Deammonification and Humboldt

Treatment Process

Sidestreams

Sidestream Characteristics1. Concentrated Nutrient Loads constituting 15-25% of TN. Ammonia:

500-1500mg/L

2. Low Alkalinity: Typically contains 50% alkalinity needed for nitrification of ammonia

3. Relatively low BOD/COD

4. Small Flows – often intermittent and resulting in high peak load to the mainstream process.

5. Can change characteristics of influent impacting sensitive biological processes and varying demand for chemical dose.

Why consider sidestream treatment?

• A plant can often reuse existing infrastructure to reduce project costs.

• Treatment is usually economical when sidestreams contribute greater than 15% of TN load.

Treatment Alternatives Available

Biological Physico-Chemical

Bioaugmentation Coagulant Aided Precipitation

In-Nitri

BABE Struvite Precipitation

NYC at 3 Ostara

Maureen MFH

Nitritation/Denitritation Procorp/DHV

SHARON Paques

Deammonification

ANAMMOX Ammonia Stripping

DEMON

CLEAR Green

ANITA-Mox Ion Exchange

Deammonification

Benefits of Deammonification vs Conventional Nitrification/Denitrification

• Aeration energy savings from 55-60%• 100% Savings BOD/COD. i.e. No carbon needed for

nitrogen removal• Net consumer of CO2vs release of CO2 with

conventional• Alkalinity demand reduced by 45% (no additional

alkalinity required)• Reduction in solids production

Deammonification-unusual metabolismType of Bacteria

Common Reaction Name

Carbon Source

Electron Donor (substrate oxidized)

Electron Accepter

Products

Aerobic Heterotrophic

Aerobic oxidation

Organic compounds

Organic compounds

Oxygen CO2, H2O

Aerobic autotrophic

Nitrification CO2 NH4+, NO2- Oxygen NO2-, NO3-

Facultative Heterotrophic

Denitrification/anoxic reaction

Organic compounds

Organic Compounds

NO2-, NO3- N2, CO2, H2O

Obligate Chemolitho autotrophic

Anammox/deammonification

CO2 NH4+ NO2- N2, NO3-, H2O

What is Deammonification

• Conventional Nitrification/Denitrification

NH4-N is oxidized under aerobic conditions to NO2-N or NO3-N by autotrophic bacteria, and then the NO2-N or NO3-N is reduced to N2 under anoxic conditions, with the consumption of organic substances by heterotrophic bacteria.

Deammonification

Deammonification

Deammonification

Deammonification

Anammox granules

Anammox granules vs biofilm

Deammonification Technologies

DEMON™ ANITA Mox™ Cleargreen™ ANAMMOXTM

Reactor Configuration SBR with Hydrocyclone MBBR SBR

Biomass characteristic Floc Biofilm Floc granular

Control Parameters pH, NH4 Loading Ph, NH4 Loading NH4 Loading, aeration

Power Consumption (kWh/kg N)

1.16 1.45-1.75

Design Loading (kg N/m3-d)

0.7-0.8 1.2-2.0

Technology Provider World Water Works Veolia/Kruger Degremont Paques

ANNAMOXTM vs Conventional

Conventional Treatment ANAMMOX

Power 3-5 1-2 kWh/kg N

Methanol 2.5-3 0 kg/kg N

Sludge Production 0.5-1 0.1 kg VSS/kg N

CO2 Emissions >4.7 0.7 kg/kg N

Total Costs 4-6 1-3 $/kg N

Deammonification Characteristics

Slow growth rate: Double every 10-11 days

Growth Rate Population after 11 days

Anammox 11 days 1.0*21=2

Nitrobacter 13 hours 1.0 *220=1,050,000

Nitrosomomas 7 hours 1.4*238=138,000,000,000

E. Coli 17 minutes 1.0*2931

Deammonification Characteristics

Requirements to favor growth of deammonifiers:- Maintain long SRT. Retain the right bacteria

(selective wasting) - Temperature control- pH control- DO Control - Free ammonia control- Limit available carbon (BOD)

Process ConfigurationsDEMON (World Water Works) Sequencing Batch Reactor:- Acronym for DEamMONification

-Includes a hydrocyclone to separate granual anammox bacteria from the floc-forming AOBs and NOBs

-The heavier anammox are returned to the reactor, the flocs are separated and wasted.

-This allows the system to control the accumulation of NOBs and stabilize performance.

Anammox

Floc Granules

DEMON

DEMON

Hydrocyclone

Moving Bed BioFilm Reactors (MBBR)Biofilm grown on media.

Moving Bed Biofilm MediaAOB and anammox bacteria are established within the biofilm.

The biofilm tends to locate in protected regions of the support media.

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors

Media in Reactor

AnitaMoxA single stage deammonification MBBR by Veolia.

Media with protected surface area for biofilm growth of 1,200 m2/m3

Volumetric ammonium-N removal rate of up to 1.2kg-N/m3.day with a 40% media fill and temperature range of 27-300C

Summary

• Deammonification has been found to be:- Technically and economically feasible- Several technology options have been tested

and commercialized - More than 50 Full size deammonification units

have been constructed since first full scale in 2001.

Deammonification and HumboldtCandidates: Cities of Fortuna, Eureka, Arcata.

Compelling Factors:Regulatory: Fortuna: Surface Discharge facing stringent nutrient removal

Eureka, Arcata: Ocean and Bay discharge. No current nutrient regulations. Future regulation?Example JWPCB of the LACSD

Cost: Evaluation of cost/benefits of collaboration?

JWPCPJoint Water Pollution Control Plant-One of the largest wwtp in the world-Permitted capacity 400 mgd-Population served approx 3.5 mm-Discharge outfalls 1.5 miles off Palos Verdes peninsula to depth of 200ft.

Aeration Basin

Decant

Gravity Belt Thickener

Anaerobic Digester

Digester Mixing Pumps

Heat Exhanger

Belt Filter Press

Dewatered BFP Sludge

Sidestream Basin

Anammox – Bench Scale

Anammox –Bench Scale

Anammox-Bench Scale

Thank You