db2 sql examples

7/23/2019 DB2 SQL Examples

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EMP_NM EMP_JB SELECT nm.id ANSWER+----------+ +--------+ ,nm.name ================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | ,!."! ID NAME JOB|--|-------| |--|-----| #ROM em$_nm nm -- ------- -----|%&|Sande'(| |%&|Sa)e(| ,em$_! ! %& Sande'( Sa)e(|&|Pe'na) | |&|C)e'| WERE nm.id = !.id & Pe'na) C)e'

|&|ane( | +--------+ ORDER B %/+----------+Figure 1, Join example

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EMP_NM EMP_JB SELECT nm.id ANSWER+----------+ +--------+ ,nm.name ================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | ,!."! ID NAME JOB|--|-------| |--|-----| #ROM em$_nm nm -- ------- -----|%&|Sande'(| |%&|Sa)e(| LE#T O0TER JOIN %& Sande'( Sa)e(|&|Pe'na) | |&|C)e'| em$_! ! & Pe'na) C)e'|&|ane( | +--------+ ON nm.id = !.id & ane( -

+----------+ ORDER B nm.id/Figure 2,Left-outer-join example

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EMP_NM EMP_JB SELECT * ANSWER+----------+ +--------+ #ROM em$_nm nm ========|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | WERE NOT E1ISTS ID NAME|--|-------| |--|-----| 2SELECT * == =====|%&|Sande'(| |%&|Sa)e(| #ROM em$_! ! & ane(|&|Pe'na) | |&|C)e'| WERE nm.id = !.id3|&|ane( | +--------+ ORDER B id/+----------+Figure 3, ub-!uer" example

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EMP_NM EMP_JB SELECT * ANSWER+----------+ +--------+ #ROM em$_nm =========|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | WERE name 4 5S5 ID |--|-------| |--|-----| 0NION -- ------|%&|Sande'(| |%&|Sa)e(| SELECT * %& Sa)e(|&|Pe'na) | |&|C)e'| #ROM em$_! & C)e'|&|ane( | +--------+ ORDER B %,/ & Pe'na)+----------+ & ane(Figure #, $nion example

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EMP_JB SELECT id+--------+ ,"! ANSWER|ID|JOB | ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B "!3 AS R ==========|--|-----| #ROM em$_! ID JOB R|%&|Sa)e(| ORDER B "!/ -- ----- -|&|C)e'| & C)e' %+--------+ %& Sa)e( Figure 5, %&&ign ro'-number& example

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EMP_JB SELECT id ANSWER+--------+ ,"! ===============|ID|JOB | ,CASE ID JOB STAT0S|--|-----| WEN "! = 5Sa)e(5 -- ----- ------|%&|Sa)e(| TEN 5#i'e5 %& Sa)e( #i'e|&|C)e'| ELSE 5Dem"7e5 & C)e' Dem"7e

+--------+ END AS STAT0S #ROM em$_!/Figure (, )a&e &tmt example

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#AMIL WIT 7em$ 2$e'(n, )8)3 AS ANSWER+-----------+ 2SELECT $a'n7, % =========|PARNT|CILD| #ROM 9ami): PERSN L6L|-----|-----| WERE $a'n7 = 5Dad5 ----- ---|;'Dad|Dad | 0NION ALL Dad %|Dad |D<7'| SELECT >i)d, L8) + % D<7' |D<7'|;'S"n| #ROM 7em$, ;'S"n ?

|D<7'|;'D7'| 9ami): ;'D7' ?+-----------+ WERE $e'(n = $a'n73 SELECT * #ROM 7em$/Figure *, +eur&ion example

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INP0T DATA Re>@'(i8e SL ANSWER================= ============ ===========S"me (i)): 7e7 TE1T LINE ----- ----- S"me % (i)):

7e7 ?Figure , )onert &tring to ro'&

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INP0T DATA Re>@'(i8e SL ANSWER=========== ============ =================TE1T LINE S"me (i)): 7e7----- -----S"me %(i)): 7e7 ?Figure /, )onert ro'& to &tring

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EMP_NM SELECT * ANSWER+----------+ #ROM em$_nm =========|ID|NAME | ORDER B id DESC ID NAME|--|-------| #ETC #IRST ROWS ONL/ -- ------|%&|Sande'(| & ane(|&|Pe'na) | & Pe'na)|&|ane( |+----------+Figure 10, Feth fir&t n ro'& example

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EMP_NM SELECT * ANSWER+----------+ #ROM em$_nm ==========|ID|NAME | WERE name )ie 5SF5 ID NAME|--|-------| WIT 0R/ -- -------|%&|Sande'(| %& Sande'(|&|Pe'na) ||&|ane( |

+----------+Figure 11, Feth 4 $+ example

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EMP_NM SELECT A6;2id3 AS a8< ANSWER+----------+ ,MA12name3 AS man =================|ID|NAME | ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( A6; MA1N ROWS|--|-------| #ROM em$_nm/ --- ------- -----|%&|Sande'(| H Sande'( ?|&|Pe'na) ||&|ane( |+----------+

Figure 12, )olumn Funtion& example

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SELECT "! ANSWER ,de$7 ======================= ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (@m_(a) JOB DEPT S0M_SAL EMP ,CO0NT2*3 AS em$( ----- ---- -------- ----#ROM (7a99 C)e' % HH.& WERE de$7 4 ?& C)e' & .? AND (a)a': 4 &&&& C)e' - .& AND "! 4 5S5 M<' %& %KH&. %;RO0P B ROLL0P2"!, de$73 M<' & %?.& %ORDER B "! M<' - ?H%.

,de$7/ - - K&%%.& HFigure %?, S@!7"7a) and ;'and-7"7a) eam$)e

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--SET DELIMITER SELECT name #ROM (7a99 WERE id = %&--SET DELIMITER /SELECT name #ROM (7a99 WERE id = &/Figure %, Se7 De)imi7e' eam$)e

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CREATE TABLE em$)":ee2em$n" CARACTER 2&&&&H3 NOT N0LL,9i'(7nme 6ARCAR 2&&&%3 NOT N0LL,midini7 CARACTER 2&&&&%3 NOT N0LL,)a(7name 6ARCAR 2&&&%3 NOT N0LL,G"'de$7 CARACTER 2&&&&?3,$"nen" CARACTER 2&&&&3,i'eda7e DATE,"! CARACTER 2&&&&3,ed)e8e) SMALLINT NOT N0LL,SE1 CARACTER 2&&&&%3,!i'7da7e DATE,(a)a': DECIMAL 2&&&&K,&3

,!"n@( DECIMAL 2&&&&K,&3,>"mm DECIMAL 2&&&&K,&3 3DATA CAPT0RE NONE/Figure %H, DB (am$)e 7a!)e - EMPLOEE

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CREATE 6IEW em$)":ee_8ieG ASSELECT a.em$n", a.9i'(7nme, a.(a)a':, a.G"'de$7

#ROM em$)":ee aWERE a.(a)a': = 2SELECT A6;2!.(a)a':3 #ROM em$)":ee ! WERE a.G"'de$7 = !.G"'de$73/Figure %, DB (am$)e 8ieG - EMPLOEE_6IEW

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CREATE 6IEW (i)): 2>%, >, >?3AS 6AL0ES 2%%, 5AAA5, SMALLINT233 ,2%, 5BBB5, SMALLINT2??33 ,2%?, 5CCC5, N0LL3/

Figure %, De9ine a 8ieG @(in< a 6AL0ES >)a@(e

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SELECT >%, >, >? ANSWER#ROM (i)): ===========ORDER B >% aSC/ C% C C? -- --- -- %% AAA % BBB ?? %? CCC -Figure %K, SELECT 9'"m a 8ieG 7a7 a( i7( "Gn da7a

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CREATE 6IEW 7e(7_da7a ASWIT 7em$% 2n@m%3 AS26AL0ES 2%3 0NION ALL SELECT n@m% + % #ROM 7em$% WERE n@m% 4 %&&&&3SELECT *#ROM 7em$%/Figure &, De9ine a 8ieG 7a7 >'ea7e( da7a "n 7e 9):

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CREATE ALIAS em$)":ee_a)% #OR em$)":ee/COMMIT/ CREATE ALIAS em$)":ee_a) 9OR em$)":ee_a)%/COMMIT/ CREATE ALIAS em$)":ee_a)? #OR em$)":ee_a)/COMMIT/Figure %, De9ine 7'ee a)ia(e(, 7e )a77e' "n 7e ea')ie'

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CREATE NICNAME em$ #OR @ni(e'8e'.$'"d@>7i"n.em$)":ee/Figure , De9ine a ni>name

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SELECT *

#ROM (7a99 TABLESAMPLE BERNO0LLI2%&3/Figure ?, TABLESAMPLE eam$)e

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CREATE TABLE (a)e(_'e>"'d2(a)e( INTE;ER NOT N0LL ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT 2START WIT % ,INCREMENT B % ,NO MA16AL0E ,NO CCLE3,(a)e_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL

,n@m_i7em( SMALLINT NOT N0LL,$a:men7_7:$e CAR23 NOT N0LL,(a)e_8a)@e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,(a)e(_7a DECIMAL2%,3,em$)":ee INTE;ER NOT N0LL,CONSTRAINT (a)e(% CEC2$a:men7_7:$e IN 25CS5,5CR533,CONSTRAINT (a)e( CEC2(a)e_8a)@e &3,CONSTRAINT (a)e(? CEC2n@m_i7em( &3,CONSTRAINT (a)e( #OREI;N E2em$)":ee3 RE#ERENCES (7a992id3 ON DELETE RESTRICT,PRIMAR E2(a)e(33/Figure , Sam$)e 7a!)e de9ini7i"n

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CREATE TABLE de9a@)7_8a)@e(2>% CAR NOT N0LL,d% DECIMAL NOT N0LL3/Figure , Ta!)e Gi7 de9a@)7 >")@mn )en<7(

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LABELED D0RATIONS ITEM WORS WIT DATETIME4------------------------ #I1ED 4---------------------SIN;0LAR PL0RAL SIE DATE TIME TIMESTAMP=========== ============ ===== ==== ==== =========

EAR EARS N - MONT MONTS N - DA DAS - O0R O0RS - MIN0TE MIN0TES - SECOND SECONDS - MICROSECOND MICROSECONDS - Figure H, La!e)ed D@'a7i"n( and Da7eTime T:$e(***********************************************************************

ANSWER ==========SELECT (a)e(_da7e 4= %KK-%-?% ,(a)e(_da7e - %& DA AS d% 4= %KK-%-% ,(a)e(_da7e + -% MONT AS d 4= %KK-%%-?& ,(a)e(_da7e + KK EARS AS d? 4= &K-%-?% ,(a)e(_da7e + DAS - MONTS AS d 4= %KK-&-

,(a)e(_da7e + 2+H3 DAS AS d 4= %KKH-&%-%&#ROM (a)e(WERE (a)e(_$e'("n = 5;O0NOT5 AND (a)e(_da7e = 5%KK-%-?%5Figure , Eam$)e, La!e)ed D@'a7i"n @(a<e

*********************************************************************** ANSWER ==========SELECT (a)e(_da7e 4= %KK-%-?% ,(a)e(_da7e + MONT AS d% 4= %KKH-&-K ,(a)e(_da7e + ? MONTS AS d 4= %KKH-&?-?% ,(a)e(_da7e + MONT

+ % MONT AS d? 4= %KKH-&?-K ,(a)e(_da7e + 2+%3 MONTS AS d 4= %KKH-&?-?%#ROM (a)e(WERE (a)e(_$e'("n = 5;O0NOT5 AND (a)e(_da7e = 5%KK-%-?%5/Figure , Addin< M"n7( - 6a':in< Re(@)7(

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D0RATION-TPE #ORMAT N0MBER-REPRESENTS 0SE-WIT-D-TPE============= ============= ===================== ===============DATE DECIMAL2,&3 ::::mmdd TIMESTAMP, DATETIME DECIMAL2H,&3 mm(( TIMESTAMP, TIMETIMESTAMP DECIMAL2&,H3 ::::mmddmm((.QQQQQQ TIMESTAMPFigure K, Da7eTime D@'a7i"n(

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SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,i'eda7e ==================================== ,!i'7da7e EMPNO IREDATE BIRTDATE ,i'eda7e - !i'7da7e ------ ---------- ---------- -------#ROM em$)":ee &&&%& %K-&-% %K-&-% &H.WERE G"'de$7 = 5D%%5 &&&&& %KHH-&?-&? %K%-&-K &K&. AND )a(7name 4 5L5 &&&%& %KK-&-%% %K?-&-? H&%%H.ORDER B em$n"/Figure ?&, Da7e D@'a7i"n ;ene'a7i"n

*********************************************************************** ANSWER ==========SELECT i'eda7e 4= %K-&-% ,i'eda7e - %?H. 4= &??-&?-H ,i'eda7e - %? :ea'( - H m"n7( - da:( 4= &??-&?-H#ROM em$)":eeWERE em$n" = 5&&&%&5/Figure ?%, S@!7'a>7in< a Da7e D@'a7i"n

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SPECIAL RE;ISTER 0PDATE DATA-TPE=============================================== ====== =============C0RRENT CLIENT_ACCTN; n" 6ARCAR23C0RRENT CLIENT_APPLNAME n" 6ARCAR23C0RRENT CLIENT_0SERID n" 6ARCAR23

C0RRENT CLIENT_WRSTNNAME n" 6ARCAR23C0RRENT DATE n" DATEC0RRENT DBPARTITIONN0M n" INTE;ERC0RRENT DE#A0LT TRANS#ORM ;RO0P :e( 6ARCAR2%3C0RRENT DE;REE :e( CAR23C0RRENT E1PLAIN MODE :e( 6ARCAR23C0RRENT E1PLAIN SNAPSOT :e( CAR23C0RRENT ISOLATION :e( CAR23C0RRENT LOC TIMEO0T :e( INTE;ERC0RRENT MAINTAINED TABLE TPES #OR OPTIMIATION :e( 6ARCAR23C0RRENT PACA;E PAT :e( 6ARCAR2&KH3C0RRENT PAT :e( 6ARCAR23C0RRENT 0ER OPTIMIATION :e( INTE;ER

C0RRENT RE#RES A;E :e( DECIMAL2&,H3C0RRENT SCEMA :e( 6ARCAR2%3C0RRENT SER6ER n" 6ARCAR2%3C0RRENT TIME n" TIMEC0RRENT TIMESTAMP n" TIMESTAMPC0RRENT TIMEONE n" DECIMAL2H,&3C0RRENT 0SER n" 6ARCAR2%3SESSION_0SER :e( 6ARCAR2%3SSTEM_0SER n" 6ARCAR2%30SER :e( 6ARCAR2%3Figure ?, DB S$e>ia) Re<i(7e'(

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SET C0RRENT ISOLATION = RR/SET C0RRENT SCEMA = 5ABC5/ ANSWER =======================SELECT C0RRENT TIME AS >@'_TIME C0R_TIME C0R_ISO C0R_ID ,C0RRENT ISOLATION AS >@'_ISO -------- ------- ------ ,C0RRENT SCEMA AS >@'_ID %%%H RR ABC#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/Figure ??, 0(in< S$e>ia) Re<i(7e'(

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CREATE DISTINCT TPE JAP_EN AS DECIMAL2%,3 WIT COMPARISONS/DROP DISTINCT TPE JAP_EN/

Figure ?, C'ea7e and d'"$ di(7in>7 7:$e***********************************************************************

CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'2id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,9name 6ARCAR2&&&%&3 NOT N0LL WIT DE#A0LT 55,)name 6ARCAR2&&&%3 NOT N0LL WIT DE#A0LT 55,da7e_"9_!i'7 DATE,>i7iQen(i$ CAR2&?3,@(a_(a)e( DECIMAL2K,3,e@'_(a)e( DECIMAL2K,3,(a)e(_"99i>e SMALLINT,)a(7_@$da7ed TIMESTAMP

,PRIMAR E2id33/Figure ?H, Sam$)e 7a!)e, Gi7"@7 di(7in>7 7:$e(

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SELECT id ,@(a_(a)e( + e@'_(a)e( AS 7"7_(a)e(#ROM >@(7"me'/Figure ?, Si)): @e':, !@7 G"'(

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CREATE DISTINCT TPE 0SA_DOLLARS AS DECIMAL2K,3 WIT COMPARISONS/CREATE DISTINCT TPE E0R_DOLLARS AS DECIMAL2K,3 WIT COMPARISONS/Figure ?, C'ea7e Di(7in>7 T:$e eam$)e(

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CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'2id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,9name 6ARCAR2&&&%&3 NOT N0LL WIT DE#A0LT 55,)name 6ARCAR2&&&%3 NOT N0LL WIT DE#A0LT 55,da7e_"9_!i'7 DATE

,>i7iQen(i$ CAR2&?3,@(a_(a)e( 0SA_DOLLARS,e@'_(a)e( E0R_DOLLARS,(a)e(_"99i>e SMALLINT,)a(7_@$da7ed TIMESTAMP,PRIMAR E2id33/Figure ?K, Sam$)e 7a!)e, Gi7 di(7in>7 7:$e(

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SELECT id ,@(a_(a)e( + e@'_(a)e( AS 7"7_(a)e(#ROM >@(7"me'/Figure &, Si)): @e':, n"G 9ai)(

SELECT id ,DECIMAL2@(a_(a)e(3 + DECIMAL2e@'_(a)e(3 AS 7"7_(a)e(#ROM >@(7"me'/Figure %, Si)): @e':, G"'( a<ain

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SELECT de$7n" ANSWER ,adm'de$7 =================== ,5ABC5 AS a!> DEPTNO ADMRDEPT ABC#ROM de$a'7men7 ------ -------- ---

WERE de$7name LIE 5FIN;F5 B&% A&& ABCORDER B %/ D%% D&% ABCFigure , Sam$)e SELECT (7a7emen7

***********************************************************************SELECT * ANSWER 2$a'7 "93#ROM de$a'7men7 ================WERE de$7name LIE 5FIN;F5 DEPTNO e7>...ORDER B %/ ------ ------ B&% PLANNIN; D%% MAN0#ACT0Figure , 0(e * 7" (e)e>7 a)) >")@mn( in 7a!)e

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SELECT de$7n" ANSWER 2$a'7 "93 ,de$a'7men7.* =======================#ROM de$a'7men7 DEPTNO DEPTNO e7>...WERE de$7name LIE 5FIN;F5 ------ ------ ------ORDER B %/ B&% B&% PLANNIN; D%% D%% MAN0#ACT0

Figure H, Se)e>7 an indi8id@a) >")@mn, and a)) >")@mn(***********************************************************************

SELECT de$a'7men7.* ANSWER 2$a'7 "93 ,de$a'7men7.* ================#ROM de$a'7men7 DEPTNO e7>...WERE de$7name LIE 5FNIN;F5 ------ ------ORDER B %/ B&% PLANNIN;Figure , Se)e>7 a)) >")@mn( 7Gi>e***********************************************************************

SELECT :ea'( ANSWER ,name =====================

,id EARS NAME ID#ROM (7a99 ------ --------- ----#ETC #IRST ? ROWS ONL/ Sande'( %& Pe'na) & Ma'en<i ?&Figure K, #ETC #IRST Gi7"@7 ORDER B, <e7( 'and"m '"G(

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SELECT :ea'( ANSWER ,name ===================== ,id EARS NAME ID#ROM (7a99 ------ --------- ----WERE :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %? ;'aam ?%&

ORDER B :ea'( DESC % J"ne( H&#ETC #IRST ? ROWS ONL/ %& ane( &Figure &, #ETC #IRST Gi7 ORDER B, <e7( G'"n< an(Ge'

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SELECT :ea'( ANSWER ,name ===================== ,id EARS NAME ID#ROM (7a99 ------ --------- ----WERE :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %? ;'aam ?%&ORDER B :ea'( DESC % J"ne( H& ,id DESC %& @i)) K&

#ETC #IRST ? ROWS ONL/Figure %, #ETC #IRST Gi7 ORDER B, <e7( 'i<7 an(Ge'

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SELECT a.em$n" ANSWER ,a.)a(7name =================#ROM em$)":ee a EMPNO LASTNAME ,2SELECT MA12em$n"3AS em$n" ------ ---------- #ROM em$)":ee3 AS ! &&&?& ;O0NOTWERE a.em$n" = !.em$n"/Figure , C"''e)a7i"n Name @(a<e eam$)e

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SELECT a.em$n" ANSWER ,a.)a(7name ====================== ,!.de$7n" AS de$7 EMPNO LASTNAME DEPT#ROM em$)":ee a ------ ---------- ---- ,de$a'7men7 ! &&&&K& ENDERSON E%%WERE a.G"'de$7 = !.de$7n" &&&& SCNEIDER E%% AND a."! 4 5SALESREP5 &&&K& PARER E%%

AND !.de$7name = 5OPERATIONS5 &&&?&& SMIT E%% AND a.(e IN 25M5,5#53 &&&?%& SETRI;T E%% AND !.)">a7i"n IS N0LLORDER B %/Figure ?, C"''e)a7i"n name @(a<e eam$)e

SELECT em$n" AS e_n@m ANSWER ,midini7 AS m in7 ===================

,$"nen" AS ... E_N0M M INT ...#ROM em$)":ee ------ ----- ----WERE em$n" 4 5&&&&?&5 &&&&%& I ?KORDER B %/ &&&&& L ?HFigure , Renamin< 9ie)d( @(in< AS

CREATE 8ieG em$ ASSELECT em$n" AS e_n@m ,midini7 AS m in7

,$"nen" AS ...#ROM em$)":ee/ ANSWER ===================SELECT * E_N0M M INT ...#ROM em$ ------ ----- ----WERE ... = 5?K5/ &&&&%& I ?KFigure , 6ieG 9ie)d name( de9ined @(in< AS

SELECT A6;2>"mm3 AS a% ANSWER ,S0M2>"mm3 CO0NT2*3 AS a ===============#ROM (7a99 A% AWERE id 4 %&&/ ------- ------ KH.& ?&.HFigure H, A6; "9 da7a >"n7ainin< n@)) 8a)@e(

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS n@m ANSWER

,MA12)a(7name3 AS ma ========#ROM em$)":ee N0M MA1WERE 9i'(7nme = 5#RED5/ --- --- & -Figure , ;e77in< a N0LL 8a)@e 9'"m a 9ie)d de9ined NOT N0LL

SELECT A6;2>"mm3 AS a% ANSWER ,S0M2>"mm3 CO0NT2*3 AS a ===============#ROM (7a99 A% AWERE id 4 %&& ------- ------ AND >"mm IS NOT N0LL/ KH.& KH.&Figure , A6; "9 7"(e '"G( 7a7 a'e n"7 n@))

SELECT 5JON5 AS J% ,5JON55S5 AS J ANSWER ,555JON55S555 AS J? ============================= ,5JON55S5 AS J J% J J? J#ROM (7a99 ---- ------ -------- --------WERE id = %&/ JON JON5S 5JON5S5 JON5SFigure K, @"7e @(a<e

SELECT id AS 0SER ID ANSWER

,de$7 AS D =============================== ,:ea'( AS 0SER ID D 5T1T5 @"7e 9)d ,5ABC5 AS 5T1T5 ------- -- -- ----- ----------- ,55 AS @"7e 9)d %& & ABC #ROM (7a99 ( & & ABC WERE id 4 & ?& ? ABC ORDER B 0SER ID/Figure H&, D"@!)e-@"7e @(a<e

Figure H%, Ba(i> P'edi>a7e (:n7a, % "9

SELECT id, "!, de$7 ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ===============WERE "! = 5M<'5 ID JOB DEPT AND NOT "! 4 5M<'5 --- ---- ---- AND NOT "! = 5Sa)e(5 %& M<' &

AND id 4 %&& ?& M<' ? AND id = & & M<' % AND id 4= %& %& M<' % AND NOT de$7 = &ORDER B id/Figure H, Ba(i> P'edi>a7e eam$)e(

Figure H?, Ba(i> P'edi>a7e (:n7a, "9

SELECT id, de$7, "! ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ===========WERE 2id,de$73 = 2?&,3 ID DEPT JOB OR 2id,:ea'(3 = 2K&, 3 -- ---- ---

OR 2de$7,"!3 = 2?,5M<'53 ?& ? M<'ORDER B %/Figure H, Ba(i> P'edi>a7e eam$)e, m@)7i-8a)@e >e>

SELECT id, de$7, "! ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ===========WERE 2id = ?& AND de$7 = 3 ID DEPT JOB OR 2id = K& AND :ea'( = 3 -- ---- --- OR 2de$7 = ? AND "! = 5M<'53 ?& ? M<'

ORDER B %/Figure H, Same @e': a( $'i"', @(in< indi8id@a) $'edi>a7e(

Figure HH, @an7i9ied P'edi>a7e (:n7a

SELECT id, "! ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ========WERE "! = AN 2SELECT "! #ROM (7a993 ID JOB AND id 4= ALL 2SELECT id #ROM (7a993 --- ----ORDER B id/ %& M<'Figure H, @an7i9ied P'edi>a7e eam$)e, 7G" (in<)e-8a)@e (@!-@e'ie(

SELECT id, de$7, "! ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ==============WERE 2id,de$73 = AN ID DEPT JOB 2SELECT de$7, id --- ---- ----- #ROM (7a993 & & Sa)e(ORDER B %/Figure H, @an7i9ied P'edi>a7e eam$)e, m@)7i-8a)@e (@!-@e':

Figure HK, BETWEEN P'edi>a7e (:n7a

SELECT id, "! ANSWER#ROM (7a99 =========

WERE id BETWEEN %& AND ?& ID JOB AND id NOT BETWEEN ?& AND %& --- ----- AND NOT id NOT BETWEEN %& AND ?& %& M<'ORDER B id/ & Sa)e( ?& M<'Figure &, BETWEEN P'edi>a7e eam$)e(

Figure %, E1ISTS P'edi>a7e (:n7a

SELECT id, "! ANSWER#ROM (7a99 a =========WERE E1ISTS ID JOB 2SELECT * --- ----- #ROM (7a99 ! %& M<' WERE !.id = a.id & Sa)e( AND !.id 4 &3 ?& M<'ORDER B id/ & Sa)e(

Figure , E1ISTS P'edi>a7e eam$)e

Figure ?, IN P'edi>a7e (:n7a

SELECT id, "! ANSWER#ROM (7a99 a =========WERE id IN 2%&,&,?&3 ID JOB AND id IN 2SELECT id --- ----- #ROM (7a993 %& M<' AND id NOT IN KK & Sa)e(ORDER B id/ ?& M<'Figure , IN P'edi>a7e eam$)e(, (in<)e 8a)@e(

SELECT em$n", )a(7name ANSWER#ROM em$)":ee ===============WERE 2em$n", 5AD?%%?53 IN EMPNO LASTNAME 2SELECT em$n", $'"n" ------ ------- #ROM em$_a>7 &&&H& JONSON WERE em$7ime &.3 &&&& PEREORDER B %/Figure , IN P'edi>a7e eam$)e, m@)7i-8a)@e

Figure H, LIE P'edi>a7e (:n7a

SELECT id, name ANSWER

#ROM (7a99 ==============WERE name LIE 5SFn5 ID NAME OR name LIE 5_a_aF5 --- --------- OR name LIE 5F'_Fa5 %?& ama<@>iORDER B id/ && S>"@77enFigure , LIE P'edi>a7e eam$)e(

LIE STATEMENT TE1T WAT 6AL0ES MATC

=========================== ======================LIE 5ABF5 #ind( AB, an: (7'in<LIE 5ABF5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB, an: (7'in<LIE 5AB+F5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( ABFLIE 5AB++5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB+LIE 5AB+FF5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( ABF, an: (7'in<LIE 5AB++F5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB+, an: (7'in<LIE 5AB+++F5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB+FLIE 5AB+++FF5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB+F, an: (7'in<LIE 5AB+F+FF5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( ABFF, an: (7'in<LIE 5AB++++5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB++LIE 5AB+++++F5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB++FLIE 5AB++++F5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( AB++, an: (7'in<

LIE 5AB+F++F5 ESCAPE 5+5 #ind( ABF+, an: (7'in<Figure , LIE and ESCAPE eam$)e(

SELECT id ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ======

WERE id = %& ID AND 5ABC5 LIE 5ABF5 --- AND 5AFC5 LIE 5AFC5 ESCAPE 55 %& AND 5A_C5 LIE 5A_C5 ESCAPE 55 AND 5A_U5 LIE 5AU_UU5 ESCAPE 5U5/Figure K, LIE and ESCAPE eam$)e(

Figure &, N0LL P'edi>a7e (:n7a

SELECT id, >"mm ANSWER#ROM (7a99 =========WERE id 4 %&& ID COMM AND id IS NOT N0LL --- ---- AND >"mm IS N0LL %& - AND NOT >"mm IS NOT N0LL ?& -ORDER B id/ & -Figure %, N0LL $'edi>a7e eam$)e(

SELECT id ,name#ROM (7a99WERE name LIE 5Fa5 || 15?B5 || 5F5ORDER B id/Figure , Re9e' 7" (emi->")"n in SL 7e7

Eam$)e + - 2% - ?3 * HH ANSWER ====== V V V V V ? 7 nd ?'d %(7 7Figure ?, P'e>eden>e '@)e( eam$)e

SELECT 2% - ?3 AS in7% , - 2% - ?3 AS in7 , - 2% - ?3 * HH AS in7? , + - 2% - ?3 * HH AS in7#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/ ANSWER =================== INT% INT INT? INT

---- ---- ---- ---- K - -%? ?Figure , P'e>eden>e '@)e(, in7e<e' eam$)e

SELECT 2%.& - ?3 AS de>% , - 2%.& - ?3 AS de> , - 2%.& - ?3 * HH AS de>? , + - 2%.& - ?3 * HH AS de>

#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/ ANSWER =========================== DEC% DEC DEC? DEC ------ ------ ------ ------ K.& -. -%H%.? ?K?.HFigure , P'e>eden>e '@)e(, de>ima) eam$)e

SELECT * ANSWER COL% COL TABLE%#ROM 7a!)e% ---- ---- +---------+

WERE >")% = 5C5 A AA |COL%|COL| AND >")% = 5A5 B BB |----|----| OR >") = 5AA5 C CC |A |AA |ORDER B >")%/ |B |BB | |C |CC |SELECT * ANSWER COL% COL +---------+#ROM 7a!)e% ---- ----WERE 2>")% = 5C5 A AA AND >")% = 5A53 B BB OR >") = 5AA5 C CCORDER B >")%/ SELECT * ANSWER COL% COL

#ROM 7a!)e% ---- ----WERE >")% = 5C5 C CC AND 2>")% = 5A5 OR >") = 5AA53ORDER B >")%/Figure H, 0(e "9 OR and $a'en7e(i(

Figure , CAST e$'e((i"n (:n7a

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ================= ,CAST2(a)a': AS INTE;ER3 AS (a) ID SALAR SAL#ROM (7a99 -- -------- -----

WERE id 4 ?& %& %?.& %?ORDER B id/ & %%%. %%%Figure , 0(e CAST e$'e((i"n 7" >"n8e'7 De>ima) 7" In7e<e'

SELECT id ANSWER ,"! ============= ,CAST2"! AS CAR2?33 AS "! ID JOB JOB#ROM (7a99 -- ----- ----

WERE id 4 ?& %& M<' M<'ORDER B id/ & Sa)e( Sa)Figure K, 0(e CAST e$'e((i"n 7" 7'@n>a7e Ca' 9ie)d

SELECT id ANSWER ,CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 AS @n =======#ROM (7a99 ID J0NWERE id 4 ?& -- ----ORDER B id/ %& -

& -Figure K&, 0(e CAST e$'e((i"n 7" de9ine SMALLINT 9ie)d Gi7 n@)) 8a)@e(

SELECT (79.id ANSWER ,em$.em$n" =========#ROM (7a99 (79 ID EMPNOLE#T O0TER JOIN -- ------ em$)":ee em$ %& -

ON (79.id = CAST2em$.em$n" AS SMALLINT3 & &&&&&AND em$."! = 5MANA;ER5 ?& &&&&?&WERE (79.id 4 H& & -ORDER B (79.id/ & &&&&&Figure K%, CAST e$'e((i"n in "in

SELECT (79.id ANSWER ,em$.em$n" =========

#ROM (7a99 (79 ID EMPNOLE#T O0TER JOIN -- ------ em$)":ee em$ %& -ON (79.id = SMALLINT2em$.em$n"3 & &&&&&AND em$."! = 5MANA;ER5 ?& &&&&?&WERE (79.id 4 H& & -ORDER B (79.id/ & &&&&&Figure K, #@n>7i"n @(a<e in "in

Figure K?, 6AL0ES e$'e((i"n (:n7a

6AL0ES H 4= % '"G, % >")@mn6AL0ES 2H3 4= % '"G, % >")@mn

6AL0ES H, , 4= % '"G, ? >")@mn(6AL0ES 2H3, 23, 23 4= ? '"G(, % >")@mn6AL0ES 2H,HH3, 2,3, 2,N0LL3 4= ? '"G(, >")@mn(Figure K, 6AL0ES @(a<e eam$)e(

WIT 7em$% 2>")%, >")3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2 &, 5AA53 ========= ,2 %, 5BB53 COL% COL ,2 , N0LL3 ---- ----

3 & AASELECT * % BB#ROM 7em$%/ -Figure K, 0(e 6AL0ES 7" de9ine a 7em$"'a': 7a!)e 2% "9 3

WIT 7em$% 2>")%, >")3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2DECIMAL2& ,?,%3, 5AA53 ========= ,2DECIMAL2% ,?,%3, 5BB53 COL% COL

,2DECIMAL2 ,?,%3, N0LL3 ---- ----3 &.& AASELECT * %.& BB#ROM 7em$%/ .& -Figure KH, 0(e 6AL0ES 7" de9ine a 7em$"'a': 7a!)e 2 "9 3

WIT 7em$% 2>")%, >")3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2 &, CAST25AA5 AS CAR2%333 =========

,2 %, CAST25BB5 AS CAR2%333 COL% COL ,2 , CAST2N0LL AS CAR2%333 ---- ----3 & ASELECT * % B#ROM 7em$%/ -Figure K, 0(e 6AL0ES 7" de9ine a 7em$"'a': 7a!)e 2? "9 3

WIT 7em$% 2>")%, >")3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2 &, CAR25AA5,%33 ========= ,2 %, CAR25BB5,%33 COL% COL ,2 , N0LL3 ---- ----3 & ASELECT * % B#ROM 7em$%/ -Figure K, 0(e 6AL0ES 7" de9ine a 7em$"'a': 7a!)e 2 "9 3

WIT 7em$% 2>")%, >"), >")?3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2 &, 5AA5, &.&&3 ========== ,2 %, 5BB5, %.%%3 COL%B COL1 ,2 , 5CC5, .3 ----- ----3 & &.&&,7em$ 2>")%!, >")3 AS % .%%2SELECT >")% . ,>")% + >")? #ROM 7em$%3SELECT *

#ROM 7em$/Figure KK, De'i8e "ne 7em$"'a': 7a!)e 9'"m an"7e'

CREATE 6IEW (i)): 2>%, >, >?3AS 6AL0ES 2%%, 5AAA5, SMALLINT233 ,2%, 5BBB5, SMALLINT2??33 ,2%?, 5CCC5, N0LL3/COMMIT/

Figure %&&, De9ine a 8ieG @(in< a 6AL0ES >)a@(e

WIT 7em$% 2>")%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES & ====== 0NION ALL COL% SELECT >")% + % ---- #ROM 7em$% & WERE >")% + % 4 %&& %



3 SELECT * ?#ROM 7em$%/ e7>Figure %&%, 0(e 6AL0ES de9ined da7a 7" (eed a 'e>@'(i8e SL (7a7emen7

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 26AL0ES 2%?,5ABC53 ====== ,2?,5DE#53 --- --- 3AS 777 ? DE#ORDER B % DESC/ %? ABCFigure %&, ;ene'a7e 7a!)e Gi7 @nnamed >")@mn(

Figure %&?, CASE e$'e((i"n (:n7a - %(7 7:$e

SELECT La(7name ANSWER ,(e AS ( ==================== ,CASE (e LASTNAME S1 SE11 WEN 5#5 TEN 5#EMALE5 ---------- -- ------ WEN 5M5 TEN 5MALE5 JE##ERSON M MALE ELSE N0LL JONSON # #EMALE END AS (e JONES M MALE#ROM em$)":ee

WERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5ORDER B %/Figure %&, 0(e CASE 2%(7 7:$e3 7" e$and a 8a)@e

Figure %&, CASE e$'e((i"n (:n7a - nd 7:$e

SELECT )a(7name ANSWER ,(e AS ( ==================== ,CASE LASTNAME S1 SE11 WEN (e = 5#5 TEN 5#EMALE5 ---------- -- ------ WEN (e = 5M5 TEN 5MALE5 JE##ERSON M MALE ELSE N0LL JONSON # #EMALE END AS (e JONES M MALE#ROM em$)":eeWERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5ORDER B %/

Figure %&H, 0(e CASE 2%(7 7:$e3 7" e$and a 8a)@e

SELECT )a(7name ANSWER ,midini7 AS mi =================== ,(e AS ( LASTNAME MI S1 M1

,CASE ---------- -- -- -- WEN midini7 SE1 JE##ERSON J M M TEN midini7 JONSON P # P ELSE (e JONES T M T END AS m#ROM em$)":eeWERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5ORDER B %/Figure %&, 0(e CASE 7" di($)a: 7e i<e' "9 7G" 8a)@e(

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS 7"7 ANSWER ,S0M2CASE (e WEN 5#5 TEN % ELSE & END3 AS 9 ========= ,S0M2CASE (e WEN 5M5 TEN % ELSE & END3 AS m TOT # M#ROM em$)":ee --- -- --WERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5/ ? % Figure %&, 0(e CASE 7" <e7 m@)7i$)e >"@n7( in "ne $a((

SELECT )a(7name ANSWER ,LEN;T2RTRIM2)a(7name33 AS )en ===================== ,S0BSTR2)a(7name,%, LASTNAME LEN LASTNM CASE ---------- --- ------ WEN LEN;T2RTRIM2)a(7name33 JE##ERSON K JE##ER H TEN H JONSON JONSO ELSE LEN;T2RTRIM2)a(7name33 JONES JONES END 3 AS )a(7nm#ROM em$)":eeWERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5ORDER B %/Figure %&K, 0(e CASE in(ide a 9@n>7i"n

0PDATE (7a99SET >"mm = CASE de$7 WEN % TEN >"mm * %.% WEN & TEN >"mm * %. WEN ? TEN CASE WEN :ea'( 4 TEN >"mm * %.? WEN :ea'( = TEN >"mm * %.



ELSE N0LL END ELSE >"mm ENDWERE >"mm IS NOT N0LL AND de$7 4 &/Figure %%&, 0PDATE (7a7emen7 Gi7 ne(7ed CASE e$'e((i"n(

WIT 7em$% 2>%,>3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2,K3,2,?3,2,&3,2&,%33 ========SELECT >% C% C C? ,> -- -- -- ,CASE > K K WEN & TEN N0LL ? % ELSE >%> & - END AS >? & % &#ROM 7em$%/Figure %%%, 0(e CASE 7" a8"id di8ide !: Qe'"

SELECT )a(7name ANSWER ,(e ================= ,CASE LASTNAME S1 S11 WEN (e = 5M5 TEN 5MAL5 ---------- -- --- WEN (e = 5#5 TEN 5#EM5 JE##ERSON M MAL END AS ( JONSON # #EM#ROM em$)":ee JONES M MALWERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5

ORDER B %/Figure %%, 0(e CASE 7" de'i8e a 8a)@e 2>"''e>73

SELECT )a(7name ANSWER ,(e ================= ,CASE LASTNAME S1 S11 WEN (e = 5#5 TEN 5#EM5 ---------- -- --- WEN (e = 5M5 TEN 5MAL5 JE##ERSON M #EM

END AS ( JONSON # #EM#ROM em$)":ee JONES M #EMWERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5ORDER B %/Figure %%?, 0(e CASE 7" de'i8e a 8a)@e 2in>"''e>73

SELECT id ANSWER ,de$7 =======================



,(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR COMM ,>"mm --- ---- -------- -----#ROM (7a99 %?& %&&.K& .H&WERE CASE & HH %.& - WEN >"mm 4 & TEN 5A5 ??& HH %&K.&& .& WEN name LIE 5WF5 TEN 5B5 WEN (a)a': 4 %%&&& TEN 5C5 WEN (a)a': 4 %&& AND de$7 4 ?? TEN 5D5 WEN (a)a': 4 %K&&& TEN 5E5

END IN 25A5,5C5,5E53ORDER B id/Figure %%, 0(e CASE in a $'edi>a7e

ANSWER ======================= ID DEPT SALAR COMMSELECT id --- ---- -------- -----

,name %?& %&&.K& .H& ,(a)a': & HH %.& - ,>"mm ??& HH %&K.&& .&#ROM (7a99WERE 2>"mm 4 &3 OR 2(a)a': 4 %%&&& AND NOT name LIE 5WF53 OR 2(a)a': 4 %K&&& AND NOT 2name LIE 5WF5 OR 2(a)a': 4 %&& AND de$7 4 ??333ORDER B id/Figure %%, Same (7m7 a( $'i"', Gi7"@7 CASE $'edi>a7e

Figure %%H, DECLARE C0RSOR (7a7emen7 (:n7a

DECLARE 9'ed C0RSOR #ORWIT RET0RN TO CALLERSELECT id ,name

,(a)a': ,>"mm#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 id-8a' AND (a)a': %&&&ORDER B id ASC#ETC #IRST %& ROWS ONLOPTIMIE #OR %& ROWS#OR #ETC ONLWIT 0RFigure %%, Sam$)e >@'("'

DECLARE 9'ed C0RSOR WIT OLD #ORSELECT name ,(a)a':#ROM (7a99WERE id id-8a'#OR 0PDDATE O# (a)a':, >"mm

OPEN 9'ed DO 0NTIL SLCODE = %&&

#ETC 9'ed INTO name-8a' ,(a)a':-8a'

I# (a)a': 4 %&&& TEN DO

0PDATE (7a99 SET (a)a': = neG-(a)a':-8a'

WERE C0RRENT O# 9'ed END-I#

END-DO

CLOSE 9'edFigure %%, 0(e >@'("' in $'"<'am

SELECT name ,(a)a':INTO name-8a' ,(a)a':-8a'#ROM (7a99WERE id = id-8a'Figure %%K, Sin<)e7"n (e)e>7

Figure %&, PREPARE (7a7emen7 (:n7a

STATEMENT CAN BE 0SED B STATEMENT TPE======================== ==============DESCRIBE An: (7a7emen7DECLARE C0RSOR M@(7 !e SELECTE1EC0TE M@(7 n"7 !e SELECTFigure %%, Wa7 (7a7emen7( >an @(e $'e$a'ed (7a7emen7

SET "(7-8a' = C0RRENT TIMESTAMPFigure %, SET (in<)e "(7-8a'ia!)e

SET "(7-8% = C0RRENT TIME ,"(7-8 = C0RRENT DE;REE ,"(7-8? = N0LLFigure %?, SET m@)7i$)e "(7-8a'ia!)e(

SET 28% ,8 ,8?3 =2SELECT id ,name ,(a)a': #ROM (7a99 WERE id = id-8a'3Figure %, SET @(in< '"G-9@))(e)e>7

SET CONNECTIONSET C0RRENT DE#A0LT TRANS#ORM ;RO0PSET C0RRENT DE;REESET C0RRENT E1PLAIN MODESET C0RRENT E1PLAIN SNAPSOTSET C0RRENT ISOLATIONSET C0RRENT LOC TIMEO0TSET C0RRENT MAINTAINED TABLE TPES #OR OPTIMIATIONSET C0RRENT PACA;E PATSET C0RRENT PACA;ESETSET C0RRENT 0ER OPTIMIATION

SET C0RRENT RE#RES A;ESET ENCRPTION PASSWORDSET E6ENT MONITOR STATESET INTE;RITSET PASSTR0SET PATSET SCEMASET SER6ER OPTIONSET SESSION A0TORIATIONFigure %, O7e' SET (7a7emen7(

Figure %H, SA6EPOINT (7a7emen7 (:n7a

Figure %, Eam$)e "9 (a8e$"in7 @(a<e

Figure %, RELEASE SA6EPOINT (7a7emen7 (:n7a

Figure %K, ROLLBAC (7a7emen7 (:n7a

CREATE TABLE em$_a>72em$n" CARACTER 2&&&&H3 NOT N0LL,$'"n" CARACTER 2&&&&H3 NOT N0LL,a>7n" SMALLINT NOT N0LL,em$7ime DECIMAL 2&,&3,em(7da7e DATE

,emenda7e DATE3/Figure %?&, EMP_ACT (am$)e 7a!)e - DDL

Figure %?%, INSERT (7a7emen7 (:n7a

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 6AL0ES 25%&&&&&5 ,5ABC5 ,%& ,%. ,5&&?-%&-5, 5&&?-%%-53/Figure %?, Sin<)e '"G in(e'7

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 6AL0ES 25&&&&&5 ,5ABC5 ,%& ,%. ,5&&?-%&-5, 5&&?-%%-53

,25&&&&&5 ,5DE#5 ,%& ,%. ,5&&?-%&-5, 5&&?-%%-53 ,25&&&&&5 ,5IJ5 ,%& ,%. ,5&&?-%&-5, 5&&?-%%-53/Figure %??, M@)7i '"G in(e'7

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 6AL0ES

25&&&&&5 ,5ABC5 ,%& ,N0LL ,DE#A0LT, C0RRENT DATE3/Figure %?,0(in< n@)) and de9a@)7 8a)@e(

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2$'"n", emenda7e, a>7n", em$n"3 6AL0ES 25ABC5 ,DATE2C0RRENT TIMESTAMP3 ,%? ,5&&&&&53/Figure %?, E$)i>i7): )i(7in< >")@mn( !ein< $"$@)a7ed d@'in< in(e'7

INSERT INTO 2SELECT * #ROM em$_a>7 WERE em$n" 4 5%5 36AL0ES 25%&&&&5 ,5ABC5 ,%& ,%. ,5&&?-%&-5, 5&&?-%%-53/Figure %?H, In(e'7 in7" a 9@))-(e)e>7

INSERT INTO em$_a>7SELECT LTRIM2CAR2id + H&&&&&33 ,S0BSTR20CASE2name3,%,H3 ,(a)a': K ,%? ,C0RRENT DATE ,5&&?-%%-%%5#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 &/Figure %?,In(e'7 'e(@)7 "9 (e)e>7 (7a7emen7

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", a>7n", $'"n"3SELECT LTRIM2CAR2id + &&&&&33 ,MIN0TE2C0RRENT TIME3 ,5DE#5#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 &/Figure %?, In(e'7 'e(@)7 "9 (e)e>7 - ($e>i9ied >")@mn( "n):

INSERT INTO em$_a>7SELECT *#ROM em$_a>7/Figure %?K, S7@$id - in(e'7 - d"@!)e( '"G(

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", a>7n", $'"n"3SELECT LTRIM2CAR2id + &&&&&33 , ,515#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 &0NION

SELECT LTRIM2CAR2id + K&&&&&33 ,SALAR %&& ,5DE#5#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 &/Figure %&, In(e'7in< 'e(@)7 "9 @ni"n

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", a>7n", $'"n", em$7ime3WIT 7em$% 2>")%3 AS

26AL0ES 2%3,23,2?3,23,23,2H33SELECT LTRIM2CAR2>")% + K%&&&&33 ,>")% ,CAR2>")%3 ,>")% #ROM 7em$%/Figure %%, In(e'7 9'"m >"mm"n 7a!)e e$'e((i"n

INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", a>7n", $'"n"3SELECT LTRIM2CAR2id + K&&&&33 ,id ,5ABC5#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 & AND NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT * #ROM em$_a>7 WERE em$n" LIE 5KF53/Figure %, In(e'7 Gi7 i''e)e8an7 (@!-@e':

CREATE TABLE @(_>@(7"me' CREATE TABLE in7)_>@(7"me'2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL 2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>name CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL ,>name CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,>"@n7': CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL ,>"@n7': CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL,CEC 2>"@n7': = 50SA53 ,CEC 2>"@n7': 4 50SA53,PRIMAR E 2>@(733/ ,PRIMAR E 2>@(733/

Figure %?, C@(7"me' 7a!)e( - 9"' in(e'7 @(a<e

INSERT INTO 2SELECT * #ROM @(_>@(7"me' 0NION ALL SELECT * #ROM in7)_>@(7"me'3

6AL0ES 2%%%,5#'ed5,50SA53 ,2,5Da8e5,50SA53 ,2???,5J@an5,5ME153/Figure %, In(e'7 in7" m@)7i$)e 7a!)e(

0PDATE em$_a>7SET em$7ime = N0LL ,emenda7e = DE#A0LT ,em(7da7e = C0RRENT DATE + DAS

,a>7n" = ACTNO ,$'"n" = 5ABC5WERE em$n" = 5%&&&&&5/Figure %, Sin<)e '"G @$da7e

Figure %H, 0PDATE (7a7emen7 (:n7a

0PDATE em$_a>7SET a>7n" = a>7n" /Figure %, Ma(( @$da7e

0PDATE em$_a>7 a>%SET a>7n" = a>7n" * ,em$7ime = a>7n" * WERE em$n" LIE 5K%&F5/Figure %, TG" >")@mn( <e7 (ame 8a)@e

0PDATE em$_a>7SET a>7n" = 2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 #ROM (7a993WERE em$n" = 5&&&&&5/Figure %K, 0$da7e @(in< (e)e>7

0PDATE em$_a>7

SET 2a>7n" ,em(7da7e ,$'"n"3 = 2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 ,C0RRENT DATE + DAS ,MIN2CAR2id33 #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 ??3WERE em$n" LIE 5H&&F5/Figure %&, M@)7i-'"G @$da7e @(in< (e)e>7

0PDATE em$_a>7 a>%SET 2a>7n" ,em$7ime3 = 2SELECT a>.a>7n" + % ,a>%.em$7ime #ROM em$_a>7 a> WERE a>.em$n" LIE 5H&F5 AND S0BSTR2a>.em$n",?3 = S0BSTR2a>%.em$n",?33WERE EMPNO LIE 5&&F5/Figure %%, M@)7i-'"G @$da7e @(in< >"''e)a7ed (e)e>7

0PDATE em$_a>7SET em$7ime = %&WERE em$n" = 5&&&&%&5 AND $'"n" = 5MA%&&5/Figure %, Di'e>7 @$da7e "9 7a!)e

0PDATE2SELECT *

#ROM em$_a>7 WERE em$n" = 5&&&&%&5 AND $'"n" = 5MA%&&5 3AS eaSET em$7ime = &/Figure %?, 0$da7e "9 9@))-(e)e>7

0PDATE em$_a>7 ea%SET em$7ime = 2SELECT MA12em$7ime3 #ROM em$_a>7 ea WERE ea%.em$n" = ea.em$n"3WERE em$n" = 5&&&&%&5 AND $'"n" = 5MA%&&5/Figure %, Se7 em$)":ee-7ime in '"G 7" MA1 - 9"' <i8en em$)":ee

