonds are similarly
protected since tax overrides can only be used for G.O. Bond Debt Service
•General Fund Obligations –COPs, Lease Revenue Bonds & POBs– are at risk
•Asset Essentiality becomes important as the bankrupt entity seeks to “walk away” from the lease
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Creditor’s Commentary:An Investor Explains It’s Decision Tree
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Decision-Making Process•Bond Security•Issuer Credit
Quality▫ Legal/structural
framework▫ Financial position▫ Debt & pension burden
•Disclosure•Market
▫ Supply of alternative bonds
▫ Retail•Buy – Sell - Hold
Bond SecurityIssuer Credit Quality
▫ Demographics, economy & wealth indicators
▫ Discussion with management
Disclosure•Market
▫ Rates▫ Daily pricing of the funds
Buy – Sell - Hold
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How Have Things Changed?•Insurance
•Ratings
•Media / Headline Risk
•Disclosure
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Challenges•Decision-making in a political
environment•Pensions, unions, long-term liabilities•Bankruptcy•Appropriation risk•Essentiality•Headlines/Media•Partnerships between issuers and buyers
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Speaking to the Market:An Issuer Explains It’s Debt Management Procedures
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Primary Disclosure•Development of an Official Statement
•Appendix A – general City information prepared and updated by City staff
•Actively engage more staff in disclosure process▫ Budget Office▫ Retirement Staff▫ Public Works▫ City Attorney’s Office
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Evolving Pension Disclosure•Growth in sheer volume of pension
disclosure▫ Between 2003 and 2013, increased from 2 pages to 40
pages
•Extensive review, each and every time enter the capital markets by: ▫ Plan Actuary▫ Retirement Staff▫ City Attorney’s Office▫ Disclosure Counsel
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Secondary Market Disclosure•Annual Report pursuant to requirements
of Continuing Disclosure Agreement
•Rating Agencies’ Periodic Review
•Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
•Material Event Notices
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Reporting•Publically available reporting and periodic
education with City Council on matters related to disclosure and finances▫ Quarterly investment and debt reports▫ Comprehensive annual debt report▫ Monthly financial reports▫ Comprehensive staff reports highlighting key disclosure
issues▫ City Council study sessions
•CAFR presented to City Council within 5 months after end of Fiscal Year
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Key Points We ALWAYS Remember•Disclosure is the CITY’S responsibility
•Cannot solely rely on consultants▫ Be active and INVOLVED in the process
•Disclosure is hard work and is NEVER done
•Disclosure is CRITICAL to the city’s success in the marketplace