0PDATE2SELECT ea%.*

,MA12em$7ime3 O6ER2PARTITION B em$n"3 AS ma7ime #ROM em$_a>7 ea% 3AS eaSET em$7ime = ma7imeWERE em$n" = 5&&&&%&5 AND $'"n" = 5MA%&&5/Figure %, 0(e OLAP 9@n>7i"n 7" <e7 ma-7ime, 7en a$$): 2>"''e>73

0PDATE em$_a>7SET em$7ime = MA12em$7ime3 O6ER2PARTITION B em$n"3WERE em$n" = 5&&&&%&5 AND $'"n" = 5MA%&&5/Figure %H, 0(e OLAP 9@n>7i"n 7" <e7 ma-7ime, 7en a$$): 2G'"n<3

0PDATE em$_a>7 a>%SET 2a>7n" ,em$7ime3 = 2SELECT ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 ,a>%.em$7ime #ROM em$_a>7 a> WERE a>.em$n" LIE 5H&F5 AND S0BSTR2a>.em$n",?3 = S0BSTR2a>%.em$n",?33WERE EMPNO LIE 5&&F5/Figure %, 0$da7e Gi7 >"''e)a7ed @e':

0PDATE em$_a>7 a>%SET 2a>7n" ,em$7ime3 = 2SELECT >% ,>

#ROM 2SELECT ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS >% ,a>7n" %&& AS > ,em$n" #ROM em$_a>7 WERE em$n" LIE 5H&F5 3AS a> WERE S0BSTR2a>.em$n",?3 = S0BSTR2a>%.em$n",?33WERE em$n" LIE 5K&&F5/Figure %, 0$da7e Gi7 @n>"''e)a7ed @e':

DELETE#ROM em$_a>7WERE em$n" = 5&&&&%&5 AND $'"n" = 5MA%&&5 AND a>7n" = %&/Figure %K, Sin<)e-'"G de)e7e

Figure %H&, DELETE (7a7emen7 (:n7a

DELETE#ROM em$_a>7/Figure %H%, Ma(( de)e7e

DELETE#ROM em$_a>7WERE em$n" LIE 5&&F5 AND $'"n" = 5MA5/Figure %H, Se)e>7i8e de)e7e

DELETE#ROM (7a99 (%WERE id NOT IN 2SELECT MA12id3 #ROM (7a99 ( WERE (%.de$7 = (.de$73/Figure %H?, C"''e)a7ed de)e7e 2% "9 3

DELETE#ROM (7a99 (%WERE E1ISTS 2SELECT * #ROM (7a99 ( WERE (.de$7 = (%.de$7 AND (.id (%.id3/Figure %H, C"''e)a7ed de)e7e 2 "9 3

DELETE #ROM 2SELECT id ,MA12id3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$73 AS ma_id #ROM (7a99 3AS ((WERE id 4 ma_id/Figure %H, De)e7e @(in< 9@))-(e)e>7 and OLAP 9@n>7i"n

DELETE#ROM em$_a>7WERE 2em$n", $'"n", a>7n"3 IN 2SELECT em$n" ,$'"n" ,a>7n" #ROM 2SELECT eee.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B em$n", $'"n", a>7n"3 AS '

#ROM em$_a>7 eee 3AS WERE ' 4= %&3/Figure %HH, De)e7e 9i'(7 n '"G(

Figure %H, Se)e>7 DML (7a7emen7 (:n7a

ANSWER ==============SELECT em$n" EMPNO PRJ ACT ,$'"n" AS $' ------ --- --- ,a>7n" AS a>7 &&&&& ABC %&#ROM #INAL TABLE &&&&& DE# %&

2INSERT INTO em$_a>7 6AL0ES 25&&&&&5,5ABC5,%& ,%,5&&?-%&-5,5&&?-%%-53 ,25&&&&&5,5DE#5,%& ,%,5&&?-%&-5,5&&?-%%-533ORDER B %,,?/Figure %H, Se)e>7 '"G( in(e'7ed

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,$'"n" AS $' =================

,a>7n" AS a>7 EMPNO PRJ ACT R ,'"G AS ' ------ --- --- --#ROM #INAL TABLE ?&&&&& KKK % 2INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", $'"n", a>7n"3 ?&&&&& 666 %%% INCL0DE 2'"G SMALLINT3 6AL0ES 25?&&&&&5,55,KKK,%3 ,25?&&&&&5,56665,%%%,33ORDER B '"G/Figure %HK, In>)@de >")@mn 7" <e7 in(e'7 (e@en>e

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,$'"n" AS $' ================= ,a>7n" AS a>7 EMPNO PRJ ACT R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS ' ------ --- --- --#ROM #INAL TABLE &&&&& KKK % 2INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", $'"n", a>7n"3 &&&&& 666 %%% 6AL0ES 25&&&&&5,55,KKK3 ,25&&&&&5,56665,%%%33ORDER B INP0T SE0ENCE/Figure %&, Se)e>7 '"G( in in(e'7 "'de'

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,$'"n" AS $' ================= ,a>7n" AS a>7 EMPNO PRJ ACT R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS ' ------ --- -- --#ROM NEW TABLE H&&&%& % K % 2INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", a>7n", $'"n"3 H&&&& H? K SELECT LTRIM2CAR2id + H&&&&&33 H&&&?& %K? K ? ,SECOND2C0RRENT TIME3 ,CAR2SMALLINT2RAND2%3 * %&&&33



#ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 &3ORDER B INP0T SE0ENCE/Figure %%, Se)e>7 9'"m an in(e'7 7a7 a( @nn"Gn 8a)@e(

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,$'"n" AS $' ================ ,em$7ime AS e7ime EMPNO PRJ ETIME#ROM OLD TABLE ------ --- ----- 20PDATE em$_a>7 &&&&& ABC %.&& SET em$7ime = em$7ime * &&&&& DE# %.&& WERE em$n" = 5&&&&&53ORDER B $'"n"/Figure %, Se)e>7 8a)@e( - 9'"m !e9"'e @$da7e

SELECT $'"n" AS $' ANSWER ,")d_7 AS ")d_7 =============== ,em$7ime AS neG_7 PRJ OLD_T NEW_T#ROM NEW TABLE --- ----- ----- 20PDATE em$_a>7 ABC .&& &.& INCL0DE 2")d_7 DECIMAL2,33 DE# .&& %%. SET em$7ime = em$7ime * RAND2%3 * %& ,")d_7 = em$7ime WERE em$n" = 5&&&&&53ORDER B %/Figure %?, Se)e>7 8a)@e( - !e9"'e and a97e' @$da7e

SELECT $'"n" AS $' ANSWER ,a>7n" AS a>7 =======#ROM OLD TABLE PRJ ACT 2DELETE --- --- #ROM em$_a>7 666 %%% WERE em$n" = 5?&&&&&53 KKKORDER B %,/Figure %, Li(7 de)e7ed '"G(

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,$'"n" ==================== ,a>7n" AS a>7 EMPNO PROJNO ACT R ,'"G AS ' ------ ------ --- --#ROM OLD TABLE &&&H& AD?%%? & 2DELETE &&&H& AD?%%? & #ROM em$_a>7 &&&H& AD?%%? %& H

INCL0DE 2'"G SMALLINT3 SET '"G = ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 WERE em$n" = 5&&&H&53WERE '"G = '"G * ORDER B %,,?/Figure %, A((i<n '"G n@m!e'( 7" de)e7ed '"G(

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,2SELECT )a(7name ========================== #ROM 2SELECT em$n" AS e EMPNO LASTNAME PROJNO ACT ,)a(7name ------ -------- ------ --- #ROM em$)":ee &&&&%& AAS AD?%&& %& 3AS &&&&%& AAS MA%&& %& WERE em$n" = e3 &&&&%& AAS MA%%& %& ,$'"n" AS $'"n" &&&&& TOMPSON PL%&& ?& ,a>7n" AS a>7 &&&&?& WAN I#%&&& %&#ROM OLD TABLE 2DELETE

#ROM em$_a>7 WERE em$n" 4 5&&&%53#ETC #IRST ROWS ONL/Figure %H, J"in 'e(@)7 7" an"7e' 7a!)e

Figure %, MER;E (7a7emen7 (:n7a

CREATE TABLE ")d_(7a99 AS OLD_STA## NEW_STA## 2SELECT id, "!, (a)a': +-----------------+ +----------+ #ROM (7a993 |ID|JOB |SALAR | |ID|SALAR |WIT NO DATA/ |--|-----|--------| |--|-------| |&|Sa)e(|%%%.| |?&|%&.H|CREATE TABLE neG_(7a99 AS |?&|M<' |%&H.| |&|%&&.H&| 2SELECT id, (a)a': |&|Sa)e(|%&&H.&&| |&|&H.K| #ROM (7a993 +-----------------+ +----------+WIT NO DATA/

INSERT INTO ")d_(7a99 INSERT INTO neG_(7a99SELECT id, "!, (a)a': SELECT id, (a)a': %&#ROM (7a99 #ROM (7a99WERE id BETWEEN & and &/ WERE id BETWEEN ?& and &/Figure %, Sam$)e 7a!)e( 9"' me'<e

MER;E INTO ")d_(7a99 "" OLD_STA## NEW_STA##0SIN; neG_(7a99 nn +-----------------+ +----------+

ON "".id = nn.id |ID|JOB |SALAR | |ID|SALAR |WEN MATCED TEN |--|-----|--------| |--|-------| 0PDATE |&|Sa)e(|%%%.| |?&|%&.H| SET "".(a)a': = nn.(a)a': |?&|M<' |%&H.| |&|%&&.H&|WEN NOT MATCED TEN |&|Sa)e(|%&&H.&&| |&|&H.K| INSERT +-----------------+ +----------+ 6AL0ES 2nn.id,55,nn.(a)a':3/ A#TER-MER;E ================= ID JOB SALAR

-- ----- -------- & Sa)e( %%%. ?& M<' %&.H & Sa)e( %&&.H& & &H.KFigure %K, Me'<e - d" @$da7e "' in(e'7

MER;E INTO ")d_(7a99 "" A#TER-MER;E

0SIN; neG_(7a99 nn =================ON "".id = nn.id ID JOB SALARWEN MATCED TEN -- ----- -------- DELETE/ & Sa)e( %%%.Figure %&, Me'<e - de)e7e i9 ma7>

MER;E INTO ")d_(7a99 "" OLD_STA## NEW_STA##0SIN; neG_(7a99 nn +-----------------+ +----------+ON "".id = nn.id |ID|JOB |SALAR | |ID|SALAR |

WEN MATCED |--|-----|--------| |--|-------|AND "".(a)a': 4 %&&& TEN |&|Sa)e(|%%%.| |?&|%&.H| 0PDATE |?&|M<' |%&H.| |&|%&&.H&| SET "".(a)a': = nn.(a)a': |&|Sa)e(|%&&H.&&| |&|&H.K|WEN MATCED +-----------------+ +----------+AND "".(a)a': %&&& TEN DELETE A#TER-MER;EWEN NOT MATCED =================AND nn.id %& TEN ID JOB SALAR INSERT -- ----- -------- 6AL0ES 2nn.id,55,nn.(a)a':3 & Sa)e( %%%.WEN NOT MATCED TEN ?& M<' %&.H SI;NAL SLSTATE 5&&&%5 & &H.K

SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5NeG ID 4= %&5/Figure %%, Me'<e Gi7 m@)7i$)e "$7i"n(

MER;E INTO ")d_(7a99 A#TER-MER;E0SIN; ================= 2SELECT MA12id3 + % AS ma_id ID JOB SALAR ,MA12"!3 AS ma_"! -- ----- -------- ,MA12(a)a':3 AS ma_(a) & Sa)e( %%%.

#ROM ")d_(7a99 ?& M<' %&H. 3AS m & Sa)e( %&&H.&&ON id = ma_id % Sa)e( %%%.WEN NOT MATCED TEN INSERT 6AL0ES 2ma_id, ma_"!, ma_(a)3/Figure %, Me'<e MA1 '"G in7" 7a!)e

INSERT INTO ")d_(7a99SELECT MA12id3 + % AS ma_id ,MA12"!3 AS ma_"! ,MA12(a)a':3 AS ma_(a)#ROM ")d_(7a99/Figure %?, Me'<e )" - d"ne @(in< in(e'7

MER;E INTO OLD_STA## NEW_STA## 2SELECT * +-----------------+ +----------+ #ROM ")d_(7a99 |ID|JOB |SALAR | |ID|SALAR | WERE id 4 & |--|-----|--------| |--|-------| 3AS "" |&|Sa)e(|%%%.| |?&|%&.H|0SIN; |?&|M<' |%&H.| |&|%&&.H&| 2SELECT * |&|Sa)e(|%&&H.&&| |&|&H.K| #ROM neG_(7a99 +-----------------+ +----------+ WERE id 4 & 3AS nn A#TER-MER;EON "".id = nn.id =================WEN MATCED TEN ID JOB SALAR

DELETE -- ----- --------WEN NOT MATCED TEN & Sa)e( %%%. INSERT & %&&.H& 6AL0ES 2nn.id,55,nn.(a)a':3/ & Sa)e( %&&H.&&Figure %, Me'<e @(in< 7G" 9@))-(e)e>7(

MER;E INTO ")d_(7a99 "" A#TER-MER;E0SIN; neG_(7a99 nn =================

ON "".id = nn.id ID JOB SALARWEN MATCED TEN -- ----- -------- 0PDATE & Sa)e( %%%. SET 2(a)a':,"!3 = 2%?,553 ?& %?.&&WEN NOT MATCED TEN & %?.&& INSERT 2id,(a)a':,"!3 & H.K& 6AL0ES 2id,H.K,553/Figure %, Li(7in< >")@mn( and 8a)@e( in in(e'7



Figure %H, C"m$"@nd SL S7a7emen7 (:n7a

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >n7' SMALLINT DE#A0LT %/

#OR 6% AS SELECT id a( id8a) #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 & ORDER B id DO

0PDATE (7a99 SET >"mm = >n7' WERE id = id8a)/ SET >n7' = >n7' + %/ END #OR/ENDFigure %, Sam$)e C"m$"@nd SL (7a7emen7

--SET DELIMITER SELECT NAME #ROM STA## WERE ID = %& --SET DELIMITER / SELECT NAME #ROM STA## WERE ID = &/Figure %, Se7 De)imi7e' eam$)e

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE aaa, !!!, >>> SMALLINT DE#A0LT %/ DECLARE ddd CAR2%&3 DE#A0LT N0LL/ DECLARE eee INTE;ER/ SET eee = aaa + %/ 0PDATE (7a99 SET >"mm = aaa

,(a)a': = !!! ,:ea'( = eee WERE id = %&/ENDFigure %K, DECLARE eam$)e(

Figure %K&, #OR (7a7emen7 (:n7a



BE;IN ATOMIC #OR 6% AS SELECT de$7 AS dname ,ma2id3 AS ma_id #ROM (7a99

;RO0P B de$7 A6IN; CO0NT2*3 % ORDER B de$7 DO

0PDATE (7a99 SET id = id * -% WERE id = ma_id/ 0PDATE (7a99 (e7 de$7 = de$7 %& WERE de$7 = dname AND de$7 4 ?&/ END #OR/END

Figure %K%, #OR (7a7emen7 eam$)e

Figure %K, ;ET DIA;NOSTICS (7a7emen7 (:n7a

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE n@m'"G( INT DE#A0LT &/ 0PDATE (7a99 SET (a)a': = %? WERE ID 4 %&&/ ;ET DIA;NOSTICS n@m'"G( = ROW_CO0NT/ 0PDATE (7a99 SET (a)a': = n@m'"G( WERE ID = %&/ENDFigure %K?, ;ET DIA;NOSTICS (7a7emen7 eam$)e

Figure %K, I# (7a7emen7 (:n7a

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >@' INT/



SET >@' = MICROSECOND2C0RRENT TIMESTAMP3/ I# >@' H&&&&& TEN 0PDATE (7a99 SET name = CAR2>@'3 WERE id = %&/ ELSEI# >@' ?&&&&& TEN 0PDATE (7a99 SET name = CAR2>@'3 WERE id = &/ ELSE

0PDATE (7a99 SET name = CAR2>@'3 WERE id = ?&/ END I#/ENDFigure %K, I# (7a7emen7 eam$)e

Figure %KH, ITERATE (7a7emen7 (:n7a

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >n7' INT DE#A0LT &/ Gi)e)""$ WILE >n7' 4 H& DO SET >n7' = >n7' + %&/ 0PDATE (7a99 SET (a)a': = >n7' WERE id = >n7'/

ITERATE Gi)e)""$/ 0PDATE (7a99 SET >"mm = >n7' + % WERE id = >n7'/ END WILE/ENDFigure %K, ITERATE (7a7emen7 eam$)e

Figure %K, LEA6E (7a7emen7 (:n7a

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >n7' INT DE#A0LT %/ Gi)e)""$ WILE % 4 DO SET >n7' = >n7' + %/ I# RAND23 &.KK TEN

LEA6E Gi)e)""$/ END I#/ END WILE/ 0PDATE (7a99 SET (a)a': = >n7' WERE ID = %&/ENDFigure %KK, LEA6E (7a7emen7 eam$)e

Figure &&, SI;NAL (7a7emen7 (:n7a

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >n7' INT DE#A0LT %/

DECLARE em(< CAR2&3/ Gi)e)""$ WILE RAND23 4 .KK DO SET >n7' = >n7' + %/ END WILE/ SET em(< = 5)""$( 5 || CAR2>n7'3/ SI;NAL SLSTATE 5&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = em(</ENDFigure &%, SI;NAL (7a7emen7 eam$)e

Figure &, WILE (7a7emen7 (:n7a

BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >%, C INT DE#A0LT %/ WILE >% 4 %& DO WILE > 4 & DO SET > = > + %/

END WILE/ SET >% = >% + %/ END WILE/ 0PDATE (7a99 SET (a)a': = >% ,>"mm = > WERE id = %&/ENDFigure &?, WILE (7a7emen7 eam$)e

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,>"@n72*3 a( '"G( ==========#ROM (7a99 DEPT ROWS;RO0P B de$7 ---- -----ORDER B de$7/ %& % & ?

% HH Figure &, Li(7 de$a'7men7( in STA## 7a!)e

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============

CREATE TABLE d$7 Ti( eam$)e2de$7 SMALLINT NOT N0LL @(e( an ,name( SMALLINT a( 7e (7m7,PRIMAR E2de$733 de)imi7e'.COMMIT CREATE TRI;;ER d$7% A#TER INSERT ON d$7RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS NNN#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLBE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE name>n7 SMALLINT DE#A0LT &/ #OR <e7name( AS SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS n

#ROM (7a99 WERE de$7 = nnn.de$7 DO

SET name>n7 = n/ END #OR/ 0PDATE d$7 SET name( = name>n7 WERE de$7 = nnn.de$7/ ANSWEREND ===========COMMIT DEPT NAMES ---- ------INSERT INTO d$7 2de$73 %& SELECT DISTINCT de$7 %

#ROM (7a99 & COMMIT ? SELECT * % #ROM d$7 HH ORDER B de$7 Figure &, T'i<<e' Gi7 >"m$"@nd SL

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============CREATE #0NCTION d$7% 2de$7in SMALLINT3 Ti( eam$)eRET0RNS SMALLINT @(e( an BE;IN ATOMIC a( 7e (7m7 DECLARE n@m_name( SMALLINT/ de)imi7e'. #OR <e7name( AS SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS n #ROM (7a99 WERE de$7 = de$7in

DOSET n@m_name( = n/

END #OR/ ANSWER RET0RN n@m_name(/ ===========END DEPT NAMESCOMMIT ---- ------ %& SELECT 111.* % ,d$7%2de$73 a( name( & #ROM 2SELECT de$7 ? #ROM (7a99 ;RO0P B de$7 % 3AS 111 HH

ORDER B de$7 Figure &H, S>a)a' #@n>7i"n Gi7 >"m$"@nd SL

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============CREATE #0NCTION d$7% 2de$7in SMALLINT3 Ti( eam$)eRET0RNS SMALLINT @(e( an BE;IN ATOMIC a( 7e (7m7 RET0RN de)imi7e'.

SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM (7a99 WERE de$7 = de$7in/ENDCOMMIT SELECT 111.* ,d$7%2de$73 a( name(#ROM 2SELECT de$7 #ROM (7a99 ;RO0P B de$7 3AS 111ORDER B de$7

Figure &, S>a)a' #@n>7i"n Gi7 >"m$"@nd SL

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============CREATE #0NCTION d$7 23 Ti( eam$)eRET0RNS TABLE 2de$7 SMALLINT @(e( an ,name( SMALLINT3 a( 7e (7m7BE;IN ATOMIC de)imi7e'.

RET0RN SELECT de$7 ,>"@n72*3 ANSWER #ROM (7a99 =========== ;RO0P B de$7 DEPT NAMES ORDER B de$7/ ---- ------END %& COMMIT % & --SET DELIMITER / ?

SELECT * % #ROM TABLE2d$7233 T% HH ORDER B de$7/ Figure &, Ta!)e #@n>7i"n Gi7 >"m$"@nd SL

Figure &K, A6; 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT A6;2de$73 AS a% ANSWER ,A6;2ALL de$73 AS a ============== ,A6;2DISTINCT de$73 AS a? A% A A? A A ,A6;2de$7%&3 AS a -- -- -- -- -- ,A6;2de$73%& AS a % % & ? #ROM (7a99A6IN; A6;2de$73 &/Figure %&, A6; 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

0PDATE (7a99SET >"mm = &WERE >"mm IS N0LL/ SELECT A6;2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ANSWER ,A6;2>"mm3 AS >"mm% =================== ,A6;2CASE >"mm SALAR COMM% COMM WEN & TEN N0LL ------- ----- -----

ELSE >"mm %HH.H ?%.K %?.? END3 AS >"mm#ROM (7a99/ 0PDATE (7a99SET >"mm = N0LLWERE >"mm = &/Figure %%, C"n8e'7 Qe'" 7" n@)) !e9"'e d"in< A6;

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >% ANSWER ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS a% =========== ,COALESCE2A6;2(a)a':3,&3 AS a C% A% A A? ,CASE -- -- -- -- WEN A6;2(a)a':3 IS N0LL TEN & & - & & ELSE A6;2(a)a':3 END AS a?#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 %&/

Figure %, C"n8e'7 n@)) "@7$@7 29'"m A6;3 7" Qe'"

SELECT A6;2DAS2!i'7da7e33 ANSWER ,DATE2A6;2DAS2!i'7da7e333 =================#ROM em$)":ee/ % ------ ---------- &K%%? %K-&H-Figure %?, A6; "9 da7e >")@mn

SELECT A6;2a8<_(a)3 AS a8<_a8< ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT de$7 ================ ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS a8<_(a)

#ROM (7a99 ;RO0P B de$7 3AS /Figure %, Se)e>7 a8e'a<e "9 a8e'a<e

Figure %, CORRELATION 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

WIT 7em$%2>")%, >"), >")?, >")3 AS ANSWER

26AL0ES 2& , & , & , RAND2%33 =========================== 0NION ALL COR%% COR% COR? COR? SELECT >")% + % ------ ------ ------ ------ ,>") - % %.&&& -%.&&& -&.&% -&.&& ,RAND23 ,RAND23 #ROM 7em$% WERE >")% 4= %&&&3SELECT DEC2CORRELATION2>")%,>")%3,,?3 AS >"'%% ,DEC2CORRELATION2>")%,>")3,,?3 AS >"'% ,DEC2CORRELATION2>"),>")?3,,?3 AS >"'? ,DEC2CORRELATION2>")?,>")3,,?3 AS >"'?



#ROM 7em$%/Figure %H, CORRELATION 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure %, CO0NT 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >% ANSWER ,CO0NT2INT2>"mm%&33 AS > ================= ,CO0NT2ALL INT2>"mm%&33 AS >? C% C C? C C CH ,CO0NT2DISTINCT INT2>"mm%&33 AS > -- -- -- -- -- -- ,CO0NT2DISTINCT INT2>"mm33 AS > ? %K ,CO0NT2DISTINCT INT2>"mm33%& AS >H#ROM (7a99/Figure %, CO0NT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT 5NO ;P-B5 AS >% ANSWER ,CO0NT2*3 AS > ============#ROM (7a99 C% CWERE id = -% -------- --0NION NO ;P-B &SELECT 5;RO0P-B5 AS >% ,CO0NT2*3 AS >#ROM (7a99

WERE id = -%;RO0P B de$7/Figure %K, CO0NT 9@n>7i"n Gi7 and Gi7"@7 ;RO0P B

Figure &, CO0NT_BI; 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT CO0NT_BI;2*3 AS >% ANSWER ,CO0NT_BI;2de$73 AS > =================== ,CO0NT_BI;2DISTINCT de$73 AS >? C% C C? C C ,CO0NT_BI;2DISTINCT de$7%&3 AS > --- --- --- --- --- ,CO0NT_BI;2DISTINCT de$73%& AS > ?. ?. . . &.#ROM STA##/Figure %, CO0NT_BI; 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(



Figure , CO6ARIANCE 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

WIT 7em$%2>%, >, >?, >3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2& , & , & , RAND2%33 =============================== 0NION ALL CO6%% CO6% CO6? CO6? SELECT >% + % ------- ------- ------- ------- ,> - % ?HHH. -?HHH. -%.HK -&.&&& ,RAND23 ,RAND23 #ROM 7em$% WERE >% 4= %&&&3SELECT DEC2CO6ARIANCE2>%,>%3,H,&3 AS >"8%% ,DEC2CO6ARIANCE2>%,>3,H,&3 AS >"8% ,DEC2CO6ARIANCE2>,>?3,H,3 AS >"8?

,DEC2CO6ARIANCE2>?,>3,H,3 AS >"8?#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?, CO6ARIANCE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure , ;RO0PIN; 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ================ ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS d9 DEPT SALAR D##ROM (7a99 ---- -------- --;RO0P B ROLL0P2de$73 %& &H.H &ORDER B de$7/ % %.?? & & %H&%. & ? %.%% & %K.H & % %%.%H & HH %%. &

%H?H. & - %HH.H %Figure , ;RO0PIN; 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure H, MA1 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT MA12de$73 ANSWER ,MA12ALL de$73 =============== ,MA12DISTINCT de$73 % ? ,MA12DISTINCT de$7%&3 --- --- --- ---#ROM (7a99/ Figure , MA1 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT MA12i'eda7e3 ANSWER ,CAR2MA12i'eda7e3,0SA3 ================================ ,MA12CAR2i'eda7e,0SA33 % ?#ROM em$)":ee/ ---------- ---------- ---------- %K&-&K-?& &K?&%K& %%%KHFigure , MA1 9@n>7i"n Gi7 da7e(

SELECT MA12id3 AS id ANSWER ,MA12CAR2id33 AS >' =================== ,MA12DI;ITS2id33 AS di< ID CR DI;#ROM (7a99/ ------ ------ ----- ?& K& &&?&Figure K, MA1 9@n>7i"n Gi7 n@m!e'(, % "9

SELECT MA12id - &3 AS id ANSWER ,MA12CAR2id - &33 AS >' ===================== ,MA12DI;ITS2id - &33 AS di< ID CR DI;#ROM (7a99/ ----- ---- ---------- %&& K& &&&&&&&&Figure ?&, MA1 9@n>7i"n Gi7 n@m!e'(, "9

Figure ?%, MIN 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT MIN2de$73 ANSWER ,MIN2ALL de$73 =============== ,MIN2DISTINCT de$73 % ? ,MIN2DISTINCT de$7%&3 --- --- --- ---#ROM (7a99/ %& %& %& %

Figure ?, MIN 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure ??, RE;RESSION 9@n>7i"n( (:n7a

ANSWERS ==========SELECT DEC2RE;R_SLOPE2!"n@(,(a)a':3 ,,3 AS '_()"$e &.&%%& ,DEC2RE;R_INTERCEPT2!"n@(,(a)a':3,,?3 AS '_i>$7 %&&.% ,INT2RE;R_CO0NT2!"n@(,(a)a':3 3 AS '_>"@n7 ? ,INT2RE;R_A6;12!"n@(,(a)a':3 3 AS '_a8< ?? ,INT2RE;R_A6;2!"n@(,(a)a':3 3 AS '_a8<: ?? ,INT2RE;R_S112!"n@(,(a)a':3 3 AS '_( KHK%HHH ,INT2RE;R_S12!"n@(,(a)a':3 3 AS '_(: &HHHHH

,INT2RE;R_S2!"n@(,(a)a':3 3 AS '_(:: HHHH#ROM em$)":eeWERE G"'de$7 = 5A&&5/Figure ?, RE;RESSION 9@n>7i"n( eam$)e(

Figure ?, STDDE6 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

ANSWER =============================== A% S% S S? S -- ------------- ---- ---- ----SELECT A6;2de$73 AS a% % +.??E+% ?. ?. .% ,STDDE62de$73 AS (% ,DEC2STDDE62de$73,?,%3 AS ( ,DEC2STDDE62ALL de$73,?,%3 AS (? ,DEC2STDDE62DISTINCT de$73,?,%3 AS (#ROM (7a99/

Figure ?H, STDDE6 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure ?, S0M 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT S0M2de$73 AS (% ANSWER ,S0M2ALL de$73 AS ( ======================== ,S0M2DISTINCT de$73 AS (? S% S S? S S ,S0M2de$7%&3 AS ( ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ,S0M2de$73%& AS ( %K %K ?H %? %#ROM (7a99/Figure ?, S0M 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure ?K, 6ARIANCE 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

ANSWER ==============================

A% 6% 6 6? 6 -- --------------- --- --- ---SELECT A6;2de$73 AS a% % +.??&%E+ ? ? ,6ARIANCE2de$73 AS (% ,DEC26ARIANCE2de$73,,%3 AS ( ,DEC26ARIANCE2ALL de$73,,%3 AS (? ,DEC26ARIANCE2DISTINCT de$73,,%3 AS (#ROM (7a99/Figure &, 6ARIANCE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT (%."!, (%.id, (%.(a)a': ANSWER#ROM (7a99 (% =================WERE (%.name LIE 5F(F5 JOB ID SALAR AND (%.id 4 K& ----- -- --------ORDER B (%."! C)e' & %?&.H& ,(%.id/ M<' %& %?.& M<' & &HK.&Figure %, Se)e>7 '"G( 9'"m STA## 7a!)e

SELECT (%."!, (%.id, (%.(a)a': ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B "!, id3 AS (@m(a) ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B "!, id3 AS ' ANSWER#ROM (7a99 (% ======WERE (%.name LIE 5F(F5 JOB ID SALAR S0MSAL R AND (%.id 4 K& ----- -- -------- -------- -ORDER B (%."! C)e' & %?&.H& %?&.H& % ,(%.id/ M<' %& %?.& ?%H.%& M<' & &HK.& %.K& ?Figure , 0(in< OLAP 9@n>7i"n( 7" <e7 addi7i"na) 9ie)d(

SELECT (%."!, (%.id, (%.(a)a': ,.(@m(a), .'#ROM (7a99 (% ,TABLE 2SELECT S0M2(.(a)a':3 AS (@m(a)

,CO0NT2*3 AS ' #ROM (7a99 ( WERE (.name LIE 5F(F5 AND (.id 4 K& AND 2(."! 4 (%."! OR 2(."! = (%."! ANSWER AND (.id 4= (%.id33 ============================ 3AS JOB ID SALAR S0MSAL RWERE (%.name LIE 5F(F5 ----- -- -------- -------- - AND (%.id 4 K& C)e' & %?&.H& %?&.H& %ORDER B (%."! M<' %& %?.& ?%H.%& ,(%.id/ M<' & &HK.& %.K& ?Figure ?, 0(in< Ne(7ed Ta!)e E$'e((i"n 7" <e7 addi7i"na) 9ie)d(

SELECT (%."!, (%.id, (%.(a)a': ANSWER ,S0M2(.(a)a':3 AS (@m(a) ============================ ,CO0NT2*3 AS ' JOB ID SALAR S0MSAL R#ROM (7a99 (% ----- -- -------- -------- - ,(7a99 ( C)e' & %?&.H& %?&.H& %WERE (%.name LIE 5F(F5 M<' %& %?.& ?%H.%& AND (%.id 4 K& M<' & &HK.& %.K& ? AND (.name LIE 5F(F5

AND (.id 4 K& AND 2(."! 4 (%."! OR 2(."! = (%."! AND (.id 4= (%.id33;RO0P B (%."! ,(%.id ,(%.(a)a':ORDER B (%."! ,(%.id/Figure , 0(in< Se)9-J"in and ;'"@$ B: 7" <e7 addi7i"na) 9ie)d(

SELECT (%."!, (%.id, (%.(a)a': ,2SELECT S0M2(.(a)a':3 #ROM (7a99 ( WERE (.name LIE 5F(F5 AND (.id 4 K& AND 2(."! 4 (%."! OR 2(."! = (%."! AND (.id 4= (%.id333 AS (@m(a) ,2SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM (7a99 (?

WERE (?.name LIE 5F(F5 AND (?.id 4 K& AND 2(?."! 4 (%."! OR 2(?."! = (%."! AND (?.id 4= (%.id333 AS '#ROM (7a99 (%WERE (%.name LIE 5F(F5 ANSWER AND (%.id 4 K& ============================ORDER B (%."! JOB ID SALAR S0MSAL R ,(%.id/ ----- -- -------- -------- -

C)e' & %?&.H& %?&.H& % M<' %& %?.& ?%H.%& M<' & &HK.& %.K& ?Figure , 0(in< Ne(7ed Ta!)e E$'e((i"n( in Se)e>7 7" <e7 addi7i"na) 9ie)d(

SELECT d$7.de$7name ,em$.em$n" ,em$.)a(7name

,em$.(a)a': ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B d$7.de$7name ASC ,em$.(a)a': DESC ,em$.em$n" ASC3 AS (@m(a) ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B d$7.de$7name ASC ,em$.(a)a': DESC ,em$.em$n" ASC3 AS '"G#ROM em$)":ee em$ ,de$a'7men7 d$7WERE em$.9i'(7nme LIE 5FSF5 AND em$.G"'de$7 = d$7.de$7n" AND d$7.adm'de$7 LIE 5AF5 AND NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT *

#ROM em$_a>7 ea7 WERE em$.em$n" = ea7.em$n" AND ea7.em$7ime %&3ORDER B d$7.de$7name ASC ,em$.(a)a': DESC ,em$.em$n" ASC/Figure H, C"m$)i>a7ed @e': @(in< OLAP 9@n>7i"n(

Figure , Ranin< #@n>7i"n( (:n7a

SELECT id ,:ea'( ,(a)a': ,RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'(3 AS 'an ,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'(3 AS den(e ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'(3 AS '"G

#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 %&& AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL ANSWERORDER B :ea'(/ =================================== ID EARS SALAR RAN DENSE ROW -- ----- -------- ----- ------ ---- ?& %&H. % % % & H %&&H.&& K& H %&&%. ? %& %?.& ?

& %H&.? ? & %%%. H H & %& &HK.& Figure , Ranin< 9@n>7i"n( eam$)e

SELECT "! ,:ea'( ,id

,name ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! ASC33 AS a(>% ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! ASC ,:ea'( ASC33 AS a(> ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! ASC ,:ea'( ASC ,id ASC33 AS a(>? ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! DESC33 AS d(>% ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! DESC ,:ea'( DESC33 AS d(> ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! DESC ,:ea'( DESC ,id DESC33 AS D(>? ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! ASC

,:ea'( DESC ,id ASC33 AS mi% ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B "! DESC ,:ea'( ASC ,id DESC33 AS mi#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 %& AND :ea'( IN 2H,3 AND "! 5L5ORDER B "! ,:ea'( ,id/ ANSWER

================================================================ JOB EARS ID NAME ASC% ASC ASC? DSC% DSC DSC? MI1% MI1 ----- ----- --- ------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- M<' H %& #'a:e % % % H H ? M<' %& Sande'( % % H M<' %&& P)"7Q % ? Sa)e( H & O5B'ien % ? Sa)e( H K& ""ni7Q % H % Sa)e( & R"7man H H % % % ?Figure K, ORDER B @(a<e

SELECT id ,:ea'( AS :' ,(a)a': ,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( ASC3 AS a ,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( ASC N0LLS #IRST3 AS a9 ,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( ASC N0LLS LAST 3 AS a) ,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( DESC3 AS d

,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( DESC N0LLS #IRST3 AS d9 ,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( DESC N0LLS LAST 3 AS d)#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 %&&ORDER B :ea'( ANSWER ,(a)a':/ ================================== ID R SALAR A A# AL D D# DL -- -- -------- -- -- -- -- -- -- ?& %&H. % % H H K& H %&&%. ? & H %&&H.&& ? & %H&.? ? ? ? %& %?.& ? ? ?

& %%%. ? ? & %& &HK.& H % & - %?&.H& H % H % % H H& - %H&.?& H % H % % HFigure &, O8e''idin< 7e de9a@)7 n@)) "'de'in< (e@en>e

SELECT CO0NT2DISTINCT :ea'(3 AS :% ,MA12:3 AS :#ROM 2SELECT :ea'(

,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'(3 AS : #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 %&& 3AS ANSWERORDER B %/ ======= % --- --- HFigure %, C"@n7in< di(7in>7 8a)@e( - >"m$a'i("n

SELECT id ANSWER ,:ea'( AS :' ================= ,(a)a': ID R SALAR R% ,RAN23 O6ER2PARTITION B :ea'( -- -- -------- -- ORDER B (a)a':3 AS '% ?& %&H. %#ROM (7a99 & H %&&H.&& %WERE id 4 & & %H&.? % AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %& %?.& ORDER B :ea'( & %%%. % ,(a)a':/ & & &HK.& %Figure , 6a)@e( 'aned !: (@!(e7 "9 '"G(

SELECT id ,:ea'( ,(a)a': ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( ASC33 AS 'an_a

,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( DESC33 AS 'an_d ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B id, :ea'(33 AS 'an_i:#ROM STA##WERE id 4 %&& AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LLORDER B :ea'(/Figure ?, M@)7i$)e 'anin<( in (ame @e':

SELECT id ,:ea'( ,name ,(a)a': ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B S0BSTR2name,?,333 AS d@m!% ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B (a)a': %&&&33 AS d@m! ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'( * ID33 AS d@m!? ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B 'and2333 AS d@m! ,SMALLINT2RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B %33 AS d@m!#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 & AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LLORDER B %/Figure , D@m! 'anin<(, SL

ID EARS NAME SALAR D0MB% D0MB D0MB? D0MB D0MB-- ----- -------- -------- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----%& Sande'( %?.& % ? % % %& Pe'na) %%%. ? ? ? %?& Ma'en<i %&H. % %Figure , D@m! 'anin<, An(Ge'

SELECT .* ANSWER ,RAN23O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS ' ================#ROM 2SELECT id ID NAME R% R ,name -- ------- -- -- ,RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS '% & O5B'ien % #ROM (7a99 & ane( WERE id 4 %&& & R"7man H ? AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL K& ""ni7Q

3AS WERE id ?&ORDER B id/Figure H, S@!(e@en7 $'">e((in< "9 'aned da7a

SELECT id ANSWER ,RAN23 O6ER2PARTITION B de$7 ================= ORDER B (a)a': DESC3 AS '% ID R% SALAR DP ,(a)a': -- -- -------- -- ,de$7 AS d$ & % &HK.& %#ROM (7a99 %& % %?.& &WERE id 4 & & % %&&H.&& ? AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL & %%%. &ORDER B '% ASC ?& %&H. ? ,(a)a': DESC/ & %H&.? %Figure , O'de'in< '"G( !: 'an, @(in< RAN 9@n>7i"n

SELECT id ANSWER ,2SELECT CO0NT2*3 ================= #ROM (7a99 ( ID R% SALAR DP WERE (.id 4 & -- -- -------- -- AND S.EARS IS NOT N0LL & % &HK.& % AND (.de$7 = (%.de$7 %& % %?.& & AND (.(a)a': = (%.(a)a':3 AS R% & % %&&H.&& ? ,SALAR & %%%. & ,de$7 AS d$ ?& %&H. ?#ROM (7a99 (% & %H&.? %

WERE id 4 & AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LLORDER B '% ASC ,(a)a': DESC/Figure , O'de'in< '"G( !: 'an, @(in< (@!-@e':

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ==============

,de$7 AS d$ ID SALAR DP#ROM 2SELECT (%.* -- -------- -- ,RAN23 O6ER2PARTITION B de$7 & &HK.& % ORDER B (a)a': DESC3 AS '% %& %?.& & #ROM (7a99 (% & %&&H.&& ? WERE id 4 & AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL 3AS WERE '% = %ORDER B d$/Figure K, ;e7 i<e(7 (a)a': in ea> de$a'7men7, @(e RAN 9@n>7i"n

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ============== ,de$7 AS d$ ID SALAR DP#ROM (7a99 (% -- -------- --WERE id 4 & & &HK.& % AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %& %?.& &

AND NOT E1ISTS & %&&H.&& ? 2SELECT * #ROM (7a99 ( WERE (.id 4 & AND (.:ea'( IS NOT N0LL AND (.de$7 = (%.de$7 AND (.(a)a': (%.(a)a':3ORDER B DP/Figure H&, ;e7 i<e(7 (a)a': in ea> de$a'7men7, @(e >"''e)a7ed (@!-@e':

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ============== ,de$7 AS d$ ID SALAR DP#ROM (7a99 -- -------- --WERE id 4 & & &HK.& % AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %& %?.& & AND 2de$7, (a)a':3 IN & %&&H.&& ? 2SELECT de$7, MA12(a)a':3 #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 & AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL ;RO0P B de$73

ORDER B d$/Figure H%, ;e7 i<e(7 (a)a': in ea> de$a'7men7, @(e @n>"''e)a7ed (@!-@e':

Figure H, N@m!e'in< #@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ================= ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS '% ID NAME R% R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS ' -- -------- -- --#ROM (7a99 %& Sande'( % %WERE id 4 & & Pe'na) AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL ?& Ma'en<i ? ?ORDER B id/ & O5B'ien Figure H?, ORDER B eam$)e, % "9 ?

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ================= ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS '% ID NAME R% R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B name3 AS ' -- -------- -- --#ROM (7a99 %& Sande'( WERE id 4 & & Pe'na) ? ?

AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL ?& Ma'en<i % %ORDER B id/ & O5B'ien Figure H, ORDER B eam$)e, "9 ?

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ==================== ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS '% ID NAME R% R R? ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B ID3 AS ' -- -------- -- -- --

,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B NAME3 AS '? %& Sande'( % % #ROM (7a99 & Pe'na) ?WERE id 4 & ?& Ma'en<i ? ? % AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL & O5B'ien ORDER B id/Figure H, ORDER B eam$)e, ? "9 ?

SELECT "! ,:ea'(

,id ,name ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B :ea'(3 AS '"G ,RAN23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B :ea'(3 AS 'n% ,DENSE_RAN23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B :ea'(3 AS 'n#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 %& AND :ea'( IN 2H,3 ANSWER AND "! 5L5 ======================================ORDER B "! JOB EARS ID NAME ROW RN% RN

,:ea'(/ ----- ----- --- ------- ---- ---- ---- M<' H %& #'a:e % % % M<' %& Sande'( M<' %&& P)"7Q ? Sa)e( H & O5B'ien % % % Sa)e( H K& ""ni7Q % % Sa)e( & R"7man ? ? Figure HH, 0(e "9 PARTITION $'a(e

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT id ============= ,name ID NAME R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS ' -- -------- - #ROM (7a99 %& Sande'( % WERE id 4 %&& & Pe'na) AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL ?& Ma'en7 9i'(7 ? '"G(, @(in< ROW_N0MBER 9@n>7i"n

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ============= ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS ' ID NAME R#ROM (7a99 -- -------- -WERE id 4 %&& %& Sande'( %

AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL & Pe'na) ORDER B id ?& Ma'en7 9i'(7 ? '"G(, @(in< #ETC #IRST n"7a7i"n

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT id ============= ,name ID NAME R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS ' -- -------- -

#ROM (7a99 ?& Ma'en7 ?'d 7'"@< H7 '"G(

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT id ============== ,name ID NAME R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS ' --- ------- -- #ROM (7a99 %& Sande'( % WERE id 4 && & R"7man H AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %& #'a:e %% 3AS %K& Sneide' %HWERE 2' - %3 = 22' - %3 3 * ORDER B id/Figure &, Se)e>7 e8e': 7 ma7>in< '"G

SELECT *#ROM 2SELECT id ,name ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B id DESC3 AS ' #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 &&

AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL ANSWER 3AS ==============WERE ' 4= ID NAME RORDER B id/ --- -------- - %& A!'aam( %K& Sneide' %Figure %, Se)e>7 )a(7 7G" '"G(

WIT7em$%2:ea'(, id, name, 'n, '"G3 AS 2SELECT :ea'( ,id ,name ,RAN23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'(3 ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B :ea'(, id3 #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 && AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL3,7em$2'n3 AS 2SELECT 'n #ROM 7em$%

WERE '"G = ? ANSWER3 ==========================SELECT 7em$%.* EARS ID NAME RN ROW#ROM 7em$% ----- --- -------- --- --- ,7em$ ? %& A!'aam( % %WERE 7em$%.'n 4= 7em$.'n %& e'mi(> ORDER B :ea'( ?& Ma'en7 9i'(7 n '"G(, "' m"'e i9 needed

CREATE TABLE in8"i>e2in8 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>@(7"me' INTE;ER NOT N0LL,(a)e_da7e DATE NOT N0LL,(a)e_8a)@e DECIMAL2K,3 NOT N0LL,CONSTRAINT >7% PRIMAR E 2in83,CONSTRAINT >7 CEC2in8 = &33/Figure ?, Pe'9"'man>e 7e(7 7a!)e - de9ini7i"n



INSERT INTO in8"i>eWIT 7em$ 2n,m3 AS26AL0ES 2INTE;ER2&3,RAND2%33 0NION ALL SELECT n+%, RAND23 #ROM 7em$ WERE n+% 4 &&&&&

3SELECT n AS in8 ,INT2m * %&&&3 AS >@(7"me' ,DATE25&&&-%%-&%53 + 2m*&3 DAS AS (a)e_da7e ,DECIMAL22m * m * %&&3,,3 AS (a)e_8a)@e#ROM 7em$/Figure , Pe'9"'man>e 7e(7 7a!)e - in(e'7 &&,&&& '"G(

SELECT (.*#ROM in8"i>e (ORDER B in8#ETC #IRST ROWS ONL/Figure , #e7> 9i'(7 '"G( - &.?%? e)a$(ed (e>"nd(

SELECT (.*#ROM in8"i>e (ORDER B in8

#ETC #IRST ROWS ONLOPTIMIE #OR ROWS/Figure H, #e7> 9i'(7 '"G( - &.% e)a$(ed (e>"nd(

SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS '"G#ROM in8"i>e (ORDER B in8

#ETC #IRST ROWS ONL/Figure , #e7> 9i'(7 '"G(+ n@m!e' '"G( - &.H e)a$(ed (e>"nd(

SELECT *#ROM 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS '"G #ROM in8"i>e ( 3

WERE '"G 4= ORDER B in8/Figure , P'">e(( and n@m!e' '"G( "n): - &.&&& e)a$(ed (e>"nd(

SELECT *

#ROM 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B in83 AS '"G #ROM in8"i>e ( 3WERE '"G 4= ORDER B in8/Figure K, P'">e(( and n@m!e' '"G( "n): - &.% e)a$(ed (e>"nd(

WIT 7em$ 2in8, >, (d, (8, n3 AS 2SELECT in8.* ,% #ROM in8"i>e in8 WERE in8 = 2SELECT MIN2in83 #ROM in8"i>e3 0NION ALL SELECT neG.*, n + % #ROM 7em$ ")d ,in8"i>e neG WERE ")d.in8 4 neG.in8 AND ")d.n 4 AND neG.in8 =

2SELECT MIN2.in83 #ROM in8"i>e WERE .in8 ")d.in83 3SELECT *#ROM 7em$/Figure &, #e7> 9i'(7 '"G( - &.&&& e)a$(ed (e>"nd(

Figure %, A<<'e<a7i"n #@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT id ,name ,(a)a': ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER23 AS (@m_(a) ,A6;2(a)a':3 O6ER23 AS a8<_(a) ,MIN2(a)a':3 O6ER23 AS min_(a)

,MA12(a)a':3 O6ER23 AS ma_(a) ,CO0NT2*3 O6ER23 AS '"G(#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 H&ORDER B id/Figure , A<<'e<a7i"n 9@n>7i"n, !a(i> @(a<e, SL

ID NAME SALAR S0M_SAL A6;_SAL MIN_SAL MA1_SAL ROWS-- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -----%& Sande'( %?.& K&%.?& %&.H %&H. &HK.& & Pe'na) %%%. K&%.?& %&.H %&H. &HK.& ?& Ma'en7i"n, !a(i> @(a<e, An(Ge'

WIT7em$% 2id, name, (a)a':3 AS 2SELECT id, name, (a)a': #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 H&3,7em$ 2(@m_(a), a8<_(a), min_(a), ma_(a), '"G(3 AS 2SELECT S0M2(a)a':3 ,A6;2(a)a':3 ,MIN2(a)a':3 ,MA12(a)a':3

,CO0NT2*3 #ROM 7em$%3SELECT *#ROM 7em$% ,7em$ORDER B id/Figure , Se)e>7 de7ai)ed da7a, $)@( (@mma': da7a

SELECT id ,name ,(a)a': ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER23 AS (@m% ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B id * &3 AS (@m ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B 5ABC53 AS (@m? ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B 5ABC5 RAN;E BETWEEN 0NBO0NDED PRECEDIN; AND 0NBO0NDED #OLLOWIN;3 AS (@m#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 H&ORDER B id/

Figure , L"a)): e@i8a)en7 a<<'e<a7i"n 9@n>7i"n(, SL

ID NAME SALAR S0M% S0M S0M? S0M-- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------%& Sande'( %?.& K&%.?& K&%.?& K&%.?& K&%.?&

& Pe'na) %%%. K&%.?& K&%.?& K&%.?& K&%.?&?& Ma'ena)): e@i8a)en7 a<<'e<a7i"n 9@n>7i"n(, An(Ge'

SELECT de$7 ,name

,(a)a': ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B de$73 AS (@m% ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 DESC3 AS (@m ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, NAME3 AS (@m? ,S0M2(a)a':3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 DESC, name DESC3 AS (@m ,CO0NT2*3 O6ER2ORDER B de$73 AS '"G% ,CO0NT2*3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, NAME3 AS '"G#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 H&ORDER B de$7 ,name/Figure , A<<'e<a7i"n 9@n>7i"n, "'de' !: @(a<e, SL

DEPT NAME SALAR S0M% S0M S0M? S0M ROW% ROW---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---- ---- % ane( &HK.& &HK.& K&%.?& &HK.& K&%.?& % % & Pe'na) %%%. %. &%.& ??%.& &%.& ? & Sande'( %?.& %. &%.& %. ?&. ? ? ? Ma'en7i"n, "'de' !: @(a<e, An(Ge'

SELECT de$7 ,name ,:ea'( ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$733 AS d ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name33 AS dn ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS 0NBO0NDED PRECEDIN;33AS dn@ ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name

ROWS ? PRECEDIN;33 AS dn? ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS % PRECEDIN;33 AS dn% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS & PRECEDIN;33 AS dn& ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS C0RRENT ROW33 AS dn> ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 DESC, name DESC ROWS % PRECEDIN;33 AS dn#ROM (7a99

WERE id 4 %&& AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LLORDER B de$7 ,name/Figure K, S7a'7in< ROWS @(a<e. Im$)ied end i( >@''en7 '"G, SL

DEPT NAME EARS D DN DN0 DN? DN% DN& DNC DN1---- -------- ----- -- -- --- --- --- --- --- ---

% ane( %& % %& %& %& %& %& %& % % R"7man % % % % % % & Pe'na) ? % % & Sande'( ? ? ? ? % % ? Ma'en@''en7 '"G, An(Ge'

SELECT de$7 ,name ,:ea'( ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name33 AS @>% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS 0NBO0NDED PRECEDIN;33 AS @> ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS BETWEEN 0NBO0NDED PRECEDIN; AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS @>? ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS BETWEEN C0RRENT ROW AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS >@% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name

ROWS BETWEEN % PRECEDIN; AND % #OLLOWIN;33 AS $9% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS BETWEEN PRECEDIN; AND #OLLOWIN;33 AS $9 ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS BETWEEN ? PRECEDIN; AND ? #OLLOWIN;33 AS $9? ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS BETWEEN C0RRENT ROW AND 0NBO0NDED #OLLOWIN;33 AS >@% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7, name ROWS BETWEEN 0NBO0NDED PRECEDIN;

AND 0NBO0NDED #OLLOWIN;33 AS @@%#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 %&& AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LLORDER B de$7 ,name/Figure K%, ROWS @(a<e, Gi7 BETWEEN $'a(e, SL

DEPT NAME EARS 0C% 0C 0C? C0% P#% P# P#? C0% 00%---- -------- ----- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- % ane( %& %& %& %& %& % ? K K % R"7man % % % ? ? ?K K & Pe'na) ? ? ? K & Sande'( ? ? ? & ?? K K ? Ma'en<i ? ? ? % ? ?K % K ? O5B'ien H ? ? ? H % ? % K ""ni7Q H K K K H % % H KFigure K, ROWS @(a<e, Gi7 BETWEEN $'a(e, An(Ge'

SELECT id ,name ,SMALLINT2S0M2id3 O6ER2ORDER B id ASC ROWS BETWEEN % PRECEDIN; AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS a$> ,SMALLINT2S0M2id3 O6ER2ORDER B id ASC ROWS BETWEEN C0RRENT ROW AND % #OLLOWIN;33 AS a>9

,SMALLINT2S0M2id3 O6ER2ORDER B id DESC ROWS BETWEEN % PRECEDIN; AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS d$> ,SMALLINT2S0M2id3 O6ER2ORDER B id DESC ROWS BETWEEN C0RRENT ROW AND % #OLLOWIN;33 AS d>9#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 & AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL ANSWERORDER B id/ =========================== ID NAME APC AC# DPC DC# -- -------- --- --- --- --- %& Sande'( %& ?& ?& %&

& Pe'na) ?& & & ?& ?& Ma'en<i & & & & & O5B'ien & & & &Figure K?,BETWEEN and ORDER B @(a<e

ASC id 2%&,&,?&,&3READ ROWS, LE#T 7" RI;T %ST-ROW ND-ROW ?RD-ROW T-ROW========================== ======== ======== ======== ========

% PRECEDIN; 7" C0RRENT ROW %&=%& %&+&=?& &+?&=& ?&+&=&C0RRENT ROW 7" % #OLLOWIN; %&+&=?& &+?&=& ?&+&=& & =&

DESC id 2&,?&,&,%&3READ ROWS, RI;T 7" LE#T %ST-ROW ND-ROW ?RD-ROW T-ROW========================== ======== ======== ======== ========% PRECEDIN; 7" C0RRENT ROW &+%&=?& ?&+&=& &+?&=& & =&C0RRENT ROW 7" % #OLLOWIN; %& =%& &+%&=?& ?&+&=& &+?&=&

NOTE P'e>edin< '"G i( a)Ga:( "n LE#T "9 >@''en7 '"G. #"))"Gin< '"G i( a)Ga:( "n RI;T "9 >@''en7 '"G.Figure K, E$)ana7i"n "9 @e':

SELECT de$7 ,name ,:ea'(

,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 ROWS BETWEEN % PRECEDIN; AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS '"G% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 ROWS BETWEEN PRECEDIN; AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS '"G ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 RAN;E BETWEEN % PRECEDIN; AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS '<&% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 RAN;E BETWEEN %& PRECEDIN; AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS '<%& ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 RAN;E BETWEEN & PRECEDIN;

AND C0RRENT ROW33 AS '<& ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 RAN;E BETWEEN %& PRECEDIN; AND & #OLLOWIN;33 AS '<%% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 RAN;E BETWEEN C0RRENT ROW AND & #OLLOWIN;33 AS '<KK#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 %&& AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LLORDER B de$7 ,name/Figure K, RAN;E @(a<e, SL

DEPT NAME EARS ROW% ROW R;&% R;%& R;& R;%% R;KK------ ------- ----- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- % ane( %& %& %& % % % ? ? % R"7man % % % % % ? ? & Pe'na) % % ? ? ? H & Sande'( % % ? ? ? H ? Ma'en< % & %% %% H % %

? O5B'ien H %% % %% %% H % % ""ni7Q H % % H % % % HFigure KH, RAN;E @(a<e, An(Ge'

SELECT de$7

,name ,:ea'( ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$733 AS ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 ROWS ? PRECEDIN;33 AS "? ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2ORDER B de$7 ROWS BETWEEN % PRECEDIN; AND % #OLLOWIN;33 AS "%% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$733 AS $ ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$7 ORDER B de$733 AS $" ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$7 ORDER B de$7

ROWS % PRECEDIN;33 AS $"% ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$7 ORDER B de$7 ROWS ? PRECEDIN;33 AS $"? ,SMALLINT2S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$7 ORDER B de$7 ROWS BETWEEN % PRECEDIN; AND % #OLLOWIN;33 AS $"%%#ROM (7a99WERE id BETWEEN & AND %& AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LLORDER B de$7 ,name/Figure K, PARTITION @(a<e, SL

DEPT NAME EARS 1 1O? 1O%% P PO PO% PO? PO%%----- ------- ----- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- % ane( %& %& % %& %& % % N<an % % % % R"7man % % % ? O5B'ien H %K H H H H H ""ni7Q H % %K %? %? H H %?

P)"7Q % H %? %? %? %? %? %?Figure K, PARTITION @(a<e, An(Ge'

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,S0M2:ea'(3 AS (@m ================ ,A6;2:ea'(3 AS a8< DEPT S0M A6; ROW ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G ---- --- --- ---#ROM (7a99 % ?

WERE id BETWEEN & AND %& ? H H % AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %? H ;RO0P B de$7/Figure KK, Sam$)e @e': @(in< ;RO0P B

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$73 AS (@m ================= ,A6;2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$73 AS a8< DEPT S0M A6; ROW ,CO0NT2*3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$73 AS '"G ----- --- --- ---#ROM (7a99 % ?WERE id BETWEEN & AND %& % ? AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL % ?ORDER B de$7/ ? H H % %? H %? H Figure ?&&, Sam$)e @e': @(in< PARTITION

SELECT DISTINCT de$7 ANSWER ,S0M2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$73 AS (@m ================= ,A6;2:ea'(3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$73 AS a8< DEPT S0M A6; ROW ,CO0NT2*3 O6ER2PARTITION B de$73 AS '"G ----- --- --- ---#ROM (7a99 % ?WERE id BETWEEN & AND %& ? H H % AND :ea'( IS NOT N0LL %? H ORDER B de$7/Figure ?&%, Sam$)e @e': @(in< PARTITION and DISTINCT

CREATE 6IEW (>a)a' 2d%,9%,(%,>%,8%,7(%,d7%,7m%,7>%3 ASWIT 7em$% 2n%, >%, 7%3 AS26AL0ES 2-.,5ABCDE#5,5%KKH-&--?...%?H53 ,2+&.&,5ABCD 5,5%KKH-&-%-%.%.%.%%%53 ,2+%.,5AB 5,5&&&%-&%-&%-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&&533SELECT DECIMAL2n%,?,%3 ,DO0BLE2n%3 ,SMALLINT2n%3

,CAR2>%,H3 ,6ARCAR2RTRIM2>%3,H3 ,TIMESTAMP27%3 ,DATE27%3 ,TIME27%3 ,CAR27%3#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?&, Sam$)e 6ieG DDL - S>a)a' 9@n>7i"n(

D% #% S% C% 6% TS%------ --------- -- ------ ------ -------------------------- -. -.e+&&& - ABCDE# ABCDE# %KKH-&--?...%?H &.& &.&e+&&& & ABCD ABCD %KKH-&-%-%.%.%.%%% %. %.e+&&& % AB AB &&&%-&%-&%-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&&

DT% TM% TC%---------- -------- --------------------------

%KKH-&- ? %KKH-&--?...%?H%KKH-&-% %%% %KKH-&-%-%.%.%.%%%&&&%-&%-&% &&&&&& &&&%-&%-&%-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&&Figure ?&?, SCALAR 8ieG, >"n7en7( 2? '"G(3

SELECT d% AS d% ANSWER 29)"a7 "@7$@7 ("'7ened3 ,ABS2D%3 AS d ================================ ,9% AS 9% D% D #% #

,ABS29%3 AS 9 ---- --- ---------- ---------#ROM (>a)a'/ -. . -.&&e+& .&&e+&& &.& &.& &.&&&e+& &.&&&e+&& %. %. %.&&e+& %.&&e+&&Figure ?&, ABS 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT >% ANSWER ,ASCII2>%3 AS a>% ================ ,ASCII2S0BSTR2>%,33 AS a> C% AC% AC

#ROM (>a)a' ------ --- ---WERE >% = 5ABCDE#5/ ABCDE# H HHFigure ?&, ASCII 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$ 2!i<3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES BI;INT2%3 ==================== 0NION ALL BI; SELECT !i< * H --------------------

#ROM 7em$ % WERE !i< 4 %E%H H3 H?HSELECT !i< %H%H#ROM 7em$/ KKHKH %&KK%%HH %KH%&HH &K&?KK?HFigure ?&H, BI;INT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT 7em$ 29%3 AS26AL0ES #LOAT2%.?HK3 0NION ALL SELECT 9% * %&& #ROM 7em$ WERE 9% 4 %E%3SELECT 9% AS 9)"a7%

,DEC29%,%K3 AS de>ima)% ,BI;INT29%3 AS !i<in7%#ROM 7em$/Figure ?&, C"n8e'7 #LOAT 7" DECIMAL and BI;INT, SL

#LOAT% DECIMAL% BI;INT%---------------------- ------------------- --------------------+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&& %. %

+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?. %?+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?. %?+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&H %?H. %?H+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?HK. %?H+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&%& %?HK&&. %?HKK+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&. %?HKKKK+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKK+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&%H %?HK&&&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKKKH+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKKKFigure ?&, C"n8e'7 #LOAT 7" DECIMAL and BI;INT, an(Ge'

Figure ?&K, BLOB 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

Figure ?%&, CEILIN; 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT d% ANSWER 29)"a7 "@7$@7 ("'7ened3 ,CEIL2d%3 AS d ================================== ,9% D% D #% # ,CEIL29%3 AS 9 ---- ---- ---------- ----------#ROM (>a)a'/ -. -. -.&&E+& -.&&&E+& &.& &. +&.&&&E+& +&.&&&E+& %. . +%.&&E+& +.&&&E+&Figure ?%%, CEIL 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(



Figure ?%, CAR 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT name ANSWER ,CAR2name,?3 ===================================== ,>"mm NAME COMM ,CAR2>"mm3 ------- --- ------- -------- -------- ,CAR2>"mm,5X53 Jame( Jam %.& &&%.& &&%X&#ROM (7a99 ""ni7Q "" %?H.& &%?H.& &%?HX&WERE id BETWEEN & P)"7Q P)" - - - AND %&&ORDER B id/Figure ?%?, CAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e( - >a'a>7e'( and n@m!e'(

ANSWER ========================================== INT CAR_INT CAR_#LT CAR_DEC -------- -------- ----------- ------------WIT 7em$% 2n3 AS ? ? ?.&E& &&&&&&&&&&?.26AL0ES 2?3 K K K.&E& &&&&&&&&&&K. 0NION ALL % % .%E% &&&&&&&&&%. SELECT n * n HH% HH% H.H%E? &&&&&&&HH%. #ROM 7em$% ?&H% ?&H% .?&H%E &&&?&H%. WERE n 4 K&&&

3SELECT n AS in7 ,CAR2INT2n33 AS >a'_in7 ,CAR2#LOAT2n33 AS >a'_9)7 ,CAR2DEC2n33 AS >a'_de>#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?%, CAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e( - $"(i7i8e n@m!e'(

WIT 7em$% 2n%, n3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2SMALLINT2+?3 =================================== ,SMALLINT2-33 N% I% I D% D 0NION ALL ------ ----- ------ ------- ------- SELECT n% * n ? ? +? &&&&?. +&&&&?. ,n -% -% -% -&&&%. -&&&%. #ROM 7em$% % % +% &&%. +&&%. WERE n% 4 ?&& -%&K -%&K -%&K -&%&K. -&%&K.3 &? &? +&? &&?. +&&?.SELECT n% ,CAR2n%3 AS i% ,CASE WEN n% 4 & TEN CAR2n%3

ELSE 5+5 CONCAT CAR2n%3 END AS i ,CAR2DEC2n%33 AS d% ,CASE WEN n% 4 & TEN CAR2DEC2n%33 ELSE 5+5 CONCAT CAR2DEC2n%33 END AS d#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?%, A)i<n CAR 9@n>7i"n "@7$@7 - n@m!e'(

ANSWER ==========SELECT CAR2C0RRENT DATE,ISO3 AS i(" == &&-%%-?& ,CAR2C0RRENT DATE,E0R3 AS e@' == ?&.%%.&& ,CAR2C0RRENT DATE,JIS3 AS i( == &&-%%-?& ,CAR2C0RRENT DATE,0SA3 AS @(a == %%?&&&#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/Figure ?%H, CAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e( - da7e 8a)@e

ANSWER ========SELECT CAR2C0RRENT TIME,ISO3 AS i(" == %K..% ,CAR2C0RRENT TIME,E0R3 AS e@' == %K..% ,CAR2C0RRENT TIME,JIS3 AS i( == %K% ,CAR2C0RRENT TIME,0SA3 AS @(a == & PM#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/Figure ?%, CAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e( - 7ime 8a)@e

SELECT CAR2C0RRENT TIMESTAMP3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/ ========================== &&-%%-?&-%K..%.?&&Figure ?%, CAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e - 7ime(7am$ 8a)@e

SELECT d ANSWER ,CAR2d3 AS >d ================ ,DI;ITS2d3 AS dd D CD DD#ROM 2SELECT DEC2d%,,%3 AS d ---- ------ ---- #ROM (>a)a' -. -&&. && 3AS &.& &&&.& &&&&ORDER B %/ %. &&%. &&%Figure ?%K, DI;ITS 8(. CAR



SELECT 5A5 AS > ANSWER ,ASCII25A53 AS >n ================= ,CR2ASCII25A533 AS >n> C CN CNC NL ,CR2???3 AS n) - --- ----- --#ROM (7a99 A H A YWERE id = %&/

Figure ?&, CR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT >% ANSWER ,CLOB2>%3 AS >>% =================== ,CLOB2>%,?3 AS >> C% CC% CC#ROM (>a)a'/ ------ ------ --- ABCDE# ABCDE# ABC ABCD ABCD ABC

AB AB ABFigure ?%, CLOB 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT id ANSWER ,>"mm ================== ,COALESCE2>"mm,&3 ID COMM ?#ROM (7a99 -- ------ ------WERE id 4 ?& %& - &.&&ORDER B id/ & H%. H%.Figure ?, COALESCE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT 7em$%2>%,>,>?3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 ======== ,CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 CC% CC ,CAST2%& AS SMALLINT333 --- ---SELECT COALESCE2>%,>,>?3 AS >>% %& %& ,CASE

WEN >% IS NOT N0LL TEN >% WEN > IS NOT N0LL TEN > WEN >? IS NOT N0LL TEN >? END AS >>#ROM TEMP%/Figure ??, COALESCE and e@i8a)en7 CASE e$'e((i"n

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( ANSWER

,MIN2id3 AS min_id =================== ,COALESCE2MIN2id3,-%3 AS >>>_id ROWS MIN_ID CCC_ID#ROM (7a99 ----- ------ ------WERE id 4 / & - -%Figure ?, NOT N0LL 9ie)d 'e7@'nin< n@)) 8a)@e

SELECT 5A5 || 5B5 ANSWER ,5A5 CONCAT 5B5 =================== ,CONCAT25A5,5B53 % ? ,5A5 || 5B5 || 5C5 --- --- --- --- --- ,CONCAT2CONCAT25A5,5B53,5C53 AB AB AB ABC ABC#ROM (7a99WERE id = %&/Figure ?, CONCAT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$% 2>")%, >")3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25A5 , 553 =============== ,25AE5, 5OOO53 COL% COL COL? ,25AE5, 553 ---- ---- -----3 AE OOO AEOOOSELECT >")% AE AE ,>") A A ,>")% CONCAT >") AS >")?#ROM 7em$%ORDER B >")?/Figure ?H, CONCAT @(ed Gi7 ORDER B - G'"n< "@7$@7 (e@en>e

WIT 7em$% 2>")%, >")3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25A5 , 553 =============== ,25AE5, 5OOO53 COL% COL COL? ,25AE5, 553 ---- ---- -----3 A A SELECT >")% AE OOO AEOOO ,>") AE AE ,CAR2>")%,3 CONCAT

CAR2>"),?3 AS >")?#ROM 7em$%ORDER B >")?/Figure ?, CONCAT @(ed Gi7 ORDER B - >"''e>7 "@7$@7 (e@en>e

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2&3 ======================= 0NION ALL N% RAN COS SIN



SELECT n% + %& -- ----- ----- ----- #ROM 7em$% & &.&&& %.&&& &.&&& WERE n% 4 K&3 %& &.% &.K &.%?SELECT n% & &.?K &.K?K &.? ,DEC2RADIANS2n%3,,?3 AS 'an ?& &.? &.HH &.&& ,DEC2COS2RADIANS2n%33,,?3 AS >"( & &.HK &.HH &.H ,DEC2SIN2RADIANS2n%33,,?3 AS (in & &. &.H &.HH#ROM 7em$%/ H& %.& &.&& &.HH & %.% &.? &.K?K & %.?KH &.%? &.K

K& %.& &.&&& %.&&&Figure ?, RADIAN, COS, and SIN 9@n>7i"n( eam$)e

Figure ?K, DATE 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT 7(% ANSWER ,DATE27(%3 AS d7% ======================================#ROM (>a)a'/ TS% DT% -------------------------- ---------- %KKH-&--?...%?H %KKH-&- %KKH-&-%-%.%.%.%%% %KKH-&-% &&&%-&%-&%-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&& &&&%-&%-&%Figure ??&, DATE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e - 7ime(7am$ in$@7

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2&&&&&%3 =================== ,2&&&3 N% D% ,2?&%&33 ------- ----------SELECT n% % &&&%-&%-&% ,DATE2n%3 AS d% &&& %KK-&?-%?#ROM 7em$%/ ?&%& &&&-&%-&%Figure ??%, DATE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e - n@me'i> in$@7

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,DA2d7%3 AS da:% ================#ROM (>a)a' DT% DA%WERE DA2d7%3 %&/ ---------- ---- %KKH-&- %KKH-&-% %Figure ??, DA 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,DA2d7%3 AS da:% ========================= ,d7% -5%KKH-&-?&5 AS d@' DT% DA% D0R DA ,DA2d7% -5%KKH-&-?&53 AS da: ---------- ---- ---- ----#ROM (>a)a' %KKH-&- -. -WERE DA2d7%3 %& %KKH-&-% % ?%. %ORDER B d7%/

Figure ???, DA 9@n>7i"n, @(in< da7e-d@'a7i"n in$@7

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,DANAME2d7%3 AS d:% ======================== ,LEN;T2DANAME2d7%33 AS d: DT% D% D#ROM (>a)a' ---------- ------- ---WERE DANAME2d7%3 LIE 5FaF:5 &&&%-&%-&% M"nda: HORDER B d7%/ %KKH-&- M"nda: H

%KKH-&-% T@'(da: Figure ??, DANAME 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,DAO#WEE2d7%3 AS dG ========================= ,DANAME2d7%3 AS dnm DT% DW DNM#ROM (>a)a' ---------- --- --------ORDER B dG &&&%-&%-&% M"nda: ,dnm/ %KKH-&- M"nda:

%KKH-&-% T@'(da:Figure ??, DAO#WEE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT ANSWER7em$% 2n3 AS ======================== 26AL0ES 2&3 DATE DA W D WI I 0NION ALL ---------- --- -- - -- - SELECT n+% %KKK-%- Sa7 % H

#ROM 7em$% %KKK-%-H S@n ? % % WERE n 4 K3, %KKK-%- M"n ? %7em$ 2d7%3 AS %KKK-%- T@e ? ? 26AL0ES2DATE25%KKK-%-533 %KKK-%-K Wed ? ? ,2DATE25&&&-%-5333, %KKK-%-?& T@ ? 7em$? 2d73 AS %KKK-%-?% #'i ? H 2SELECT d7% + n DAS &&&-&%-&% Sa7 % H #ROM 7em$% &&&-&%-& S@n % ,7em$3 &&&-&%-&? M"n % %SELECT CAR2d7,ISO3 AS da7e &&&-%- S@n ? % % ,S0BSTR2DANAME2d73,%,?3 AS da: &&&-%- M"n ? % ,WEE2d73 AS G &&&-%-H T@e ? ? ,DAO#WEE2d73 AS d &&&-%- Wed ? ?



,WEE_ISO2d73 AS Gi &&&-%- T@ ? ,DAO#WEE_ISO2d73 AS i &&&-%-K #'i ? H #ROM 7em$? &&&-%-?& Sa7 ? HORDER B %/ &&&-%-?% S@n % &&%-&%-&% M"n % % % &&%-&%-& T@e % ? % Figure ??H, DAO#WEE_ISO 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,DAO#EAR2d7%3 AS d:' ===============#ROM (>a)a' DT% DRORDER B d:'/ ---------- --- &&&%-&%-&% % %KKH-&- %%? %KKH-&-% Figure ??, DAO#EAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,DAS2d7%3 AS d:% ==================#ROM (>a)a' DT% D%ORDER B d:% ---------- ------ ,d7%/ &&&%-&%-&% % %KKH-&- % %KKH-&-% HFigure ??, DAS 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure ??K, DBPARTITIONN0M 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT DBPARTITIONN0M2id3 AS d!n@m ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ======

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Figure ?%, DECIMAL 9@n>7i"n (:n7a



WIT 7em$%2n%,n,>%,>3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2%? ========================== ,%E DEC% DEC DEC? DEC ,5%?.5 ----- ------ ------ ------ ,5HU533 %?. %&&.& %?. H.SELECT DEC2n%,?3 AS de>%

,DEC2n,,%3 AS de> ,DEC2>%,,%3 AS de>? ,DEC2>,,%,5U53 AS de>#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?, DECIMAL 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

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SELECT id ,name ,DECRPT_CAR2name,5CL0ELESS53 AS name? ,;ETINT2name3 AS in7 ,name#ROM 2SELECT id ,name ,ENCRPT2name,5CL0ELESS5,5M BOSS53 AS name #ROM (7a99

WERE id 4 ?& 3AS ORDER B id/Figure ?, DECRPT_CAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT a.name AS n% ANSWER ,SO0NDE12a.name3 AS (% ============================== ,!.name AS n N% S% N S D#

,SO0NDE12!.name3 AS ( ------- ---- --------- ---- -- ,DI##ERENCE Sande'( S?H Sneide' S?H 2a.name,!.name3 AS d9 Sande'( S?H Smi7 S?& ?#ROM (7a99 a Sande'( S?H L@nd@i(7 L? ,(7a99 ! Sande'( S?H Danie)( D %WERE a.id = %& Sande'( S?H M")ina'e MH % AND !.id %& Sande'( S?H S>"@77en S?& % AND !.id 4 & Sande'( S?H A!'aam( A%H &ORDER B d9 DESC Sande'( S?H e'mi(> H & ,n ASC/ Sande'( S?H L@ L&&& &Figure ?, DI##ERENCE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e



SELECT (% ANSWER ,DI;ITS2(%3 AS d(% ========================= ,d% S% DS% D% DD% ,DI;ITS2d%3 AS dd% ------ ----- ----- ---#ROM (>a)a'/ - &&&& -. & & &&&&& &.& &&&

% &&&&% %. &%Figure ?H, DI;ITS 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$%2>%,d%3 AS ANSWER 2"@7$@7 ("'7ened326AL0ES 25%?5,%.3 ================================== ,25-?.5,%?3 C%D D%D ,25%E+5,-?3 ---------------- ---------------- ,25-e&5,+.33 +%.?&&&&E+&& +%.&&&&&&E+&&%

SELECT DO0BLE2>%3 AS >%d -.?&&&&&&E+&&% +%.?&&&&&E+&&? ,DO0BLE2d%3 AS d%d +%.&&&&&&&&E+& -.?&&&&&&E+&&#ROM 7em$%/ -.&&&&&&&&E+&& +.&&&&&&&E+&&&Figure ?, DO0BLE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure ?, DECRPT 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT id ,name ,ENCRPT2name,5TAT IDIOT5,5M BROTER53 AS name#ROM (7a99WERE ID 4 ?&ORDER B id/Figure ?K, ENCRPT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2&3 ============================== 0NION ALL N% E% E SELECT n% + % -- --------------------- ----- #ROM 7em$% & +%.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E+& % WERE n% 4 %&3 % +.%%K&E+& SELECT n% +.?K&H&KK?&HE+& ,E1P2n%3 AS e% ? +.&&?HK?%HE+% & ,SMALLINT2E1P2n%33 AS e +.K%&&??%E+% #ROM 7em$%/ +%.%?%K%&HE+ %



H +.&?K?K?E+ &? +%.&KHH??%E+? %&KH +.K&KK&%E+? K& K +.%&?&?K?E+? %&? %& +.&HHK&HE+ &HFigure ?&, E1P 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT d% ANSWER 29)"a7 "@7$@7 ("'7ened3 ,#LOOR2d%3 AS d =================================== ,9% D% D #% # ,#LOOR29%3 AS 9 ----- ---- ---------- ----------#ROM (>a)a'/ -. -?. -.&&E+& -?.&&&E+& &.& +&. +&.&&&E+& +&.&&&E+& %. +%. +%.&&E+& +%.&&&E+&Figure ?%, #LOOR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT id ,;ENERATE_0NI0E23 AS @ni@e_8a)% ,DEC2E12;ENERATE_0NI0E233,H3 AS @ni@e_8a)#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 &ORDER B id/

ANSWER ================= =========================== ID 0NI0E_6AL% 0NI0E_6AL -- -------------- ---------------------------

NOTE ND #IELD = %& &&%%&%%K%HKK&%&&&&&&.IS 0NPRINTABLE. = & &&%%&%%K%HKK&H%&&&&&&. ?& &&%%&%%K%HKK&H&&&&&&. & &&%%&%%K%HKK&HHK&&&&&&.Figure ?, ;ENERATE_0NI0E 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT @% ,S0BSTR2@%,&,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%K,%3 CONCAT

S0BSTR2@%,%,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%H,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%?,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%%,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,%&,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&K,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&H,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&?,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2@%,&%,%3 AS 0#ROM 2SELECT E12;ENERATE_0NI0E233 AS @% #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 &3 AS ORDER B @/

ANSWER ================================================ 0% 0 -------------------------- -------------------- &&&&K&%%?%HK%%KK&&&&&&& &KK%%KH%?%%&K&&&& &&&&K&%%?%HK%%KK?&&&&&& ?KK%%KH%?%%&K&&&& &&&&K&%%?%HK%%KK&&&&&&& &KK%%KH%?%%&K&&&& &&&&K&%%?%HK%%KKHK&&&&&& KHKK%%KH%?%%&K&&&&Figure ??, ;ENERATE_0NI0E "@7$@7, >a'a>7e'( 'e8e'(ed 7" mae $(e@d"-'and"m

SELECT @% ,S0BSTR2'e8e'(e2CAR2@%33,,&3 AS @#ROM 2SELECT E12;ENERATE_0NI0E233 AS @% #ROM STA## WERE ID 4 &3 AS ORDER B 0/Figure ?, ;ENERATE_0NI0E "@7$@7, >a'a>7e'( 'e8e'(ed @(in< 9@n>7i"n

SELECT id ,name ,;ETINT2name3 AS in7#ROM 2SELECT id ,name ,ENCRPT2name,5TAT IDIOT5,5M BROTER53 AS name #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 ?& ANSWER 3AS =====================

ORDER B id/ ID NAME INT -- ------- ---------- %& Sande'( M BROTER & Pe'na) M BROTERFigure ?, ;ETINT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT ASED6AL0E2id3 AS 8a)@e ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ======

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WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2-?3 =============================== 0NION ALL S S1 D1 #1



SELECT n% + % -- ---- ------ ---------------- #ROM 7em$% -? #D## &&&&?D &&&&&&&&&&&&&C& WERE n% 4 ?3 - #E## &&&&D &&&&&&&&&&&&&&C&SELECT SMALLINT2n%3 AS ( -% #### &&&&%D &&&&&&&&&&&&#&B# ,E12SMALLINT2n%33 AS ( & &&&& &&&&&C &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ,E12DEC2n%,,&33 AS d % &%&& &&&&%C &&&&&&&&&&&&#&?# ,E12DO0BLE2n%33 AS 9 &&& &&&&C &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&#ROM 7em$%/ ? &?&& &&&&?C &&&&&&&&&&&&&&Figure ?, E1 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(, n@me'i> da7a

SELECT >% ANSWER ,E12>%3 AS > ======================================= ,8% C% C1 6% 61 ,E128%3 AS 8 ------ ------------ ------ ------------#ROM (>a)a'/ ABCDE# %?H ABCDE# %?H ABCD %?&& ABCD %? AB %&&&& AB %Figure ?, E1 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(, >a'a>7e' Z 8a'>a'

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,E12d7%3 AS d7 =================================== ,7m% DT% DT1 TM% TM1 ,E127m%3 AS 7m ---------- -------- -------- ------#ROM (>a)a'/ %KKH-&- %KKH& ? ? %KKH-&-% %KKH&% %%% %%% &&&%-&%-&% &&&%&%&% &&&&&& &&&&&&Figure ?K, E1 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(, da7e Z 7ime

SELECT 7m% ANSWER ,O0R27m%3 AS ' ============#ROM (>a)a' TM% RORDER B 7m%/ -------- -- &&&&&& & %%% % ? ?

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CREATE TABLE (e2iden7_8a) INTE;ER NOT N0LL ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT,>@'_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2iden7_8a)33/COMMIT/

INSERT INTO (e 6AL0ES2DE#A0LT,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP3/ ANSWERWIT 7em$ 2id8a)3 AS ======26AL0ES 2IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL2333 ID6ALSELECT * -----#ROM 7em$/ %.Figure ?H%, IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL 9@n>7i"n @(a<e

Figure ?H, INSERT 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT name ANSWER 2 "@7$@7 9ie)d( ("'7ened3 ,INSERT2name,?,,5A53 =================================== ,INSERT2name,?,,5AB53 NAME ?

,INSERT2name,?,,5ABC53 -------- ------- -------- ---------#ROM (7a99 Sande'( SaAe'( SaABe'( SaABCe'(WERE id 4 &/ Pe'na) PeAa) PeABa) PeABCa) Ma'en7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT d% ANSWER ,INTE;ER2d%3 ====================================

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WIT 7em$%2d7%3 AS ANSWER

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SELECT !d ,J0LIAN_DA2!d3 ,2%H% * 2EAR2!d3 + && + 2MONT2!d3-%3%33 +2 ?H * 2MONT2!d3- - %*22MONT2!d3-%3%333% -2 ? * 22EAR2!d3 + K&& + 2MONT2!d3-%3%3%&&33 +DA2!d3 - ?&#ROM 2SELECT !i'7da7e AS !d #ROM em$)":ee

WERE midini7 = 5R5 ANSWER 3 AS ==========================ORDER B !d/ BD ? ---------- ------- ------- %KH-&-% H? H? %K?H-&?- H H %KH-&-&K ?&%% ?&%% %K-&-% ?%& ?%&Figure ?HH, J0LIAN_DA 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

ANSWER ============================= DT DJ% DJWIT 7em$%2d7%3 AS ---------- ---------- -------26AL0ES 25%KK-&%-&%53 %KK-&%-&% %KKH-%-% %KK&&% ,25%KK-&%-&53 %KK-&%-& %KKH-%-% %KK&& ,25%KK-%-?%533 %KK-%-?% %KK-%-%H %KK?HSELECT DATE2d7%3 AS d7 ,DATE2d7%3 - % DAS AS d% ,EAR2d7%3 * %&&& + DAO#EAR2d7%3 AS d#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?H, J@)ian Da7e "@7$@7(

SELECT name ANSWER ,LCASE2name3 AS )name ========================= ,0CASE2name3 AS @name NAME LNAME 0NAME#ROM (7a99 ------- ------- -------WERE id 4 ?&/ Sande'( (ande'( SANDERS Pe'na) $e'na) PERNALFigure ?H, LCASE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT 7em$%2>%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25 ABC53 ================ ,25 ABC 53 C% C L ,25ABC 533 ----- ----- --SELECT >% ABC AB ,LE#T2>%,3 AS > ABC ABC ,LEN;T2LE#T2>%,33 AS ) ABC ABC



#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?HK, LE#T 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT LEN;T2d%3 ANSWER ,LEN;T29%3 =======================

,LEN;T2(%3 % ? ,LEN;T2>%3 --- --- --- --- --- ,LEN;T2RTRIM2>%33 H H#ROM (>a)a'/ H H Figure ?&, LEN;T 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER

26AL0ES 2%3,2%?3,2%?3 =============================== ,2%?3,2%?H33 N% L%SELECT n% ------ ----------------------- ,LO;2n%3 AS )% % +&.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E+&&&#ROM 7em$%/ %? +.%%??%E+&&& %? +.%%&%H&H??E+&&& %? +K.%&&H&%KE+&&& %?H +%.%?H&&KHHE+&&%Figure ?%, LO; 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure ?, LOCATE 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT >% ANSWER ,LOCATE25D5, >%3 ========================== ,LOCATE25D5, >%,3 C% ? ,LOCATE25E#5,>%3 ------ --- --- --- --- ,LOCATE25A5, >%,3 ABCDE# &

#ROM (>a)a'/ ABCD & & AB & & & &Figure ??, LOCATE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2%3,2%?3,2%?3 =============================== ,2%?3,2%?H33 N% L%SELECT n% ------ -----------------------



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WIT 7em$%2>%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25 ABC53 ================ ,25 ABC 53 C% C L ,25ABC 533 ----- ----- --SELECT >% ABC ABC ? ,LTRIM2>%3 AS > ABC ABC ,LEN;T2LTRIM2>%33 AS ) ABC ABC #ROM 7em$%/Figure ?, LTRIM 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT 7(% ANSWER ,MICROSECOND27(%3 ======================================#ROM (>a)a' TS% ORDER B 7(%/ -------------------------- ----------- &&&%-&%-&%-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&& & %KKH-&--?...%?H %?H %KKH-&-%-%.%.%.%%% %%%Figure ?H, MICROSECOND 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT 7(% ANSWER ,MIDNI;T_SECONDS27(%3 ====================================== ,O0R27(%3*?H&& + TS% ? MIN0TE27(%3*H& + -------------------------- ----- ----- SECOND27(%3 &&&%-&%-&%-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&& & &#ROM (>a)a' %KKH-&--?...%?H H?? H??ORDER B 7(%/ %KKH-&-%-%.%.%.%%% K% K%Figure ?, MIDNI;T_SECONDS 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

ANSWER ============== MS TM ----- --------WIT 7em$% 2m(3 AS & &&&&&&2SELECT MIDNI;T_SECONDS27(%3 K% %%% #ROM (>a)a' H?? ?3

SELECT m( ,S0BSTR2DI;ITS2m(?H&& 3,K3 || 55 || S0BSTR2DI;ITS22m(-22MS?H&&3*?H&&33H& 3,K3 || 55 || S0BSTR2DI;ITS2m(-22MSH&3*H&3 3,K3 AS 7m#ROM 7em$%ORDER B %/Figure ?, C"n8e'7 MIDNI;T_SECONDS "@7$@7 !a> 7" a 7ime 8a)@e

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WIT 7em$%2n%,n3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2-?%,+%%3 ======================= 0NION ALL N% N DI6 MD% MD SELECT n% + %? --- --- --- --- --- ,n - -?% %% - -K -K #ROM 7em$% -% - - - WERE n% 4 H& - ? -% - -3 -% - & &SELECT n% % - - % % ,n ? -K -?

,n%n AS di8 -%? -? ,n%-22n%n3*n3 AS md% H& -% -? K K ,MOD2n%,n3 AS md#ROM 7em$%ORDER B %/Figure ?&, MOD 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT d7% ANSWER

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WIT 7em$% 2n%,n3 AS26AL0ES 2DECIMAL2%?,%&3 ANSWER ,DECIMAL2%?,%&333 ========SELECT n% %?. ,n %?. ,n% * n AS $% %H. ,*2n%,n3 AS $ %H. ,M0LTIPL_ALT2n%,n3 AS $? %H.#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?, M@)7i$):in< n@m!e'( - eam$)e(

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SELECT (% ANSWER ,N0LLI#2(%,&3 ===================== ,>% S% C% ,N0LLI#2>%,5AB53 --- --- ------ ------#ROM (>a)a' - - ABCDE# ABCDE#

WERE N0LLI#2&,&3 IS N0LL/ & - ABCD ABCD % % AB -Figure ?, N0LLI# 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT PARTITION2id3 AS $$ ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ======WERE id = %&/ PP --

&SELECT >% ANSWER ,POSSTR2>%,5 53 AS $% ================== ,POSSTR2>%,5CD53 AS $ C% P% P P? ,POSSTR2>%,5>d53 AS $? ------ -- -- --#ROM (>a)a' AB ? & &ORDER B %/ ABCD ? & ABCDE# & ? &Figure ?, POSSTR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(



SELECT >% ANSWER ,POSSTR2>%,5 53 AS $% =========================== ,LOCATE25 5,>%3 AS )% C% P% L% P L P? L? L ,POSSTR2>%,5CD53 AS $ ------ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,LOCATE25CD5,>%3 AS ) AB ? ? & & & & & ,POSSTR2>%,5>d53 AS $? ABCD ? ? & & ,LOCATE25>d5,>%3 AS )? ABCDE# & & ? ? & & ,LOCATE25D5,>%,3 AS )

#ROM (>a)a'ORDER B %/Figure ?H, POSSTR 8(. LOCATE 9@n>7i"n(

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2%3,2%&3,2%&&33 ===============================SELECT n% N% P% P P? ,POWER2n%,%3 AS $% ------- ------- ------- -------

,POWER2n%,3 AS $ % % % % ,POWER2n%,?3 AS $? %& %& %&& %&&&#ROM 7em$%/ %&& %&& %&&&& %&&&&&&Figure ?, POWER 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure ?, RAISE_ERROR 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT (% ANSWER ,CASE ============== WEN (% 4 % TEN (% S% S ELSE RAISE_ERROR25&&&%5,>%3 ------ ------ END AS ( - -#ROM (>a)a'/ & & SLSTATE=&&&%Figure ?K, RAISE_ERROR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT 7em$ 2n@m, 'an3 AS26AL0ES 2INT2%3 ,RAND233 0NION ALL SELECT n@m + % ,RAND23 #ROM 7em$ WERE n@m 4 %&&&&& ANSWER3 =============

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( == %&&&&& ,CO0NT2DISTINCT 'an3 AS 8a)@e( == ?% ,DEC2A6;2'an3,,H3 AS a8<_'an == &.KK? ,DEC2STDDE62'an3,,H3 AS (7d_de8 &.&H ,DEC2MIN2'an3,,H3 AS min_'an &.&&&&&& ,DEC2MA12'an3,,H3 AS ma_'an %.&&&&&& ,DEC2MA12'an3,,H3 - DEC2MIN2'an3,,H3 AS 'an<e %.&&&&&& ,DEC26AR2'an3,,H3 AS 8a'ian>e &.&??%#ROM 7em$/

Figure ?K&, Sam$)e "@7$@7 9'"m RAND 9@n>7i"n

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SELECT de$7n" AS dn" ANSWER ,RAND23 AS 'an ===========================#ROM de$a'7men7 DNO RAN

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WIT Tem$% 2>")%, >"), >")?3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2& ===================

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0NION ALL ?&&&& %KHK KKK SELECT >")% + % ,RAND23 ,RAND23 +2RAND23%E3 #ROM 7em$% WERE >")% + % 4 ?&&&&3SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >")% ,CO0NT2DISTINCT 'an%3 AS 'an% ,CO0NT2DISTINCT 'an3 AS 'an#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?K, 0(e RAND 7" mae man: di(7in>7 'and"m 8a)@e(

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ============#ROM (7a99 ID NAMEWERE RAND23 4 &.% --- --------ORDER B id/ %& #'a:e %K& Sneide' K& @i))Figure ?K, Rand"m): (e)e>7 %&F "9 ma7>in< '"G(

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ============#ROM 2SELECT (.* ID NAME ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B RAND233 AS ' --- -------- #ROM (7a99 ( %& Sande'( 3AS ?& Ma'en<iWERE ' 4= %K& Sneide'ORDER B id/ & Lea

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0PDATE (7a99SET (a)a': = RAND23*%&&&&WERE id 4 &/Figure ?K, 0(e RAND 7" a((i<n 'and"m (a)a'ie(

ANSWERS ================================SELECT n% AS de> = %?HK&.%?HK&%?HK&% ,DO0BLE2n%3 AS d!) = %.?HK&%?He+&&K ,REAL2n%3 AS 'e) = %.?He+&&K

,INTE;ER2n%3 AS in7 = %?HK& ,BI;INT2n%3 AS !i< = %?HK&#ROM 2SELECT %?HK&.%?HK&%?HK&% AS n% #ROM (7a99 WERE id = %&3 AS /Figure ?K, REAL and "7e' n@me'i> 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

Figure ?KK, REPEAT 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT id ANSWER ,CAR2REPEAT2name,?3,&3 ===========================#ROM (7a99 ID WERE id 4 & -- ------------------------ORDER B id/ %& Sande'(Sande'(Sande'( & Pe'na)Pe'na)Pe'na) ?& Ma'en<iMa'en<iMa'en<iFigure &&, REPEAT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure &%, REPLACE 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT >% ANSWER ,REPLACE2>%,5AB5,5153 AS '% ====================== ,REPLACE2>%,5BA5,5153 AS ' C% R% R#ROM (>a)a'/ ------ ------ ------ ABCDE# 1CDE# ABCDE# ABCD 1CD ABCD AB 1 ABFigure &, REPLACE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(



SELECT >% ANSWER ,REPLACE2REPLACE2 ============== REPLACE2REPLACE2>%, C% R% 5AB5,5153,5a!5,5153, ------ ------ 5A!5,5153,5aB5,5153 ABCDE# 1CDE##ROM (>a)a'/ ABCD 1CD AB 1Figure &?, Ne(7ed REPLACE 9@n>7i"n(

WIT 7em$%2>%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25 ABC53 ================ ,25 ABC 53 C% C L ,25ABC 533 ----- ----- --SELECT >% ABC ABC ,RI;T2>%,3 AS > ABC ABC ,LEN;T2RI;T2>%,33 a( ) ABC BC #ROM 7em$%/

Figure &, RI;T 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

ANSWER =============================================== D% P P% P& N% N ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------WIT 7em$%2d%3 AS %?.&& %?.&& %?.&& %?.&&& %&.&&& %&&.&&&26AL0ES 2%?.&&3 ?.& ?.& ?.&& ?.&&& &.&&& &.&&& ,2 ?.&3 ?.H ?.H& ?.&& ?.&&& &.&&& &.&&&

,2 ?.H3 &.&H &.&H& &.%&& &.&&& &.&&& &.&&& ,2 .&H33SELECT d% ,DEC2RO0ND2d%,+3,H,?3 AS $ ,DEC2RO0ND2d%,+%3,H,?3 AS $% ,DEC2RO0ND2d%,+&3,H,?3 AS $& ,DEC2RO0ND2d%,-%3,H,?3 AS n% ,DEC2RO0ND2d%,-3,H,?3 AS n#ROM 7em$%/Figure &, RO0ND 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT >% ANSWER ,RTRIM2>%3 AS '% ====================== ,LEN;T2>%3 AS ' C% R% R R? ,LEN;T2RTRIM2>%33 AS '? ------ ------ -- --#ROM (>a)a'/ ABCDE# ABCDE# H H ABCD ABCD H AB AB H Figure &H, RTRIM 9@n>7i"n eam$)e



SELECT d% ANSWER 29)"a7 "@7$@7 ("'7ened3 ,SI;N2d%3 ========================================= ,9% D% #% ,SI;N29%3 ----- ---------- ---------- ----------#ROM (>a)a'/ -. -%.&&&E+& -.&&E+& -%.&&&E+& &.& +&.&&&E+& +&.&&&E+& +&.&&&E+&

%. +%.&&&E+& +%.&&E+& +%.&&&E+&Figure &, SI;N 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2&3 ======================= 0NION ALL N% RAN SIN TAN SELECT n% + %& -- ----- ----- ----- #ROM 7em$% & &.&&& &.&&& &.&&&

WERE n% 4 &3 %& &.% &.%? &.%HSELECT n% & &.?K &.? &.?H? ,DEC2RADIANS2n%3,,?3 AS 'an ?& &.? &.&& &. ,DEC2SIN2RADIANS2n%33,,?3 AS (in & &.HK &.H &.?K ,DEC2TAN2RADIANS2n%33,,?3 AS 7an & &. &.HH %.%K%#ROM 7em$%/ H& %.& &.HH %.? & %.% &.K?K . & %.?KH &.K .H%Figure &, SIN 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT d% ANSWER ,SMALLINT2d%3 ================================== ,SMALLINT25+%?53 D% ? ,SMALLINT25-%?53 ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ ,SMALLINT25 %? 53 -. - %? -%? %?#ROM (>a)a'/ &.& & %? -%? %? %. % %? -%? %?Figure &K, SMALLINT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT a.name AS n% ANSWER ,SO0NDE12a.name3 AS (% ============================== ,!.name AS n N% S% N S D# ,SO0NDE12!.name3 AS ( ------- ---- --------- ---- -- ,DI##ERENCE Sande'( S?H Sneide' S?H 2a.name,!.name3 AS d9 Sande'( S?H Smi7 S?& ?#ROM (7a99 a Sande'( S?H L@nd@i(7 L? ,(7a99 ! Sande'( S?H Danie)( D %WERE a.id = %& Sande'( S?H M")ina'e MH % AND !.id %& Sande'( S?H S>"@77en S?& % AND !.id 4 & Sande'( S?H A!'aam( A%H &



ORDER B d9 DESC Sande'( S?H e'mi(> H & ,n ASC/ Sande'( S?H L@ L&&& &Figure %&, SO0NDE1 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER

26AL0ES 2%3,23,2?33 ==================SELECT n% N% S% S S? ,SPACE2n%3 AS (% -- ---- -- ---- ,LEN;T2SPACE2n%33 AS ( % % 1 ,SPACE2n%3 || 515 AS (? 1#ROM 7em$%/ ? ? 1Figure %%, SPACE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

DB ;ET SNAPSOT #OR DNAMIC SL ON SAMPLE WRITE TO #ILE

ANSWER - PART O# 2ONE O# TE STATEMENTS IN TE SL CACE3 ============================================================= N@m!e' "9 ee>@7i"n( = N@m!e' "9 >"m$i)a7i"n( = % W"'(7 $'e$a'a7i"n 7ime 2m(3 = ? Be(7 $'e$a'a7i"n 7ime 2m(3 = ? R"G( de)e7ed = N"7 C"))e>7ed R"G( in(e'7ed = N"7 C"))e>7ed R"G( 'ead = N"7 C"))e>7ed R"G( @$da7ed = N"7 C"))e>7ed R"G( G'i77en = N"7 C"))e>7ed

S7a7emen7 ("'7( = N"7 C"))e>7ed T"7a) ee>@7i"n 7ime 2(e>.m(3 = N"7 C"))e>7ed T"7a) @(e' >$@ 7ime 2(e>.m(3 = N"7 C"))e>7ed T"7a) (:(7em >$@ 7ime 2(e>.m(3 = N"7 C"))e>7ed S7a7emen7 7e7 = (e)e>7 min2de$73 9'"m (7a99Figure %, ;ET SNAPSOT >"mmand

SELECT *

#ROM TABLE2SLCACE_SNAPSOT233 SSWERE SS.N0M_E1EC0TIONS 4 &/Figure %?, SLCACE_SNAPSOT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT ORDINAL AS COLNO ,CAR2PARMNAME,%3 AS COLNAME ,TPENAME AS COLTPE ,LEN;T

,SCALE#ROM SSCAT.#0NCPARMSWERE #0NCSCEMA = 5SS#0N5 AND #0NCNAME = 5SLCACE_SNAPSOT5ORDER B COLNO/Figure %, Li(7 >")@mn( 'e7@'ned !: SLCACE_SNAPSOT

WIT 7em$%2n%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2&.3,2&.&3 ============ ,2%.&3,2.&33 N% S%SELECT DEC2n%,,?3 AS n% ----- ----- ,DEC2SRT2n%3,,?3 AS (% &.&& &.&#ROM 7em$%/ &.&&& &.&&& %.&&& %.&&& .&&& %.%Figure %, SRT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure %H, S0BSTR 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

WIT 7em$% 2)en, da7%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2 H,5%?HK53 ========================= ,2 ,5%?5 3 LEN DAT% LDAT S0BDAT

,2 %H,5%?5 3 --- --------- ---- ------3 H %?HK K %?HSELECT )en %? %? ,da7%

,LEN;T2da7%3 AS )da7 ,S0BSTR2da7%,%,)en3 AS (@!da7#ROM 7em$%/Figure %, S0BSTR 9@n>7i"n - e''"' !e>a@(e )en<7 $a'm 7"" )"n<

WIT 7em$% 2)en, da7%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2 H,5%?HK53 ========================= ,2 ,5%?5 3 LEN DAT% LDAT S0BDAT ,2 %H,5%?5 3 --- --------- ---- ------3 H %?HK K %?HSELECT )en %? %? ,da7% %H %? ? %? ,LEN;T2da7%3 AS )da7 ,S0BSTR2da7%,%,CASE WEN )en 4 LEN;T2da7%3 TEN )en ELSE LEN;T2da7%3 END 3 AS (@!da7

#ROM 7em$%/Figure %, S0BSTR 9@n>7i"n - a8"id e''"' @(in< CASE 2(ee $'e8i"@(3

SELECT name ANSWER ,LEN;T2name3 AS )en ===========================

,S0BSTR2name,3 AS (% NAME LEN S% L% S L ,LEN;T2S0BSTR2name,33 AS )% -------- --- ---- -- --- -- ,S0BSTR2name,,?3 AS ( Sande'( e'( ? e'( ? ,LEN;T2S0BSTR2name,,?33 AS ) Pe'na) H a) a) ?#ROM (7a99 Ma'en7i"n - 9ied )en<7 "@7$@7 i9 7i'd $a'm. @(ed

SELECT a.id ANSWER ,a.de$7 ========================= ,a.(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR DEPTSAL ,!.de$7(a) -- ---- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 a %& & %?.& HH.%& ,TABLE & & %%%. HH.%& 2SELECT !.de$7 ?& ? %&H. . ,S0M2!.(a)a':3 AS de$7(a) #ROM (7a99 ! WERE !.de$7 = a.de$7 ;RO0P B !.de$7 3AS !WERE a.id 4 &

ORDER B a.id/Figure &, #@))-(e)e>7 Gi7 e7e'na) 7a!)e 'e9e'en>e

CREATE ALIAS em$% #OR em$)":ee/ ANSWERCREATE ALIAS em$ #OR em$%/ ======================= TABSCEMA TABNAME CARDSELECT 7a!(>ema --------- -------- ---- ,7a!name <'aeme em$)":ee -%

,>a'd#ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e(WERE 7a!name = TABLE_NAME25em$5,5<'aeme53/Figure %, TABLE_NAME 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

CREATE 6IEW 9'ed% 2>%, >, >?3 ANSWERAS 6AL0ES 2%%, 5AAA5, 5BBB53/ =========================== TAB_SC TAB_NME

CREATE ALIAS 9'ed #OR 9'ed%/ -------- ------------------CREATE ALIAS 9'ed? #OR 9'ed/ <'aeme 9'ed% <'aeme DROP 6IEW 9'ed%/ WIT 7em$% 27a!_(>, 7a!_nme3 AS26AL0ES 2TABLE_SCEMA259'ed?5,5<'aeme53,TABLE_NAME259'ed?533, 2TABLE_SCEMA2553 ,TABLE_NAME255,55333SELECT *#ROM 7em$%/

Figure , TABLE_SCEMA and TABLE_NAME 9@n>7i"n( eam$)e

SELECT TIMESTAMP25%KK-&%-%%-...&&&&&&53 ,TIMESTAMP25%KK-&%-%%-...&&&53 ,TIMESTAMP25%KK-&%-%%-..53 ,TIMESTAMP25%KK&%%%53 ,TIMESTAMP25%KK-&%-%%5,5..53#ROM (7a99

WERE id = %&/Figure ?, TIMESTAMP 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$% 27(%3 AS26AL0ES 25%KKK-%-?% ?KK53 ,25&&-%&-?& %%??533SELECT 7(% ,TIMESTAMP_#ORMAT27(%,5-MM-DD MISS53 AS 7(

#ROM 7em$%ORDER B 7(%/ ANSWER =============================================== TS% TS ------------------- -------------------------- %KKK-%-?% ?KK %KKK-%-?%-?.K.K.&&&&&& &&-%&-?& %%?? &&-%&-?&-%%..??.&&&&&&Figure , TIMESTAMP_#ORMAT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT 7m% ANSWER ,TIMESTAMP_ISO27m%3 ===================================#ROM (>a)a'/ TM% -------- -------------------------- ? &&&-&K-&%-?...&&&&&& %%% &&&-&K-&%-%.%.%.&&&&&& &&&&&& &&&-&K-&%-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&&Figure , TIMESTAMP_ISO 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT7em$% 27(%,7(3 AS 26AL0ES 25%KKH-&?-&%-&&.&&.&%5,5%KK-&?-&%-&&.&&.&&53 ,25%KKH-&?-&%-&&.&&.&&5,5%KK-&?-&%-&&.&&.&%533,7em$ 27(%,7(3 AS 2SELECT TIMESTAMP27(%3 ,TIMESTAMP27(3 #ROM 7em$%3,

7em$? 27(%,7(,d93 AS 2SELECT 7(% ,7( ,CAR2TS% - TS3 AS d9 ANSWER #ROM 7em$3 =============================SELECT d9 D# DI# DS ,TIMESTAMPDI##2%H,d93 AS di9 --------------------- --- --- ,DAS27(%3 - DAS27(3 AS d:( &&&%&&&&&&&&&%.&&&&&& ?H ?HH#ROM 7em$?/ &&&&%%?&?KK.&&&&&& ?H& ?HHFigure H, TIMESTAMPDI## 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

CREATE #0NCTION 7(_di99_G"'(2in_i TIMESTAMP,in_)" TIMESTAMP3RET0RNS BI;INTRET0RN 2BI;INT2DAS2in_i33 * H&&&&&&&& + BI;INT2MIDNI;T_SECONDS2in_i33 * %&&&&&& + BI;INT2MICROSECOND2in_i333 -2BI;INT2DAS2in_)"33 * H&&&&&&&& + BI;INT2MIDNI;T_SECONDS2in_)"33 * %&&&&&& + BI;INT2MICROSECOND2in_)"333/Figure , #@n>7i"n 7" <e7 di99e'en>e !e7Geen 7G" 7ime(7am$(

Figure , TRANSLATE 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

ANS. NOTES ==== =================

SELECT 5a!>d5 == a!>d N" >an<e ,TRANSLATE25a!>d53 == ABCD Mae @$$e' >a(e ,TRANSLATE25a!>d5,55,5a53 == !>d 5a5=5 5 ,TRANSLATE25a!>d5,5A5,5A53 a!>d 5A5=5A5 ,TRANSLATE25a!>d5,5A5,5a53 A!>d 5a5=5A5 ,TRANSLATE25a!>d5,5A5,5a!53 A >d 5a5=5A5,5!5=5 5 ,TRANSLATE25a!>d5,5A5,5a!5,5 53 A >d 5a5=5A5,5!5=5 5 ,TRANSLATE25a!>d5,5A5,5a!5,5Q53 AQ>d 5a5=5A5,5!5=5Q5 ,TRANSLATE25a!>d5,5AB5,5a53 A!>d 5a5=5A5#ROM (7a99WERE id = %&/Figure K, TRANSLATE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

ANSWER ======SELECT >% == ABCD ,REPLACE2>%,5AB5,5153 == 1CD ,REPLACE2>%,5BA5,5153 == ABCD

,TRANSLATE2>%,515,5AB53 1CD ,TRANSLATE2>%,515,5BA53 1CD#ROM (>a)a'WERE >% = 5ABCD5/Figure ?&, REPLACE 8(. TRANSLATE

ANSWER ===============================================

D% POS POS% ERO NE;% NE; ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------WIT 7em$%2d%3 AS %?.&& %?.&& %?.&& %?.&&& %&.&&& %&&.&&&26AL0ES 2%?.&&3 ?.& ?.& ?.&& ?.&&& &.&&& &.&&& ,2 ?.&3 ?.H ?.& ?.&& ?.&&& &.&&& &.&&& ,2 ?.H3 &.&H &.&& &.&&& &.&&& &.&&& &.&&& ,2 .&H33SELECT d% ,DEC2TR0NC2d%,+3,H,?3 AS $"( ,DEC2TR0NC2d%,+%3,H,?3 AS $"(% ,DEC2TR0NC2d%,+&3,H,?3 AS Qe'" ,DEC2TR0NC2d%,-%3,H,?3 AS ne<% ,DEC2TR0NC2d%,-3,H,?3 AS ne<#ROM 7em$%

ORDER B % DESC/Figure ?%, TR0NCATE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT name ANSWER ,LCASE2name3 AS )name ========================= ,0CASE2name3 AS @name NAME LNAME 0NAME#ROM (7a99 ------- ------- -------WERE id 4 ?&/ Sande'( (ande'( SANDERS

Pe'na) $e'na) PERNALFigure ?, 0CASE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT >% ANSWER ,LEN;T2>%3 AS )% ======================== ,6ARCAR2>%3 AS 8 C% L% 6 L 6? ,LEN;T26ARCAR2>%33 AS ) ------ -- ------ -- ---- ,6ARCAR2>%,3 AS 8? ABCDE# H ABCDE# H ABCD



#ROM (>a)a'/ ABCD H ABCD H ABCD AB H AB H ABFigure ??, 6ARCAR 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT 7em$% 27(%3 AS

26AL0ES 2TIMESTAMP25%KKK-%-?%-?.K.K533 ,2TIMESTAMP25&&-%&-?&-%%..??5333SELECT 7(% ,6ARCAR_#ORMAT27(%,5-MM-DD MISS53 AS 7(#ROM 7em$%ORDER B 7(%/ ANSWER ============================================== TS% TS -------------------------- ------------------- %KKK-%-?%-?.K.K.&&&&&& %KKK-%-?% ?KK &&-%&-?&-%%..??.&&&&&& &&-%&-?& %%??Figure ?, 6ARCAR_#ORMAT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT WEE2DATE25&&&-&%-&%533 AS G% ANSWER ,WEE2DATE25&&&-&%-&533 AS G ================== ,WEE2DATE25&&%-&%-&533 AS G? W% W W? W W ,WEE2DATE25&&&-%-?%533 AS G -- -- -- -- -- ,WEE2DATE25&&-%-?%533 AS G % % ?#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/Figure ?, WEE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

WIT ANSWER7em$% 2n3 AS ========================== 26AL0ES 2&3 DTE D W D WI DI 0NION ALL ---------- --- -- -- -- -- SELECT n+% %KK-%- S@n ? % #ROM 7em$% %KK-%- M"n ? ? % WERE n 4 %&3, %KK-%-K T@e ? ? ? 7em$ 2d73 AS %KK-%-?& Wed ? ? ?

2SELECT DATE25%KK-%-53 + :.n EARS %KK-%-?% T@ ? ? + d.n DAS %KKK-&%-&% #'i % H ? #ROM 7em$% : %KKK-&%-& Sa7 % ? H ,7em$% d %KKK-&%-&? S@n % ? WERE :.n IN 2&,33 %KKK-&%-& M"n % %SELECT CAR2d7,ISO3 d7e %KKK-&%-& T@e ? % ,S0BSTR2DANAME2d73,%,?3 d: %KKK-&%-&H Wed % ? ,WEE2d73 G &&&-%- Wed ? ? ,DAO#WEE2d73 d: &&&-%- T@ ? ,WEE_ISO2d73 Gi &&&-%-K #'i ? H ,DAO#WEE_ISO2d73 di &&&-%-?& Sa7 ? H#ROM 7em$ &&&-%-?% S@n % ORDER B %/ &&%-&%-&% M"n % % %

&&%-&%-& T@e % ? % &&%-&%-&? Wed % % ? &&%-&%-& T@ % % &&%-&%-& #'i % H % &&%-&%-&H Sa7 % % HFigure ?H, WEE_ISO 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT d7% ANSWER ,EAR2d7%3 AS :' ====================== ,WEE2d7%3 AS G DT% R W#ROM (>a)a'/ ---------- ---- ---- %KKH-&- %KKH % %KKH-&-% %KKH ?? &&&%-&%-&% % %Figure ?, EAR and WEE 9@n>7i"n( eam$)e

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ============================= ,+2(a)a':3 AS ( ID SALAR S S? ,+2(a)a':,id3 AS (? -- -------- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 %& %?.& %?.& %?H.&WERE id 4 & & %%%. %%%. %%K%.ORDER B id/ ?& %&H. %&H. %?H.Figure ?, PL0S 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT em$n" ,CAR2!i'7da7e,ISO3 AS !da7e% ,CAR2!i'7da7e + % EAR,ISO3 AS !da7e ,CAR2+2!i'7da7e,DEC2&&&%&&&&,33,ISO3 AS !da7e? ,CAR2+2!i'7da7e,DO0BLE2%3,SMALLINT2%33,ISO3 AS !da7e#ROM em$)":eeWERE em$n" 4 5&&&&&5ORDER B em$n"/ ANSWER ================================================== EMPNO BDATE% BDATE BDATE? BDATE

------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- &&&&%& %K??-&- %K?-&- %K?-&- %K?-&- &&&&& %K-&-& %KK-&-& %KK-&-& %KK-&-& &&&&?& %K%-&-%% %K-&-%% %K-&-%% %K-&-%%Figure ?K, Addin< "ne :ea' 7" da7e 8a)@e

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ==============================

,-2(a)a':3 AS ( ID SALAR S S? ,-2(a)a':,id3 AS (? -- -------- --------- --------#ROM (7a99 %& %?.& -%?.& %?.&WERE id 4 & & %%%. -%%%. %%%.ORDER B id/ ?& %&H. -%&H. %H.Figure &, MIN0S 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': =============================== ,(a)a': * id AS ( ID SALAR S S? ,*2(a)a':,id3 AS (? -- -------- --------- ---------#ROM (7a99 %& %?.& %?.&& %?.&&WERE id 4 & & %%%. ?H?.&& ?H?.&&ORDER B id/ ?& %&H. &.& &.&Figure %, M0LTIPL 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ============================= ,(a)a': id AS ( ID SALAR S S? ,2(a)a':,id3 AS (? -- -------- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 %& %?.& %?.& %?.&WERE id 4 & & %%%. K&.H K&.HORDER B id/ ?& %&H. ?. ?.Figure , DI6IDE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT id ANSWER ,name || 55 AS n% =========================== ,name CONCAT 55 AS n ID N% N N? N ,||2name,553 A( n? --- ----- ----- ----- ----- ,CONCAT2name,553 A( n %%& N<an N<an N<an N<an#ROM (7a99 %& L@ L@ L@ L@WERE LEN;T2name3 4 & Lea Lea Lea LeaORDER B id/Figure ?, CONCAT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,name ==================== ,>"mm DEPT NAME COMM#ROM (7a99 ---- ------- -------WERE de$7 4 ?& % ane( - AND id 4 %&& % R"7man %%.&&ORDER B de$7 & Jame( %.& ,name/ & Pe'na) H%.



& Sande'( -Figure , Sam$)e @e': - 'e7@'n( 'aG da7a

%ane(%R"7man&%%.&&

&Jame(&&%.&&Pe'na)&&H%.&Sande'(Figure , 1ML 8e'(i"n "9 a!"8e da7a

%%&%%.&&&&&%.&

&&&H%.&Figure H, Made name an a77'i!@7e "9 em$)":ee

Figure , 1MLSERIALIE 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT id ANSWER ,1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT ================== 1MLELEMENT2NAME De$7, de$73 ID 1MLDATA AS CAR2?&33 AS m)da7a -- ---------------#ROM (7a99 & &WERE id BETWEEN & AND ?& ?& ?ORDER B id/Figure , 1MLSERIALIE 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure K, 1MLCLOB 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

Figure &, 1MLA;; 9@n>7i"n (:n7a



SELECT de$7 AS d$ ,1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLA;;2 1MLELEMENT2NAME Nm, name3 ORDER B id3 AS CAR2&33 AS m)da7a ANSWER

#ROM (7a99 ==================================WERE de$7 4 ?& DP 1MLDATA AND id 4 & -- -------------------------------;RO0P B de$7 % ane(R"7manORDER B de$7/ & Sande'(Pe'na)Figure %, 1MLA;; 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT

1MLA;;2 1MLELEMENT2NAME Nm, name3 ORDER B name3 AS CAR2&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& AND id 4 &/ 1MLDATA ------------------------------------------------------------ ane(Pe'na)R"7manSande'(Figure , 1MLA;; 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure ?, 1MLCONCAT 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT id ,1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLCONCAT2

1MLELEMENT2NAME d$, de$73 ,1MLELEMENT2NAME nm, name3 3 AS CAR2&33 AS m)da7a ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ==============================WERE de$7 4 ?& ID 1MLDATA AND id 4 & -- ---------------------------ORDER B id/ %& &Sande'( & &Pe'na) & %ane(Figure , 1MLCONCAT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e



Figure , 1MLELEMENT 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME (7a99 ,1MLELEMENT2NAME nm, name3 ,1MLELEMENT2NAME (>, (a)a':, 5+5, >"mm3 3 AS CAR2K&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& AND id 4 H&ORDER B id/ ANSWER ========================================================

Sande'(%?.&+ Pe'na)%%%.+&&H%.Figure H, 1MLELEMENT 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure , 1MLATTRIB0TES 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, 1MLATTRIB0TES2name AS Nm, de$73 3 AS 6ARCAR2%&&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99 ANSWERWERE de$7 4 ?& ================================== AND id 4 H&ORDER B de$7

,name/Figure , 1MLATTRIB0TES 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure K, 1ML#OREST 9@n>7i"n (:n7a



SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1ML#OREST2name AS Nm, de$7 AS d$, >"mm3 AS 6ARCAR2%&&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99WERE id IN 2%&,&3ORDER B id DESC/ ANSWER =============================================== Pe'na)&&&H%. Sande'(&Figure H&, 1ML#OREST 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure H%, 1MLNAMESPACES 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1ML#OREST2 1MLNAMESPACES2DE#A0LT 577$7%.>"m5 , 577$7.>"m5 AS 7 , 577$7?.>"m5 AS 7?3 ,name AS nm, (a)a': AS (a)3 AS 6ARCAR2?&&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99WERE id = &/ ANSWER 2)ine !'ea(inden7a7i"n added3 =========================================== Pe'na) %%%.Figure H, 1MLNAMESPACES 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,name ==================== ,>"mm DEPT NAME COMM#ROM (7a99 ---- ------- -------WERE de$7 4 ?& % ane( - AND id 4 %&& % R"7man %%.&&ORDER B de$7 & Jame( %.&

,name/ & Pe'na) H%. & Sande'( -Figure H?, Sam$)e @e': - 'e7@'n( 'aG da7a

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, 1MLELEMENT2NAME De$7, de$73, 1MLELEMENT2NAME Name, name3,



1MLELEMENT2NAME C"mm, >"mm3 3 AS 6ARCAR2%&&33#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& AND id 4 %&&ORDER B de$7 ,name/ ANSWER ===================================================================

%ane( %R"7man&%%.&& &Jame(&&%.& &Pe'na)&&H%. &Sande'(Figure H, Sam$)e @e': - 'e7@'n( 1ML da7a


1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, 1MLATTRIB0TES2name AS Name3, 1MLELEMENT2NAME De$7, de$73, 1MLELEMENT2NAME C"mm, >"mm3 3 AS 6ARCAR2%&&33#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& AND id 4 %&&ORDER B de$7 ,name/ ANSWER ============================================================== %

%&%%.&& &&&%.& &&&H%. &Figure H, Sam$)e @e': - 'e7@'n( 1ML da7a + a77'i!@7e

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME Da7a,

1MLELEMENT2NAME C'%, CAR 2>%,?33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME C', CAR 2>%,33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME 6C', 6ARCAR2>%,33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME De>%, DECIMAL2n%,,33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME De>, DECIMAL2n,K,%33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME #)7%, #LOAT 2n33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME In7%, INTE;ER2n%33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME In7, INTE;ER2n33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME Time, TIME 27%33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME Da7e, DATE 27%33, 1MLELEMENT2NAME T( , TIMESTAMP27%33 3 AS 6ARCAR2?&&33 AS m)da7a

#ROM 2SELECT 5ABC5 AS >% ,%?.H AS n% ,%?H AS n ,TIMESTAMP25&&-&K-%-.??..%?H53 AS 7% #ROM (7a99 WERE id = %& 3AS / ANSWER 2)ine-!'ea(inden7a7i"n added3 ======================================

ABC ABC

ABC &%?.H &%?H.& %.?HEH %? %?H ?? &&-&K-% &&-&K-%T??.%?H Figure HH, 1MLELEMENT "@7$@7 eam$)e(

ANSWERWIT 7em$% 2inda7a3 AS ===========================26AL0ES 25477 ,2577533 77 77SELECT inda7a Z77 Z77 ,1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 77 77 1MLELEMENT2NAME O@7, inda7a33 AS CAR2&33 AS "@7da7a

#ROM 7em$%/Figure H, C"n8e'7 1ML in$@7 (7'in<(

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, de$7, name, >"mm3 AS CAR2&33 AS "@7da7a#ROM (7a99 ANSWERWERE de$7 4 ?& ===========================

AND id 4 %&& %ane(ORDER B de$7 %R"7man&%%.&&&Jame(&&%.& &Pe'na)&&H%. &Sande'(Figure H, C"n>a7ena7i"n d"ne in 1ML 9@n>7i"n

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, CAR2de$73 || name || CAR2>"mm33



AS CAR2&33 AS "@7da7a#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& ANSWER AND id 4 %&& =================================ORDER B de$7

,name/ % R"7man&%%.&&& Jame(&&%.&& Pe'na)&&H%.

Figure HK, C"n>a7ena7i"n d"ne !e9"'e 1ML 9@n>7i"n

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, 1MLATTRIB0TES2name3, de$7, >"mm3 3 AS CAR2%&&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& ANSWER

AND id 4 %&& ====================================ORDER B de$7 % ,name/ %&%%.&& &&&%.& &&&H%. &Figure &, One e)emen7, "ne a77'i!@7e, 7G" da7a-i7em(


1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, 1MLATTRIB0TES2name, de$7, >"mm3 3 AS 6ARCAR2%&&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& AND id 4 %&&ORDER B de$7 ANSWER ,name/ ====================================================

Figure %, One e)emen7, 7'ee a77'i!@7e(, n" da7a-i7em(

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, 1MLATTRIB0TES2name AS Nm, de$7 AS D$7, >"mm3 3 AS 6ARCAR2%&&33 AS m)da7a

#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& ANSWER AND id 4 %&& =================================================ORDER B de$7

,name/

Figure , A((i<n name( 7" a77'i!@7e(

SELECT 1MLSERIALIE2CONTENT 1MLELEMENT2NAME D$7, 1MLATTRIB0TES2de$73, 1MLA;;2 1MLELEMENT2NAME Em$, 1MLELEMENT2NAME Nm, name3, 1MLELEMENT2NAME Cm, >"mm33 ORDER B id3

3 AS 6ARCAR2?&&33 AS m)da7a#ROM (7a99WERE de$7 4 ?& AND id 4 %&&;RO0P B de$7/ ANSWER 2)ine-!'ea(inden7a7i"n added3 ===============================================

ane( R"7man&%%.&&

Sande'( Pe'na)&&H%.

Jame(&&%.& Figure ?, 1MLA;; 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

Figure , REC1ML 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

WIT 7em$% 2inda7a3 AS26AL0ES 25477 77 77 Z77 Z77 77 77 577 Za$"(/77Figure , REC1ML 9@n>7i"n >a'a>7e' >"n8e'(i"n

WIT 7em$% 2inda7a3 AS26AL0ES 25477 77 77 Z77 Z77 77 77 577 577Figure H, REC1ML 9@n>7i"n Gi7"@7 >a'a>7e' >"n8e'(i"n

SELECT REC1ML2%.&, 5COLATT6AL5, 5'"G5, de$7, name, >"mm3 AS 77#ROM (7a99WERE id BETWEEN ?& AND &ORDER B de$7 ,name/ ANSWER 2)ine-!'ea(inden7a7i"n added3 ============================================

? Ma'en7i"n eam$)e

Figure , S"@'>ed 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

CREATE #0NCTION di<i_in7 2SMALLINT3RET0RNS CAR23SO0RCE SSIBM.DI;ITS2SMALLINT3/Figure K, C'ea7e ("@'>ed 9@n>7i"n

SELECT id AS ID ANSWER ,DI;ITS2id3 AS I ============== ,di<i_in72id3 AS I? ID I I?#ROM (7a99 -- ----- -----WERE id 4 & %& &&&%& &&&%&ORDER B id/ & &&&& &&&& ?& &&&?& &&&?&

Figure &, 0(in< ("@'>ed 9@n>7i"n - G"'(

SELECT id ANSWER ,di<i_in72INT2id33 =======#ROM (7a99

WERE id 4 &/Figure %, 0(in< ("@'>ed 9@n>7i"n - 9ai)(

CREATE DISTINCT TPE @(_d"))a'( AS DEC2,3 WIT COMPARISONS/ CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'(2ID SMALLINT NOT N0LL,!a)an>e @(_d"))a'( NOT N0LL3/

ANSWERINSERT INTO >@(7"me'( 6AL0ES 2% ,%%%.%%3,2 ,.3/ ========== ID !a)an>eSELECT * -- -------#ROM >@(7"me'( % %%%.%%ORDER B ID/ .Figure , C'ea7e di(7in>7 7:$e and 7e(7 7a!)e

SELECT id ANSWER

,!a)an>e * %& =======#ROM >@(7"me'(ORDER B id/Figure ?, D" m@)7i$): - 9ai)(

CREATE #0NCTION * 2@(_d"))a'(,INT3RET0RNS @(_d"))a'(SO0RCE SSIBM.*2DECIMAL,INT3/

Figure , C'ea7e ("@'>ed 9@n>7i"n

SELECT id ANSWER ,!a)an>e * %& AS neG!a) ==========#ROM >@(7"me'( ID NEWBALORDER B id/ -- ------- % %%%%.%& .&

Figure , D" m@)7i$): - G"'(

SELECT id ANSWER ,*2!a)an>e,%&3 AS neG!a) ==========#ROM >@(7"me'( ID NEWBAL

ORDER B id/ -- ------- % %%%%.%& .&Figure H, D" m@)7i$): - G"'(

Figure , S>a)a' and Ta!)e 9@n>7i"n (:n7a

CREATE #0NCTION Te(723 RET0RNS CAR23 RET0RN 5a!>de5/Figure , #@n>7i"n 'e7@'n( n@))a!)e, !@7 ne8e' n@)), 8a)@e

CREATE #0NCTION 'e7@'n(_Qe'"23 RET0RNS SMALLINT RET0RN &/ ANSWER

SELECT id AS id ====== ,'e7@'n(_Qe'"23 AS QQ ID #ROM (7a99 -- --WERE id = %&/ %& &Figure K, Sim$)e 9@n>7i"n @(a<e

CREATE #0NCTION >a)>2in8a) SMALLINT3 RET0RNS INT RET0RN in8a) * %&/CREATE #0NCTION >a)>2in8a) INTE;ER3 RET0RNS INT RET0RN in8a) * /

SELECT id AS id ANSWER ,>a)>2SMALLINT2id33 AS >% ========== ,>a)>2INTE;ER 2id33 AS C ID C% C#ROM (7a99 -- --- ---WERE id 4 ?& %& %&& &ORDER B id/ & && %&& DROP #0NCTION >a)>2SMALLINT3/DROP #0NCTION >a)>2INTE;ER3/Figure K&, TG" 9@n>7i"n( Gi7 (ame name

CREATE #0NCTION 'nd2in8a) INT3RET0RNS SMALLINTNOT DETERMINISTICRET0RN RAND23 * &/ ANSWER ======SELECT id AS id ID RND

,'nd2%3 AS RND -- ---#ROM (7a99 %& ?WERE id 4 & & ORDER B id/ ?& Figure K%, N"7 de7e'mini(7i> 9@n>7i"n

CREATE #0NCTION <e7_(a)2in8a) SMALLINT3RET0RNS DECIMAL2,3

RET0RN SELECT (a)a': #ROM (7a99 WERE id = in8a)/ ANSWER ===========SELECT id AS id ID SALAR ,<e7_(a)2id3 AS (a)a': -- --------#ROM (7a99 %& %?.&WERE id 4 & & %%%.ORDER B id/ ?& %&H.Figure K, #@n>7i"n @(in< @e':

CREATE #0NCTION ma_(a)2in8a) SMALLINT3RET0RNS DECIMAL2,3RET0RN WIT ddd 2ma_(a)3 AS 2SELECT MA12S.(a)a':3 #ROM (7a99 S% ,(7a99 S WERE S%.id = in8a) AND S%.de$7 = (.de$73 ,::: 2ma_(a)3 AS 2SELECT MA12S.(a)a':3

#ROM (7a99 S% ,(7a99 S WERE S%.id = in8a) AND S%.:ea'( = (.:ea'(3SELECT CASE WEN ddd.ma_(a) :::.ma_(a) TEN ddd.ma_(a) ELSE :::.ma_(a) END#ROM ddd, :::/ ANSWERSELECT id AS id ==================== ,(a)a': AS SAL% ID SAL% SAL

,ma_(a)2id3 AS SAL -- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 %& %?.& KK.&WERE id 4 & & %%%. %?.&ORDER B id/ ?& %&H. %KH&.Figure K?, #@n>7i"n @(in< >"mm"n 7a!)e e$'e((i"n

CREATE #0NCTION 'em"8e_e2in(7' 6ARCAR2&33RET0RNS 6ARCAR2&3RET0RN 'e$)a>e2in(7',5e5,553/ 0PDATE (7a99SET name = 'em"8e_e2name3WERE id 4 &/Figure K, #@n>7i"n @(ed in @$da7e

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============CREATE #0NCTION 'e8e'(e2in(7' 6ARCAR2&33 Ti( eam$)eRET0RNS 6ARCAR2&3 @(e( an BE;IN ATOMIC a( 7e (7m7 DECLARE "@7(7' 6ARCAR2&3 DE#A0LT 55/ de)imi7e'. DECLARE >@'!:7e SMALLINT DE#A0LT &/ SET >@'!:7e = LEN;T2RTRIM2in(7'33/ WILE >@'!:7e = % DO SET "@7(7' = "@7(7' || S0BSTR2in(7',>@'!:7e,%3/ SET >@'!:7e = >@'!:7e - %/ END WILE/

RET0RN "@7(7'/END

ANSWERSELECT id AS id ==================== ,name AS name% ID NAME% NAME ,'e8e'(e2name3 AS name -- -------- -------#ROM (7a99 %& Sande'( ('ednaSWERE id 4 & & Pe'na) )an'ePORDER B id ?& Ma'en7i"n @(in< >"m$"@nd SL

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============CREATE #0NCTION >e>_)en2in(7' 6ARCAR2&33 Ti( eam$)eRET0RNS SMALLINT @(e( an BE;IN ATOMIC a( 7e (7m7 I# in(7' IS N0LL TEN de)imi7e'. RET0RN N0LL/ END I#/ I# )en<72in(7'3 4 H TEN SI;NAL SLSTATE 5&&%5

SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5In$@7 (7'in< i( 4 H5/ ELSEI# )en<72in(7'3 4 TEN RET0RN -%/ END I#/ RET0RN )en<72in(7'3/ ANSWEREND ================= ID NAME% NAMESELECT id AS id -- -------- ----- ,name AS name% %& Sande'( ,>e>_)en2name3 AS name & Pe'na) -%

#ROM (7a99 ?& Ma'en7i"n Gi7 e''"' >e>in< )"

CREATE #0NCTION <e7_(7a9923RET0RNS TABLE 2ID SMALLINT ,name 6ARCAR2K3

,R SMALLINT3RET0RN SELECT id ,name ,:ea'( ANSWER #ROM (7a99/ ============== ID NAME RSELECT * -- -------- --#ROM TABLE2<e7_(7a99233 AS ( %& Sande'( WERE id 4 & & Pe'na) ORDER B id/ ?& Ma'en7i"n

Figure K, Ta!)e 9@n>7i"n @(a<e - (:n7a

CREATE #0NCTION <e7_(72in8a) INTE;ER3RET0RNS TABLE 2id SMALLINT ,name 6ARCAR2K3

,:' SMALLINT3RET0RN SELECT id ,name ,:ea'( #ROM (7a99 ANSWER WERE id = in8a)/ ============== ID NNN SELECT * -- -------- --#ROM TABLE2<e7_(72?&33 AS ((( 2id, nnn, ::3/ ?& Ma'en7i"n Gi7 $a'ame7e'(

CREATE #0NCTION mae_da7a23RET0RNS TABLE 2 SMALLINT ,DAT CAR233RET0RN WIT 7em$% 23 AS 26AL0ES 2%3,23,2?33 ANSWER SELECT ======== ,DI;ITS2SMALLINT233 DAT #ROM 7em$%/ -- -----

% &&&&%SELECT * &&&&#ROM TABLE2mae_da7a233 AS 777/ ? &&&&?Figure &&, Ta!)e 9@n>7i"n 7a7 >'ea7e( da7a

CREATE #0NCTION (7a99_)i(72)"_e: INTE;ER IMPORTANT ,)"_(a) INTE;ER3 ============RET0RNS TABLE 2id SMALLINT Ti( eam$)e

,(a)a': DECIMAL2,3 @(e( an ,ma_(a) DECIMAL2,3 a( 7e (7m7 ,id_ma SMALLINT3 de)imi7e'.LAN;0A;E SLREADS SL DATAE1TERNAL ACTIONDETERMINISTICBE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE ")d_(a) DECIMAL2,3 DE#A0LT &/ DECLARE ")d_e: SMALLINT/ I# )"_(a) 4 & TEN SI;NAL SLSTATE 5&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5Sa)a': 7"" )"G5/ END I#/

#OR <e7_ma AS SELECT id AS in_e: ,(a)a': A( in_(a) #ROM (7a99 WERE id = )"_e: DO

I# in_(a) ")d_(a) TEN SET ")d_(a) = in_(a)/ SET ")d_e: = in_e:/ END I#/ END #OR/ RET0RN SELECT id

,(a)a': ,")d_(a) ,")d_e: ANSWER #ROM (7a99 ============================ WERE id = )"_e:/ ID SALAR MA1_SAL ID_MA1END --- -------- -------- ------ & %H&.? KK.& %H&SELECT * & %?&.H& KK.& %H&#ROM TABLE2(7a99_)i(72HH,%33 AS 777 K& %&&%. KK.& %H&WERE id 4 %%% %&& %?.& KK.& %H&ORDER B id %%& %&.& KK.& %H&Figure &%, Ta!)e 9@n>7i"n Gi7 >"m$"@nd SL



CREATE #0NCTION @)ian_"@72in8a) DATE3RET0RNS CAR23RET0RN RTRIM2CAR2EAR2in8a)333 || S0BSTR2DI;ITS2DAO#EAR2in8a)33,3/ ANSWER

SELECT em$n" ========================= ,CAR2i'eda7e,ISO3 AS _da7e EMPNO _DATE J_DATE ,J0LIAN_O0T2i'eda7e3 AS _da7e ------ ---------- -------#ROM em$)":ee &&&&%& %KH-&%-&% %KH&&%WERE em$n" 4 5&&&&&5 &&&&& %K?-%&-%& %K??ORDER B em$n"/ &&&&?& %K-&-& %K&KFigure &, C"n8e'7 Da7e in7" J@)ian Da7e

CREATE #0NCTION @)ian_in2in8a) CAR233RET0RNS DATERET0RN DATE25&&&%-&%-&%53 + 2INT2S0BSTR2in8a),%,33 - %3 EARS + 2INT2S0BSTR2in8a),,?33 - %3 DAS/Figure &?, C"n8e'7 J@)ian Da7e in7" Da7e

SELECT em$n" ,i'eda7e

#ROM em$)":eeWERE EAR2i'eda7e3 = EAR2C0RRENT DATE3 - %/ Figure &, Se)e>7 '"G( Ge'e i'e-da7e = $'i"' :ea'

CREATE #0NCTION :ea'_m"n72in8a) DATE3RET0RNS INTE;ERRET0RN 2EAR2in8a)3 * %3 + MONT2in8a)3/

Figure &, C'ea7e :ea'-m"n7 9@n>7i"n

SELECT em$n" ,i'eda7e#ROM em$)":eeWERE EAR_MONT2i'eda7e3 = EAR_MONT2C0RRENT DATE3 - %/Figure &H, Se)e>7 '"G( Ge'e i'e-da7e = $'i"' m"n7



CREATE #0NCTION (@nda:_Gee2in8a) DATE3RET0RNS INTE;ERRET0RN DAS2in8a)3 /Figure &, C'ea7e Gee-n@m!e' 9@n>7i"n

CREATE #0NCTION m"nda:_Gee2in8a) DATE3RET0RNS INTE;ERRET0RN 2DAS2in8a)3 - %3 /Figure &, C'ea7e Gee-n@m!e' 9@n>7i"n

WIT ANSWER7em$% 2n@m,d73 AS ================================== 26AL0ES 2% DATE DA W IS S0N_W MON_W ,DATE25&&-%-K533 ---------- --- -- -- ------ ------ 0NION ALL &&-%-K Wed ? ? %&H? %&H? SELECT n@m + % &&-%-?& T@ ? ? %&H? %&H? ,d7 + % DA &&-%-?% #'i ? ? %&H? %&H? #ROM 7em$% &&-&%-&% Sa7 % ? %&H? %&H? WERE n@m 4 % &&-&%-& S@n ? %&H %&H? 3, &&-&%-&? M"n % %&H %&H7em$ 2d7,d:3 AS &&-&%-& T@e % %&H %&H 2SELECT d7 &&-&%-& Wed % %&H %&H

,S0BSTR2DANAME2d73,%,?3 &&-&%-&H T@ % %&H %&H #ROM 7em$% &&-&%-& #'i % %&H %&H 3 &&-&%-& Sa7 % %&H %&HSELECT CAR2d7,ISO3 AS da7e &&-&%-&K S@n ? % %&H %&H ,d: AS da: &&-&%-%& M"n ? %&H %&H ,WEE2d73 AS G &&-&%-%% T@e ? %&H %&H ,WEE_ISO2d73 AS i( &&-&%-% Wed ? %&H %&H ,(@nda:_Gee2d73 AS (@n_G ,m"nda:_Gee2d73 AS m"n_G#ROM 7em$ORDER B %/Figure &K, 0(e Gee-n@m!e' 9@n>7i"n(

CREATE #0NCTION N@mLi(72ma_n@m INTE;ER3RET0RNS TABLE2n@m INTE;ER3LAN;0A;E SLRET0RN

WIT 7em$% 2n@m3 AS 26AL0ES 2&3 0NION ALL SELECT n@m + %

#ROM 7em$% WERE n@m 4 ma_n@m 3 SELECT n@m #ROM 7em$%/Figure %&, C'ea7e n@m-)i(7 9@n>7i"n

ANSWERSSELECT * =======#ROM TABLE2N@mLi(72-%33 AS / & SELECT *#ROM TABLE2N@mLi(72+&33 AS / & SELECT *#ROM TABLE2N@mLi(72+?33 AS / & %

?SELECT *#ROM TABLE2N@mLi(72CAST2N0LL AS INTE;ER333 AS / &Figure %%, 0(in< n@m-)i(7 9@n>7i"n

SELECT a>7n" ANSWER ,em(7da7e ================================= ,emenda7e ACTNO EMSTDATE EMENDATE DAS ,DAS2emenda7e3 - ----- ---------- ---------- -----

DAS2em(7da7e3 AS da:( & %K-&H-% %K-&-&% %H#ROM em$_a>7 a>7 & %K-&?-&% %K-&-% WERE em$n" = 5&&&H&5 AND $'"n" = 5AD?%%?5 AND a>7n" 4 %&& AND em$7ime = &.ORDER B a>7n"/Figure %, Se)e>7 a>7i8i7: (7a'7 Z end da7e

SELECT a>7n" ANSWER ,da:( ========================== ,n@m ACTNO DAS N0M NEW_DATE ,em(7da7e + n@m DAS AS neG_da7e ----- ----- --- ----------#ROM 2SELECT a>7n" & %H & %K-&H-% ,em(7da7e & %H % %K-&H-%H ,emenda7e & %H %K-&H-% ,DAS2emenda7e3 - & %H ? %K-&H-% DAS2em(7da7e3 AS da:( & %H %K-&H-%K #ROM em$_a>7 a>7 & %H %K-&H-& WERE em$n" = 5&&&H&5 & %H H %K-&H-% AND $'"n" = 5AD?%%?5 & %H %K-&H-



AND a>7n" 4 %&& & %H %K-&H-? AND em$7ime = &. & %H K %K-&H- 3AS aaa & %H %& %K-&H- ,TABLE2N@mLi(72da:(33 AS 777 e7>...ORDER B a>7n" ,n@m/Figure %?, ;ene'a7e "ne '"G $e' da7e !e7Geen (7a'7 Z end da7e( 2% "9 3

SELECT a>7n" ,da:( ,n@m ACTNO DAS N0M NEW_DATE ,em(7da7e + n@m DAS AS neG_da7e ----- ----- --- ----------#ROM 2SELECT a>7n" & %H & %K-&H-% ,em(7da7e & %H % %K-&H-%H ,emenda7e & %H %K-&H-% ,DAS2emenda7e3 - & %H ? %K-&H-% DAS2em(7da7e3 AS da:( & %H %K-&H-%K #ROM em$_a>7 a>7 & %H %K-&H-&

WERE em$n" = 5&&&H&5 & %H H %K-&H-% AND $'"n" = 5AD?%%?5 & %H %K-&H- AND a>7n" 4 %&& & %H %K-&H-? AND em$7ime = &. & %H K %K-&H- 3AS aaa & %H %& %K-&H-LE#T O0TER JOIN e7>... TABLE2N@mLi(72da:(33 AS 777ON % = %ORDER B a>7n" ,n@m/Figure %, ;ene'a7e "ne '"G $e' da7e !e7Geen (7a'7 Z end da7e( 2 "9 3

CREATE #0NCTION ISCAR 2in8a) 6ARCAR2&33RET0RNS SMALLINTLAN;0A;E SLRET0RNCASE

WEN TRANSLATE20PPER2in8a)3,5 5,5ABCDE#;IJLMNOPRST06W153 = 5 5 TEN % ELSE &END/Figure %, Ce> i9 in$@7 8a)@e i( >a'a>7e'

CREATE #0NCTION ISN0M 2in8a) 6ARCAR2&33RET0RNS SMALLINTLAN;0A;E SLRET0RNCASE

WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5&%?HK&53 = 5 5 TEN %



ELSE &END/Figure %H, Ce> i9 in$@7 8a)@e i( n@me'i>

WIT 7em$ 2inda7a3 AS ANSWER

26AL0ES 25ABC53,25%?53,25?.53 ========== ,25-53,25A% 53,25 533 INDATA C NSELECT inda7a AS inda7a ------ - - ,ISCAR2inda7a3 AS > ABC % & ,ISN0M2inda7a3 AS n %? & %#ROM 7em$/ ?. & & - & & A% & & % %Figure %, Eam$)e "9 9@n>7i"n( in @(e

CREATE #0NCTION ISN0M 2in8a) 6ARCAR233RET0RNS CAR23LAN;0A;E SLRET0RNCASE

WEN in8a) = 5 5 TEN 5 5 WEN LOCATE25 5,RTRIM2LTRIM2in8a)333 & TEN 5 5 WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5&%?HK&53 = in8a) TEN 5 5

WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5&%?HK&53 = 5 5 TEN 5INT 5 WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5+&%?HK&53 = 5 5 AND LOCATE25+5,LTRIM2in8a)33 = % AND LEN;T2REPLACE2in8a),5+5,5533 = LEN;T2in8a)3 - % TEN 5INT+5 WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5-&%?HK&53 = 5 5 AND LOCATE25-5,LTRIM2in8a)33 = % AND LEN;T2REPLACE2in8a),5-5,5533 = LEN;T2in8a)3 - % TEN 5INT-5 WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5.&%?HK&53 = 5 5 AND LEN;T2REPLACE2in8a),5.5,5533 = LEN;T2in8a)3 - % TEN 5DEC 5

WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5+.&%?HK&53 = 5 5 AND LOCATE25+5,LTRIM2in8a)33 = % AND LEN;T2REPLACE2in8a),5+5,5533 = LEN;T2in8a)3 - % AND LEN;T2REPLACE2in8a),5.5,5533 = LEN;T2in8a)3 - % TEN 5DEC+5Figure %, Ce> i9 in$@7 8a)@e i( n@me'i> - $a'7 % "9

WEN TRANSLATE2in8a),5 5,5-.&%?HK&53 = 5 5



AND LOCATE25-5,LTRIM2in8a)33 = % AND LEN;T2REPLACE2in8a),5-5,5533 = LEN;T2in8a)3 - % AND LEN;T2REPLACE2in8a),5.5,5533 = LEN;T2in8a)3 - % TEN 5DEC-5 ELSE 5 5END/Figure %K, Ce> i9 in$@7 8a)@e i( n@me'i> - $a'7 "9

WIT 7em$ 2inda7a3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25ABC53,25%?53,25?.53 ================== ,25-53,25+%%53,25-%-53 INDATA TPE N0MBER ,25%+53,25+.%53,25-&.53 ------ ---- ------ ,25 53,25% %53,25 . 533 ABC -SELECT inda7a AS inda7a %? INT %?.&& ,ISN0M2inda7a3 AS 7:$e ?. DEC ?.& ,CASE - INT- -.&& WEN ISN0M2inda7a3 4 55 +%% INT+ %%.&& TEN DEC2inda7a,,3 -%- -

ELSE N0LL %+ - END AS n@m!e' +.% DEC+ &.%&#ROM 7em$/ -&. DEC- &.&& - % % - . -Figure &, Eam$)e "9 9@n>7i"n in @(e

Figure %, ORDER B (:n7a

CREATE 6IEW SE_DATA2>")%,>")3AS 6AL0ES 25a!5,5:53 ,25AB5,5:53 ,25a>5,5153 ,25AB5,5153 ,25A!5,5%53/Figure , ORDER B (am$)e da7a de9ini7i"n

SELECT >")% ANSWER SE_DATA ,>") ========= +---------+#ROM (e_da7a COL% COL |COL%|COL|ORDER B >")% ASC ---- ---- |----+----| ,>")/ a! : |a! |: | a> 1 |AB |: | A! % |a> |1 |



AB : |AB |1 | AB 1 |A! |% | +---------+Figure ?, Sim$)e ORDER B

SELECT >")% ANSWER ,>") =========#ROM (e_da7a COL% COLORDER B TRANSLATE2>")%3 ASC ---- ---- ,TRANSLATE2>")3 ASC A! % a! : AB 1 AB : a> 1Figure , Ca(e in(en(i7i8e ORDER B

SELECT >") ANSWER#ROM (e_da7a ======ORDER B >")% COL ,>")/ ---- : 1 % : 1Figure , ORDER B "n n"7-di($)a:ed >")@mn

SELECT >")% ANSWER ,>") =========#ROM (e_da7a COL% COLORDER B S0BSTR2>")%,3 DESC ---- ---- ,>") a> 1 ,%/ AB : AB 1 A! %

a! :Figure H, ORDER B (e>"nd !:7e "9 9i'(7 >")@mn

SELECT >")% ANSWER ,E12>")%3 AS e% =================== ,>") COL% E1% COL E1 ,E12>")3 AS e ---- ---- ---- ----#ROM (e_da7a AB % 1 K



ORDER B E12>")%3 AB % : K ,E12>")3 A! %H % ?%? a! H%H : K a> H%H? 1 KFigure , ORDER B in !i7-da7a (e@en>e

SELECT >")% ANSWER SE_DATA#ROM 2SELECT >")% ====== +---------+ #ROM (e_da7a COL% |COL%|COL| ORDER B >") ---- |----+----| 3 AS A! |a! |: |ORDER B ORDER O# / a! |AB |: | AB |a> |1 | a> |AB |1 | AB |A! |% | +---------+Figure , ORDER B ne(7ed ORDER B

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT * ========= #ROM 2SELECT * COL% COL #ROM (e_da7a ---- ---- ORDER B >") A! % 3AS a! : ORDER B ORDER O# AB : ,S0BSTR2>")%,3 AB 1 3AS ::: a> 1

ORDER B ORDER O# ::: ,>")%/Figure K, M@)7i$)e ne(7ed ORDER B (7a7emen7(

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,$'"n" AS $' ================= ,a>7n" AS a>7 EMPNO PRJ ACT R ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS ' ------ --- --- --

#ROM #INAL TABLE &&&&& KKK % 2INSERT INTO em$_a>7 2em$n", $'"n", a>7n"3 &&&&& 666 %%% 6AL0ES 25&&&&&5,55,KKK3 ,25&&&&&5,56665,%%%33ORDER B INP0T SE0ENCE/Figure ?&, ORDER B in(e'7 in$@7 (e@en>e

Figure ?%, ;RO0P B (:n7a

;RO0P B di8i(i"n, de$a'7men7, 7eam;RO0P B di8i(i"n, de$a'7men7;RO0P B di8i(i"n;RO0P B di8i(i"n, 7eam

;RO0P B de$a'7men7, 7eam;RO0P B de$a'7men7;RO0P B 7eam;RO0P B 23 4= <'and-7"7a)Figure ?, P"((i!)e <'"@$in<(

;RO0P B di8i(i"n, de$a'7men7, 7eam0NION ALL

;RO0P B di8i(i"n, de$a'7men70NION ALL;RO0P B di8i(i"n0NION ALL;RO0P B 23

;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22di8i(i"n, de$a'7men7, 7eam3 ,2di8i(i"n, de$a'7men73 ,2di8i(i"n3 ,233

;RO0P B ROLL0P 2di8i(i"n, de$a'7men7, 7eam3Figure ??, T'ee Ga:( 7" G'i7e 7e (ame ;RO0P B

CREATE 6IEW em$)":ee_8ieG AS ANSWERSELECT S0BSTR2G"'de$7,%,%3 AS d% ================== ,G"'de$7 AS de$7 D% DEPT SE1 SALAR ,(e AS (e -- ---- --- ------ ,INTE;ER2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': A A&& # &#ROM em$)":ee A A&& M K&

WERE G"'de$7 4 5D&5/ A A&& M H&&COMMIT/ B B&% M %& C C&% # ?&& C C&% # & C C&% # ?& D D%% # %?&SELECT * D D%% # &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG D D%% # K&ORDER B %,,?,/ D D%% M %& D D%% M && D D%% M H& D D%% M & D D%% M &



D D%% M ?&Figure ?, ;RO0P B Sam$)e Da7a

SELECT d%, de$7, (e ANSWER ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ========================

,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( D% DEPT SE1 SALAR ROWS#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG -- ---- --- ------ -----WERE de$7 4 5ABC5 A A&& # & %;RO0P B d%, de$7, (e A A&& M & A6IN; de$7 5A&5 B B&% M %& % AND 2S0M2(a)a':3 %&& C C&% # K&& ? OR MIN2(a)a':3 %& D D%% # ??& ? OR CO0NT2*3 4 3 D D%% M %H& HORDER B d%, de$7, (e/Figure ?, Sim$)e ;RO0P B

SELECT (e ANSWER ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ================ ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( SE1 SALAR ROWS#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG --- ------ -----WERE (e IN 25#5,5M53 # & %;RO0P B de$7 # K&& ? ,(e # ??& ?ORDER B (e/ M & M %& % M %H& HFigure ?H, ;RO0P B "n n"n-di($)a:ed 9ie)d

SELECT S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ANSWER ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ============#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG SALAR ROWSWERE d% 4 515 ------ -----;RO0P B S0BSTR2de$7,?,%3 %&& ?A6IN; CO0NT2*3 4 KK/ ??& %?Figure ?, ;RO0P B "n de'i8ed 9ie)d, n"7 ("Gn

SELECT S0BSTR2de$7,?,%3 AS G$a'7 ANSWER ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ================== ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( WPART SALAR ROWS#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG ----- ------ -----;RO0P B S0BSTR2de$7,?,%3 % ??& %?ORDER B G$a'7 DESC/ & %&& ?Figure ?, ;RO0P B "n de'i8ed 9ie)d, ("Gn



;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22A,B,C33 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,B ,C

;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 2A,B,C3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A 0NION ALL ;RO0P B B 0NION ALL ;RO0P B C ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 2A,2B,C33 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A 0NION ALL ;RO0P B B ,B CFigure ?K, ;RO0PIN; SETS in $a'en7e(i( 8(. n"7

;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 2A3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,;RO0PIN; SETS 2B3 ,B ,;RO0PIN; SETS 2C3 ,C ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 2A3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,;RO0PIN; SETS 22B,C33 ,B ,C ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 2A3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,;RO0PIN; SETS 2B,C3 ,B

0NION ALL ;RO0P B A ,CFigure &, M@)7i$)e ;RO0PIN; SETS

;RO0P B A i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,;RO0PIN; SETS 22B,C33 ,B ,C

Figure %, Sim$)e ;RO0P B e$'e((i"n and ;RO0PIN; SETS >"m!ined

;RO0P B A i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,B ,B ,;RO0PIN; SETS 22B,C33 ,C ;RO0P B A i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,B ,B

,;RO0PIN; SETS 2B,C3 ,C 0NION ALL ;RO0P B A ,B ;RO0P B A i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,B ,B ,C ,C ,;RO0PIN; SETS 2B,C3 0NION ALL ;RO0P B A

,B ,CFigure , Miin< (im$)e ;RO0P B e$'e((i"n( and ;RO0PIN; SETS

;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22A,B,C3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,2A,B3 ,B ,2C33 ,C 0NION ALL

;RO0P B A ,B 0NION ALL ;RO0P B C ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22A3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,2B,C3 0NION ALL ,2A3 ;RO0P B B ,A ,C ,22C333 0NION ALL ;RO0P B A 0NION ALL ;RO0P B A 0NION ALL

;RO0P B CFigure ?, ;RO0PIN; SETS Gi7 m@)7i$)e >"m$"nen7(

;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22A,B,C3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A ,2A,B3 ,B ,2A3 ,C ,233 0NION ALL ;RO0P B A

,Bi( e@i8a)en7 7" 0NION ALL ;RO0P B A 0NION ALLROLL0P2A,B,C3 <'and-7"7)Figure , ;RO0PIN; SET Gi7 m@)7i$)e >"m$"nen7(, @(in< <'and-7"7a)

;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22A,B,C3 i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B A

,2A,B3 ,B ,2A,C3 ,C ,2B,C3 0NION ALL ,2A3 ;RO0P B A ,2B3 ,B ,2C3 0NION ALL ,233 ;RO0P B A ,C 0NION ALL ;RO0P B B

i( e@i8a)en7 7" ,C 0NION ALL ;RO0P B A 0NION ALLC0BE2A,B,C3 ;RO0P B B 0NION ALL ;RO0P B C 0NION ALL <'and-7"7)Figure , ;RO0PIN; SET Gi7 m@)7i$)e >"m$"nen7(, @(in< <'and-7"7a)

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ============================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R D# W# S# ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a) -- ---- --- ------ -- -- -- -- ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2d%3 AS 9% A A&& M & & & & ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d B B&% M %& % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( C C&% # K&& ? & & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG D D%% # ??& ? & & &;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 2d%3 D D%% M %H& H & & & ,;RO0PIN; SETS 22de$7,(e33

ORDER B d% ,de$7 ,(e/Figure H, M@)7i$)e ;RO0PIN; SETS, main< "ne ;RO0P B

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ============================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R #% #D #S

,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a) -- ---- --- ------ -- -- -- -- ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& - %&& ? & & % ,;RO0PIN;2d%3 AS 9% A - # & % & % & ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d A - M & & % & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( B B&% - %& % & & %#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG B - M %& % & % &;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 2d%3 C C&% - K&& ? & & % ,;RO0PIN; SETS 2de$7,(e3 C - # K&& ? & % &ORDER B d% D D%% - %&& K & & % ,de$7 D - # ??& ? & % & ,(e/ D - M %H& H & % &Figure , M@)7i$)e ;RO0PIN; SETS, main< 7G" ;RO0P B 'e(@)7(

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ============================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R #% #D #S ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a) ------------------------------ ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & % & & &

,;RO0PIN;2d%3 AS 9% A A&& M & & & & ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d B B&% M %& % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( C C&% # K&& ? & & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG D D%% # ??& ? & & &;RO0P B d% D D%% M %H& H & & & ,de$7 ,;RO0PIN; SETS 22de$7,(e33ORDER B d% ,de$7 ,(e/Figure , Re$ea7ed 9ie)d e((en7ia)): i<n"'ed

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ============================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R #% #D #S ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a) ------------------------------ ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2d%3 AS 9% A A&& M & & & & ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d A A&& - %&& ? & & % ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( B B&% M %& % & & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG B B&% - %& % & & %;RO0P B d% C C&% # K&& ? & & &

,DEPT C C&% - K&& ? & & % ,;RO0PIN; SETS 2de$7,(e3 D D%% # ??& ? & & &ORDER B d% D D%% M %H& H & & & ,de$7 D D%% - %&& K & & % ,(e/Figure K, Re$ea7ed 9ie)d im$a>7( @e': 'e(@)7

;RO0P B d% i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B d%

,de$7 ,de$7 ,;RO0PIN; SETS 22de$7,(e33 (e

;RO0P B d% i( e@i8a)en7 7" ;RO0P B d% ,de$7 ,de$7 ,;RO0PIN; SETS 2de$7,(e3 (e 0NION ALL ;RO0P B d% ,de$7 ,de$7Figure &, Re$ea7ed 9ie)d im$a>7( @e': 'e(@)7

;RO0P B ROLL0P2A,B,C3 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22A,B,C3 ,2A,B3 ,2A3 ,233

;RO0P B ROLL0P2C,B3 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22C,B3 ,2C3 ,233 ;RO0P B ROLL0P2A3 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22A3 ,233Figure %, ROLL0P 8(. ;RO0PIN; SETS

;RO0P B ROLL0P2A,2B,C33 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22A,B,C3 ,2A3 ,233Figure , ROLL0P 8(. ;RO0PIN; SETS

;RO0P B ROLL0P2A3 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22A,B,C3 ,ROLL0P2B,C3 ,2A,B3 ,2A3 ,2B,C3

,2B3 ,233Figure ?, ROLL0P 8(. ;RO0PIN; SETS

ROLL0P2A3 * ROLL0P2B,C3 = ;RO0PIN; SETS22A,B,C3 ,2A,B3 ,2A3;RO0PIN; SETS22A3 * ;RO0PIN; SETS22B,C3 = ,2B,C3

,233 ,2B3 ,2B3 233 ,2233Figure , M@)7i$):in< ;RO0PIN; SETS

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ==================== ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( DEPT SALAR ROWS #D ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d ---- ------ ----- --

#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A&& %&& ? &;RO0P B de$7 B&% %& % &ORDER B de$7/ C&% K&& ? & D%% %&& K &Figure , Sim$)e ;RO0P B

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ==================== ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( DEPT SALAR ROWS #D ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS #D ---- ------ ----- --#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A&& %&& ? &;RO0P B ROLL0P2de$73 B&% %& % &ORDER B de$7/ C&% K&& ? & D%% %&& K & - ?& %H %Figure H, ;RO0P B Gi7 ROLL0P

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ==================== ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( DEPT SALAR ROWS #D ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d ---- ------ ----- --#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A&& %&& ? &;RO0P B de$7 B&% %& % &0NION ALL C&% K&& ? &SELECT CAST2N0LL AS CAR2?33 AS de$7 D%% %&& K & ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': - ?& %H % ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G(

,CAST2% AS INTE;ER3 AS 9d#ROM em$)":ee_8ieGORDER B de$7/Figure , ROLL0P d"ne 7e ")d-9a(i"ned Ga:

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ==================== ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( DEPT SALAR ROWS #D

,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d ---- ------ ----- --#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A&& %&& ? &;RO0P B de$7 A&& %&& ? & ,ROLL0P2de$73 B&% %& % &ORDER B de$7/ B&% %& % & C&% K&& ? & C&% K&& ? & D%% %&& K & D%% %&& K &Figure , Re$ea7in< a 9ie)d in ;RO0P B and ROLL0P 2e''"'3

;RO0P B de$7 = ;RO0P B de$7 = ;RO0P B de$7 ,ROLL0P2de$73 ,;RO0PIN; SETS22de$73 0NION ALL ,233 ;RO0P B de$7 ,23Figure K, Re$ea7in< a 9ie)d, e$)ana7i"n

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,(e =========================== ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': DEPT SE1 SALAR ROWS #D #S ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ---- --- ------ ----- -- -- ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d A&& # & % & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( A&& M & & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A&& - %&& ? & %;RO0P B de$7 B&% M %& % & & ,ROLL0P2(e3 B&% - %& % & %

ORDER B de$7 C&% # K&& ? & & ,(e/ C&% - K&& ? & % D%% # ??& ? & & D%% M %H& H & & D%% - %&& K & %Figure H&, ;RO0P B "n %(7 9ie)d, ROLL0P "n nd

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,(e ===========================

,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': DEPT SE1 SALAR ROWS #D #S ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ---- --- ------ ----- -- -- ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d A&& # & % & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( A&& M & & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A&& - %&& ? & %;RO0P B ROLL0P2de$7 B&% M %& % & & ,(e3 B&% - %& % & %ORDER B de$7 C&% # K&& ? & & ,(e/ C&% - K&& ? & % D%% # ??& ? & & D%% M %H& H & & D%% - %&& K & % - - ?& %H % %

Figure H%, ROLL0P "n DEPT, 7en SE1

SELECT (e ANSWER ,de$7 =========================== ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': SE1 DEPT SALAR ROWS #D #S ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( --- ---- ------ ----- -- -- ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d # A&& & % & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( # C&% K&& ? & &



#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG # D%% ??& ? & &;RO0P B ROLL0P2(e # - %HH& % & ,de$73 M A&& & & &ORDER B (e M B&% %& % & & ,de$7/ M D%% %H& H & & M - HH& K % & - - ?& %H % %Figure H, ROLL0P "n SE1, 7en DEPT

SELECT (e ANSWER ,de$7 =========================== ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': SE1 DEPT SALAR ROWS #D #S ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( --- ---- ------ ----- -- -- ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d # A&& & % & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( # C&% K&& ? & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG # D%% ??& ? & &;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22(e, de$73 # - %HH& % & ,2(e3 M A&& & & &

,233 M B&% %& % & &ORDER B (e M D%% %H& H & & ,de$7/ M - HH& K % & - - ?& %H % %Figure H?, ROLL0P "n SE1, 7en DEPT

SELECT (e ANSWER ,de$7 =========================== ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': SE1 DEPT SALAR ROWS #D #S

,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( --- ---- ------ ----- -- -- ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d # A&& & % & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( # C&% K&& ? & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG # D%% ??& ? & &;RO0P B ROLL0P2(e3 # - %HH& % & ,ROLL0P2de$73 M A&& & & &ORDER B (e M B&% %& % & & ,de$7/ M D%% %H& H & & M - HH& K % & - A&& %&& ? & % - B&% %& % & % - C&% K&& ? & % - D%% %&& K & %

- - ?& %H % %Figure H, TG" inde$enden7 ROLL0PS

SELECT de$7 ANSWER ,(e =========================== ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': DEPT SE1 SALAR ROWS #D #S ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ---- --- ------ ----- -- -- ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d A&& # & % & &

,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( A&& M & & &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG B&% M %& % & &;RO0P B ROLL0P22de$7,(e33 C&% # K&& ? & &ORDER B de$7 D%% # ??& ? & & ,(e/ D%% M %H& H & & - - ?& %H % %Figure H, C"m!ined-9ie)d ROLL0P

SELECT S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ANSWER ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ============#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG SALAR ROWS;RO0P B ROLL0P2(e ------ ----- ,de$73 ?& %HA6IN; ;RO0PIN;2de$73 = % AND ;RO0PIN;2(e3 = %ORDER B (a)a':/Figure HH, 0(e A6IN; 7" <e7 "n): <'and-7"7a) '"G

SELECT S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ANSWER ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ============#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG SALAR ROWS;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS2233/ ------ ----- ?& %HFigure H, 0(e ;RO0PIN; SETS 7" <e7 <'and-7"7a) '"G

SELECT S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ANSWER ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ============#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG SALAR ROWS;RO0P B 23/ ------ ----- ?& %HFigure H, 0(e ;RO0P B 7" <e7 <'and-7"7a) '"G

SELECT S0M2(a)a':3 AS (a)a': ANSWER ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS '"G( ============#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG/ SALAR ROWS ------ ----- ?& %HFigure HK, ;e7 <'and-7"7a) '"G di'e>7):



;RO0P B C0BE2A,B,C3 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22A,B,C3 ,2A,B3 ,2A,C3 ,2B,C3 ,2A3 ,2B3 ,2C3 ,233

;RO0P B C0BE2C,B3 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22C,B3 ,2C3 ,2B3 ,233 ;RO0P B C0BE2A3 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22A3 ,233Figure &, C0BE 8(. ;RO0PIN; SETS

;RO0P B C0BE2A,2B,C33 === ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS22A,B,C3 ,2B,C3 ,2A3 ,233Figure %, C0BE 8(. ;RO0PIN; SETS

;RO0P B C0BE2A,B3 == ;RO0PIN; SETS22A,B,C3,2A,B3,2A,B,C3,2A,B3 ,C0BE2B,C3 ,2A,B,C3,2A,B3,2A,C3,2A3

,2B,C3,2B3,2B,C3,2B3 ,2B,C3,2B3,2C3,233Figure , C0BE 8(. ;RO0PIN; SETS

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ============================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R #% #D #S ,INT2S0M2(a)a':33 AS (a) -- ---- --- ------ -- -- -- --

,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2d%3 AS 9% A A&& M & & & & ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d A A&& - %&& ? & & % ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( A - # & % & % &#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A - M & & % &;RO0P B C0BE2d%, de$7, (e3 A - - %&& ? & % %ORDER B d% B B&% M %& % & & & ,de$7 B B&% - %& % & & % ,(e/ B - M %& % & % & B - - %& % & % % C C&% # K&& ? & & & C C&% - K&& ? & & % C - # K&& ? & % &

C - - K&& ? & % % D D%% # ??& ? & & & D D%% M %H& H & & & D D%% - %&& K & & % D - # ??& ? & % & D - M %H& H & % & D - - %&& K & % % - A&& # & % % & & - A&& M & % & & - A&& - %&& ? % & %

- B&% M %& % % & & - B&% - %& % % & % - C&% # K&& ? % & & - C&% - K&& ? % & % - D%% # ??& ? % & & - D%% M %H& H % & & - D%% - %&& K % & % - - # %HH& % % & - - M HH& K % % & - - - ?& %H % % %Figure ?, C0BE eam$)e

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ============================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R #% #D #S ,INT2S0M2(a)a':33 AS (a) -- ---- --- ------ -- -- -- -- ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2d%3 AS 9% A A&& M & & & & ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d e7>... 2(ame a( $'i"' @e':3 ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9(#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22d%, de$7, (e3

,2d%,de$73 ,2d%,(e3 ,2de$7,(e3 ,2d%3 ,2de$73 ,2(e3 ,233ORDER B d% ,de$7 ,(e/Figure , C0BE e$'e((ed @(in< m@)7i$)e ;RO0PIN; SETS

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ============================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R #% #D #S ,INT2S0M2(a)a':33 AS (a) ------------------------------ ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2d%3 AS 9% A A&& M & & & & ,;RO0PIN;2de$73 AS 9d B B&% M %& % & & & ,;RO0PIN;2(e3 AS 9( C C&% # K&& ? & & &#ROM em$)":ee_6IEW D D%% # ??& ? & & &

;RO0P B C0BE22d%, de$7, (e33 D D%% M %H& H & & &ORDER B d% - - - ?& %H % % % ,de$7 ,(e/Figure , C0BE "n >"m$"@nd 9ie)d(

;RO0P B C0BE22A,B,C33 = ;RO0P B ;RO0IN; SETS22A,B,C3 = ;RO0P B A ,233 ,B ,C 0NION ALL ;RO0P B23Figure H, C0BE "n >"m$"@nd 9ie)d, e$)ana7i"n

SELECT d% AS d% ANSWER ,de$7 AS d$7 ================== ,(e AS ( D% DPT S1 SAL R ,INT2S0M2(a)a':33 AS (a) -- --- -- ------ - ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & %#ROM em$)":ee_6IEW A A&& M & ;RO0P B d% B B&% M %& % ,de$7 C C&% # K&& ? ,(e D D%% # ??& ?ORDER B %,,?/ D D%% M %H& HFigure , Ba(i> ;RO0P B eam$)e

DESIRED S0B-TOTALS E0I6ILENT TO================== =====================================D%, DEPT, and SE1. ;RO0P B ;RO0PIN; SETS 22d%,de$7,(e3D% and DEPT. ,2d%,de$73D% and SE1. ,2d%,(e3D%. ,2d%3SE1. ,2(e3;'and 7"7a). E0I6ILENT TO ,233 ======================= ;RO0P B ROLL0P2d%,de$73

,ROLL0P2(e3Figure , S@!-7"7a)( 7a7 Ge Gan7 7" <e7

SELECT *#ROM 2SELECT d% AS d% ,de$7 AS d$7 ,(e AS ( ,INT2S0M2(a)a':33 AS (a)

,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' ,SMALLINT2;RO0PIN;2d%33 AS <% ,SMALLINT2;RO0PIN;2de$733 AS <d ,SMALLINT2;RO0PIN;2(e33 AS <( #ROM EMPLOEE_6IEW ANSWER ;RO0P B C0BE2d%,de$7,(e3 ============================ 3AS D% DPT S1 SAL R ;% ;D ;SWERE 2<%,<d,<(3 = 2&,&,&3 -- --- -- ------ -- -- -- -- OR 2<%,<d,<(3 = 2&,&,%3 A A&& # & % & & & OR 2<%,<d,<(3 = 2&,%,&3 A A&& M & & & &

OR 2<%,<d,<(3 = 2&,%,%3 A A&& - %&& ? & & % OR 2<%,<d,<(3 = 2%,%,&3 A - # & % & % & OR 2<%,<d,<(3 = 2%,%,%3 A - M & & % &ORDER B %,,?/ A - - %&& ? & % % B B&% M %& % & & & B B&% - %& % & & % B - M %& % & % & B - - %& % & % % C C&% # K&& ? & & & C C&% - K&& ? & & % C - # K&& ? & % & C - - K&& ? & % % D D%% # ??& ? & & &

D D%% M %H& H & & & D D%% - %&& K & & % D - # ??& ? & % & D - M %H& H & % & D - - %&& K & % % - - # %HH& % % & - - M HH& K % % & - - - ?& %H % % %Figure K, ;e7 )"7( "9 (@!-7"7a)(, @(in< C0BE

2;%,;D,;S3 = 2&,&,&3 4== D%, DEPT, SE12;%,;D,;S3 = 2&,&,%3 4== D%, DEPT2;%,;D,;S3 = 2&,%,&3 4== D%, SE12;%,;D,;S3 = 2&,%,%3 4== D%,2;%,;D,;S3 = 2%,%,&3 4== SE1,2;%,;D,;S3 = 2%,%,%3 4== <'and 7"7a)Figure &, P'edi>a7e( @(ed - e$)ana7i"n

SELECT d% ANSWER ,de$7 ===================== ,(e D% DEPT SE1 SAL R ,INT2S0M2(a)a':33 AS (a) -- ---- --- ------ -- ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS ' A A&& # & %#ROM em$)":ee_8ieG A A&& M & ;RO0P B ROLL0P2d%,de$73 A A&& - %&& ? ,ROLL0P2(e3 A - # & %ORDER B %,,?/ A - M & A - - %&& ? B B&% M %& % B B&% - %& %

B - M %& % B - - %& % C C&% # K&& ? C C&% - K&& ? C - # K&& ? C - - K&& ? D D%% # ??& ? D D%% M %H& H D D%% - %&& K D - # ??& ?

D - M %H& H D - - %&& K - - # %HH& - - M HH& K - - - ?& %HFigure %, ;e7 )"7( "9 (@!-7"7a)(, @(in< ROLL0P

SELECT de$7, "!

,CO0NT2*3#ROM (7a99;RO0P B de$7, "!ORDER B de$7, "!/Figure , ;RO0P B Gi7 ORDER B

WIT (7a99 2de$7, a8<(a)3 AS ANSWER 2SELECT de$7 ================= ,A6;2(a)a':3 ID NAME DEPT

#ROM (7a99 --- -------- ---- ;RO0P B de$7 %H& M")ina'e %& A6IN; A6;2(a)a':3 %&&& %& L@ %& 3 & Danie)( %&SELECT a.id H& J"ne( %& ,a.name ,a.de$7#ROM (7a99 a ,(7a99 !WERE a.de$7 = !.de$7ORDER B a.id/Figure ?, ;RO0P B "n "ne (ide "9 "in - @(in< >"mm"n 7a!)e e$'e((i"n

SELECT a.id ANSWER ,a.name ================= ,a.de$7 ID NAME DEPT#ROM (7a99 a --- -------- ---- ,2SELECT de$7 AS de$7 %H& M")ina'e %& ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS a8<(a) %& L@ %& #ROM (7a99 & Danie)( %& ;RO0P B de$7 H& J"ne( %&

A6IN; A6;2(a)a':3 %&&& 3AS !WERE a.de$7 = !.de$7ORDER B a.id/Figure , ;RO0P B "n "ne (ide "9 "in - @(in< 9@))-(e)e>7

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >% ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ======WERE id 4 %/ &

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >% ANSWER#ROM (7a99 ======WERE id 4 % n" '"G;RO0P B id/Figure , CO0NT and N" R"G(

CREATE 6IEW (7a99_8% AS STA##_6% STA##_6SELECT id, name +-----------+ +---------+#ROM (7a99 |ID|NAME | |ID|JOB |WERE ID BETWEEN %& AND ?&/ |--|--------| |--|------| |%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( |CREATE 6IEW (7a99_8 AS |&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' |SELECT id, "! |?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' |#ROM (7a99 +-----------+ |&|Sa)e( |WERE id BETWEEN & AND & |&|M<' |0NION ALL +---------+

SELECT id, 5C)e'5 AS "!#ROM (7a99WERE id = ?&/Figure H, Sam$)e 6ieG( @(ed in J"in Eam$)e(

Figure , J"in S:n7a %

SELECT 8%.id JOIN ANSWER ,8%.name ================= ,8."! ID NAME JOB#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- ----- ,(7a99_8 8 & Pe'na) Sa)e(WERE 8%.id = 8.id ?& Ma'en<i C)e'ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'en<i M<' ,8."!/Figure , Sam$)e 7G"-7a!)e "in

SELECT 8%.id JOIN ANSWER ,8."! ================= ,8?.name ID JOB NAME#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- ----- --------

,(7a99_8 8 ?& C)e' Ma'en<i ,(7a99_8% 8? ?& M<' Ma'en<iWERE 8%.id = 8.id AND 8.id = 8?.id AND 8?.name LIE 5MF5ORDER B 8%.name ,8."!/Figure K, Sam$)e 7'ee-7a!)e "in

Figure K&, J"in S:n7a

SELECT 8%.id JOIN ANSWER ,8%.name ================= ,8."! ID NAME JOB#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- -----INNER JOIN & Pe'na) Sa)e( (7a99_8 8 ?& Ma'en<i C)e'

ON 8%.id = 8.id ?& Ma'en<i M<'ORDER B 8%.id ,8."!/Figure K%, Sam$)e 7G"-7a!)e inne' "in

SELECT 8%.id STA##_6% STA##_6 ,8."! +-----------+ +---------+ ,8?.name |ID|NAME | |ID|JOB |

#ROM (7a99_8% 8% |--|--------| |--|------|JOIN |%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | (7a99_8 8 |&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' |ON 8%.id = 8.id |?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' |JOIN +-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | (7a99_8% 8? |&|M<' |ON 8.id = 8?.id JOIN ANSWER +---------+WERE 8?.name LIE 5MF5 =================ORDER B 8%.name ID JOB NAME ,8."!/ -- ----- -------- ?& C)e' Ma'en<i ?& M<' Ma'en<iFigure K, Sam$)e 7'ee-7a!)e inne' "in

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================LE#T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----

ON % = % %& Sande'( - -AND 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e' ,8."!/ ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'Figure K?, Sam$)e 6ieG( @(ed in J"in Eam$)e(

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================

LE#T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON % = % & Pe'na) & Sa)e(WERE 8%.id = 8.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<' ,8."!/Figure K, Sam$)e 6ieG( @(ed in J"in Eam$)e(

STA##_6% STA##_6 INNER-JOIN ANSWER

+-----------+ +---------+ ====================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | J"in "n ID ID NAME ID JOB|--|--------| |--|------| ========== -- -------- -- -----|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | & Pe'na) & Sa)e(|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | |&|M<' | +---------+Figure K, Eam$)e "9 Inne' J"in

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ==================== ,(7a99_8 8 ID NAME ID JOBWERE 8%.id = 8.id -- -------- -- -----ORDER B 8%.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e( ,8."!/ ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e' ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'Figure KH, Inne' J"in SL 2% "9 3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================INNER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'

,8."!/ ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'Figure K, Inne' J"in SL 2 "9 3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================INNER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(

AND 8."! 4 5M<'5 ?& Ma'ene>

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================INNER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----

ON 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(WERE 8."! 4 5M<'5 ?& Ma'ene>

STA##_6% STA##_6 LE#T-O0TER-JOIN ANSWER+-----------+ +---------+ ======================

|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | ID NAME ID JOB|--|--------| |--|------| ========= -- -------- -- -----|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | %& Sande'( - -|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | & Pe'na) & Sa)e(|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<' |&|M<' | +---------+Figure H&&, Eam$)e "9 Le97 O@7e' J"in

SELECT *#ROM (7a99_8% 8%LE#T O0TER JOIN (7a99_8 8ON 8%.id = 8.idORDER B %,/Figure H&%, Le97 O@7e' J"in SL 2% "9 3

SELECT 8%.* 4== Ti( "in <e7( a)) ,8.* '"G( in STA##_6%#ROM (7a99_8% 8% 7a7 ma7> '"G( ,(7a99_8 8 in STA##_6.WERE 8%.id = 8.id0NIONSELECT 8%.* 4== Ti( @e': <e7( ,CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 AS id a)) 7e '"G( in

,CAST2N0LL AS CAR233 AS "! STA##_6% Gi7 n"#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ma7>in< '"G(WERE 8%.id NOT IN in STA##_6. 2SELECT id #ROM (7a99_83ORDER B %,/Figure H&, Le97 O@7e' J"in SL 2 "9 3


LE#T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -AND 8."! 4 5M<'5 & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'ene> "n 7a!)e !ein< "ined 7"

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================LE#T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(WERE 8."! 4 5M<'5 ?& Ma'ene> "n 7a!)e !ein< "ined 7" 2% "9 3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================LE#T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -WERE 28."! 4 5M<'5 & Pe'na) & Sa)e( OR 8."! IS N0LL3 ?& Ma'ene> "n 7a!)e !ein< "ined 7" 2 "9 3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================LE#T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -

AND 8%.name 5N5 & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'ene> "n 7a!)e !ein< "ined 9'"m

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================LE#T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----

ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -WERE 8%.name 5N5 & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id ,8."!/Figure H&, WERE >e> "n 7a!)e !ein< "ined 9'"m

STA##_6% STA##_6 RI;T-O0TER-JOIN ANSWER+-----------+ +---------+ =======================

|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | ID NAME ID JOB|--|--------| |--|------| ========= -- -------- -- -----|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | & Pe'na) & Sa)e(|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | - - & Sa)e( |&|M<' | - - & M<' +---------+Figure H&, Eam$)e "9 Ri<7 O@7e' J"in

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================RI;T O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B 8.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e' ,8."!/ ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<' - - & Sa)e(

- - & M<'Figure H&K, Ri<7 O@7e' J"in SL 2% "9 3

SELECT 8%.* ANSWER ,8.* ====================#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ID NAME ID JOB ,(7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----WERE 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(

0NION ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'SELECT CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 AS id ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<' ,CAST2N0LL AS 6ARCAR2K33 AS name - - & Sa)e( ,8.* - - & M<'#ROM (7a99_8 8WERE 8.id NOT IN 2SELECT id #ROM (7a99_8%3ORDER B ?,/Figure H%&, Ri<7 O@7e' J"in SL 2 "9 3

STA##_6% STA##_6 #0LL-O0TER-JOIN ANSWER+-----------+ +---------+ ======================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | ID NAME ID JOB|--|--------| |--|------| ========= -- -------- -- -----|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | %& Sande'( - -|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | & Pe'na) & Sa)e(|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<' |&|M<' | - - & Sa)e( +---------+ - - & M<'Figure H%%, Eam$)e "9 #@)) O@7e' J"in

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -ORDER B 8%.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e( ,8.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e' ,8."!/ ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'

- - & Sa)e( - - & M<'Figure H%, #@)) O@7e' J"in SL

SELECT 8%.* ANSWER

,8.* ====================#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ID NAME ID JOB ,(7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----WERE 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -0NION & Pe'na) & Sa)e(SELECT 8%.* ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e' ,CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 AS id ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<' ,CAST2N0LL AS CAR233 AS "! - - & Sa)e(#ROM (7a99_8% 8% - - & M<'WERE 8%.id NOT IN 2SELECT id #ROM (7a99_830NIONSELECT CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 AS id

,CAST2N0LL AS 6ARCAR2K33 AS name ,8.*#ROM (7a99_8 8WERE 8.id NOT IN 2SELECT id #ROM (7a99_8%3ORDER B %,?,/Figure H%?, #@)) O@7e' J"in SL

SELECT * ANSWER

#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -ORDER B 8%.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e( ,8.id ?& Ma'en "n e:(

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -AND 8%.id & & Pe'na) - -ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e' ,8.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<' ,8."!/ - - & Sa)e( - - & Sa)e(

- - & M<'Figure H%, #@)) O@7e' J"in, ma7> "n e:( &


#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -AND +% = -% & Pe'na) - -ORDER B 8%.id ?& Ma'en "n e:( 2n" '"G( ma7>3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON +% = -% %& Sande'( - -ORDER B 8%.id & Pe'na) - - ,8.id ?& Ma'en "n e:( 2n" '"G( ma7>3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----

ON +% 4 -% %& Sande'( & Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id %& Sande'( ?& C)e' ,8.id %& Sande'( ?& M<' ,8."!/ %& Sande'( & Sa)e( %& Sande'( & M<' & Pe'na) & Sa)e(STA##_6% STA##_6 & Pe'na) ?& C)e'+-----------+ +---------+ & Pe'na) ?& M<'|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | & Pe'na) & Sa)e(|--|--------| |--|------| & Pe'na) & M<'|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | ?& Ma'en<i & Sa)e(|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'

+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | ?& Ma'en "n e:( 2a)) '"G( ma7>3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id & Pe'na) & Sa)e(WERE 8%.id = 8.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e'ORDER B %,?,/ ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'Figure H%K, #@)) O@7e' J"in, 7@'ned in7" an inne' "in !: WERE

STA##_6% STA##_6+-----------+ +---------+ ANSWER|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | O0TER-JOIN CRITERIA ============|--|--------| |--|------| ================== , DEPENDS|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | 6%.ID = 6.ID|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | 6%.ID 4 ?&|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' |+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | |&|M<' | +---------+Figure H&, O@7e' "in 6%.ID 4 ?&, (am$)e da7a

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -WERE 8%.id 4 ?& & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B %,?,/Figure H%, O@7e' "in 6%.ID 4 ?&, >e> a$$)ied in WERE 2a97e' "in3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -AND 8%.id 4 ?& & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ORDER B %,?,/ ?& Ma'en<i - - - - ?& C)e'

- - ?& M<' - - & Sa)e( - - & M<'Figure H, O@7e' "in 6%.ID 4 ?&, >e> a$$)ied in ON 2d@'in< "in3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT * ==================== #ROM (7a99_8% ID NAME ID JOB WERE id 4 ?&3 AS 8% -- -------- -- -----#0LL O0TER JOIN %& Sande'( - - (7a99_8 8 & Pe'na) & Sa)e(ON 8%.id = 8.id - - ?& C)e'ORDER B %,?,/ - - ?& M<' - - & Sa)e( - - & M<'Figure H?, O@7e' "in 6%.ID 4 ?&, >e> a$$)ied in WERE 2!e9"'e "in3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -WERE 8%.id 4 ?& & Pe'na) & Sa)e( OR 8%.id IS N0LL - - & Sa)e(ORDER B %,?,/ - - & M<'Figure H, O@7e' "in 6%.ID 4 ?&, 2<i8e( G'"n< an(Ge' - (ee 7e73

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ====================#0LL O0TER JOIN ID NAME ID JOB (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -- -----ON 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - -WERE 8%.id 4 ?& & Pe'na) & Sa)e( OR 8%.id = 8.id ?& Ma'en<i ?& C)e' OR 8%.id IS N0LL ?& Ma'en<i ?& M<'

ORDER B %,?,/ - - & Sa)e( - - & M<'Figure H, O@7e' "in 6%.ID 4 ?&, 2<i8e( G'"n< an(Ge' - (ee 7e73

STA##_6% STA##_6 CARTESIAN-PROD0CT+-----------+ +---------+ ====================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | ID NAME ID JOB|--|--------| |--|------| ========= -- -------- -- -----

|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | %& Sande'( & Sa)e(|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | %& Sande'( ?& C)e'|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | %& Sande'( ?& M<'+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | %& Sande'( & Sa)e( |&|M<' | %& Sande'( & M<' +---------+ & Pe'na) & Sa)e( & Pe'na) ?& C)e' & Pe'na) ?& M<' & Pe'na) & Sa)e( & Pe'na) & M<'

?& Ma'en7

SELECT *

#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ,(7a99_8 8ORDER B 8%.id ,8.id ,8."!/Figure H, Ca'7e(ian P'"d@>7 SL 2% "9 3

SELECT *#ROM (7a99_8% 8%

INNER JOIN (7a99_8 8ON 5A5 4 5B5ORDER B 8%.id ,8.id ,8."!/Figure H, Ca'7e(ian P'"d@>7 SL 2 "9 3

SELECT 8a.id ANSWER ,8a."! =========== ,8!.id ID JOB ID#ROM (7a99_8 8a -- ----- -- ,(7a99_8 8! & Sa)e( &WERE 8a."! = 8!."! & Sa)e( & AND 8a.id 4 & ?& C)e' ?&ORDER B 8a.id ?& M<' ?& ,8!.id/ ?& M<' &Figure HK, Pa'7ia) Ca'7e(ian P'"d@>7 SL

SELECT 8."! ANSWER ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( ===========#ROM (7a99_8% 8% JOB ROWS ,(7a99_8 8 ----- -----;RO0P B 8."! C)e' ?ORDER B '"G( M<' H ,8."!/ Sa)e( H

Figure H?&, Pa'7ia) Ca'7e(ian P'"d@>7 SL, Gi7 ;RO0P B

SELECT COALESCE28%.id,8.id3 AS id ANSWER ,COALESCE28%.name,553 AS name ================= ,8."! ID NAME JOB#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- -----#0LL O0TER JOIN %& Sande'( - (7a99_8 8 & Pe'na) Sa)e(

ON 8%.id = 8.id ?& Ma'en7i"n in "@7e' "in

STA##_6% STA##_6 ANSWER+-----------+ +---------+ NON-MATCIN; ===================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | O0TER-JOIN ID NAME ID JOB

|--|--------| |--|------| =========== -- ------- -- -----|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | %& Sande'( - -|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | - - & Sa)e(|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | - - & M<'+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | |&|M<' | +---------+Figure H?, Eam$)e "9 "@7e' "in, "n): <e77in< 7e n"n-ma7>in< '"G(

SELECT 8%.* 4== ;e7 a)) 7e '"G( ,CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 AS id in STA##_6% 7a7 ,CAST2N0LL AS CAR233 AS "! a8e n" ma7>in<#ROM (7a99_8% 8% '"G in STA##_6.WERE 8%.id NOT IN 2SELECT id #ROM (7a99_830NIONSELECT CAST2N0LL AS SMALLINT3 AS id 4== ;e7 a)) 7e '"G( ,CAST2N0LL AS 6ARCAR2K33 AS name in STA##_6 7a7 ,8.* a8e n" ma7>in<#ROM (7a99_8 8 '"G in STA##_6%.WERE 8.id NOT IN

2SELECT id #ROM (7a99_8%3ORDER B %,?,/Figure H??, O@7e' J"in SL, <e77in< "n): n"n-ma7>in< '"G(

SELECT *

#ROM 2SELECT 8%.* ,56%5 AS 9)a< #ROM (7a99_8% 8%3 AS 8%#0LL O0TER JOIN 2SELECT 8.* ,565 AS 9)a< #ROM (7a99_8 83 AS 8ON 8%.id = 8.idWERE 8%.9)a< IS N0LL ANSWER OR 8.9)a< IS N0LL =============================ORDER B 8%.id ID NAME #LA; ID JOB #LA; ,8.id -- ------- ---- -- ----- ---- ,8."!/ %& Sande'( 6% - - - - - - & Sa)e( 6 - - - & M<' 6Figure H?, O@7e' J"in SL, <e77in< "n): n"n-ma7>in< '"G(

WIT8% AS 2SELECT 8%.* ,56%5 AS 9)a< #ROM (7a99_8% 8%3,8 AS 2SELECT 8.* ,565 AS 9)a< #ROM (7a99_8 83SELECT *#ROM 8% 8% ANSWER#0LL O0TER JOIN ============================= 8 8 ID NAME #LA; ID JOB #LA;ON 8%.id = 8.id -- ------- ---- -- ----- ----WERE 8%.9)a< IS N0LL %& Sande'( 6% - - -

OR 8.9)a< IS N0LL - - - & Sa)e( 6ORDER B 8%.id, 8.id, 8."!/ - - - & M<' 6Figure H?, O@7e' J"in SL, <e77in< "n): n"n-ma7>in< '"G(

SELECT * STA##_6% STA##_6#ROM (7a99_8% 8% +-----------+ +---------+#0LL O0TER JOIN |ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | (7a99_8 8 |--|--------| |--|------|

ON 8%.id = 8.id |%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( |WERE 8%.id IS N0LL |&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | OR 8.id IS N0LL |?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' |ORDER B 8%.id +-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | ,8.id |&|M<' | ,8."!/ +---------+Figure H?H, O@7e' J"in SL, <e77in< "n): n"n-ma7>in< '"G(

STA##_6% STA##_6 ANSWER+-----------+ +---------+ LE#T O0TER JOIN ===================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | ============== ID NAME ID JOB|--|--------| |--|------| 6%.ID = 6.ID -- ------- -- -----|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | 6%.ID 4 ?& %& Sande'( - -|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | & Pe'na) & Sa)e(|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' |+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | |&|M<' | +---------+

Figure H?, Le97 "@7e' "in eam$)e

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER ,8%.name ================= ,8."! ID NAME JOB#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- -----LE#T O0TER JOIN %& Sande'( - (7a99_8 8 & Pe'na) Sa)e(

ON 8%.id = 8.idWERE 8%.id 4 ?&ORDER B 8%.id /Figure H?, O@7e' J"in d"ne in #ROM $'a(e "9 SL

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER ,8%.name ================= ,2SELECT 8."! ID NAME JB #ROM (7a99_8 8 -- -------- -----

WERE 8%.id = 8.id3 AS ! %& Sande'( -#ROM (7a99_8% 8% & Pe'na) Sa)e(WERE 8%.id 4 ?&ORDER B 8%.id/Figure H?K, O@7e' J"in d"ne in SELECT $'a(e "9 SL

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER ,8%.name =================

,2SELECT 8."! ID NAME JB #ROM (7a99_8 8 -- -------- ----- WERE 8%.id = 8.id3 AS ! %& Sande'( -#ROM (7a99_8% 8% & Pe'na) Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id/Figure H&, O@7e' J"in d"ne in SELECT $'a(e "9 SL - <e7( e''"'

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER

,8%.name ================= ,2SELECT MA128."!3 ID NAME JB #ROM (7a99_8 8 -- -------- ----- WERE 8%.id = 8.id3 AS ! %& Sande'( -#ROM (7a99_8% 8% & Pe'na) Sa)e(ORDER B 8%.id/ ?& Ma'en<i M<'Figure H%, O@7e' J"in d"ne in SELECT $'a(e "9 SL - 9ied

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER ,8%.name ================= ,MA128."!3 AS ! ID NAME JB#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- -----LE#T O0TER JOIN %& Sande'( - (7a99_8 8 & Pe'na) Sa)e(ON 8%.id = 8.id ?& Ma'en<i M<';RO0P B 8%.id ,8%.nameORDER B 8%.id /

Figure H, Same a( $'i"' @e': - @(in< "in and ;RO0P B

SELECT 8.id ANSWER ,CASE =========== WEN 8."! 4 5M<'5 ID J TEN 8."! -- -------- ELSE 2SELECT 8%.name & Sa)e( #ROM (7a99_8% 8% ?& C)e' WERE 8%.id = 8.id3 ?& Ma'en<i

END AS & Sa)e(#ROM (7a99_8 8 & -ORDER B 8.id ,/Figure H?, Sam$)e 6ieG( @(ed in J"in Eam$)e(

SELECT 8.id ANSWER ,8."! ====================

,2SELECT 8%.name ID JOB NAME N #ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- ----- -------- -- WERE 8.id = 8%.id3 & Sa)e( Pe'na) H ,2SELECT LEN;T28%.name3 AS n ?& C)e' Ma'en")@mn(

SELECT 8.id ANSWER ,8."! ==================== ,8%.name ID JOB NAME N ,LEN;T28%.name3 AS n -- ----- -------- --#ROM (7a99_8 8 & Sa)e( Pe'na) HLE#T O0TER JOIN ?& C)e' Ma'en")@mn(

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER ,8%.name ================== ,2SELECT S0M2%.id3 ID NAME S0M_ID

#ROM (7a99_8% % -- -------- ------ WERE %.id 4= 8%.id %& Sande'( %& 3AS (@m_id & Pe'na) ?&#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ?& Ma'en<i H&ORDER B 8%.id ,8."!/Figure HH, R@nnin< 7"7a), @(in< JOIN in SELECT

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER

,8%.name ================== ,S0M2id3 O6ER2ORDER B id3 AS (@m_id ID NAME S0M_ID#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- ------ORDER B 8%.id/ %& Sande'( %& & Pe'na) ?& ?& Ma'en7i"n

STA##_6% STA##_6 ANSWER+-----------+ +---------+ =================|ID|NAME | |ID|JOB | O0TER-JOIN CRITERIA ID NAME JOB|--|--------| |--|------| ================== -- -------- -----|%&|Sande'( | |&|Sa)e( | 6%.ID = 6.ID %& Sande'( -|&|Pe'na) | |?&|C)e' | 6.JOB LIE 5SF5 & Pe'na) Sa)e(|?&|Ma'en<i| |?&|M<' | ?& Ma'en<i -+-----------+ |&|Sa)e( | |&|M<' | +---------+Figure H, O@7e' "in, Gi7 WERE 9i)7e'

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER 2WRON;3 ,8%.name ================= ,8."! ID NAME JOB#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- -----LE#T O0TER JOIN & Pe'na) Sa)e( (7a99_8 8

ON 8%.id = 8.idWERE 8."! LIE 5SF5ORDER B 8%.id ,8."!/Figure HK, O@7e' J"in, WERE d"ne a97e' - G'"n<

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER ,8%.name =================

,8."! ID NAME JOB#ROM (7a99_8% 8% -- -------- -----LE#T O0TER JOIN %& Sande'( - 2SELECT * & Pe'na) Sa)e( #ROM (7a99_8 ?& Ma'en"''e>7

SELECT 8%.id ANSWER ,8%.name ================= ,2SELECT 8."! ID NAME JOB #ROM (7a99_8 8 -- -------- ----- WERE 8%.id = 8.id %& Sande'( - AND 8."! LIE 5SF53 & Pe'na) Sa)e(#ROM (7a99_8% 8% ?& Ma'en"''e>7

SELECT eee.em$n" ANSWER ,aaa.$'"n" ========================== ,aaa.a>7n" EMPNO PROJNO ACTNO #ORMAT ,$$$.$"7"_9"'ma7 AS 9"'ma7 ------ ------ ----- ------#ROM em$)":ee eee &&&&%& MA%%& %& -LE#T O0TER JOIN &&&&& - - - em$_a>7 aaa &&&%?& - - !i7ma$



ON eee.em$n" = aaa.em$n" &&&%& MA%% H& !i7ma$AND aaa.em$7ime = % &&&%& MA%% %& !i7ma$AND aaa.$'"n" LIE 5MF%F5 &&&%H& MA%%? H& -LE#T O0TER JOIN em$_$"7" $$$ON eee.em$n" = $$$.em$n"AND $$$.$"7"_9"'ma7 LIE 5!F5WERE eee.)a(7name LIE 5FAF5 AND eee.em$n" 4 5&&&%&5 AND eee.em$n" 4 5&&&&?&5

ORDER B eee.em$n"/Figure H, J"in 9'"m Em$)":ee 7" A>7i8i7: and P"7"

SELECT eee.em$n" ANSWER ,aaa.$'"n" ========================== ,aaa.a>7n" EMPNO PROJNO ACTNO #ORMAT ,$$$.$"7"_9"'ma7 AS 9"'ma7 ------ ------ ----- ------#ROM em$)":ee eee &&&&%& MA%%& %& -

LE#T O0TER JOIN &&&&& - - - em$_a>7 aaa &&&%?& - - -ON eee.em$n" = aaa.em$n" &&&%& MA%% H& !i7ma$AND aaa.em$7ime = % &&&%& MA%% %& !i7ma$AND aaa.$'"n" LIE 5MF%F5 &&&%H& MA%%? H& -LE#T O0TER JOIN em$_$"7" $$$ON aaa.em$n" = $$$.em$n"AND $$$.$"7"_9"'ma7 LIE 5!F5WERE eee.)a(7name LIE 5FAF5 AND eee.em$n" 4 5&&&%&5 AND eee.em$n" 4 5&&&&?&5ORDER B eee.em$n"/Figure H?, J"in 9'"m Em$)":ee 7" A>7i8i7:, 7en 9'"m A>7i8i7: 7" P"7"

SELECT ddd.de$7n" AS d$ ,eee.em$n" ,aaa.$'"n" ,$$$.$'"name#ROM 2SELECT * #ROM de$a'7men7 WERE de$7name LIE 5FAF5

AND de$7name NOT LIE 5F0F5 AND de$7n" 4 5E5 3AS dddINNER JOIN em$)":ee eeeON ddd.de$7n" = eee.G"'de$7AND eee.)a(7name LIE 5FAF5LE#T O0TER JOIN em$_a>7 aaaON aaa.em$n" = eee.em$n"AND aaa.em$7ime 4= &.INNER JOIN $'"e>7 $$$

ON aaa.$'"n" = $$$.$'"n"AND $$$.$'"name LIE 5FF5ORDER B ddd.de$7n" ,eee.em$n" ANSWER ,aaa.$'"n"/ ================================ DP EMPNO PROJNO PROJNAME --- ------ ------ -------------- C&% &&&&?& I#%&&& 0ER SER6ICES C&% &&&%?& I#%&&& 0ER SER6ICESFigure H, C"m$)e "in - G'"n<

SELECT ddd.de$7n" AS d$ ,eee.em$n" ,.$'"n" ,.$'"name#ROM 2SELECT * #ROM de$a'7men7 WERE de$7name LIE 5FAF5

AND de$7name NOT LIE 5F0F5 AND de$7n" 4 5E5 3AS dddINNER JOIN em$)":ee eeeON ddd.de$7n" = eee.G"'de$7AND eee.)a(7name LIE 5FAF5LE#T O0TER JOIN 2SELECT aaa.em$n" ,aaa.em$7ime ,aaa.$'"n" ,$$$.$'"name #ROM em$_a>7 aaa INNER JOIN

$'"e>7 $$$ ON aaa.$'"n" = $$$.$'"n" AND $$$.$'"name LIE 5FF5 3AS ON .em$n" = eee.em$n"AND .em$7ime 4= &.ORDER B ddd.de$7n" ,eee.em$n" ANSWER ,.$'"n"/ ================================ DP EMPNO PROJNO PROJNAME --- ------ ------ -------------- C&% &&&&?& I#%&&& 0ER SER6ICES C&% &&&%?& I#%&&& 0ER SER6ICES

D% &&&&& - - D% &&&& - -Figure H, C"m$)e "in - 'i<7

CREATE TABLE 7a!)e% TABLE% TABLE27%a CAR2%3 NOT N0LL +-------+ +-----------+,7%! CAR23 NOT N0LL |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC|,PRIMAR E27%a33/ |---|---| |---|---|---|

COMMIT/ |A |AA | |A |A |A | |B |BB | |B |A | - |CREATE TABLE 7a!)e |C |CC | +-----------+27a CAR2%3 NOT N0LL +-------+ - = n@)),7! CAR2%3 NOT N0LL,7> CAR2%33/ INSERT INTO 7a!)e% 6AL0ES 25A5,5AA53,25B5,5BB53,25C5,5CC53/INSERT INTO 7a!)e 6AL0ES 25A5,5A5,5A53,25B5,5A5,N0LL3/Figure HH, Sam$)e 7a!)e( @(ed in (@!-@e': eam$)e(

Figure H, S@!-@e': (:n7a dia<'am

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% =======WERE 7%a = T%A T%B 2SELECT 7a --- -- #ROM 7a!)e A AA WERE 7a = 5A53/

S0B- TABLE% TABLE RESLT +-------+ +-----------+ +---+ |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| |TA| |---|---| |---|---|---| |---| |A |AA | |A |A |A | |A | |B |BB | |B |A | - | +---+ |C |CC | +-----------+

+-------+ - = n@))Figure H, N" e:G"'d (@!-@e':, G"'(

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% =======WERE 7%a =

2SELECT 7a #ROM 7a!)e3/

S0B- TABLE% TABLE RESLT +-------+ +-----------+ +---+ |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| |TA| |---|---| |---|---|---| |---| |A |AA | |A |A |A | |A | |B |BB | |B |A | - | |B | |C |CC | +-----------+ +---+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure HK, N" e:G"'d (@!-@e':, 9ai)(



SELECT * ANSWER S0B- TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= RESLT +-------+ +-----------+WERE 7%a AN T%A T%B +---+ |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7a --- -- |TA| |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ B BB |---| |A |AA | |A |A |A | C CC |A | |B |BB | |B |A | - | |B | |C |CC | +-----------+ +---+ +-------+ - = n@))

Figure HH&, AN (@!-@e':

S0B-0ER CEC E0I6ALENT COL0MN #0NCTION================ ============================ AN2(@!-@'e:3 MINIM0M2(@!-@e': 'e(@)7(34 AN2(@!-@e':3 4 MA1IM0M2(@!-@e': 'e(@)7(3 ALL2(@!-@e':3 MA1IM0M2(@!-@e': 'e(@)7(3

4 ALL2(@!-@e':3 4 MINIM0M2(@!-@e': 'e(@)7(3Figure HH%, AN and ALL 8(. >")@mn 9@n>7i"n(

SELECT * ANSWER S0B-#ROM 7a!)e% ======= RESLTWERE 7%a = ALL T%A T%B +---+ 2SELECT 7! --- -- |TB| #ROM 7a!)e A AA |---| WERE 7! = 5A53/ |A |

|A | +---+Figure HH, ALL (@!-@e':, Gi7 n"n-em$7: (@!-@e': 'e(@)7

SELECT * ANSWER S0B-#ROM 7a!)e% ======= RESLTWERE 7%a = ALL T%A T%B +---+ 2SELECT 7! --- -- |TB|

#ROM 7a!)e A AA |---| WERE 7! = 5153/ B BB +---+ C CCFigure HH?, ALL (@!-@e':, Gi7 em$7: (@!-@e': 'e(@)7

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% ======WERE 7%a = ALL & '"G(



2SELECT 7! #ROM 7a!)e S-% S- TABLE% TABLE WERE 7! = 5153 RESLT RESLT +-------+ +-----------+ AND & 4 +---+ +---+ |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 |TB| |2*3| |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e |---| |---| |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7! = 5153/ +---+ |& | |B |BB | |B |A | - | +---+ |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure HH, ALL (@!-@e':, Gi7 e7'a >e> 9"' em$7: (e7

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE E1ISTS T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT * --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | B BB |B |BB | |B |A | - | C CC |C |CC | +-----------+

+-------+ - = n@))Figure HH, E1ISTS (@!-@e':, a)Ga:( 'e7@'n( a ma7>

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% ======WERE E1ISTS & '"G( 2SELECT * #ROM 7a!)e WERE 7! = 5153/Figure HHH, E1ISTS (@!-@e':, a)Ga:( 'e7@'n( a n"n-ma7>

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE E1ISTS T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7! = 5153/ B BB |B |BB | |B |A | - |

C CC |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure HH, E1ISTS (@!-@e':, a)Ga:( 'e7@'n( a ma7>

SELECT * ANSWERS TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE NOT E1ISTS T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT * --- --- |---|---| |---|---|---|

#ROM 7a!)e A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7> = 5A5 |B |BB | |B |A | - | AND 7> 4 7%a3/ |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@)) SELECT *#ROM 7a!)e%WERE 7%a = ALL 2SELECT 7> #ROM 7a!)e

WERE 7> = 5A53/Figure HH, NOT E1ISTS 8(. ALL, i<n"'e n@))(, 9ind ma7>

SELECT * ANSWERS TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE NOT E1ISTS T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT * --- --- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A |

WERE 7> = 515 B BB |B |BB | |B |A | - | AND 7> 4 7%a3/ C CC |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@)) SELECT *#ROM 7a!)e%WERE 7%a = ALL 2SELECT 7> #ROM 7a!)e WERE 7> = 5153/Figure HHK, NOT E1ISTS 8(. ALL, i<n"'e n@))(, n" ma7>

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE NOT E1ISTS T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT * --- --- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7> 4 7%a3/ |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% =======

WERE 7%a = ALL n" '"G( 2SELECT 7> #ROM 7a!)e3/Figure H&, NOT E1ISTS 8(. ALL, $'">e(( n@))(

SELECT * SELECT * SELECT *#ROM 7a!)e #ROM 7a!)e #ROM 7a!)eWERE 7> 4 5A5/ WERE 7> 4 5B5/ WERE 7> 4 5C5/



ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER=========== =========== ===========TA TB TC TA TB TC TA TB TC--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---n" '"G( A A A A A AFigure H%, Li(7 "9 8a)@e( in TC 4 T%A 8a)@e

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE NOT E1ISTS n" '"G( |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT * |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7> 4 7%a |B |BB | |B |A | - | OR 7> IS N0LL3/ |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure H, NOT E1ISTS - (ame a( ALL

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE 7%a IN T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7a --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | B BB |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure H?, IN (@!-@e': eam$)e, 7G" ma7>e(

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% ======WERE 7%a IN & '"G( 2SELECT 7a #ROM 7a!)e WERE 7a = 5153/Figure H, IN (@!-@e': eam$)e, n" ma7>e(

SELECT * ANSWERS TABLE#ROM 7a!)e =========== +-----------+WERE 7> IN TA TB TC |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7> --- --- --- |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ A A A |A |A |A | |B |A | - |SELECT * +-----------+



#ROM 7a!)e - = n@))WERE 7> = AN 2SELECT 7> #ROM 7a!)e3/Figure H, IN and = AN (@!-@e': eam$)e(, Gi7 n@))(

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ====== +-------+ +-----------+WERE 7%a NOT IN & '"G( |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7> |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ |A |AA | |A |A |A | |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure HH, NOT IN (@!-@e': eam$)e, n" ma7>e(

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE 7%a NOT IN T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7> --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e B BB |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7> IS NOT N0LL3/ C CC |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure H, NOT IN (@!-@e': eam$)e, ma7>e(

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE NOT E1ISTS T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT * --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e B BB |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7%a = 7>3/ C CC |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure H, NOT E1ISTS (@!-@e': eam$)e, ma7>e(

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE 7%a IN T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7a --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | B BB |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+



+-------+ - = n@))Figure HK, 0n>"''e)a7ed (@!-@e':

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+

WERE 7%a IN T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7a --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7%a = 7a3/ B BB |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure H&, C"''e)a7ed (@!-@e':

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE#ROM 7a!)e aa =========== +-----------+WERE E1ISTS TA TB TC |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT * --- --- --- |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e !! A A A |A |A |A | WERE aa.7a = !!.7!3/ |B |A | - | +-----------+ - = n@))Figure H%,C"''e)a7ed (@!-@e':, Gi7 >"''e)a7i"n name(

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ====== +-------+ +-----------+WERE 27%a,7%!3 IN & '"G( |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7a, 7! |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ |A |AA | |A |A |A | |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% ======WERE E1ISTS & '"G( 2SELECT *

#ROM 7a!)e WERE 7%a = 7a AND 7%! = 7!3/Figure H, M@)7i-9ie)d (@!-@e'ie(, e@a) >e>(

SELECT * ANSWER TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% ======= +-------+ +-----------+WERE E1ISTS T%A T%B |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC|

2SELECT * --- -- |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e A AA |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7%a = 7a B BB |B |BB | |B |A | - | AND 7%! = 7!3/ |C |CC | +-----------+ +-------+ - = n@))Figure H?, M@)7i-9ie)d (@!-@e':, Gi7 n"n-e@a) >e>

SELECT em$n" ANSWER ,)a(7name ========================= ,(a)a': EMPNO LASTNAME SALAR#ROM em$)":ee ------ --------- --------WERE (a)a': &&&&%& AAS &.&& 2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 &&&%%& L0CCESSI H&&.&& #ROM em$)":ee WERE em$n" NOT IN 2SELECT em$n" #ROM em$_a>7 WERE $'"n" LIE 5MAF533

ORDER B %/Figure H, Ne(7ed S@!-@e'ie(

SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( ANSWER ,MA12de$7n"3 AS mad$7 =============#ROM de$a'7men7 ROWS MA1DEPTWERE de$7name LIE 5F5 ----- -------ORDER B %/ & n@))Figure H, ;e77in< a n@)) 8a)@e 9'"m a n"7 n@)) 9ie)d

SELECT * TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% 7% +-------+ +-----------+WERE & = |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e 7 |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7>3/ |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+

SELECT * +-------+ - = n@))#ROM 7a!)e% 7%WERE NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT * ANSWER #ROM 7a!)e 7 ======= WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7>3/ T%A T%B --- ---SELECT * B BB#ROM 7a!)e% C CCWERE 7%a NOT IN 2SELECT 7> #ROM 7a!)e WERE 7> IS NOT N0LL3/



Figure HH, S@!-@e'ie(, 7'@e i9 n"ne ma7>

SELECT 7%.* ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% 7% =======LE#T O0TER JOIN T%A T%B

7a!)e 7 --- ---ON 7%.7%a = 7.7> B BBWERE 7.7> IS N0LL/ C CCFigure H, O@7e' "in, 7'@e i9 n"ne ma7>

SELECT * TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% 7% +-------+ +-----------+WERE E1ISTS |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC|

2SELECT * |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e 7 |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7>3/ |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+SELECT * +-------+ - = n@))#ROM 7a!)e% 7%WERE % 4= 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 ANSWER #ROM 7a!)e 7 ======= WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7>3/ T%A T%B --- ---SELECT * A AA#ROM 7a!)e%WERE 7%a = AN

2SELECT 7> #ROM 7a!)e3/ SELECT *#ROM 7a!)e%WERE 7%a = SOME 2SELECT 7> #ROM 7a!)e3/ SELECT *#ROM 7a!)e%WERE 7%a IN 2SELECT 7>

#ROM 7a!)e3/Figure H, S@!-@e'ie(, 7'@e i9 an: ma7>

WIT 7 AS TABLE% TABLE2SELECT DISTINCT 7> +-------+ +-----------+ #ROM 7a!)e |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC|3 |---|---| |---|---|---|SELECT 7%.* |A |AA | |A |A |A |



#ROM 7a!)e% 7% |B |BB | |B |A | - | ,7 |C |CC | +-----------+WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7>/ +-------+ - = n@)) SELECT 7%.*#ROM 7a!)e% 7% ANSWER ,2SELECT DISTINCT 7> ======= #ROM 7a!)e T%A T%B 3AS 7 --- ---WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7>/ A AA

SELECT 7%.*#ROM 7a!)e% 7%INNER JOIN 2SELECT DISTINCT 7> #ROM 7a!)e 3AS 7ON 7%.7%a = 7.7>/Figure HK, J"in(, 7'@e i9 an: ma7>

SELECT * TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% 7% +-------+ +-----------+WERE %& = |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e 7 |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7!3/ |B |BB | |B |A | - | |C |CC | +-----------+SELECT * +-------+ - = n@))#ROM 7a!)e%WERE E1ISTS 2SELECT 7! ANSWER #ROM 7a!)e ======

WERE 7%a = 7! & '"G( ;RO0P B 7! A6IN; CO0NT2*3 = %&3/ SELECT *#ROM 7a!)e%WERE 7%a IN 2SELECT 7! #ROM 7a!)e ;RO0P B 7! A6IN; CO0NT2*3 = %&3/Figure HK&, S@!-@e'ie(, 7'@e i9 7en ma7> 2% "9 3

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% ======WERE 27%a,%&3 IN & '"G( 2SELECT 7!, CO0NT2*3 #ROM 7a!)e ;RO0P B 7!3/Figure HK%, S@!-@e'ie(, 7'@e i9 7en ma7> 2 "9 3



WIT 7 AS TABLE% TABLE 2SELECT 7! +-------+ +-----------+ #ROM 7a!)e |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| ;RO0P B 7! |---|---| |---|---|---| A6IN; CO0NT2*3 = %& |A |AA | |A |A |A |

3 |B |BB | |B |A | - |SELECT 7%.* |C |CC | +-----------+#ROM 7a!)e% 7% +-------+ - = n@)) ,7WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7!/

ANSWERSELECT 7%.* ======#ROM 7a!)e% 7% & '"G( ,2SELECT 7! #ROM 7a!)e ;RO0P B 7! A6IN; CO0NT2*3 = %&

3AS 7WERE 7%.7%a = 7.7!/

SELECT 7%.*#ROM 7a!)e% 7%INNER JOIN 2SELECT 7! #ROM 7a!)e ;RO0P B 7! A6IN; CO0NT2*3 = %& 3AS 7ON 7%.7%a = 7.7!/Figure HK, J"in(, 7'@e i9 7en ma7>

SELECT * TABLE% TABLE#ROM 7a!)e% +-------+ +-----------+WERE 7%a = ALL |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7! |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e3/ |A |AA | |A |A |A | |B |BB | |B |A | - |SELECT * |C |CC | +-----------+

#ROM 7a!)e% +-------+ - = n@))WERE NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT * ANSWER #ROM 7a!)e ======= WERE 7%a 4 7!3/ T%A T%B --- --- A AAFigure HK?, S@!-@e'ie(, 7'@e i9 a)) ma7>, 9ind '"G(



SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 7a!)e% =======WERE 7%a = ALL T%A T%B 2SELECT 7! --- --- #ROM 7a!)e A AA WERE 7! = 5153/ B BB C CCSELECT *#ROM 7a!)e%

WERE NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT * #ROM 7a!)e WERE 7%a 4 7! AND 7! = 5153/Figure HK, S@!-@e'ie(, 7'@e i9 a)) ma7>, em$7: (e7

SELECT * TABLE% TABLE

#ROM 7a!)e% +-------+ +-----------+WERE 7%a = ALL |T%A|T%B| |TA|TB|TC| 2SELECT 7! |---|---| |---|---|---| #ROM 7a!)e |A |AA | |A |A |A | WERE 7! = 5153 |B |BB | |B |A | - | AND & 4 |C |CC | +-----------+ 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 +-------+ - = n@)) #ROM 7a!)e WERE 7! = 5153/ ANSWER ======SELECT * & '"G(#ROM 7a!)e%WERE 7%a IN 2SELECT MA127!3

#ROM 7a!)e WERE 7! = 515 A6IN; CO0NT2DISTINCT 7!3 = %3/Figure HK, S@!-@e'ie(, 7'@e i9 a)) ma7>, and a7 )ea(7 "ne 8a)@e 9"@nd

R% R% R% R% R% R% 0NION 0NION INTERSECT INTERSECT E1CEPT E1CEPT R ALL R ALL R ALL

R% R R R R-- -- ----- ----- --------- ----- ------ ------A A A A A A E AA A B A B A CA B C A C B CB B D A B EB B E A CC C BC D BC BE B B C



C C C D EFigure HKH, Eam$)e( "9 0ni"n, E>e$7, and In7e'(e>7

Figure HK, 0ni"n, E>e$7, and In7e'(e>7 (:n7a

CREATE 6IEW R% 2R%3 AS 6AL0ES 25A53,25A53,25A53,25B53,25B53,25C53,25C53,25C53,25E53/CREATE 6IEW R 2R3 AS 6AL0ES 25A53,25A53,25B53,25B53,25B53,25C53,25D53/ ANSWER

======SELECT R% R% R#ROM R% -- --ORDER B R%/ A A A ASELECT R A B#ROM R B BORDER B R/ B B C C C D C EFigure HK, @e': (am$)e 8ieG(

SELECT R% R% R 0NION 0NION ALL#ROM R% -- -- ===== =========0NION A A A ASELECT R A A B A#ROM R A B C AORDER B %/ B B D A B B E A C C B

SELECT R% C D B#ROM R% C B0NION ALL E BSELECT R B#ROM R CORDER B %/ C C C D EFigure HKK, 0ni"n and 0ni"n A)) SL



SELECT R% R% R INTERSECT INTERSECT ALL#ROM R% -- -- ========= =============INTERSECT A A A ASELECT R A A B A#ROM R A B C BORDER B %/ B B B

B B CSELECT R% C C#ROM R% C DINTERSECT ALL CSELECT R E#ROM RORDER B %/Figure &&, In7e'(e>7 and In7e'(e>7 A)) SL

SELECT R% R% R%#ROM R% E1CEPT E1CEPT ALLE1CEPT R% R R RSELECT R -- -- ===== ==========#ROM R A A E AORDER B %/ A A C A B CSELECT R% B B E#ROM R% B BE1CEPT ALL C CSELECT R C D#ROM R CORDER B %/ EFigure &%, E>e$7 and E>e$7 A)) SL 2R% "n 7"$3

SELECT R R R#ROM R E1CEPT E1CEPT ALLE1CEPT R% R R% R%SELECT R% -- -- ===== ==========#ROM R% A A D BORDER B %/ A A D

A BSELECT R B B#ROM R B BE1CEPT ALL C CSELECT R% C D#ROM R% CORDER B %/ EFigure &, E>e$7 and E>e$7 A)) SL 2R "n 7"$3



SELECT R% 2SELECT R% SELECT R% R% R#ROM R% #ROM R% #ROM R% -- --0NION 0NION 0NION A ASELECT R SELECT R 2SELECT R A A#ROM R #ROM R #ROM R A BE1CEPT 3E1CEPT E1CEPT B BSELECT R SELECT R SELECT R B B#ROM R #ROM R #ROM R C CORDER B %/ ORDER B %/ 3ORDER B %/ C D

C EANSWER ANSWER ANSWER====== ====== ======E E A B C EFigure &?, 0(e "9 $a'en7e(i( in 0ni"n

CREATE TABLE (a)e(_da7a_&&2(a)e(_da7e DATE NOT N0LL,dai):_(e INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>@(7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,am"@n7 DEC2%&,3 NOT N0LL,in8"i>e INTE;ER NOT N0LL,(a)e(_'e$ CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,CONSTRAINT C CEC 2EAR2(a)e(_da7e3 = &&3,PRIMAR E 2(a)e(_da7e, dai):_(e33/ CREATE TABLE (a)e(_da7a_&&?2(a)e(_da7e DATE NOT N0LL

,dai):_(e INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>@(7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,am"@n7 DEC2%&,3 NOT N0LL,in8"i>e INTE;ER NOT N0LL,(a)e(_'e$ CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,CONSTRAINT C CEC 2EAR2(a)e(_da7e3 = &&?3,PRIMAR E 2(a)e(_da7e, dai):_(e33/ CREATE 6IEW (a)e(_da7a ASSELECT *#ROM (a)e(_da7a_&&0NION ALLSELECT *

#ROM (a)e(_da7a_&&?/Figure &, De9ine 8ieG 7" >"m!ine :ea'): 7a!)e(

INSERT INTO (a)e(_da7a 6AL0ES 25&&-%%-5,%,%?,%&&.%&,KKH,5S0E53 ,25&&-%%-5,,%?,%&&.%&,KK,5JON53 ,25&&?-&%-&%5,%,%?,%&&.%&,KK,5#RED53 ,25&&?-&%-&%5,,%?,%&&.%&,KKK,5#RED53/

0PDATE (a)e(_da7aSET am"@n7 = am"@n7 WERE (a)e(_'e$ = 5JON5/ DELETE#ROM (a)e(_da7aWERE (a)e(_da7e = 5&&?-&%-&%5 AND dai):_(e = /Figure &, In(e'7, @$da7e, and de)e7e @(in< 8ieG

SALES_DATE DAIL_SE C0ST_ID AMO0NT IN6OICE SALES_REP---------- ---------- ------- ------ -------- ---------&%&%&&? % %? %&&.%& KK #RED%%&& % %? %&&.%& KKH S0E%%&& %? &.& KK JONFigure &H, 6ieG >"n7en7( a97e' in(e'7, @$da7e, de)e7e

CREATE TABLE (7a99_(@mma': AS 2SELECT de$7 ,CO0NT2*3 AS >"@n7_'"G( ,S0M2id3 AS (@m_id #ROM (7a99 ;RO0P B de$73DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES IMMEDIATE/Figure &, Sam$)e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e DDL

ORI;INAL 0ER OPTIMIED 0ER============== =================================SELECT de$7 SELECT %.de$7 AS de$7 ,A6;2id3 ,%.(@m_id %.>"@n7_'"G(#ROM (7a99 #ROM (7a99_(@mma': AS %;RO0P B de$7Figure &, O'i<ina) and "$7imiQed @e'ie(

Figure &K, Ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e DDL, (:n7a dia<'am

MATERIALIED 0ER TABLE ALLOWABLE ACTIONS ON TABLE========================== =====================================

RE#RES MAINTAINED B RE#RES TABLE INSERT0PDATEDELETE========= ============= ============= ====================DE#ERRED SSTEM :e( n" 0SER n" :e(IMMEDIATE SSTEM :e( n"Figure %&, Ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e "$7i"n( 8(. a))"Ga!)e a>7i"n(

0PDATE DATABASE CON#I;0RATION 0SIN; d97_'e9'e(_a<e AN/Figure %%, Can<in< de9a@)7 'e9'e( a<e 9"' da7a!a(e

Figure %, Se7 'e9'e( a<e >"mmand, (:n7a

SET C0RRENT RE#RES A;E &/SET C0RRENT RE#RES A;E = AN/SET C0RRENT RE#RES A;E = KKKKKKKKKKKKKK/Figure %?, Se7 'e9'e( a<e >"mmand, eam$)e(

0PDATE DATABASE CON#I;0RATION 0SIN; d97_'e9'e(_a<e AN/Figure %, Can<in< de9a@)7 main7ained 7:$e 9"' da7a!a(e

Figure %,Se7 main7ained 7:$e >"mmand, (:n7a

SET C0RRENT MAINTAINED TPES = ALL/SET C0RRENT MAINTAINED TABLE TPES = SSTEM/SET C0RRENT MAINTAINED TABLE TPES #OR OPTIMIATION = 0SER, SSTEM/Figure %H, Se7 main7ained 7:$e >"mmand, eam$)e(

0PDATE DATABASE CON#I;0RATION 0SIN; D#T_0EROPT /

Figure %, Can<in< de9a@)7 main7ained 7:$e 9"' da7a!a(e

Figure %,Se7 main7ained 7:$e >"mmand, (:n7a

SET C0RRENT 0ER OPTIMIATION = K/Figure %K, Se7 @e': "$7imiQa7i"n, eam$)e

MT DE#INITION DATABASEAPPLICATION STAT0S DB

========================== =================================== 0SERE#RES MAINTAINED-B RE#RES-A;E MAINTAINED-TPE MT========= ============== =========== ===================== ===IMMEDIATE SSTEM - - e(DE#ERRED SSETM AN ALL "' SSTEM e(DE#ERRED 0SER AN ALL "' 0SER e(DE#ERRED #EDERATED-TOOL AN ALL "' #EDERATED-TOOL e(Figure &, Wen DB Gi)) >"n(ide' @(in< a ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e

SELECT C0RRENT RE#RES A;E AS a<e_7( ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP AS >@''en7_7( ,C0RRENT 0ER OPTIMIATION AS _"$7#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/Figure %, Se)e>7in< ($e>ia) 'e<i(7e'(

CREATE TABLE (7a99_name( AS 2SELECT de$7

,CO0NT2*3 AS >"@n7_'"G( ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (@m_(a)a': ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS a8<_(a)a': ,MA12(a)a':3 AS ma_(a)a': ,MIN2(a)a':3 AS min_(a)a': ,STDDE62(a)a':3 AS (7d_(a)a': ,6ARIANCE2(a)a':3 AS 8a'_(a)a': ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP AS )a(7_>an<e #ROM (7a99 WERE TRANSLATE2name3 LIE 5FAF5 AND (a)a': %&&&& ;RO0P B de$7 A6IN; CO0NT2*3 = %

3DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES DE#ERRED/Figure , Re9'e( de9e''ed ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e DDL

CREATE TABLE em$_(@mma': AS 2SELECT em$.G"'de$7

,CO0NT2*3 AS n@m_'"G( ,CO0NT2em$.(a)a':3 AS n@m_(a)a': ,S0M2em$.(a)a':3 AS (@m_(a)a': ,CO0NT2em$.>"mm3 AS n@m_>"mm ,S0M2em$.>"mm3 AS (@m_>"mm #ROM em$)":ee em$ ;RO0P B em$.G"'de$73DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES IMMEDIATE/Figure ?, Re9'e( immedia7e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e DDL

SELECT em$.G"'de$7 ,DEC2S0M2em$.(a)a':3,,3 AS (@m_(a) ,DEC2A6;2em$.(a)a':3,,3 AS a8<_(a) ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2em$.>"mm33 AS >"mm( ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS em$(#ROM em$)":ee em$WERE em$.G"'de$7 5C5;RO0P B em$.G"'de$7A6IN; CO0NT2*3 4 AND S0M2em$.(a)a':3 &&&&ORDER B (@m_(a) DESC/Figure , @e': 7a7 @(e( ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e 2% "9 ?3

SELECT em$.G"'de$7 ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G(#ROM em$)":ee em$WERE em$.G"'de$7 IN 2SELECT de$7n" #ROM de$a'7men7 WERE de$7name LIE 5FSF53

;RO0P B em$.G"'de$7A6IN; S0M2(a)a':3 &&&&/Figure , @e': 7a7 @(e( ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e 2 "9 ?3

SELECT em$( ,DEC2S0M2(@m_(a)3,K,3 AS (a)_(a) ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS de$7(#ROM 2SELECT em$.G"'de$7



,DEC2S0M2em$.(a)a':3,,3 AS (@m_(a) ,MA12em$.(a)a':3 AS ma_(a) ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS em$( #ROM em$)":ee em$ ;RO0P B em$.G"'de$7 3AS 111;RO0P B em$(A6IN; CO0NT2*3 %ORDER B em$(#ETC #IRST ? ROWS ONL

OPTIMIE #OR ? ROWS/Figure H, @e': 7a7 @(e( ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e 2? "9 ?3

CREATE TABLE (7a99_a))2id SMALLINT NOT N0LL,name 6ARCAR2K3 NOT N0LL,"! CAR23,(a)a': DECIMAL2,3

,PRIMAR E2id33/Figure , C'ea7e ("@'>e 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE (7a99_a))_d@$ AS 2SELECT * #ROM (7a99_a))3DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES IMMEDIATE/Figure , C'ea7e d@$)i>a7e da7a 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE (7a99_a))_d@$_("me AS 2SELECT * #ROM (7a99_a)) WERE id 4 ?&3DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES IMMEDIATE/Figure K, C'ea7e 7a!)e - d@$)i>a7e >e'7ain '"G( "n):

CREATE TABLE (7a99_7"_9i'e2id SMALLINT NOT N0LL,name 6ARCAR2K3 NOT N0LL,de$7 SMALLINT,PRIMAR E2id33/Figure ?&, C'ea7e ("@'>e 7a!)e



CREATE TABLE (7a99_>"m!" AS 2SELECT aaa.id AS id% ,aaa."! AS "! ,999.id a( id ,999.de$7 AS de$7 #ROM (7a99_a)) aaa ,(7a99_7"_9i'e 999

WERE aaa.id = 999.id3DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES IMMEDIATE/Figure ?%, Ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e "n "in

SELECT em$.G"'de$7 ,DEC2S0M2em$.(a)a':3,,3 AS (@m_(a) ,MA12em$.(a)a':3 AS ma_(a)#ROM em$)":ee em$

;RO0P B em$.G"'de$7/Figure ?, @e': 7a7 d"e(n57 @(e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e 2% "9 3

SELECT em$.G"'de$7 ,DEC2S0M2em$.(a)a':3,,3 AS (@m_(a) ,CO0NT2DISTINCT (a)a':3 AS (a)a'ie(#ROM em$)":ee em$;RO0P B em$.G"'de$7/Figure ??, @e': 7a7 d"e(n57 @(e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e 2 "9 3

RE#RES TABLE em$_(@mma':/COMMIT/ SET INTE;RIT #OR em$_(@mma': iMMEDIATE CECED/COMMIT/Figure ?, Ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e 'e9'e( >"mmand(

CREATE TABLE de$7_em$_(@mma': AS 2SELECT em$.G"'de$7 ,d$7.de$7name ,CO0NT2*3 AS n@m_'"G( ,CO0NT2em$.(a)a':3 AS n@m_(a)a': ,S0M2em$.(a)a':3 AS (@m_(a)a': ,CO0NT2em$.>"mm3 AS n@m_>"mm ,S0M2em$.>"mm3 AS (@m_>"mm

#ROM em$)":ee em$ ,de$a'7men7 d$7 WERE d$7.de$7n" = em$.G"'de$7 ;RO0P B em$.G"'de$7 ,d$7.de$7name3DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES IMMEDIATE/Figure ?, M@)7i-7a!)e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e DDL

SELECT d.de$7name ,d.de$7n" ,DEC2A6;2e.(a)a':3,,3 AS a8<_(a) ,SMALLINT2CO0NT2*33 AS em$(#ROM de$a'7men7 d ,em$)":ee eWERE e.G"'de$7 = d.de$7n" AND d.de$7name LIE 5FSF5;RO0P B d.de$7name ,d.de$7n"

A6IN; S0M2e.>"mm3 &&&ORDER B a8<_(a) DESC/Figure ?H, @e': 7a7 @(e( ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e

SELECT .UC& AS de$7name ,.UC% AS de$7n" ,.UC AS a8<_(a) ,.UC? AS em$(#ROM 2SELECT %.de$7name AS UC&

,%.G"'de$7 AS UC% ,DEC22%.(@m_(a)a': %.n@m_(a)a':3,,3 AS UC ,SMALLINT2%.n@m_'"G(3 AS UC? #ROM de$7_em$_(@mma': AS % WERE 2%.de$7name LIE 5FSF53 AND 2&&& 4 %.(@m_>"mm3 3AS ORDER B .UC DESC/Figure ?, DB <ene'a7ed @e': 7" @(e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE d$7_em$_a>7_(@m': AS 2SELECT em$.G"'de$7 ,d$7.de$7name ,em$.em$n" ,em$.9i'(7nme ,S0M2a>7.em$7ime3 AS (@m_7ime ,CO0NT2a>7.em$7ime3 AS n@m_7ime ,CO0NT2*3 AS n@m_'"G( #ROM de$a'7men7 d$7 ,em$)":ee em$ ,em$_a>7 a>7

WERE d$7.de$7n" = em$.G"'de$7 AND em$.em$n" = a>7.em$n" ;RO0P B em$.G"'de$7 ,d$7.de$7name ,em$.em$n" ,em$.9i'(7nme3DATA INITIALL DE#ERRED RE#RES IMMEDIATE/Figure ?, T'ee-7a!)e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e DDL

SELECT d.de$7n" ,d.de$7name ,DEC2A6;2a.em$7ime3,,3 AS a8<_7ime#ROM de$a'7men7 d ,em$)":ee e ,em$_a>7 aWERE d.de$7n" = e.G"'de$7 AND e.em$n" = a.em$n" AND d.de$7name LIE 5FSF5

AND e.9i'(7nme LIE 5FSF5;RO0P B d.de$7n" ,d.de$7nameORDER B ? DESC/Figure ?K, @e': 7a7 @(e( ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e

SELECT .UC& AS de$7n" ,.UC% AS de$7name ,.UC AS a8<_7ime

#ROM 2SELECT ?.UC? AS UC& ,?.UC AS UC% ,DEC22?.UC% ?.UC&3,,3 AS UC #ROM 2SELECT S0M2.UC3 AS UC& ,S0M2.UC?3 AS UC% ,.UC& AS UC ,.UC% AS UC? #ROM 2SELECT %.de$7name AS UC& ,%.G"'de$7 AS UC% ,%.n@m_7ime AS UC ,%.(@m_7ime AS UC? #ROM d$7_em$_a>7_(@m': AS % WERE 2%.9i'(7nme LIE 5FSF53

AND 2%.DEPTNAME LIE 5FSF53 3AS ;RO0P B .UC% ,.UC& 3AS ? 3AS ORDER B .UC DESC/Figure &, DB <ene'a7ed @e': 7" @(e ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e

CREATE INDE1 d$7_em$_a>7_(@m% ON d$7_em$_a>7_(@m': 2G"'de$7 ,de$7name ,em$n" ,9i'(7nme3/ CREATE INDE1 d$7_em$_a>7_(@m ON d$7_em$_a>7_(@m':

2n@m_'"G(3/Figure %, Indee( 9"' DPT_EMP_ACT_S0MR ma7e'ia)iQed @e': 7a!)e

SELECT d.de$7n" ,d.de$7name ,e.em$n" ,e.9i'(7nme ,INT2A6;2a.em$7ime33 AS a8<_7ime

#ROM de$a'7men7 d ,em$)":ee e ,em$_a>7 aWERE d.de$7n" = e.G"'de$7 AND e.em$n" = a.em$n" AND d.de$7n" LIE 5DF5;RO0P B d.de$7n" ,d.de$7name ,e.em$n" ,e.9i'(7nmeORDER B %,,?,/Figure , Sam$)e @e': 7a7 @(e WORDEPT inde

SELECT d.de$7n" ,d.de$7name ,e.em$n" ,e.9i'(7nme ,CO0NT2*3 AS a>7(#ROM de$a'7men7 d ,em$)":ee e ,em$_a>7 aWERE d.de$7n" = e.G"'de$7

AND e.em$n" = a.em$n";RO0P B d.de$7n" ,d.de$7name ,e.em$n" ,e.9i'(7nmeA6IN; CO0NT2*3 ORDER B %,,?,/Figure ?, Sam$)e @e': 7a7 @(e( N0M_ROWS inde

Figure , Iden7i7: C")@mn (:n7a

CREATE TABLE in8"i>e_da7a2in8"i>e INTE;ER NOT N0LL

;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT 2START WIT % ,INCREMENT B % ,NO MA16AL0E ,NO CCLE ,ORDER3,(a)e_da7e DATE NOT N0LL,>@(7"me'_id CAR2&3 NOT N0LL,$'"d@>7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,@an7i7: INTE;ER NOT N0LL,$'i>e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2in8"i>e33/Figure K, Iden7i7: >")@mn, (am$)e 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE 7e(7_da7a E #IELD - 6AL0ES ASSI;NED2e: SMALLINT NOT N0LL ============================ ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT % ? H K %& %% e7>.,da7% SMALLINT NOT N0LL,7(% TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E2e:33/Figure &, Iden7i7: >")@mn, a(>endin< (e@en>e

CREATE TABLE 7e(7_da7a E #IELD - 6AL0ES ASSI;NED2e: SMALLINT NOT N0LL ============================ ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT H ? & -? -H -K -% -% e7>. 2START WIT H ,INCREMENT B -? ,NO CCLE ,NO CACE ,ORDER3

,da7% SMALLINT NOT N0LL,7(% TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E2e:33/Figure %, Iden7i7: >")@mn, de(>endin< (e@en>e

CREATE TABLE 7e(7_da7a E 6AL0ES ASSI;NED2e: SMALLINT NOT N0LL ============================ ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT %? %? %? %? %? %? e7>.



2START WIT %? ,MA16AL0E % ,INCREMENT B & ,NO CCLE ,NO ORDER3,da7% SMALLINT NOT N0LL,7(% TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL3/Figure , Iden7i7: >")@mn, d@m! (e@en>e

CREATE TABLE 7e(7_da7a E 6AL0ES ASSI;NED2e: SMALLINT NOT N0LL ============================ ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT % ? H H H e7>. 2START WIT % ,INCREMENT B ,MA16AL0E H ,MIN6AL0E ,CCLE ,NO CACE

,ORDER3,da7% SMALLINT NOT N0LL,7(% TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL3/Figure ?, Iden7i7: >")@mn, "dd 8a)@e(, 7en e8en, 7en (7@>

CREATE TABLE in8"i>e_da7a2in8"i>e INTE;ER NOT N0LL ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT 2START WIT %&&

,INCREMENT B % ,NO CCLE ,ORDER3,(a)e_da7e DATE NOT N0LL,>@(7"me'_id CAR2&3 NOT N0LL,$'"d@>7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,@an7i7: INTE;ER NOT N0LL,$'i>e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2in8"i>e33/Figure , Iden7i7: >")@mn, de9ini7i"n

INSERT INTO in8"i>e_da7a6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5&&%-%%-5,5ABC5,%?,%&&,%&3/ SELECT in8"i>e ANSWER#ROM #INAL TABLE ========2INSERT INTO in8"i>e_da7a IN6OICE2(a)e_da7e,>@(7"me'_id,$'"d@>7_id,@an7i7:,$'i>e3 --------6AL0ES 25&&-%%-5,5DE#5,%?,%&&,%&3 %&% ,25&&?-%%-5,5;I5,%?,%&&,%&33/ %&Figure , In8"i>e 7a!)e, (am$)e in(e'7(



IN6OICE SALE_DATE C0STOMER_ID PROD0CT_ID 0ANTIT PRICE-------- ---------- ----------- --- ------ -------- ----- %&& &&%-%%- ABC %? %&& %&.&& %&% &&-%%- DE# %? %&& %&.&&

%& &&?-%%- ;I %? %&& %&.&&Figure H, In8"i>e 7a!)e, a97e' in(e'7(

ALTER TABLE in8"i>e_da7aALTER COL0MN in8"i>e RESTART WIT %&&& SET INCREMENT B /Figure , In8"i>e 7a!)e, 'e(7a'7 iden7i7: >")@mn 8a)@e

INSERT INTO in8"i>e_da7a6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5&&-%%-5,51115,%?,%&&,%&3 ,2DE#A0LT,5&&-%%-5,55,%?,%&&,%&3/Figure , In8"i>e 7a!)e, m"'e (am$)e in(e'7(

IN6OICE SALE_DATE C0STOMER_ID PROD0CT_ID 0ANTIT PRICE-------- ---------- ----------- ---------- -------- ----- %&& &&%-%%- ABC %? %&& %&.&& %&% &&-%%- DE# %? %&& %&.&& %& &&?-%%- ;I %? %&& %&.&& %&&& &&-%%- 111 %? %&& %&.&& %&& &&-%%- %? %&& %&.&&Figure K, In8"i>e 7a!)e, a97e' (e>"nd in(e'7(

Figure H&, Iden7i7: C")@mn a)7e' (:n7a

CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'(2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT 2NO CACE3

,>name CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,>7:$e CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@(733/COMMIT/ SELECT >@(7 ANSWER#ROM #INAL TABLE ======2INSERT INTO >@(7"me'( C0ST 6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5#RED5,5111533/ -----ROLLBAC/ %

SELECT >@(7 ANSWER#ROM #INAL TABLE ======2INSERT INTO >@(7"me'( C0ST 6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5#RED5,5111533/ -----COMMIT/ Figure H%, ;a$( in 6a)@e(, eam$)e

SELECT MIN2>@(73 AS min> ANSWER ,MA12>@(73 AS ma> ============== ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( MINC MA1C ROWS#ROM #INAL TABLE ---- ---- ----2INSERT INTO >@(7"me'( ? ? 6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5#RED5,553 ,2DE#A0LT,5DA6E5,5:::53 ,2DE#A0LT,5JON5,5QQQ533/Figure H, Se)e>7in< iden7i7: >")@mn 8a)@e( in(e'7ed

CREATE TABLE in8"i>e_7a!)e2in8"i>e INTE;ER NOT N0LL ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT,(a)e_da7e DATE NOT N0LL,>@(7"me'_id CAR2&3 NOT N0LL,$'"d@>7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,@an7i7: INTE;ER NOT N0LL,$'i>e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2in8"i>e33/COMMIT/ INSERT INTO in8"i>e_7a!)e

6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5&&&-%%-5,5ABC5,%?,%&&,%&3/ WIT 7em$ 2id3 AS 444 ANSWER26AL0ES 2IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL2333 ======SELECT * ID#ROM 7em$/ ---- %COMMIT/ WIT 7em$ 2id3 AS 444 ANSWER26AL0ES 2IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL2333 ======SELECT * ID#ROM 7em$/ ----

%Figure H?, IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

INSERT INTO in8"i>e_7a!)e6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5&&&-%%-?5,5ABC5,%?,%&&,%&3/

INSERT INTO in8"i>e_7a!)e6AL0ES 2DE#A0LT,5&&&-%%-5,5ABC5,%?,%&&,%&3 ,2DE#A0LT,5&&&-%%-5,5ABC5,%?,%&&,%&3/ ANSWER ==================SELECT in8"i>e AS in8 IN6 SALE_DATE ID ,(a)e_da7e ---- ---------- -- ,IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL23 AS id % %%&&& #ROM in8"i>e_7a!)e %%?&&& ORDER B %/ ? %%&&& COMMIT/ %%&&& Figure H, IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL 9@n>7i"n eam$)e(

SELECT in8"i>e AS in8 ANSWER ,(a)e_da7e ================== ,IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL23 AS id IN6 SALE_DATE ID#ROM in8"i>e_7a!)e ---- ---------- --WERE id = IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL23/ %%?&&& Figure H, IDENTIT_6AL_LOCAL @(a<e in $'edi>a7e

CREATE SE0ENCE 9'ed SE 6AL0ES ASSI;NED AS DECIMAL2?%3 ==================== START WIT %&& %&& %& %& %&H e7>. INCREMENT B NO MIN6AL0E NO MA16AL0E NO CCLE CACE & ORDER/Figure HH, C'ea7e (e@en>e

ALTER SE0ENCE 9'ed SE 6AL0ES ASSI;NED RESTART WIT - ==================== INCREMENT B - - -H& -H -& e7>. MIN6AL0E -%&&& MA16AL0E +%&&& NO CACE NO ORDER

CCLE/Figure H, A)7e' (e@en>e a77'i!@7e(

CREATE SE0ENCE !i<<e(7_(a)e_7"_da7e SE 6AL0ES ASSI;NED AS INTE;ER ====================

START WIT ?H ?H, ?H, e7>. INCREMENT B &/Figure H, Se@en>e 7a7 d"e(n57 >an<e

CREATE SE0ENCE 9'ed/ ANSWERCOMMIT/ ====== SEWIT 7em$% 2n%3 AS ----

26AL0ES % % 0NION ALL SELECT n% + % ? #ROM 7em$% WERE n% 4 3SELECT NE1T6AL #OR 9'ed AS (e#ROM 7em$%/Figure HK, Se)e>7in< 7e NE1T6AL

CREATE SE0ENCE 9'ed/ ANSWERSCOMMIT/ ======= WIT 7em$% 2$'83 AS === PR626AL0ES 2PRE66AL #OR 9'ed33 ---SELECT *#ROM 7em$%/ WIT 7em$% 2n73 AS === N1T26AL0ES 2NE1T6AL #OR 9'ed33 ---SELECT * %#ROM 7em$%/

WIT 7em$% 2$'83 AS === PR626AL0ES 2PRE66AL #OR 9'ed33 ---SELECT * %#ROM 7em$%/ WIT 7em$% 2n%3 AS === N1T PR626AL0ES % --- --- 0NION ALL % SELECT n% + % ? % #ROM 7em$% % WERE n% 4 %3 H %



SELECT NE1T6AL #OR 9'ed AS n7 ,PRE66AL #OR 9'ed AS $'8#ROM 7em$%/Figure &, 0(e "9 NE1T6AL and PRE66AL e$'e((i"n(

CREATE SE0ENCE 9'ed/ ANSWERSCOMMIT/ ======= WIT 7em$% AS === ID N1T2SELECT id -- --- ,NE1T6AL #OR 9'ed AS n7 & #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 %&&3SELECT *#ROM 7em$%WERE id = & + 2n7 * &3/

WIT 7em$% 2n7, $'83 AS === N1T PR626AL0ES 2NE1T6AL #OR 9'ed --- --- ,PRE66AL #OR 9'ed33 %& KSELECT *#ROM 7em$%/Figure %, NE1T6AL 8a)@e( @(ed !@7 n"7 'e7'ie8ed

CREATE SE0ENCE >@(7 START WIT %

INCREMENT B % NO MA16AL0E NO CCLE ORDER/ CREATE TABLE @(_>@(7"me'2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>name CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,9'(7_(a)e DATE NOT N0LL,(a)e( INTE;ER NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@(733/ CREATE TRI;;ER @(_>@(7_in(

NO CASCADE BE#ORE INSERT ON @(_>@(7"me'RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSLSET nnn.>@(7 = NE1T6AL #OR >@(7/ CREATE TABLE in7)_>@(7"me'2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>name CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,9'(7_(a)e DATE NOT N0LL,(a)e( INTE;ER NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@(733/ CREATE TRI;;ER in7)_>@(7_in(

ORDER/ CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>name CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,9'(7_(a)e DATE NOT N0LL,(a)e( INTE;ER NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@(733/ CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_de)_'"G(

A#TER DELETE ON >@(7"me'#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL WIT 7em$% 2n%3 AS 26AL0ES2%33 SELECT NE1T6AL #OR de)e7e_'"G( #ROM 7em$%/ CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_de)_(7m7(A#TER DELETE ON >@(7"me'#OR EAC STATEMENT MODE DBSL WIT 7em$% 2n%3 AS 26AL0ES2%33 SELECT NE1T6AL #OR de)e7e_(7m7( #ROM 7em$%/Figure H, C"@n7 de)e7e( d"ne 7" 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE (a)e(_in8"i>e2in8"i>e INTE;ER NOT N0LL,(a)e_da7e DATE NOT N0LL,>@(7"me'_id CAR2&3 NOT N0LL,$'"d@>7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,@an7i7: INTE;ER NOT N0LL,$'i>e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2in8"i>e33/Figure , Sam$)e 7a!)e, '")) :"@' "Gn (e@en>e

CREATE TRI;;ER (a)e(_in(e'7NO CASCADE BE#OREINSERT ON (a)e(_in8"i>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL

SET nnn.in8"i>e = 2SELECT COALESCE2MA12in8"i>e3,&3 + % #ROM (a)e(_in8"i>e3/Figure , Sam$)e 7'i<<e', '")) :"@' "Gn (e@en>e

INSERT INTO (a)e(_in8"i>e 6AL0ES 2&,5&&%-&H-5,5ABC5,%?,%&,%3/INSERT INTO (a)e(_in8"i>e 6AL0ES 2&,5&&%-&H-?5,5DE#5,?,%&,%3/COMMIT/



INSERT INTO (a)e(_in8"i>e 6AL0ES 2&,5&&%-&H-5,51115,,%&,%3/ROLLBAC/ INSERT INTO (a)e(_in8"i>e 6AL0ES 2&,5&&%-&H-5,55,KKK,%&,%3/COMMIT/ ANSWER ============================================================== IN6OICE SALE_DATE C0STOMER_ID PROD0CT_ID 0ANTIT PRICE -------- ---------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----

% &H&&% ABC %? %& %.&& &H?&&% DE# ? %& %.&& ? &H&&% KKK %& %.&&Figure K, Sam$)e in(e'7(, '")) :"@' "Gn (e@en>e

CREATE TABLE >"n7'")_7a!)e27a!)e_name CAR2%3 NOT N0LL,7a!)e_nm!' INTE;ER NOT N0LL

,PRIMAR E 27a!)e_name33/Figure &, C"n7'") Ta!)e, DDL

INSERT INTO >"n7'")_7a!)e 6AL0ES 25in8"i>e_7a!)e5,&3/INSERT INTO >"n7'")_7a!)e 6AL0ES 25nd_da7a_7!)e5,&3/INSERT INTO >"n7'")_7a!)e 6AL0ES 25?'d_da7a_7!)e5,&3/Figure %, C"n7'") Ta!)e, (am$)e in(e'7(

CREATE TABLE in8"i>e_7a!)e2@n8a) CAR2%?3 #OR BIT DATA NOT N0LL,in8"i>e INTE;ER,(a)e_da7e DATE NOT N0LL,>@(7"me'_id CAR2&3 NOT N0LL,$'"d@>7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,@an7i7: INTE;ER NOT N0LL,$'i>e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E2@n8a)33/

Figure , Sam$)e Da7a Ta!)e, DDL

CREATE TRI;;ER in8"i>e%NO CASCADE BE#ORE INSERT ON in8"i>e_7a!)eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL SET nnn.@n8a) = ;ENERATE_0NI0E23 ,nnn.in8"i>e = N0LL/

Figure ?, Be9"'e 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER in8"i>eA#TER INSERT ON in8"i>e_7a!)eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn

#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSLBE;IN ATOMIC 0PDATE >"n7'")_7a!)e SET 7a!)e_nm!' = 7a!)e_nm!' + % WERE 7a!)e_name = 5in8"i>e_7a!)e5/ 0PDATE in8"i>e_7a!)e SET in8"i>e = 2SELECT 7a!)e_nm!' #ROM >"n7'")_7a!)e WERE 7a!)e_name = 5in8"i>e_7a!)e53 WERE @n8a) = nnn.@n8a) AND in8"i>e IS N0LL/END

Figure , A97e' 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER in8"i>e?NO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# in8"i>e ON in8"i>e_7a!)eRE#ERENCIN; OLD AS """ NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSLWEN 2""".in8"i>e 4 nnn.in8"i>e3 SI;NAL SLSTATE 5%&&%5 25n" @$da7e( a))"Ged - :"@ 7Gi753/Figure , 0$da7e 7'i<<e'

SELECT id ,(a)a':#ROM 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B (a)a': DESC3 AS ("'de' #ROM (7a99 ( WERE id 4 && ANSWER

3AS =============WERE ("'de' BETWEEN AND ? ID SALARORDER B id/ --- -------- & &HK.& %& %%&.&&Figure H, Ne(7ed Ta!)e E$'e((i"n

WIT 2id, (a)a':, ("'de'3 AS

2SELECT ID ,(a)a': ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B (a)a': DESC3 AS ("'de' #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 &&3 ANSWERSELECT id ============= ,(a)a': ID SALAR#ROM --- --------WERE ("'de' BETWEEN AND ? & &HK.&

ORDER B id/ %& %%&.&&Figure , C"mm"n Ta!)e E$'e((i"n

WIT ANSWER'"G(_Gan7ed AS ================================ 2SELECT * ID NAME SALAR S0M_SAL PCT #ROM (7a99 -- ------- -------- -------- --- WERE id 4 %&& & R"7man %H&.? ?&.

AND 0CASE2name3 LIE 5FTF5 K& ""ni7Q %&&%. ?&. 3,(@m_(a)a': AS 2SELECT S0M2(a)a':3 AS (@m_(a) #ROM '"G(_Gan7ed3SELECT id ,name ,(a)a': ,(@m_(a) ,INT22(a)a': * %&&3 (@m_(a)3 AS $>7#ROM '"G(_Gan7ed ,(@m_(a)a':ORDER B id/Figure , C"mm"n Ta!)e E$'e((i"n

DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE (e((i"n.9'ed2de$7 SMALLINT NOT N0LL,a8<_(a)a': DEC2,3 NOT N0LL,n@m_em$( SMALLINT NOT N0LL3ON COMMIT PRESER6E ROWS/COMMIT/

INSERT INTO (e((i"n.9'edSELECT de$7 ,A6;2(a)a':3 ,CO0NT2*3 ANSWER%#ROM (7a99 ========WERE id && CNT;RO0P B de$7/ ---COMMIT/ SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >n7#ROM (e((i"n.9'ed/ ANSWER ==========================DELETE #ROM (e((i"n.9'ed DEPT A6;_SALAR N0M_EMPS

WERE de$7 &/ ---- ---------- -------- %& &%H.& ?SELECT * % %%H%.? ?#ROM (e((i"n.9'ed/ HH %%. Figure K, De>)a'ed ;)"!a) Tem$"'a': Ta!)e

WIT (7a99_de$7 AS ANSWER2SELECT de$7 AS de$7 ========================== ,MA12(a)a':3 AS ma_(a) ID DEPT SALAR MA1_SAL #ROM (7a99 --- ---- -------- -------- WERE de$7 4 & %& & %?.& %?.& ;RO0P B de$7 %K& & %. %?.&3 && %%&.H& %?.&SELECT id & % %H.& - ,de$7 ,(a)a': ,ma_(a)#ROM (7a99

LE#T O0TER JOIN (7a99_de$7ON de$7 = de$7WERE name LIE 5SF5ORDER B id/Figure K&, Iden7i>a) @e': 2% "9 ?3 - @(in< C"mm"n Ta!)e E$'e((i"n

SELECT id ANSWER ,de$7 ==========================

,(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR MA1_SAL ,ma_(a) --- ---- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 %& & %?.& %?.&LE#T O0TER JOIN %K& & %. %?.& 2SELECT de$7 AS de$7 && %%&.H& %?.& ,MA12(a)a':3 AS ma_(a) & % %H.& - #ROM (7a99 WERE de$7 4 & ;RO0P B de$7 3AS STA##_de$7ON de$7 = de$7WERE name LIE 5SF5ORDER B id/

Figure K%, Iden7i>a) @e': 2 "9 ?3 - @(in< 9@))-(e)e>7 in #ROM

SELECT id ANSWER ,de$7 ========================== ,(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR MA1_SAL ,2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 --- ---- -------- -------- #ROM (7a99 ( %& & %?.& %?.& WERE (%.de$7 = (.de$7 %K& & %. %?.&

AND (.de$7 4 & && %%&.H& %?.& ;RO0P B de$73 & % %H.& - AS ma_(a)#ROM (7a99 (%WERE name LIE 5SF5ORDER B id/Figure K, Iden7i>a) @e': 2? "9 ?3 - @(in< 9@))-(e)e>7 in SELECT

Figure K?, C"mm"n Ta!)e E$'e((i"n S:n7a

WIT 7em$% AS ANSWER2SELECT MA12name3 AS ma_name ================== ,MA12de$73 AS ma_de$7 MA1_NAME MA1_DEPT

#ROM (7a99 --------- --------3 ama<@>i SELECT *#ROM 7em$%/Figure K, C"mm"n Ta!)e E$'e((i"n, @(in< named 9ie)d(

WIT 7em$% 2ma_name,ma_de$73 AS ANSWER2SELECT MA12name3 ================== ,MA12de$73 MA1_NAME MA1_DEPT

#ROM (7a99 --------- --------3 ama<@>i SELECT *#ROM 7em$%/Figure K, C"mm"n Ta!)e E$'e((i"n, @(in< @nnamed 9ie)d(

WIT ANSWER7em$% AS ==========

2SELECT de$7 MA1_A6; ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS a8<_(a) ---------- #ROM (7a99 &H.H ;RO0P B de$73,7em$ AS 2SELECT MA12a8<_(a)3 AS ma_a8< #ROM 7em$%3SELECT *#ROM 7em$/Figure KH, @e': Gi7 7G" >"mm"n 7a!)e e$'e((i"n(

SELECT * ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT MA12a8<_(a)3 AS ma_a8< ========== #ROM 2SELECT de$7 MA1_A6; ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS a8<_(a) ---------- #ROM (7a99 &H.H ;RO0P B de$7 3AS 7em$%

3AS 7em$/Figure K, Same a( $'i"' eam$)e, !@7 @(in< ne(7ed 7a!)e e$'e((i"n(

WIT 7em$% AS ANSWER2SELECT id ========================== ,name ID DEPT SALAR MA1_SAL ,de$7 --- ---- -------- -------- ,(a)a': %& & %?.& %?.&

#ROM (7a99 %K& & %. %?.& WERE id 4 ?&& && %%&.H& %%&.H& AND de$7 4 & % %H.& %H.& AND name LIE 5SF5 AND de$7 NOT IN 2SELECT de$7n@m! #ROM "'< WERE di8i(i"n = 5SO0TERN5 OR )">a7i"n = 5ART#ORD533,7em$ AS2SELECT de$7 ,MA12(a)a':3 AS ma_(a) #ROM 7em$%

;RO0P B de$73SELECT 7%.id ,7%.de$7 ,7%.(a)a': ,7.ma_(a)#ROM 7em$% 7% ,7em$ 7WERE 7%.de$7 = 7.de$7ORDER B 7%.id/Figure K, De'i8in< (e>"nd 7em$"'a': 7a!)e 9'"m 9i'(7

INSERT INTO (7a99WIT 7em$% 2ma%3 AS2SELECT MA12id3 + % #ROM (7a993SELECT ma%,5A5,%,5B5,,?,#ROM 7em$%/Figure KK, In(e'7 @(in< >"mm"n 7a!)e e$'e((i"n

INSERT INTO (7a99SELECT MA12id3 + % ,5A5,%,5B5,,?,#ROM (7a99/Figure &&, E@i8a)en7 in(e'7 27" a!"8e3 Gi7"@7 >"mm"n 7a!)e e$'e((i"n

SELECT di8i(i"n ,DEC2A6;2de$7_a8<3,,3 AS di8_de$7 ,CO0NT2*3 AS d$7( ,S0M2em$(3 AS em$(#ROM 2SELECT di8i(i"n ,de$7 ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS de$7_a8<

,CO0NT2*3 AS em$( #ROM (7a99 ANSWER ,"'< ============================== WERE de$7 = de$7n@m! DI6ISION DI6_DEPT DPTS EMPS ;RO0P B di8i(i"n --------- -------- ----- ----- ,de$7 C"'$"'a7e &H.H % 3AS Ea(7e'n %H&.? ? %?;RO0P B di8i(i"n/ MidGe(7 %K&.% K We(7e'n %H.KK KFigure &%, Ne(7ed >")@mn 9@n>7i"n @(a<e

SELECT id ANSWER#ROM 2SELECT * ====== #ROM 2SELECT id, :ea'(, (a)a': ID #ROM 2SELECT * --- #ROM 2SELECT * %& #ROM (7a99 %& WERE de$7 4 ?& 3AS 7% WERE id 4 ?&& 3AS 7 WERE "! LIE 5CF5

3AS 7? WERE (a)a': 4 %&&& 3AS 7WERE :ea'( 4 /Figure &, Ne(7ed 9@))-(e)e>7(

SELECT a.id ANSWER ,a.de$7 =========================

,a.(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR A6;_DEPT ,DEC2!.a8<(a),,3 AS a8<_de$7 -- ---- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 a %& & %?.& %H&%.LE#T O0TER JOIN & & %%%. %H&%. 2SELECT de$7 AS de$7 ?& ? %&H. - ,A6;2(a)a':3 AS a8<(a) #ROM (7a99 ;RO0P B de$7 A6IN; A6;2(a)a':3 %H&&& 3AS !

ON a.de$7 = !.de$7WERE a.id 4 &ORDER B a.id/Figure &?, J"in 9@))-(e)e>7 7" 'ea) 7a!)e

SELECT a.id ANSWER ,a.de$7 ========================= ,a.(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR DEPTSAL

,!.de$7(a) -- ---- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 a %& & %?.& HH.%& ,TABLE & & %%%. HH.%& 2SELECT !.de$7 ?& ? %&H. . ,S0M2!.(a)a':3 AS de$7(a) #ROM (7a99 ! WERE !.de$7 = a.de$7 ;RO0P B !.de$7 3AS !WERE a.id 4 &ORDER B a.id/Figure &, #@))-(e)e>7 Gi7 e7e'na) 7a!)e 'e9e'en>e

SELECT a.id ANSWER ,a.de$7 ========================= ,a.(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR DEPTSAL ,!.de$7(a) -- ---- -------- --------#ROM (7a99 a %& & %?.& HH.%& ,2SELECT !.de$7 & & %%%. HH.%& ,S0M2!.(a)a':3 AS de$7(a) ?& ? %&H. . #ROM (7a99 ! ;RO0P B !.de$7

3AS !WERE a.id 4 & AND !.de$7 = a.de$7ORDER B a.id/Figure &, #@))-(e)e>7 Gi7"@7 e7e'na) 7a!)e 'e9e'en>e

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ====================



,2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 ID SALAR MA1SAL #ROM (7a99 -- -------- -------- 3 AS ma(a) %& %?.& KK.&#ROM (7a99 a & %%%. KK.&WERE id 4 H& ?& %&H. KK.&ORDER B id/ & %&&H.&& KK.& & &HK.& KK.&Figure &H, 0(e an @n>"''e)a7ed #@))-Se)e>7 in a SELECT )i(7

SELECT id ANSWER ,(a)a': ==================== ,2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 ID SALAR MA1SAL #ROM (7a99 ! -- -------- -------- WERE a.de$7 = !.de$7 %& %?.& %?.& 3 AS ma(a) & %%%. %?.&#ROM (7a99 a ?& %&H. %&&H.&&WERE id 4 H& & %&&H.&& %&&H.&&ORDER B id/ & &HK.& &HK.&

Figure &, 0(e a >"''e)a7ed #@))-Se)e>7 in a SELECT )i(7

SELECT id ANSWER ,de$7 ================================== ,(a)a': ID DEPT SALAR ,2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 -- ---- -------- -------- -------- #ROM (7a99 ! %& & %?.& %?.& KK.& WERE !.de$7 = a.de$73 & & %%%. %?.& KK.& ,2SELECT MA12(a)a':3 ?& ? %&H. %&&H.&& KK.&

#ROM (7a993 & ? %&&H.&& %&&H.&& KK.&#ROM (7a99 a & % &HK.& &HK.& KK.&WERE id 4 H&ORDER B id/Figure &, 0(e >"''e)a7ed and @n>"''e)a7ed #@))-Se)e>7( in a SELECT )i(7

INSERT INTO (7a99SELECT id + %

,2SELECT MIN2name3 #ROM (7a993 ,2SELECT de$7 #ROM (7a99 ( WERE (.id = (%.id - %&&3 ,5A5,%,,?#ROM (7a99 (%WERE id = 2SELECT MA12id3 #ROM (7a993/Figure &K, #@))-(e)e>7 in INSERT

Figure %, De>)a'e ;)"!a) Tem$"'a': Ta!)e - de9ine >")@mn(

DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE (e((i"n.9'edLIE (7a99 INCL0DIN; COL0MN DE#A0LTSWIT REPLACE

ON COMMIT PRESER6E ROWS/Figure %, De>)a'e ;)"!a) Tem$"'a': Ta!)e - )ie an"7e' 7a!)e

DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE (e((i"n.9'ed AS2SELECT de$7 ,MA12id3 AS ma_id ,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (@m_(a) #ROM (7a99

WERE name 4 5IDIOT5 ;RO0P B de$73DE#INITION ONLWIT REPLACE/Figure %H, De>)a'e ;)"!a) Tem$"'a': Ta!)e - )ie @e': "@7$@7

DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE (e((i"n.9'edLIE (7a99 INCL0DIN; COL0MN DE#A0LTSWIT REPLACE ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS/

CREATE 0NI0E INDE1 (e((i"n.9'ed ON Se((i"n.9'ed 2id3/ INSERT INTO (e((i"n.9'edSELECT *#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 &&/ ANSWERSELECT CO0NT2*3 ======#ROM (e((i"n.9'ed/ %K COMMIT/ ANSWER

SELECT CO0NT2*3 ======#ROM (e((i"n.9'ed/ &Figure %, Tem$"'a': 7a!)e Gi7 inde

DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE (e((i"n.9'ed2de$7 SMALLINT NOT N0LL,a8<_(a)a': DEC2,3 NOT N0LL,n@m_em$( SMALLINT NOT N0LL3

ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS/ INSERT INTO (e((i"n.9'edSELECT de$7 ,A6;2(a)a':3 ,CO0NT2*3#ROM (7a99;RO0P B de$7/ ANSWERSELECT CO0NT2*3 ======

#ROM (e((i"n.9'ed/ DROP TABLE (e((i"n.9'ed/ DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE (e((i"n.9'ed2de$7 SMALLINT NOT N0LL3ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS/ ANSWERSELECT CO0NT2*3 ======#ROM (e((i"n.9'ed/ &Figure %, D'"$$in< a 7em$"'a': 7a!)e

CREATE 0SER TEMPORAR TABLESPACE #REDMANA;ED B DATABASE0SIN; 2#ILE 5CDBTEMP#RED#RED%5 %&&& ,#ILE 5CDBTEMP#RED#RED5 %&&& ,#ILE 5CDBTEMP#RED#RED?5 %&&&3/ ;RANT 0SE O# TABLESPACE #RED TO P0BLIC/Figure %K, C'ea7e 0SER TEMPORAR 7a!)e($a>e

IERARC AAA+---------------+ ||PE |CE |N0M| +-----+-----+|-----|-----|---| | | ||AAA |BBB | %| BBB CCC DDD|AAA |CCC | | | ||AAA |DDD | &| +-+ +-+--+|CCC |EEE | ??| | | ||DDD |EEE | | EEE ###

|DDD |### | | ||### |;;; | | |+---------------+ ;;;Figure &, Sam$)e Ta!)e de(>'i$7i"n - Re>@'(i"n

WIT $a'en7 2$e:, >e:3 AS ANSWER 2SELECT $e:, >e: ========= PROCESSIN; #ROM ie'a'>: PE CE SE0ENCE

WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- ---- ========== 0NION ALL AAA BBB 4 %(7 $a(( SELECT C.$e:, C.>e: AAA CCC #ROM ie'a'>: C AAA DDD ,$a'en7 P CCC EEE 4 nd $a(( WERE P.>e: = C.$e: DDD EEE 4 ?'d $a(( 3 DDD ### SELECT $e:, >e: ### ;;; 4 7 $a((#ROM $a'en7/Figure %, SL 7a7 d"e( Re>@'(i"n

Figure , Re>@'(i8e $'">e((in< (e@en>e

CREATE TABLE ie'a'>:2$e: CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL,>e: CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL,n@m SMALLINT NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E2$e:, >e:3,CONSTRAINT d7% CEC 2$e: 4 >e:3,CONSTRAINT d7 CEC 2n@m &33/COMMIT/ CREATE 0NI0E INDE1 ie'_% ON ie'a'>:2>e:, $e:3/COMMIT/ INSERT INTO ie'a'>: 6AL0ES

25AAA5,5BBB5, %3,25AAA5,5CCC5, 3,25AAA5,5DDD5,&3,25CCC5,5EEE5,??3,25DDD5,5EEE5,3,25DDD5,5###5, 3,25###5,5;;;5, 3/COMMIT/Figure ?, Sam$)e Ta!)e DDL - Re>@'(i"n

WIT $a'en7 2>e:3 AS ANSWER IERARC 2SELECT >e: ====== +---------------+ #ROM ie'a'>: CE |PE |CE |N0M| WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- |-----|-----|---| 0NION ALL BBB |AAA |BBB | %| SELECT C.>e: CCC |AAA |CCC | | #ROM ie'a'>: C DDD |AAA |DDD | &| ,$a'en7 P EEE |CCC |EEE | ??| WERE P.>e: = C.$e: EEE |DDD |EEE | | 3 ### |DDD |### | |SELECT >e: ;;; |### |;;; | |



#ROM $a'en7/ +---------------+Figure , Li(7 "9 >i)d'en "9 AAA

WIT $a'en7 2>e:3 AS ANSWER IERARC 2SELECT DISTINCT $e: ====== +---------------+

#ROM ie'a'>: CE |PE |CE |N0M| WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- |-----|-----|---| 0NION ALL AAA |AAA |BBB | %| SELECT C.>e: BBB |AAA |CCC | | #ROM ie'a'>: C CCC |AAA |DDD | &| ,$a'en7 P DDD |CCC |EEE | ??| WERE P.>e: = C.$e: EEE |DDD |EEE | | 3 EEE |DDD |### | |SELECT >e: ### |### |;;; | |#ROM $a'en7/ ;;; +---------------+Figure , Li(7 a)) >i)d'en "9 AAA

WIT $a'en7 2>e:3 AS ANSWER IERARC 2SELECT DISTINCT $e: ====== +---------------+ #ROM ie'a'>: CE |PE |CE |N0M| WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- |-----|-----|---| 0NION ALL AAA |AAA |BBB | %| SELECT C.>e: BBB |AAA |CCC | | #ROM ie'a'>: C CCC |AAA |DDD | &| ,$a'en7 P DDD |CCC |EEE | ??| WERE P.>e: = C.$e: EEE |DDD |EEE | | 3 ### |DDD |### | |

SELECT DISTINCT >e: ;;; |### |;;; | |#ROM $a'en7/ +---------------+Figure H, Li(7 di(7in>7 >i)d'en "9 AAA

WIT $a'en7 2>e:3 AS ANSWER IERARC 2SELECT DISTINCT $e: ====== +---------------+ #ROM ie'a'>: CE |PE |CE |N0M| WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- |-----|-----|---|

0NION ALL AAA |AAA |BBB | %| SELECT C.>e: BBB |AAA |CCC | | #ROM ie'a'>: C CCC |AAA |DDD | &| ,$a'en7 P DDD |CCC |EEE | ??| WERE P.>e: = C.$e: EEE |DDD |EEE | | 3, ### |DDD |### | |di(7in>7_$a'en7 2>e:3 AS ;;; |### |;;; | | 2SELECT DISTINCT >e: +---------------+ #ROM $a'en7 3SELECT >e:#ROM di(7in>7_$a'en7/Figure , Li(7 di(7in>7 >i)d'en "9 AAA



WIT $a'en7 2>e:, )8)3 AS ANSWER AAA 2SELECT DISTINCT $e:, & ======== | #ROM ie'a'>: CE L6L +-----+-----+ WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- --- | | |

0NION ALL AAA & BBB CCC DDD SELECT C.>e:, P.)8) +% BBB % | | #ROM ie'a'>: C CCC % +-+ +-+--+ ,$a'en7 P DDD % | | | WERE P.>e: = C.$e: EEE EEE ### 3 EEE |SELECT >e:, )8) ### |#ROM $a'en7/ ;;; ? ;;;Figure , S"G i7em )e8e) in ie'a'>:

WIT $a'en7 2>e:, )8)3 AS ANSWER IERARC 2SELECT DISTINCT $e:, & ======== +---------------+ #ROM ie'a'>: CE L6L |PE |CE |N0M| WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- --- |-----|-----|---| 0NION ALL AAA & |AAA |BBB | %| SELECT C.>e:, P.)8) +% BBB % |AAA |CCC | | #ROM ie'a'>: C CCC % |AAA |DDD | &| ,$a'en7 P DDD % |CCC |EEE | ??| WERE P.>e: = C.$e: EEE |DDD |EEE | | 3 EEE |DDD |### | |SELECT >e:, )8) ### |### |;;; | |#ROM $a'en7 +---------------+

WERE )8) 4 ?/Figure K, Se)e>7 '"G( Ge'e LE6EL 4 ?

WIT $a'en7 2>e:, )8)3 AS ANSWER AAA 2SELECT DISTINCT $e:, & ======== | #ROM ie'a'>: CE L6L +-----+-----+ WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- --- | | | 0NION ALL AAA & BBB CCC DDD

SELECT C.>e:, P.)8) +% BBB % | | #ROM ie'a'>: C CCC % +-+ +-+--+ ,$a'en7 P DDD % | | | WERE P.>e: = C.$e: EEE EEE ### AND P.)8)+% 4 ? EEE | 3 ### |SELECT >e:, )8) ;;;#ROM $a'en7/Figure ?&, Se)e>7 '"G( Ge'e LE6EL 4 ?



WIT $a'en7 2>e:, )8)3 AS ANSWER IERARC 2SELECT DISTINCT $e:, & ======== +---------------+ #ROM ie'a'>: CE L6L |PE |CE |N0M| WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- --- |-----|-----|---| 0NION ALL EEE |AAA |BBB | %| SELECT C.>e:, P.)8) +% EEE |AAA |CCC | | #ROM ie'a'>: C ### |AAA |DDD | &| ,$a'en7 P |CCC |EEE | ??|

WERE P.>e: = C.$e: |DDD |EEE | | AND P.)8)+% 4 ? |DDD |### | | 3 |### |;;; | |SELECT >e:, )8) +---------------+#ROM $a'en7WERE )8) = /Figure ?%, Se)e>7 '"G( Ge'e LE6EL =

WIT >i)d'en 2e:, )8)3 AS ANSWER AAA 2SELECT >e:, % ======== | #ROM ie'a'>: E L6L +-----+-----+ WERE $e: = 5DDD5 ---- --- | | | 0NION ALL AAA -% BBB CCC DDD SELECT .>e:, C.)8) + % EEE % | | #ROM ie'a'>: ### % +-+ +-+--+ ,>i)d'en C ;;; | | | WERE .$e: = C.e: EEE ### 3 |,$a'en7( 2e:, )8)3 AS | 2SELECT $e:, -% ;;; #ROM ie'a'>: WERE >e: = 5DDD5

0NION ALL SELECT .$e:, P.)8) - % #ROM ie'a'>: ,$a'en7( P WERE .>e: = P.e: 3SELECT e: ,)8)#ROM >i)d'en0NION ALLSELECT e: ,)8)#ROM $a'en7(/Figure ?, #ind a)) >i)d'en and $a'en7( "9 DDD

WIT 7em$% 2n%3 AS ANSWER 2SELECT id ====== #ROM (7a99 N% WERE id = %& -- 0NION ALL Ga'n SELECT n% +%& %& #ROM 7em$% & WERE n% 4 & ?&

3 &SELECT * &#ROM 7em$%/Figure ??, Re>@'(i"n - Gi7 Ga'nin< me((a<e

WIT 7em$% 2n%3 AS ANSWER 2SELECT INT2id3 ====== #ROM (7a99 N% WERE id = %& -- 0NION ALL %& SELECT n% +%& & #ROM 7em$% ?& WERE n% 4 & & 3 &SELECT *#ROM 7em$%/Figure ?, Re>@'(i"n - Gi7"@7 Ga'nin< me((a<e

DI6ER;ENT CON6ER;ENT REC0RSI6E BALANCED 0NBALANCED========= ========== ========= ======== ========== AAA AAA AAA4--+ AAA AAA

| | | | | | +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ | +-+-+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | |BBB CCC BBB CCC BBB CCC+ BBB CCC BBB CCC | | | | | | |

+-+-+ +-+-+-+ +-+-+ | +---+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | DDD EEE DDD EEE DDD EEE DDD EEE ### DDD EEEFigure ?, ie'a'>: #)a8"@'(

OBJECTS_RELATES AAA+---------------------+ ||EO |PE |N0M|PRICE| +-----+-----+

|-----|-----|---|-----| | | ||AAA | | | U%&| BBB CCC DDD|BBB |AAA | %| U%| ||CCC |AAA | | U?| +--+--+|DDD |AAA | &| U| | ||EEE |DDD | | U??| EEE ###|### |DDD | | U?| ||;;; |### | | U| |+---------------------+ ;;;Figure ?H, Di8e'<en7 ie'a'>: - Ta!)e and La:"@7

OBJECTS RELATIONSIPS AAA+-----------+ +---------------+ ||EO |PRICE| |PE |CE |N0M| +-----+-----+|-----|-----| |-----|-----|---| | | ||AAA | U%&| |AAA |BBB | %| BBB CCC DDD|BBB | U%| |AAA |CCC | | | ||CCC | U?| |AAA |DDD | &| +-+ +-+--+

|DDD | U| |CCC |EEE | ??| | | ||EEE | U??| |DDD |EEE | | EEE ###|### | U?| |DDD |### | | ||;;; | U| |### |;;; | | |+-----------+ +---------------+ ;;;Figure ?, C"n8e'<en7 ie'a'>: - Ta!)e( and La:"@7

OBJECTS RELATIONSIPS AAA 4------+

+-----------+ +---------------+ | ||EO |PRICE| |PE |CE |N0M| +-----+-----+ ||-----|-----| |-----|-----|---| | | | ||AAA | U%&| |AAA |BBB | %| BBB CCC DDD-+|BBB | U%| |AAA |CCC | | | ||CCC | U?| |AAA |DDD | &| +-+ +-+--+|DDD | U| |CCC |EEE | ??| | | ||EEE | U??| |DDD |AAA | KK| EEE ###|### | U?| |DDD |### | | ||;;; | U| |DDD |EEE | | |+-----------+ |### |;;; | | ;;; +---------------+Figure ?, Re>@'(i8e ie'a'>: - Ta!)e( and La:"@7

AAA 44 Ba)an>ed ie'a'>: AAA | 0n!a)an>ed ie'a'>: | +-----+-----+ +---+----+ | | | | | |BBB CCC DDD | CCC DDD | | | | | | | | +-+-+ | +-+ +-+-+ | | | | | | | |

EEE ### ;;; ### ;;; | | IIIFigure ?K, Ba)an>ed and 0n!a)an>ed ie'a'>ie(

TRO0BLE AAA 4------++---------+ | |



|PE|CE| +-----+-----+ ||----|----| | | | ||AAA |BBB | BBB CCC DDD-+|AAA |CCC | | ||AAA |DDD | +-+ +-+--+|CCC |EEE | | | ||DDD |AAA | 4=== Ti( '"G EEE ###|DDD |### | $"in7( !a> 7" ||DDD |EEE | 7e ie'a'>: ||### |;;; | $a'en7. ;;;

+---------+Figure &, Re>@'(i8e ie'a'>: - Sam$)e Ta!)e and La:"@7

CREATE TABLE 7'"@!)e2$e: CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL,>e: CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL3/ CREATE 0NI0E INDE1 7!)e_% ON 7'"@!)e 2$e:, >e:3/

CREATE 0NI0E INDE1 7!)e_ ON 7'"@!)e 2>e:, $e:3/ INSERT INTO 7'"@!)e 6AL0ES25AAA5,5BBB53,25AAA5,5CCC53,25AAA5,5DDD53,25CCC5,5EEE53,25DDD5,5AAA53,25DDD5,5EEE53,25DDD5,5###53,25###5,5;;;53/Figure %, Sam$)e Ta!)e DDL - Re>@'(i8e ie'a'>:

WIT $a'en7 2$e:, >e:, )8)3 AS ANSWER TRO0BLE 2SELECT DISTINCT ============= +---------+ $e: PE CE L6L |PE|CE| ,$e: ---- ---- --- |----|----| ,& AAA AAA & |AAA |BBB | #ROM 7'"@!)e AAA BBB % |AAA |CCC | WERE $e: = 5AAA5 AAA CCC % |AAA |DDD | 0NION ALL AAA DDD % |CCC |EEE | SELECT C.$e: CCC EEE |DDD |AAA |

,C.>e: DDD AAA |DDD |### | ,P.)8) + % DDD EEE |DDD |EEE | #ROM 7'"@!)e C DDD ### |### |;;; | ,$a'en7 P AAA BBB ? +---------+ WERE P.>e: = C.$e: AAA CCC ? AND P.)8) + % 4 AAA DDD ? 3 ### ;;; ?SELECT *#ROM $a'en7/Figure , S7"$ Re>@'(i8e SL a97e' n )e8e)(

CREATE #0NCTION LOCATE_BLOC2(ea'>(7' 6ARCAR2?&&&&3 ,)""in(7' 6ARCAR2?&&&&33RET0RNS INTE;ERBE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE )""in)en, (ea'>)en INT/ DECLARE )">a7e8a', 'e7@'n8a' INT DE#A0LT &/ DECLARE !e<in)"" INT DE#A0LT %/

SET )""in)en = LEN;T2)""in(7'3/ SET (ea'>)en = LEN;T2(ea'>(7'3/ WILE )">a7e8a' = & AND !e<in)"" 4= )""in)en DO SET )">a7e8a' = LOCATE2(ea'>(7',S0BSTR2)""in(7' ,!e<in)"" ,(ea'>)en33/ SET !e<in)"" = !e<in)"" + (ea'>)en/ SET 'e7@'n8a' = 'e7@'n8a' + %/ END WILE/ I# )">a7e8a' = & TEN SET 'e7@'n8a' = &/ END I#/

RET0RN 'e7@'n8a'/ENDFigure ?, LOCATE_BLOC @(e' de9ined 9@n>7i"n

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ================= ,LOCATE2575,name3 AS )% ID NAME L% L ,LOCATE_BLOC2575,name3 AS ) --- ------- -- --#ROM (7a99 & R"7man ?

WERE LOCATE2575,name3 %/ & Smi7 &Figure , LOCATE_BLOC 9@n>7i"n eam$)e

WIT $a'en7 2$e:, >e:, )8), $a7, )""$3 AS 2SELECT DISTINCT $e: ,$e: ANSWER ,& ===============================

,6ARCAR2$e:,&3 PE CE L6L PAT LOOP ,& ---- ---- --- ------------ ---- #ROM 7'"@!)e AAA AAA & AAA & WERE $e: = 5AAA5 AAA BBB % AAABBB & 0NION ALL AAA CCC % AAACCC & SELECT C.$e: AAA DDD % AAADDD & ,C.>e: CCC EEE AAACCCEEE & ,P.)8) + % DDD AAA AAADDDAAA % ,P.$a7 || C.>e: DDD EEE AAADDDEEE & ,LOCATE_BLOC2C.>e:,P.$a73 DDD ### AAADDD### & #ROM 7'"@!)e C AAA BBB ? AAADDDAAABBB & ,$a'en7 P AAA CCC ? AAADDDAAACCC & WERE P.>e: = C.$e: AAA DDD ? AAADDDAAADDD



AND P.)8) + % 4 ### ;;; ? AAADDD###;;; & 3SELECT *#ROM $a'en7/ TRO0BLE +---------+ AAA 4------+ |PE|CE| | | |----|----| +-----+-----+ | |AAA |BBB | | | | | |AAA |CCC | BBB CCC DDD-+ |AAA |DDD | | |

|CCC |EEE | +-+ +-+--+ Ti( '"G === |DDD |AAA | | | | $"in7( !a> 7" |DDD |### | EEE ### 7e ie'a'>: |DDD |EEE | | $a'en7. |### |;;; | | +---------+ ;;;Figure , S"G $a7, and '"G( in )""$

WIT $a'en7 2$e:, >e:, )8), $a73 AS ANSWER 2SELECT DISTINCT ========================== $e: PE CE L6L PAT ,$e: ---- ----- -- ------------ ,& AAA AAA & AAA ,6ARCAR2$e:,&3 AAA BBB % AAABBB #ROM 7'"@!)e AAA CCC % AAACCC WERE $e: = 5AAA5 AAA DDD % AAADDD 0NION ALL CCC EEE AAACCCEEE SELECT C.$e: DDD EEE AAADDDEEE ,C.>e: DDD ### AAADDD### ,P.)8) + % ### ;;; ? AAADDD###;;; ,P.$a7 || C.>e: #ROM 7'"@!)e C

,$a'en7 P WERE P.>e: = C.$e: AND LOCATE_BLOC2C.>e:,P.$a73 = & 3SELECT *#ROM $a'en7/Figure H, 0(e LOCATE_BLOC 9@n>7i"n 7" (7"$ 'e>@'(i"n

WIT $a'en7 2$e:, >e:, )8), $a7, )""$3 AS 2SELECT DISTINCT $e: ,$e: ,& ,6ARCAR2$e:,&3 ANSWER ,& =============================== #ROM 7'"@!)e PE CE L6L PAT LOOP WERE $e: = 5AAA5 ---- ---- --- ------------ ---- 0NION ALL AAA AAA & AAA & SELECT C.$e: AAA BBB % AAABBB & ,C.>e: AAA CCC % AAACCC & ,P.)8) + % AAA DDD % AAADDD &



,P.$a7 || C.>e: CCC EEE AAACCCEEE & ,LOCATE_BLOC2C.>e:,P.$a73 DDD AAA AAADDDAAA % #ROM 7'"@!)e C DDD EEE AAADDDEEE & ,$a'en7 P DDD ### AAADDD### & WERE P.>e: = C.$e: ### ;;; ? AAADDD###;;; & AND P.)""$ = & 3SELECT *#ROM $a'en7/Figure , 0(e LOCATE_BLOC 9@n>7i"n 7" (7"$ 'e>@'(i"n

WIT $a'en7 2$e:, >e:, )8), $a7, )""$3 AS ANSWER 2SELECT DISTINCT ========= $e: PE CE ,$e: ---- ---- ,& DDD AAA ,6ARCAR2$e:,&3 ,&

#ROM 7'"@!)e WERE $e: = 5AAA5 0NION ALL SELECT C.$e: ,C.>e: TRO0BLE ,P.)8) + % +---------+ ,P.$a7 || C.>e: |PE|CE| ,LOCATE_BLOC2C.>e:,P.$a73 |----|----| #ROM 7'"@!)e C |AAA |BBB | ,$a'en7 P |AAA |CCC | WERE P.>e: = C.$e: |AAA |DDD | AND P.)""$ = & |CCC |EEE | 3 Ti( '"G === |DDD |AAA |SELECT $e: $"in7( !a> 7" |DDD |### |

,>e: 7e ie'a'>: |DDD |EEE |#ROM $a'en7 $a'en7. |### |;;; |WERE )""$ &/ +---------+Figure ,Li(7 '"G( 7a7 $"in7 !a> 7" a $a'en7

DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE SESSION.de)_)i(72$e: CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL,>e: CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL3

ON COMMIT PRESER6E ROWS/ INSERT INTO SESSION.de)_)i(7WIT $a'en7 2$e:, >e:, )8), $a7, )""$3 AS 2SELECT DISTINCT $e: ,$e: ,& TRO0BLE ,6ARCAR2$e:,&3 +---------+ ,& |PE|CE| #ROM 7'"@!)e |----|----| WERE $e: = 5AAA5 |AAA |BBB | 0NION ALL |AAA |CCC |

SELECT C.$e: |AAA |DDD | ,C.>e: |CCC |EEE | ,P.)8) + % Ti( '"G === |DDD |AAA | ,P.$a7 || C.>e: $"in7( !a> 7" |DDD |### | ,LOCATE_BLOC2C.>e:,P.$a73 7e ie'a'>: |DDD |EEE | #ROM 7'"@!)e C $a'en7. |### |;;; | ,$a'en7 P +---------+ WERE P.>e: = C.$e: AND P.)""$ = & AAA 4------+3 | |

SELECT $e: +-----+-----+ | ,>e: | | | |#ROM $a'en7 BBB CCC DDD-+WERE )""$ &/ | | +-+ +-+--+DELETE | | |#ROM 7'"@!)e EEE ###WERE 2$e:,>e:3 IN | 2SELECT $e:, >e: | #ROM SESSION.de)_)i(73/ ;;;Figure K, De)e7e '"G( 7a7 )""$ !a> 7" a $a'en7

CREATE TRI;;ER TBL_INS TRO0BLENO CASCADE BE#ORE INSERT ON 7'"@!)e +---------+RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS NNN Ti( 7'i<<e' |PE|CE|#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL G"@)d 'ee>7 |----|----| WIT 7em$ 2$e:, >e:3 AS in(e'7i"n "9 |AAA |BBB | 26AL0ES 2NNN.$e: 7i( '"G. |AAA |CCC | ,NNN.>e:3 | |AAA |DDD | 0NION ALL | |CCC |EEE | SELECT TTT.$e: +--- |DDD |AAA | ,CASE |DDD |### |

WEN TTT.>e: = TBL.$e: |DDD |EEE | TEN RAISE_ERROR25&&&%5,5LOOP #O0ND53 |### |;;; | ELSE TBL.>e: +---------+ END #ROM 7'"@!)e TBL ,7em$ TTT WERE TTT.>e: = TBL.$e: 3

SELECT * #ROM 7em$/Figure &, INSERT 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER TBL_0PDNO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# $e:, >e: ON 7'"@!)eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS NNN#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL WIT 7em$ 2$e:, >e:3 AS 26AL0ES 2NNN.$e: ,NNN.>e:3 0NION ALL SELECT TTT.$e:

,CASE WEN TTT.>e: = TBL.$e: TEN RAISE_ERROR25&&&%5,5LOOP #O0ND53 ELSE TBL.>e: END #ROM 7'"@!)e TBL ,7em$ TTT WERE TTT.>e: = TBL.$e: 3

SELECT *

#ROM 7em$/Figure %, 0PDATE 7'i<<e'

INSERT INTO 7'"@!)e 6AL0ES25;;;5,5AAA53/ 0PDATE 7'"@!)e SET >e: = 5AAA5 WERE $e: = 5###5/0PDATE 7'"@!)e SET $e: = 5;;;5 WERE >e: = 5DDD5/Figure , In8a)id DML (7a7emen7(

IERARC% E1PLODED%AAA +--------------------+ +-------------+ | |E|PE|DATA | |PE|CE|L6L|BBB |----|----|----------| |----|----|---| | |AAA |AAA |SOME DATA | |AAA |AAA | &| +-----+ |BBB |AAA |MORE DATA | |AAA |BBB | %| | | |CCC |BBB |MORE J0N | |AAA |CCC | |CCC EEE |DDD |CCC |MORE J0N | |AAA |DDD | ?|

| |EEE |BBB |J0N DATA | |AAA |EEE | |DDD +--------------------+ |BBB |BBB | &| |BBB |CCC | %| |BBB |DDD | | |BBB |EEE | %| |CCC |CCC | &| |CCC |DDD | %| |DDD |DDD | &| |EEE |EEE | &| +-------------+Figure ?, Da7a ie'a'>:, Gi7 n"'ma)iQed and e$)"ded 'e$'e(en7a7i"n(

CREATE TABLE ie'a'>:%2e:: CAR2?3 NOT N0LL,$e: CAR2?3 NOT N0LL,da7a 6ARCAR2%&3,CONSTRAINT ie'a'>:%% PRIMAR E2e::3,CONSTRAINT ie'a'>:% #OREI;N E2$e:3 RE#ERENCES ie'a'>:% 2e::3 ON DELETE CASCADE3/ CREATE TRI;;ER IR%_0PD

NO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# $e: ON ie'a'>:%RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS NNN OLD AS OOO#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSLWEN 2NNN.$e: 4 OOO.$e:3 SI;NAL SLSTATE 5&&&%5 25CAN NOT 0PDATE $e:53/Figure , ie'a'>: 7a!)e 7a7 d"e( n"7 a))"G @$da7e( 7" PE

CREATE TABLE e$)"ded%2$e: CAR23 NOT N0LL,>e: CAR23 NOT N0LL,)8) SMALLINT NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E2$e:,>e:33/Figure , E$)"ded 7a!)e CREATE (7a7emen7

CREATE TRI;;ER E1P%_DELA#TER DELETE ON ie'a'>:%RE#ERENCIN; OLD AS OOO#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL DELETE #ROM e$)"ded% WERE >e: = OOO.e::/Figure H, T'i<<e' 7" main7ain e$)"ded 7a!)e a97e' de)e7e in ie'a'>: 7a!)e

CREATE TRI;;ER E1P%_INS IERARC% E1PLODED%A#TER INSERT ON ie'a'>:% +--------------+ +-------------+RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS NNN |E|PE|DATA| |PE|CE|L6L|#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL |----|----|----| |----|----|---| INSERT |AAA |AAA |S...| |AAA |AAA | &| INTO e$)"ded% |BBB |AAA |M...| |AAA |BBB | %| WIT 7em$2$e:, >e:, )8)3 AS |CCC |BBB |M...| |AAA |CCC | | 26AL0ES 2NNN.e:: |DDD |CCC |M...| |AAA |DDD | ?| ,NNN.e:: |EEE |BBB |J...| |AAA |EEE | | ,&3 +--------------+ |BBB |BBB | &| 0NION ALL |BBB |CCC | %|

SELECT N.$e: |BBB |DDD | | ,NNN.e:: |BBB |EEE | %| ,T.)8) +% |CCC |CCC | &| #ROM 7em$ T |CCC |DDD | %| ,ie'a'>:% N |DDD |DDD | &| WERE N.e:: = T.$e: |EEE |EEE | &| AND N.e:: 4 N.$e: +-------------+ 3

SELECT * #ROM 7em$/Figure , T'i<<e' 7" main7ain e$)"ded 7a!)e a97e' in(e'7 in ie'a'>: 7a!)e

SELECT *#ROM e$)"ded%WERE $e: = "(7-8a'ORDER B $e: ,>e: ,)8)/

Figure , @e':in< 7e e$)"ded 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE ie'a'>:2e:: CAR2?3 NOT N0LL,$e: CAR2?3 NOT N0LL,da7a 6ARCAR2%&3,CONSTRAINT NO_)""$S% PRIMAR E2e::3,CONSTRAINT NO_)""$S #OREI;N E2$e:3

RE#ERENCES ie'a'>: 2e::3 ON DELETE CASCADE ON 0PDATE RESTRICT3/Figure K, ie'a'>: 7a!)e 7a7 a))"G( @$da7e( 7" PE

CREATE TRI;;ER IR_0PD IERARCNO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# $e: ON ie'a'>: +--------------+RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS NNN |E|PE|DATA| OLD AS OOO |----|----|----|#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL |AAA |AAA |S...|

WEN 2NNN.$e: 4 OOO.$e: |BBB |AAA |M...| AND NNN.$e: 4 NNN.e::3 |CCC |BBB |M...| WIT 7em$ 2e::, $e:3 AS |DDD |CCC |M...| 26AL0ES 2NNN.e:: |EEE |BBB |J...| ,NNN.$e:3 +--------------+ 0NION ALL SELECT LP.e:: ,CASE WEN LP.e:: = NNN.e:: TEN RAISE_ERROR25&&&%5,5LOOP #O0ND53 ELSE LP.$e: END #ROM ie'a'>: LP

,7em$ TMP WERE TMP.$e: = LP.e:: AND TMP.e:: 4 TMP.$e: 3

SELECT * #ROM 7em$/Figure H&, T'i<<e' 7" >e> 9"' 'e>@'(i8e da7a (7'@>7@'e( !e9"'e @$da7e "9 PE

CREATE TABLE e$)"ded2$e: CAR23 NOT N0LL,>e: CAR23 NOT N0LL,)8) SMALLINT NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E2$e:,>e:33/Figure H%, E$)"ded 7a!)e CREATE (7a7emen7

CREATE TRI;;ER E1P_DELA#TER DELETE ON ie'a'>:RE#ERENCIN; OLD AS OOO#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL DELETE #ROM e$)"ded WERE >e: = OOO.e::/Figure H, T'i<<e' 7" main7ain e$)"ded 7a!)e a97e' de)e7e in ie'a'>: 7a!)e

CREATE TRI;;ER E1P_INS IERARC E1PLODEDA#TER INSERT ON ie'a'>: +--------------+ +-------------+RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS NNN |E|PE|DATA| |PE|CE|L6L|#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSL |----|----|----| |----|----|---| INSERT |AAA |AAA |S...| |AAA |AAA | &| INTO e$)"ded |BBB |AAA |M...| |AAA |BBB | %| WIT 7em$2$e:, >e:, )8)3 AS |CCC |BBB |M...| |AAA |CCC | | 2SELECT NNN.e:: |DDD |CCC |M...| |AAA |DDD | ?| ,NNN.e:: |EEE |BBB |J...| |AAA |EEE | | ,& +--------------+ |BBB |BBB | &| #ROM ie'a'>: |BBB |CCC | %|

WERE e:: = NNN.e:: |BBB |DDD | | 0NION ALL |BBB |EEE | %| SELECT N.$e: |CCC |CCC | &| ,NNN.e:: |CCC |DDD | %| ,T.)8) +% |DDD |DDD | &| #ROM 7em$ T |EEE |EEE | &| ,ie'a'>: N +-------------+ WERE N.e:: = T.$e: AND N.e:: 4 N.$e: 3

SELECT * #ROM 7em$/Figure H?, T'i<<e' 7" main7ain e$)"ded 7a!)e a97e' in(e'7 in ie'a'>: 7a!)e

CREATE TRI;;ER E1P_0PDA#TER 0PDATE O# $e: ON ie'a'>:RE#ERENCIN; OLD AS OOO NEW AS NNN#OR EAC ROW MODE DBSLBE;IN ATOMIC DELETE

#ROM e$)"ded WERE >e: IN 2SELECT >e: #ROM e$)"ded WERE $e: = OOO.e::3/ INSERT INTO e$)"ded WIT 7em$%2>e:3 AS 26AL0ES 2NNN.e::3 0NION ALL

SELECT N.e:: #ROM 7em$% T ,ie'a'>: N WERE N.$e: = T.>e: AND N.$e: 4 N.e:: 3Figure H, T'i<<e' 7" '@n a97e' @$da7e "9 PE in ie'a'>: 7a!)e 2$a'7 % "9 3

,7em$2$e:, >e:, )8)3 AS 2SELECT >e: ,>e: ,& #ROM 7em$% 0NION ALL SELECT N.$e: ,T.>e: ,T.)8) +% #ROM 7em$ T ,ie'a'>: N WERE N.e:: = T.$e: AND N.e:: 4 N.$e: 3

SELECT * #ROM 7em$/ENDFigure H, T'i<<e' 7" '@n a97e' @$da7e "9 PE in ie'a'>: 7a!)e 2$a'7 "9 3

SELECT *#ROM e$)"dedWERE $e: = "(7-8a'

ORDER B $e: ,>e: ,)8)/Figure HH, @e':in< 7e e$)"ded 7a!)e

Figure H, C'ea7e T'i<<e' (:n7a

CREATE TABLE >@(7_!a)an>e2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT,(7a7@( CAR23 NOT N0LL,!a)an>e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,n@m_7'an( INTE;ER NOT N0LL

,>@'_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@(733/ CREATE TABLE >@(7_i(7"':2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,7'an( INTE;ER NOT N0LL,!a)an>e DECIMAL2%,3 NOT N0LL,!<n_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,end_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@(7, !<n_7(33/ CREATE TABLE >@(7_7'an(2min_>@(7 INTE;ER

,ma_>@(7 INTE;ER,'"G(_7"7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>an<e_8a) DECIMAL2%,3,>an<e_7:$e CAR2%3 NOT N0LL,>@'_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@'_7(33/Figure H, Sam$)e Ta!)e(

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_!a)_in(%

NO CASCADE BE#ORE INSERTON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL SET nnn.>@'_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,nnn.n@m_7'an( = %/Figure HK, Be9"'e in(e'7 7'i<<e' - (e7 8a)@e(

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_!a)_@$d%NO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATEON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL SET nnn.>@'_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,nnn.n@m_7'an( = """.n@m_7'an( + %/Figure &, Be9"'e @$da7e 7'i<<e' - (e7 8a)@e(

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_!a)_@$dNO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# !a)an>eON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn OLD AS """#OR EAC ROW

MODE DBSLWEN 2""".!a)an>e - nnn.!a)an>e %&&&3 SI;NAL SLSTATE 6AL0E 5%&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5Cann"7 Gi7d'aG %&&&5/Figure %, Be9"'e T'i<<e' - 9)a< e''"'

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_i(_in(%A#TER INSERT

ON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7_i(7"': 6AL0ES 2nnn.>@(7 ,nnn.n@m_7'an( ,nnn.!a)an>e ,nnn.>@'_7( ,5KKKK-%-?%-.&&.&&53/Figure , A97e' T'i<<e' - 'e>"'d in(e'7

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_i(_@$d%A#TER 0PDATEON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; OLD AS """ NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLBE;IN ATOMIC 0PDATE >@(7_i(7"': SET end_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP

WERE >@(7 = """.>@(7 AND !<n_7( = """.>@'_7(/ INSERT INTO >@(7_i(7"': 6AL0ES 2nnn.>@(7 ,nnn.n@m_7'an( ,nnn.!a)an>e ,nnn.>@'_7( ,5KKKK-%-?%-.&&.&&53/ENDFigure ?, A97e' T'i<<e' - 'e>"'d @$da7e

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_i(_de)%A#TER DELETEON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL 0PDATE >@(7_i(7"':

SET end_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP WERE >@(7 = """.>@(7 AND !<n_7( = """.>@'_7(/Figure , A97e' T'i<<e' - 'e>"'d de)e7e

CREATE TRI;;ER 7'an(_i(_in(%A#TER INSERTON >@(7_!a)an>e

RE#ERENCIN; NEW_TABLE AS neG7a!#OR EAC STATEMENTMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7_7'an( SELECT MIN2>@(73 ,MA12>@(73 ,CO0NT2*3 ,S0M2!a)an>e3 ,5I5 ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP #ROM neG7a!/Figure , A97e' T'i<<e' - 'e>"'d in(e'7

CREATE TRI;;ER 7'an(_i(_@$d%A#TER 0PDATEON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; OLD_TABLE AS ")d7a! NEW_TABLE AS neG7a!#OR EAC STATEMENTMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7_7'an( SELECT MIN2n7.>@(73

,MA12n7.>@(73 ,CO0NT2*3 ,S0M2n7.!a)an>e - "7.!a)an>e3 ,505 ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP #ROM ")d7a! "7 ,neG7a! n7 WERE "7.>@(7 = n7.>@(7/Figure H, A97e' T'i<<e' - 'e>"'d @$da7e

CREATE TRI;;ER 7'an(_i(_de)%A#TER DELETEON >@(7_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; OLD_TABLE AS ")d7a!#OR EAC STATEMENTMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7_7'an( SELECT MIN2>@(73

,MA12>@(73 ,CO0NT2*3 ,S0M2!a)an>e3 ,5D5 ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP #ROM ")d7a!/Figure , A97e' T'i<<e' - 'e>"'d de)e7e

INSERT INTO >@(7_!a)an>e 2(7a7@(, !a)an>e3 6AL0ES 25C5,%?.3/INSERT INTO >@(7_!a)an>e 2(7a7@(, !a)an>e3 6AL0ES 25C5,&&&.&&3/INSERT INTO >@(7_!a)an>e 2(7a7@(, !a)an>e3 6AL0ES 25D5, -%.&&3/ 0PDATE >@(7_!a)an>eSET !a)an>e = !a)an>e + %?WERE >@(7 4= / 0PDATE >@(7_!a)an>eSET !a)an>e = !a)an>e * -%WERE >@(7 = -%/ 0PDATE >@(7_!a)an>eSET !a)an>e = !a)an>e - %?

WERE >@(7 = %/ DELETE#ROM >@(7_!a)an>eWERE >@(7 = ?/Figure , Sam$)e DML (7a7emen7(

Figure K, C@(7"me'-!a)an>e 7a!)e '"G(

Figure &, C@(7"me'-i(7"': 7a!)e '"G(



Figure %, C@(7"me'-7'an(a>7i"n 7a!)e '"G(

CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'_!a)an>e2>@(7_id INTE;ER,>@(7_name 6ARCAR2&3

,>@(7_(e CAR2%3,n@m_(a)e( SMALLINT,7"7a)_(a)e( DECIMAL2%,3,ma(7e'_>@(7_id INTE;ER,>@(7_in(e'7_7( TIMESTAMP,>@(7_@$da7e_7( TIMESTAMP3/ CREATE TABLE @(_(a)e(2in8"i>e INTE;ER,>@(7_id INTE;ER,(a)e_8a)@e DECIMAL2%,3,(a)e_in(e'7_7( TIMESTAMP,(a)e_@$da7e_7( TIMESTAMP3/

Figure , Sam$)e 6ieG( @(ed in J"in Eam$)e(

CREATE DISTINCT TPE @(_d"))a'( AS de>ima)2%,3 WIT COMPARISONS/Figure ?, C'ea7e 0S-d"))a'( da7a 7:$e

CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'_!a)an>e2>@(7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL ;ENERATED ALWAS AS IDENTIT 2START WIT % ,INCREMENT B % ,NO CCLE ,NO CACE3,>@(7_name 6ARCAR2&3 NOT N0LL,>@(7_(e CAR2%3 NOT N0LL,n@m_(a)e( SMALLINT NOT N0LL,7"7a)_(a)e( @(_d"))a'( NOT N0LL,ma(7e'_>@(7_id INTE;ER

,>@(7_in(e'7_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,>@(7_@$da7e_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2>@(7_id3,CONSTRAINT >% CEC 2>@(7_name 4 553,CONSTRAINT > CEC 2>@(7_(e = 5#5 OR >@(7_(e = 5M53,CONSTRAINT >? #OREI;N E 2ma(7e'_>@(7_id3 RE#ERENCES >@(7"me'_!a)an>e 2>@(7_id3 ON DELETE CASCADE3/Figure , C@(7"me'-Ba)an>e 7a!)e DDL

CREATE TABLE @(_(a)e(2in8"i>e INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>@(7_id INTE;ER NOT N0LL,(a)e_8a)@e @(_d"))a'( NOT N0LL,(a)e_in(e'7_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,(a)e_@$da7e_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E 2in8"i>e3

,CONSTRAINT @% CEC 2(a)e_8a)@e @(_d"))a'(2&33,CONSTRAINT @ #OREI;N E 2>@(7_id3 RE#ERENCES >@(7"me'_!a)an>e ON DELETE RESTRICT3/ CREATE INDE1 @(_(a)e(_>@(7 ON @(_(a)e( 2>@(7_id3/Figure , 0S-Sa)e( 7a!)e DDL

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_!a)an>e_in(%NO CASCADE BE#ORE INSERTON >@(7"me'_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLSET nnn.n@m_(a)e( = & ,nnn.7"7a)_(a)e( = & ,nnn.>@(7_in(e'7_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,nnn.>@(7_@$da7e_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP/Figure H, Se7 8a)@e( d@'in< in(e'7

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_!a)an>e_@$d%NO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# >@(7_@$da7e_7(ON >@(7"me'_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLSET nnn.>@(7_@$da7e_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP/Figure , Se7 @$da7e-7ime(7am$ d@'in< @$da7e

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_!a)an>e_@$dNO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# >@(7_in(e'7_7(ON >@(7"me'_!a)an>e#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLSI;NAL SLSTATE 6AL0E 5%&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5Cann"7 @$da7e C0ST in(e'7-7(5/Figure , P'e8en7 @$da7e "9 in(e'7-7ime(7am$

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7_!a)an>e_@$d?NO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# n@m_(a)e(, 7"7a)_(a)e(ON >@(7"me'_!a)an>eRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROW

MODE DBSLWEN 2C0RRENT TIMESTAMP NOT IN 2SELECT (((.(a)e_@$da7e_7( #ROM @(_(a)e( ((( WERE nnn.>@(7_id = (((.>@(7_id33SI;NAL SLSTATE 6AL0E 5%&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5#ei)d( "n): @$da7ed 8ia 0S-Sa)e(5/Figure K, P'e8en7 @$da7e "9 (a)e( 9ie)d(

CREATE SE0ENCE @(_(a)e(_(e AS INTE;ER START WIT % INCREMENT B % NO CCLE NO CACE ORDER/Figure K&, De9ine (e@en>e

CREATE TRI;;ER @(_(a)e(_in(%NO CASCADE BE#ORE INSERTON @(_(a)e(RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLSET nnn.in8"i>e = NE1T6AL #OR @(_(a)e(_(e ,nnn.(a)e_in(e'7_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,nnn.(a)e_@$da7e_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP/Figure K%, In(e'7 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER (a)e(_7"_>@(7_in(%A#TER INSERTON @(_(a)e(RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL0PDATE >@(7"me'_!a)an>e >>>SET >>>.n@m_(a)e( = >>>.n@m_(a)e( + % ,>>>.7"7a)_(a)e( = DECIMAL2>>>.7"7a)_(a)e(3 +

DECIMAL2nnn.(a)e_8a)@e3WERE >>>.>@(7_id = nnn.>@(7_id/Figure K, P'"$a<a7e >an<e 7" C@(7"me'-Ba)an>e 7a!)e

CREATE TRI;;ER @(_(a)e(_@$d%

NO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# (a)e_8a)@eON @(_(a)e(RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLSET nnn.(a)e_@$da7e_7( = C0RRENT TIMESTAMP/Figure K?, Main7ain @$da7e-7ime(7am$

CREATE TRI;;ER @(_(a)e(_@$dNO CASCADE BE#ORE 0PDATE O# >@(7_id, (a)e_in(e'7_7(ON @(_(a)e(#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSLSI;NAL SLSTATE 6AL0E 5%&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5Can "n): @$da7e (a)e_8a)@e5/Figure K, P'e8en7 @$da7e( 7" (e)e>7ed >")@mn(

CREATE TRI;;ER (a)e(_7"_>@(7_@$d%A#TER 0PDATE O# (a)e_8a)@eON @(_(a)e(RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL0PDATE >@(7"me'_!a)an>e >>> SET >>>.7"7a)_(a)e( = DECIMAL2>>>.7"7a)_(a)e(3 - DECIMAL2""".(a)e_8a)@e3 + DECIMAL2nnn.(a)e_8a)@e3WERE >>>.>@(7_id = nnn.>@(7_id/

Figure K, P'"$a<a7e >an<e 7" C@(7"me'-Ba)an>e 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>@(7_name CAR2%&3,>@(7_m<' CAR2%&3,PRIMAR E2>@(733/Figure KH, C@(7"me' 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'_i(2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>@(7_name CAR2%&3,>@(7_m<' CAR2%&3

,>@'_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,>@'_a>7n CAR2%3 NOT N0LL,>@'_@(e' 6ARCAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,$'8_>@(7 INTE;ER,$'8_7( TIMESTAMP,PRIMAR E2>@(7,>@'_7(33/ CREATE 0NI0E INDE1 >@(7"me'_i(_% ON >@(7"me'_i(2>@(7, $'8_7(, >@'_7(3/Figure K, C@(7"me'-i(7"': 7a!)e

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7"me'_in(A#TERINSERT ON >@(7"me'RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7"me'_i( 6AL0ES 2nnn.>@(7 ,nnn.>@(7_name ,nnn.>@(7_m<' ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP

,5I5 ,0SER ,N0LL ,N0LL3/Figure K, In(e'7 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7"me'_@$dA#TER

0PDATE ON >@(7"me'RE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7"me'_i( 6AL0ES 2nnn.>@(7 ,nnn.>@(7_name ,nnn.>@(7_m<' ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,505 ,0SER ,""".>@(7

,2SELECT MA12>@'_7(3 #ROM >@(7"me'_i( WERE """.>@(7 = .>@(733/Figure KK, 0$da7e 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7"me'_de)A#TERDELETE ON >@(7"me'RE#ERENCIN; OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7"me'_i( 6AL0ES 2""".>@(7 ,N0LL ,N0LL ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,5D5 ,0SER

,""".>@(7 ,2SELECT MA12>@'_7(3 #ROM >@(7"me'_i( WERE """.>@(7 = .>@(733/Figure K&&, De)e7e 7'i<<e'

CREATE TABLE $'"9i)e2@(e'_id 6ARCAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,!<n_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL DE#A0LT 5KKKK-%-?%-.&&.&&5

,PRIMAR E2@(e'_id33/Figure K&%, P'"9i)e 7a!)e

CREATE 6IEW >@(7"me'_8G ASSELECT .* ,$$$.!<n_7(#ROM >@(7"me'_i( ,$'"9i)e $$$

WERE $$$.@(e'_id = 0SER AND .>@'_7( 4= $$$.!<n_7( AND .>@'_a>7n 4 5D5 AND NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT * #ROM >@(7"me'_i( nnn WERE nnn.$'8_>@(7 = .>@(7 AND nnn.$'8_7( = .>@'_7( AND nnn.>@'_7( 4= $$$.!<n_7(3/Figure K&, 6ieG "9 C@(7"me' i(7"':

CREATE TABLE 8e'(i"n28'(n INTE;ER NOT N0LL,8'(n_!<n_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,CONSTRAINT 8e'(i"n% CEC28'(n = &3,CONSTRAINT 8e'(i"n CEC28'(n 4 %&&&&&&&&&3,PRIMAR E28'(n33/Figure K&?, 6e'(i"n 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE $'"9i)e2@(e'_id 6ARCAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,8'(n INTE;ER NOT N0LL,8'(n_!<n_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,CONSTRAINT $'"9i)e% #OREI;N E28'(n3 RE#ERENCES 8e'(i"n28'(n3 ON DELETE RESTRICT

,PRIMAR E2@(e'_id33/Figure K&, P'"9i)e 7a!)e

CREATE TABLE >@(7"me'_i(2>@(7 INTE;ER NOT N0LL,>@(7_name CAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,>@(7_m<' CAR2%&3,>@'_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,>@'_8'(n INTE;ER NOT N0LL

,>@'_a>7n CAR2%3 NOT N0LL,>@'_@(e' 6ARCAR2%&3 NOT N0LL,$'8_>@(7 INTE;ER,$'8_7( TIMESTAMP,$'8_8'(n INTE;ER,CONSTRAINT >@(7"me'% #OREI;N E2>@'_8'(n3 RE#ERENCES 8e'(i"n28'(n3 ON DELETE RESTRICT,CONSTRAINT >@(7"me' CEC2>@'_a>7n IN 25I5,505,5D533,PRIMAR E2>@(7,>@'_8'(n,>@'_7(33/ CREATE INDE1 >@(7"me'_ ON >@(7"me'_i(2$'8_>@(7

,$'8_7(,$'8_8'(n3/Figure K&, C@(7"me' 7a!)e

CREATE 6IEW >@(7"me'_8G ASSELECT *#ROM >@(7"me'_i( ,$'"9i)e $$$

WERE $$$.@(e'_id = 0SER AND .>@'_a>7n 4 5D5 AND 22$$$.8'(n = & AND .>@'_8'(n = &3 OR 2$$$.8'(n & AND .>@'_8'(n = & AND .>@'_7( 4 $$$.8'(n_!<n_7(3 OR 2$$$.8'(n & AND .>@'_8'(n = $$$.8'(n33 AND NOT E1ISTS

2SELECT * #ROM >@(7"me'_i( nnn WERE nnn.$'8_>@(7 = .>@(7 AND nnn.$'8_7( = .>@'_7( AND nnn.$'8_8'(n = .>@'_8'(n AND 22$$$.8'(n = & AND nnn.>@'_8'(n = &3 OR 2$$$.8'(n & AND nnn.>@'_8'(n = & AND nnn.>@'_7( 4 $$$.8'(n_!<n_7(3 OR 2$$$.8'(n & AND nnn.>@'_8'(n = $$$.8'(n333/Figure K&H, C@(7"me' 8ieG - % "9

CREATE 6IEW >@(7"me' ASSELECT >@(7 ,>@(7_name ,>@(7_m<'#ROM >@(7"me'_8G/Figure K&, C@(7"me' 8ieG - "9

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7"me'_in(INSTEAD O#INSERT ON >@(7"me'_8GRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7"me'_i( 6AL0ES 2nnn.>@(7 ,nnn.>@(7_name

,nnn.>@(7_m<' ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,2SELECT 8'(n #ROM $'"9i)e WERE @(e'_id = 0SER3 ,CASE WEN & 4 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM >@(7"me' WERE >@(7 = nnn.>@(73 TEN RAISE_ERROR25%&&%5,5ERROR D@$)i>a7e >@(753 ELSE 5I5 END ,0SER

,N0LL ,N0LL ,N0LL3/Figure K&, In(e'7 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7"me'_@$dINSTEAD O#0PDATE ON >@(7"me'_8GRE#ERENCIN; NEW AS nnn OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7"me'_i( 6AL0ES 2nnn.>@(7 ,nnn.>@(7_name ,nnn.>@(7_m<' ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP ,""".8'(n

,CASE WEN nnn.>@(7 4 """.>@(7 TEN RAISE_ERROR25&&%5,5ERROR Cann"7 >an<e >@(753 ELSE 505 END ,""".@(e'_id ,""".>@(7 ,""".>@'_7( ,""".>@'_8'(n3/Figure K&K, 0$da7e 7'i<<e'

CREATE TRI;;ER >@(7"me'_de)INSTEAD O#DELETE ON >@(7"me'_8GRE#ERENCIN; OLD AS """#OR EAC ROWMODE DBSL INSERT INTO >@(7"me'_i( 6AL0ES 2""".>@(7 ,""".>@(7_name ,""".>@(7_m<' ,C0RRENT TIMESTAMP

,""".8'(n ,5D5 ,""".@(e'_id ,""".>@(7 ,""".>@'_7( ,""".>@'_8'(n3/Figure K%&, De)e7e 7'i<<e'

SELECT 5SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM 5 CONCAT RTRIM27a!(>ema3 CONCAT 5.5 CONCAT 7a!name CONCAT 5/5#ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e(WERE 7a!(>ema = 5SSCAT5 AND 7a!name LIE 5NF5ORDER B 7a!(>ema ANSWER ,7a!name/ =========================================

SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM SSCAT.NAMEMAPPIN;S/ SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PDE#/ SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PS/Figure K%%, ;ene'a7e SL 7" >"@n7 '"G(

E1PORT TO C#RED.T1T O# DELMODI#IED B NOCARDELSELECT 5SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM 5 CONCAT

RTRIM27a!(>ema3 CONCAT 5.5 CONCAT 7a!name CONCAT 5/5#ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e(WERE 7a!(>ema = 5SSCAT5 AND 7a!name LIE 5NF5ORDER B 7a!(>ema ,7a!name/Figure K%, E$"'7 <ene'a7ed SL (7a7emen7(

SELECT 5SELECT 555 CONCAT 7a!name CONCAT 555, CO0NT2*3 #ROM 5 CONCAT RTRIM27a!(>ema3 CONCAT 5.5 CONCAT 7a!name CONCAT 5/5#ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e(WERE 7a!(>ema = 5SSCAT5 AND 7a!name LIE 5NF5ORDER B 7a!(>ema

,7a!name/ ANSWER ========================================================== SELECT 5NAMEMAPPIN;S5, CO0NT2*3 #ROM SSCAT.NAMEMAPPIN;S/ SELECT 5NODE;RO0PDE#5, CO0NT2*3 #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PDE#/ SELECT 5NODE;RO0PS5, CO0NT2*3 #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PS/Figure K%?, ;ene'a7e SL 7" >"@n7 '"G(



WIT 7em$% 2n@m3 AS 26AL0ES 2%3,23,2?3,233SELECT CASE n@m WEN % TEN 5SELECT 555 || 7a!name || 555 AS 7name5 WEN TEN 5 ,CO0NT2*35 || 5 AS '"G(5 WEN ? TEN 5#ROM 5 || RTRIM27a!(>ema3

|| 5.5 ANSWER || 7a!name ============================== || 5/5 SELECT 5NAMEMAPPIN;S5 AS 7name WEN TEN 55 ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( END #ROM SSCAT.NAMEMAPPIN;S/#ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e( ,7em$% SELECT 5NODE;RO0PDE#5 AS 7nameWERE 7a!(>ema = 5SSCAT5 ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( AND 7a!name LIE 5NF5 #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PDE#/ORDER B 7a!(>ema ,7a!name SELECT 5NODE;RO0PS5 AS 7name ,n@m/ ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PS/

Figure K%, ;ene'a7e SL 7" >"@n7 '"G(

WIT 7em$% 2n@m3 AS 26AL0ES 2%3,23,2?3,233SELECT CASE n@m WEN % TEN 5SELECT S0M2C%35 Gen 7en 5#ROM 25 WEN ? TEN 5 SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS C% #ROM 5 CONCAT RTRIM27a!(>ema3 CONCAT

5.5 CONCAT 7a!name CONCAT CASE dd WEN % TEN 55 ELSE 5 0NION ALL5 END WEN TEN 53 AS /5 END#ROM 2SELECT 7a!.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B 7a!(>ema ASC ,7a!name ASC3 AS aa ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B 7a!(>ema DESC ,7a!name DESC3 AS dd

#ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e( 7a! WERE 7a!(>ema = 5SSCAT5 AND 7a!name LIE 5NF5 3AS ,7em$%WERE 2n@m 4= AND aa = %3 OR 2n@m = ?3 OR 2n@m = AND dd = %3ORDER B 7a!(>ema ASC ,7a!name ASC ,n@m ASC/ ANSWER ===========================================================

SELECT S0M2C%3 #ROM 2 SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS C% #ROM SSCAT.NAMEMAPPIN;S 0NION ALL SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS C% #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PDE# 0NION ALL SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS C% #ROM SSCAT.NODE;RO0PS 3 AS /Figure K%, ;ene'a7e SL 7" >"@n7 '"G( 2a)) 7a!)e(3

CREATE PROCED0RE C"@n7R"G(2IN in_7a!(>ema 6ARCAR2%3 ,in_7a!name 6ARCAR2%33NOT DETERMINISTICDNAMIC RES0LT SETS %BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE (7m7 CLOB2%M3 DE#A0LT 55/ DECLARE >% C0RSOR WIT RET0RN #OR (%/

SET (7m7 = 5SELECT & #ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%5/

#OR > AS SELECT 7a!(>ema ,7a!name ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B 7a!(>ema ASC ,7a!name ASC3 AS aa ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B 7a!(>ema DESC ,7a!name DESC3 AS dd #ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e( WERE 7a!(>ema LIE in_7a!(>ema AND 7a!name LIE in_7a!name ORDER B 7a!(>ema ASC ,7a!name ASC WIT 0R

DOI# aa = % TEN

SET (7m7 = 5SELECT S0M2>%3 #ROM 25/ END I#/ SET (7m7 = (7m7 || 5SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >% #ROM 5 || RTRIM27a!(>ema3 || 5.5 || 7a!name/ I# dd % TEN SET (7m7 = (7m7 || 5 0NION ALL 5/ ELSE SET (7m7 = (7m7 || 5 3 AS WIT 0R 5/ END I#/

END #OR/

PREPARE (% #ROM (7m7/ OPEN >%/ ENDFigure K%H, C"@n7 '"G( in a)) ma7>in< 7a!)e(

ANSWERS =======CALL C"@n7R"G(25SSCATF5,5F53/ KCALL C"@n7R"G(25SSCATF5,5NF53/ CALL C"@n7R"G(25SSCATF5,5F53/ &Figure K%, R@n $'">ed@'e

CREATE PROCED0RE C"@n7R"G(2IN in_7a!(>ema 6ARCAR2%3 ,in_7a!name 6ARCAR2%33NOT DETERMINISTICDNAMIC RES0LT SETS %BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE 7em$_'"G(, n@m_'"G(, n@m_7a!)e( INTE;ER DE#A0LT &/ DECLARE (7m7 6ARCAR2&&3/ DECLARE >% C0RSOR #OR (%/ DECLARE > C0RSOR WIT RET0RN #OR (/

#OR >? AS

SELECT 7a!(>ema ,7a!name #ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e( WERE 7a!(>ema LIE in_7a!(>ema AND 7a!name LIE in_7a!name ORDER B 7a!(>ema ASC ,7a!name ASC WIT 0R

DOSET (7m7 = 5SELECT CO0NT2*3 AS >% #ROM 5

|| RTRIM27a!(>ema3 || 5.5 || 7a!name/

PREPARE (% #ROM (7m7/ OPEN >%/ #ETC >% INTO 7em$_'"G(/ CLOSE >%/ SET n@m_'"G( = n@m_'"G( + 7em$_'"G(/ SET n@m_7a!)e( = n@m_7a!)e( + %/ END #OR/

SET (7m7 = 5WIT 7em$% 2>%3 AS 26AL0ES 2%33 5 || 5SELECT 5 || CAR2n@m_'"G(3 || 5 AS n@m_'"G( 5 || 5 , 5 || CAR2n@m_7a!)e(3 || 5 AS n@m_7a!)e( 5 || 5#ROM 7em$%5/ PREPARE ( #ROM (7m7/

OPEN >/ ENDFigure K%, C"@n7 '"G( in a)) ma7>in< 7a!)e(

ANSWERS =================== N0M_ROWS N0M_TABLES



-------- ----------CALL C"@n7R"G(25SSCATF5,5F53/ KH %&&CALL C"@n7R"G(25SSCATF5,5NF53/ ?CALL C"@n7R"G(25SSCATF5,5F53/ & &Figure K%K, R@n $'">ed@'e

CREATE PROCED0RE C"@n7R"G(2IN in_7a!(>ema 6ARCAR2%3 ,in_7a!name 6ARCAR2%33NOT DETERMINISTICDNAMIC RES0LT SETS %BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE (7m7 6ARCAR2%&&&3/

DECLARE ;LOBAL TEMPORAR TABLE (e((i"n.7a!_)i(7 27a!(>ema 6ARCAR2%3 NOT N0LL ,7a!name 6ARCAR2%3 NOT N0LL ,7a!>a'd BI;INT NOT N0LL ,n@m_'"G( BI;INT NOT N0LL3

ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS WIT REPLACE/

INSERT INTO (e((i"n.7a!_)i(7 2SELECT 7a!(>ema ,7a!name ,>a'd ,& #ROM (:(>a7.7a!)e( WERE 7a!(>ema LIE in_7a!(>ema AND 7a!name LIE in_7a!name ORDER B 7a!(>ema ASC ,7a!name ASC3/

#OR 9% AS SELECT 7a!(>ema ,7a!name #ROM (e((i"n.7a!_)i(7 DO

SET (7m7 = 50PDATE (e((i"n.7a!_)i(7 5 || 5SET n@m_'"G( = 5 || 5 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 5 || 5 #ROM 5 || 7a!(>ema || 5.5 || 7a!name || 535 ||

5WERE 7a!(>ema = 555 || 7a!(>ema || 5555 || 5 AND 7a!name = 555 || 7a!name || 5555 / PREPARE (% #ROM (7m7/ E1EC0TE (%/ END #OR/

BE;IN DECLARE >% C0RSOR WIT RET0RN #OR SELECT * #ROM (e((i"n.7a!_)i(7 ORDER B 7a!(>ema ,7a!name/

OPEN >%/ END/ ENDFigure K&, C"@n7 '"G( in ea> ma7>in< 7a!)e

WIT 7em$% 2>")%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES & ====== 0NION ALL COL% SELECT >")% + % ---- #ROM 7em$% & WERE >")% + % 4 %&& %3 SELECT * ?#ROM 7em$%/ e7>Figure K%, 0(e 'e>@'(i"n 7" <e7 )i(7 "9 %&& n@m!e'(

SELECT *#ROM TABLE2N@mLi(72%&&33 AS /Figure K, 0(e @(e'-de9ined-9@n>7i"n 7" <e7 )i(7 "9 %&& n@m!e'(

WIT 7em$% 2(%, '%3 AS ANSWER

26AL0ES 2&, RAND2%33 ============ 0NION ALL SE RAN% SELECT (%+%, RAND23 ---- ----- #ROM 7em$% & &.&&% WERE (%+% 4 % &.H?3 &.%K?SELECT SMALLINT2(%3 AS (e ? &.& ,DECIMAL2'%,,?3 AS 'an% &.#ROM 7em$%/Figure K?, 0(e RAND 7" >'ea7e $(e@d"-'and"m n@m!e'(

WIT 7em$% 2(%, '%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2&, RAND233 ======================== 0NION ALL SE RAN RAN% RAN? SELECT (%+%, RAND23 ---- ---- ------ ---- #ROM 7em$% & %? &.&&%? & WERE (%+% 4 % K%H &.K%H 3 ? &.? SELECT SMALLINT2(%3 AS (e ? ?& &.?& ,SMALLINT2'%*%&&&&3 AS 'an KK &.KK ,DECIMAL2'%,H,3 AS 'an%

,SMALLINT2'%*%&3 AS 'an?#ROM 7em$%/Figure K, Mae di99e'in< 'an<e( "9 'and"m n@m!e'(

ANSWER

======================= S RAN% RAN RAN?WIT -- ------ ------ ------7em$% 2(%3 AS & %% ?H?& %%? 26AL0ES 2&3 % ?&K% &?& %&H 0NION ALL %&&% %KK & SELECT (% + % ? %?% ???%% ??K #ROM 7em$% K%% H ?&K% WERE (% + % 4 3SELECT SMALLINT2(%3 AS ( ,INTE;ER22RAND2%33 * %EH3 AS 'an% ,INTE;ER22RAND23 * RAND233 * %EH3 AS 'an

,INTE;ER22RAND23 * RAND23* RAND233 * %EH3 AS 'an?#ROM 7em$%/Figure K, C'ea7e RAND da7a Gi7 di99e'en7 di(7'i!@7i"n(

WIT 7em$% 2(%, '%3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 2&, RAND233 =================== 0NION ALL SE RAN RAN? RAN SELECT (%+%, RAND23 ---- ---- ---- ---- #ROM 7em$% & H A H

WERE (%+% 4 % 1 3 T SELECT SMALLINT2(%3 AS (e ? K O K ,SMALLINT2'%*H+H3 AS 'an 1 ,CR2SMALLINT2'%*H+H33 AS 'an? ,CAR2SMALLINT2'%*H3+H3 AS 'an#ROM 7em$%/Figure KH, C"n8e'7in< RAND "@7$@7 9'"m n@m!e' 7" >a'a>7e'

CREATE TABLE $e'("nne)2em$ INTE;ER NOT N0LL,(">(e> CAR2%%3 NOT N0LL,"!_97n CAR23 NOT N0LL,de$7 SMALLINT NOT N0LL,(a)a': DECIMAL2,3 NOT N0LL,da7e_!n DATE NOT N0LL WIT DE#A0LT,9(7_name 6ARCAR2&3,)(7_name 6ARCAR2&3,CONSTRAINT $e% PRIMAR E 2em$3,CONSTRAINT $e&% CEC 2em$ &3,CONSTRAINT $e& CEC 2LOCATE25 5,(">(e>3 = &3



,CONSTRAINT $e&? CEC 2LOCATE25-5,(">(e>,%3 = 3,CONSTRAINT $e& CEC 2LOCATE25-5,(">(e>,3 = 3,CONSTRAINT $e& CEC 2"!_97n 4 553,CONSTRAINT $e&H CEC 2de$7 BETWEEN % AND KK3,CONSTRAINT $e& CEC 2(a)a': BETWEEN & AND KKKKK3,CONSTRAINT $e& CEC 29(7_name 4 553,CONSTRAINT $e&K CEC 2)(7_name 4 553,CONSTRAINT $e%& CEC 2da7e_!n = 5%K&&-&%-&%5 33/ CREATE 0NI0E INDE1 PE1 ON PERSONNEL 2SOCSEC3/

CREATE 0NI0E INDE1 PE1? ON PERSONNEL 2DEPT, EMP3/Figure K, P'"d@>7i"n-)ie 7e(7 7a!)e DDL

INSERT INTO $e'("nne)WIT 7em$% 2(%,'%,','?,'3 AS 26AL0ES 2& ,RAND23 ,RAND23+2RAND23%E3

,RAND23* RAND23 ,RAND23* RAND23* RAND233 0NION ALL SELECT (% + % ,RAND23 ,RAND23+2RAND23%E3 ,RAND23* RAND23 ,RAND23* RAND23* RAND23 #ROM 7em$% WERE (% 4 %&&&&3SELECT %&&&&& + (% ,S0BSTR2DI;ITS2INT2'*K+%&33,3 || 5-5 || S0BSTR2DI;ITS2INT2'%*+%&33,K3 || 5-5 || TRANSLATE2S0BSTR2DI;ITS2(%3,3,5K?&%H5,5&%?HK53

,CASE WEN INT2'*K3 TEN 5M;R5 WEN INT2'*K3 TEN 5S0PR5 WEN INT2'*K3 ? TEN 5P;MR5 WEN INT2R*K3 % TEN 5SEC5 ELSE 5WR5 END ,INT2'?*K+%3 ,DECIMAL2'*KKKKK,,3 ,DATE25%K?&-&%-&%53 + INT2&-2'*&33 EARS + INT2'*%%3 MONTS + INT2'*3 DAS ,CR2INT2'%*H+H33|| CR2INT2'*H+K33|| CR2INT2'?*H+K33||

CR2INT2'*H+K33|| CR2INT2'?*%&+K33|| CR2INT2'?*%%+K33 ,CR2INT2'*H+H33|| TRANSLATE2CAR2INT2'*%E33,5aaeeii!m7:5,5&%?HK53#ROM 7em$%/Figure K, P'"d@>7i"n-)ie 7e(7 7a!)e INSERT

EMP SOCSEC JOB_ DEPT SALAR DATE_BN #_NME L_NME------ ----------- ---- ---- --------- ---------- --------- ---------

%&&&&& -%&-KKKK WR %?.H? %KK-&%-&% Ammae9 Mim:7m!i%&&&&% K-?-KKK SEC ? ?. %KH-&-%& I)"99 Liiiemea%&&&& KK-K&-KKK WR % %.? %K-&%-&? 1Qa>aa :7ae!ma%&&&&? &-&-KKK? WR ?% %HH?.& %K%-&-& L$iedd Pimmeea7%&&&& H--KKK WR % KH. %KK-&%-&% W<9a>> ;eim7eei%&&&& HH%--KKK WR %K H.? %K-&%-& W'e!!> R!i:!ee7%&&&&H -?-KKK& WR ?. %KK-&%-&% M"!aaa Oiiaiaia%&&&& -?-KKK% SEC ?H ?%&.&K %KH-&?-& Em<dd Mim7mam!%&&&& ?H-%-KKK WR H %&%.%% %K-&-&? Jn!>aa Niee!a:7Figure KK, P'"d@>7i"n-)ie 7e(7 7a!)e, Sam$)e O@7$@7

CREATE TABLE 7ime_(e'ie(2 CAR2&?3 NOT N0LL,!<n_d7 DATE NOT N0LL,end_d7 DATE NOT N0LL,CONSTRAINT 7(>% CEC 2:: 4 553,CONSTRAINT 7(> CEC 2!<n_d7 4= end_d733/COMMIT/

INSERT INTO TIME_(e'ie( 8a)@e(25AAA5,5%KK-%&-&%5,5%KK-%&-&53,25AAA5,5%KK-%&-&H5,5%KK-%&-&H53,25AAA5,5%KK-%&-&5,5%KK-%&-&53,25AAA5,5%KK-%&-%5,5%KK-%&-%K53,25BBB5,5%KK-%&-&%5,5%KK-%&-&%53,25BBB5,5%KK-%&-&?5,5%KK-%&-&?53/Figure K?&, Sam$)e Ta!)e DDL - Time Se'ie(

Figure K?%, O8e')a$$in< Time-Se'ie( '"G( - De9ini7i"n

SELECT :: ANSWER ,!<n_d7 ========= ,end_d7#ROM 7ime_(e'ie( aWERE E1ISTS

2SELECT * #ROM 7ime_(e'ie( ! WERE a.:: = !.:: AND a.!<n_d7 4 !.!<n_d7 AND 2a.!<n_d7 BETWEEN !.!<n_d7 AND !.end_d7 OR !.!<n_d7 BETWEEN a.!<n_d7 AND a.end_d733ORDER B %,/Figure K?, #ind "8e')a$$in< '"G( in 7ime-(e'ie(

SELECT a.:: TIME_SERIES ,a.!<n_d7 +-------------------------+ ,a.end_d7 ||B;N_DT |END_DT | ,!.!<n_d7 |---|----------|----------| ,!.end_d7 |AAA|%KK-%&-&%|%KK-%&-&| ,DAS2!.!<n_d73 - |AAA|%KK-%&-&H|%KK-%&-&H| DAS2A.end_d73 |AAA|%KK-%&-&|%KK-%&-&| a( di99 |AAA|%KK-%&-%|%KK-%&-%K|#ROM 7ime_(e'ie( a |BBB|%KK-%&-&%|%KK-%&-&%|

,7ime_(e'ie( ! |BBB|%KK-%&-&?|%KK-%&-&?|WERE a.:: = !.:: +-------------------------+ AND a.end_d7 4 !.!<n_d7 - % DA AND NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT * #ROM 7ime_(e'ie( Q WERE Q.:: = a.:: AND Q.:: = !.:: AND Q.!<n_d7 a.!<n_d7 AND Q.!<n_d7 4 !.!<n_d73ORDER B %,/Figure K??, #ind <a$ in Time-Se'ie(, SL

ECOL B;N_DT END_DT B;N_DT END_DT DI##------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----AAA %KK-%&-&% %KK-%&-& %KK-%&-&H %KK-%&-&H AAA %KK-%&-& %KK-%&-& %KK-%&-% %KK-%&-%K BBB %KK-%&-&% %KK-%&-&% %KK-%&-&? %KK-%&-&? Figure K?, #ind <a$ in Time-Se'ie(, An(Ge'

SELECT a.:: AS :: TIME_SERIES ,a.end_d7 + % DA AS !<n_<a$ +-------------------------+ ,!.!<n_d7 - % DA AS end_<a$ ||B;N_DT |END_DT | ,2DAS2!.!<n_d73 - |---|----------|----------| DAS2a.end_d73 - %3 AS (Q |AAA|%KK-%&-&%|%KK-%&-&|#ROM 7ime_(e'ie( a |AAA|%KK-%&-&H|%KK-%&-&H| ,7ime_(e'ie( ! |AAA|%KK-%&-&|%KK-%&-&|WERE a.:: = !.:: |AAA|%KK-%&-%|%KK-%&-%K| AND a.end_d7 4 !.!<n_d7 - % DA |BBB|%KK-%&-&%|%KK-%&-&%| AND NOT E1ISTS |BBB|%KK-%&-&?|%KK-%&-&?|

2SELECT * +-------------------------+ #ROM 7ime_(e'ie( Q WERE Q.:: = a.:: ANSWER AND Q.:: = !.:: ============================ AND Q.!<n_d7 a.!<n_d7 B;N_;AP END_;AP S AND Q.!<n_d7 4 !.!<n_d73 --- ---------- ---------- --ORDER B %,/ AAA %KK-%&-& %KK-%&-& % AAA %KK-%&-& %KK-%&-% BBB %KK-%&-& %KK-%&-& %Figure K?, #ind <a$ in Time-Se'ie(

WIT 7em$ TIME_SERIES2::, <a$_d7, <(iQe3 AS +-------------------------+2SELECT a.:: ||B;N_DT |END_DT | ,a.end_d7 + % DA |---|----------|----------| ,2DAS2!.!<n_d73 - |AAA|%KK-%&-&%|%KK-%&-&| DAS2a.end_d73 - %3 |AAA|%KK-%&-&H|%KK-%&-&H| #ROM 7ime_(e'ie( a |AAA|%KK-%&-&|%KK-%&-&|

,7ime_(e'ie( ! |AAA|%KK-%&-%|%KK-%&-%K| WERE a.:: = !.:: |BBB|%KK-%&-&%|%KK-%&-&%| AND a.end_d7 4 !.!<n_d7 - % DA |BBB|%KK-%&-&?|%KK-%&-&?| AND NOT E1ISTS +-------------------------+ 2SELECT * #ROM 7ime_(e'ie( Q WERE Q.:: = a.:: AND Q.:: = !.:: ANSWER AND Q.!<n_d7 a.!<n_d7 ======================= AND Q.!<n_d7 4 !.!<n_d73 ECOL ;AP_DT ;SIE 0NION ALL ------ ---------- ----- SELECT :: AAA %KK-%&-& % ,<a$_d7 + % DA AAA %KK-%&-&

,<(iQe - % AAA %KK-%&-&K H #ROM 7em$ AAA %KK-%&-%& WERE <(iQe % AAA %KK-%&-%% 3 AAA %KK-%&-% ?SELECT * AAA %KK-%&-%? #ROM 7em$ AAA %KK-%&-% %ORDER B %,/ BBB %KK-%&-& %Figure K?H, S"G ea> da: in Time-Se'ie( <a$

Figure K?, TABLESAMPLE S:n7a

SELECT *#ROM (7a99 TABLESAMPLE BERNO0LLI23 REPEATABLE2%?3ORDER B id/Figure K?, Sam$)e '"G( in STA## 7a!)e

SELECT *#ROM em$)":ee ee TABLESAMPLE BERNO0LLI2%3 ,em$_a>7 ea TABLESAMPLE BERNO0LLI23WERE ee.em$n" = ea.em$n"ORDER B ee.em$n"/Figure K?K, Sam$)e '"G( in 7G" 7a!)e(

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============CREATE #0NCTION i(n@me'i>2in(7' 6ARCAR2&33 Ti( eam$)eRET0RNS CAR2%3 @(e( an BE;IN ATOMIC a( 7e (7m7 DECLARE i(_n@m!e' CAR2%3 DE#A0LT 55/ de)imi7e'. DECLARE !<n_!)an CAR2%3 DE#A0LT 55/

DECLARE 9"@nd_n@m CAR2%3 DE#A0LT 5N5/ DECLARE 9"@nd_$"( CAR2%3 DE#A0LT 5N5/ DECLARE 9"@nd_ne< CAR2%3 DE#A0LT 5N5/ DECLARE 9"@nd_d"7 CAR2%3 DE#A0LT 5N5/ DECLARE >7' SMALLINT DE#A0LT %/ I# in(7' IS N0LL TEN RET0RN N0LL/ END I#/ G)""$ WILE >7' 4= LEN;T2in(7'3 AND i(_n@m!e' = 55 DO

-----------------------------

--- ERROR CECS --- ----------------------------- I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 NOT IN 25 5,5.5,5+5,5-5,5&5,5%5,55 ,5?5,55,55,5H5,55,55,5K53 TEN SET i(_n@m!e' = 5N5/ ITERATE G)""$/ END I#/ I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 = 5 5 AND !<n_!)an = 5N5 TEN SET i(_n@m!e' = 5N5/ ITERATE G)""$/ END I#/ I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 = 5.5 AND 9"@nd_d"7 = 55 TEN

SET i(_n@m!e' = 5N5/ ITERATE G)""$/ END I#/ I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 = 5+5 AND 29"@nd_ne< = 55 OR !<n_!)an = 5N53 TEN SET i(_n@m!e' = 5N5/ ITERATE G)""$/ END I#/ I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 = 5-5 AND 29"@nd_ne< = 55 OR !<n_!)an = 5N53 TEN SET i(_n@m!e' = 5N5/

ITERATE G)""$/ END I#/ ----------------------------- --- MAINTAIN #LA;S Z CTR --- ----------------------------- I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 IN 25&5,5%5,55,5?5,55 ,55,5H5,55,55,5K53 TEN SET 9"@nd_n@m = 55/ END I#/ I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 = 5.5 TEN SET 9"@nd_d"7 = 55/ END I#/ I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 = 5+5 TEN

SET 9"@nd_$"( = 55/ END I#/ I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 = 5-5 TEN SET 9"@nd_ne< = 55/ END I#/Figure K, Ce> N@me'i> 9@n>7i"n, $a'7 % "9

I# S0BSTR2in(7',>7',%3 4 5 5 TEN SET !<n_!)an = 5N5/ END I#/ SET >7' = >7' + %/ END WILE G)""$/ I# 9"@nd_n@m = 5N5 TEN SET i(_n@m!e' = 5N5/ END I#/ RET0RN i(_n@m!e'/END

WIT TEMP% 2C%3 AS26AL0ES 5 %?5 ,5+%?.5 ,5H 5 ,5 %& 5 ,5 -.?5 ANSWER ,5++%?H5 ==================== ,5.&%?K5 C% C C? ,5 ??F5 ------- -- --------- ,5 5 %? %?.&&&&& ,N0LL3 +%?. %?.&&&SELECT C% AS C% H N - ,i(n@me'i>2C%3 AS C %& N - ,CASE -.? -&.?&&&

WEN i(n@me'i>2C%3 = 55 ++%?H N - TEN DECIMAL2C%,%&,H3 .&%?K &.&%? ELSE N0LL ??F N - END AS C? N -#ROM TEMP% - - -Figure K, Ce> N@me'i> 9@n>7i"n, $a'7 "9

SELECT d_(a)

,CAR2d_(a)3 AS d_>' ,DI;ITS2d_(a)3 AS d_d<7 ,i_(a) ,CAR2i_(a)3 AS i_>' ,DI;ITS2i_(a)3 AS i_d<7#ROM 2SELECT DEC2(a)a': - %%&&&,H,3 AS d_(a) ,SMALLINT2(a)a': - %%&&&3 AS i_(a) #ROM (7a99 WERE (a)a': %&&&& AND (a)a': 4 %&& 3AS ANSWERORDER B d_(a)/ ========================================= D_SAL D_CR D_D;T I_SAL I_CR I_D;T

------- -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -K.%& -&K.%& &K%& -K -K &&K -%.&& -&&%.&& &&%&& -% -% &&&% &.H& &&.H& &&H& & & &&& %&&K. %&&K. %&&K %&&K %&&K &%&&KFigure KH, CAR and DI;ITS 9@n>7i"n @(a<e

CREATE #0NCTION >a'_'i<72in8a) SMALLINT3RET0RNS CAR2&H3RET0RN RI;T2CAR255,&H3 CONCAT RTRIM2CAR2in8a)33,&H3/

CREATE #0NCTION >a'_'i<72in8a) INTE;ER3RET0RNS CAR2%%3RET0RN RI;T2CAR255,%%3 CONCAT RTRIM2CAR2in8a)33,%%3/

CREATE #0NCTION >a'_'i<72in8a) BI;INT3

RET0RNS CAR2&3RET0RN RI;T2CAR255,&3 CONCAT RTRIM2CAR2in8a)33,&3/Figure K, 0(e'-de9ined 9@n>7i"n( - >"n8e'7 in7e<e' 7" >a'a>7e'

SELECT i_(a) ANSWER ,>a'_'i<72i_(a)3 AS i_>' ===========#ROM 2SELECT SMALLINT2(a)a': - %%&&&3 AS i_(a) I_SAL I_CR #ROM (7a99 ----- ----- WERE (a)a': %&&&& -K -K

AND (a)a': 4 %&& -% -% 3AS & &ORDER B i_(a)/ %&&K %&&KFigure K, C"n8e'7 SMALLINT 7" CAR

CREATE #0NCTION >a'_'i<72in8a) DECIMAL2,33RET0RNS CAR2?3RET0RN RI;T2CAR255,&3 CONCAT RTRIM2CAR2BI;INT2in8a)333,&3

CONCAT 5.5 CONCAT S0BSTR2DI;ITS2in8a)3,%,3/Figure KK, 0(e'-de9ined 9@n>7i"n - >"n8e'7 de>ima) 7" >a'a>7e'

SELECT d_(a) ,>a'_'i<72d_(a)3 AS d_>'#ROM 2SELECT DEC2(a)a': - %%&&&,H,3 AS d_(a) #ROM (7a99

WERE (a)a': %&&&& ANSWER AND (a)a': 4 %&& =============== 3AS D_SAL D_CRORDER B d_(a)/ ------- ------- -K.%& -K.%& -%.&& -%.&& &.H& &.H& %&&K. %&&K.Figure K&, C"n8e'7 DECIMAL 7" CAR

CREATE #0NCTION >"mma_'i<72in8a) DECIMAL2&,33RET0RNS CAR23LAN;0A;E SLDETERMINISTICNO E1TERNAL ACTIONBE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE i INTE;ER DE#A0LT %/ DECLARE a!(_in8a) BI;INT/

DECLARE "@7_8a)@e CAR23/ SET a!(_in8a) = ABS2BI;INT2in8a)33/ SET "@7_8a)@e = RI;T2CAR255,%K3 CONCAT RTRIM2CAR2BI;INT2in8a)333,%K3 CONCAT 5.5 CONCAT S0BSTR2DI;ITS2in8a)3,%K,3/ WILE i DO I# S0BSTR2"@7_8a)@e,i-%,%3 BETWEEN 5&5 AND 5K5 TEN SET "@7_8a)@e = S0BSTR2"@7_8a)@e,%,i-%3 CONCAT 5,5 CONCAT S0BSTR2"@7_8a)@e,i3/ ELSE SET "@7_8a)@e = 5 5 CONCAT "@7_8a)@e/ END I#/

SET i = i - ?/ END WILE/ RET0RN "@7_8a)@e/ENDFigure K%, 0(e'-de9ined 9@n>7i"n - >"n8e'7 de>ima) 7" >a'a>7e' - Gi7 >"mma(

WIT ANSWER7em$% 2n@m3 AS ====================================

26AL0ES 2DEC2+%,&,33 INP0T O0TP0T ,2DEC2-%,&,33 ----------------- ------------------ 0NION ALL -KH&HH&?.K -K,H&,HH&,?.K SELECT n@m * KH.% -KH.% -K,H.% #ROM 7em$% -.&& -.&& WERE ABS2n@m3 4 %E%&3, &.&& &.&&7em$ 2n@m3 AS KH?.% K,H?.% 2SELECT n@m - % KH&HH&%.K K,H&,HH&,%.K #ROM 7em$%3SELECT n@m AS in$@7 ,>"mma_'i<72n@m3 AS "@7$@7#ROM 7em$ORDER B n@m/



Figure K, C"n8e'7 DECIMAL 7" CAR Gi7 >"mma(

WIT 7a!%27(%3 AS26AL0ES CAST25%KK-%%--&?...%?H5 AS TIMESTAMP33

SELECT 7(% = %KK-%%--&?...%?H , E127(%3 = %KK%%&?%?H , DEC2E127(%3,&3 = %KK%%&?%?H. ,#LOAT2DEC2E127(%3,&33 = %.KK%%&?%e+&%K ,REAL 2DEC2E127(%3,&33 = %.KK%%e+&%K#ROM 7a!%/Figure K?, C"n8e'7 Time(7am$ 7" n@m!e'

SELECT em$n" ,9i'(7nme ,)a(7name ,"!#ROM em$)":eeWERE em$n" 4 5&&&%&&5ORDER B em$n"/Figure K, Sam$)e @e': Gi7 n" >")@mn >"n7'")

SELECT em$n" ,CASE "(7-8a'-% WEN % TEN 9i'(7nme ELSE 55 END AS 9i'(7nme ,CASE "(7-8a'- WEN % TEN )a(7name ELSE 55 END AS )a(7name ,CASE "(7-8a'-? WEN % TEN 6ARCAR2"!3 ELSE 55 END AS "!

#ROM em$)":eeWERE em$n" 4 5&&&%&&5ORDER B em$n"/Figure K, Sam$)e @e': Gi7 >")@mn >"n7'")

SELECT id ,(a)a': ,INT2(a)a': %&&3 AS )en

,REPEAT25*5,INT2(a)a': %&&33 AS (a)a':_>a'7#ROM (7a99WERE id %& ANSWER AND id 4 %K& ===================================ORDER B id/ ID SALAR LEN SALAR_CART --- -------- --- --------------- %?& %&&.K& ******* %& %%&.&& % ************** %& %KH.& % ************ %H& KK.& % ***************

%& %.& ******** %& %&&K. ********Figure KH, Mae >a'7 @(in< SL

ANSWER =================================== ID SALAR SALAR_CARTWIT --- -------- --------------------

7em$% 2id, (a)a':3 AS %?& %&&.K& ********* 2SELECT id %& %%&.&& ****************** ,(a)a': %& %KH.& **************** #ROM (7a99 %H& KK.& ******************** WERE id %& %& %.& ********** AND id 4 %K&3, %& %&&K. **********7em$ 2ma_(a)3 AS 2SELECT INT2MA12(a)a':33 & #ROM 7em$%3SELECT id ,(a)a': ,6ARCAR2REPEAT25*5,INT2(a)a': ma_(a)33,&3 AS (a)a':_>a'7#ROM 7em$% ,7em$

ORDER B id/Figure K, Mae >a'7 "9 9ied )en<7

SELECT (e ANSWER SE1 N0M ,CO0NT2*3 AS n@m --- ---#ROM (7a7( # K;RO0P B (e M &ORDER B (e/

Figure K, 0(e ;RO0P B 7" <e7 >"@n7(

WIT 9 293 AS 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM (7a7( WERE (e = 5#53 ,m 2m3 AS 2SELECT CO0NT2*3 #ROM (7a7( WERE (e = 5M53SELECT 9, m#ROM 9, m/Figure KK, 0(e C"mm"n Ta!)e E$'e((i"n 7" <e7 >"@n7(

WIT )i(7_:ea'( 2:ea'3 AS ANSWER 26AL0ES SMALLINT2&3 ============ 0NION ALL EARS STA## SELECT :ea' + % ----- ------ #ROM )i(7_:ea'( & & WERE :ea' 4 3 % %SELECT :ea' AS :ea'( & ,COALESCE2(799,&3 AS (7a99 ? &#ROM )i(7_:ea'( LE#T O0TER JOIN ?

2SELECT :ea'( ,CO0NT2*3 AS (799 #ROM (7a99 WERE 0CASE2name3 LIE 5FEF5 AND :ea'( 4= ;RO0P B :ea'( 3AS ON :ea' = :ea'(ORDER B %/Figure KH, C"@n7 (7a99 "ined $e' :ea', a)) :ea'(

WIT )i(7_:ea'( 2:ea'3 AS ANSWER 26AL0ES SMALLINT2&3 ====== 0NION ALL EAR SELECT :ea' + % ----- #ROM )i(7_:ea'( & WERE :ea' 4 3 SELECT :ea' ?#ROM )i(7_:ea'( :WERE NOT E1ISTS 2SELECT * #ROM (7a99 (

WERE 0CASE2(.name3 LIE 5FEF5 AND (.:ea'( = :.:ea'3ORDER B %/Figure KH, Li(7 :ea'( Gen n" (7a99 "ined

WIT >a7e<"': 2>a7,(@!>a7,de$73 AS26AL0ES 25%ST5,5ROWS IN TABLE 5,553 ,25ND5,5SALAR U& 5,553

,25?RD5,5NAME LIE ABCF5,553 ,25T5,5N0MBER MALES 5,553 0NIONSELECT 5T5,de$7name,de$7n" #ROM de$a'7men73SELECT .>a7 AS >a7e<"': ,.(@!>a7 AS (@!>a7e<"':de$7 ,S0M2.9"@nd3 AS '"G(#ROM 2SELECT >a7.>a7 ,>a7.(@!>a7 ,CASE WEN em$.em$n" IS N0LL TEN &

ELSE % END AS 9"@nd #ROM >a7e<"': >a7 LE#T O0TER JOIN em$)":ee em$ ON >a7.(@!>a7 = 5ROWS IN TABLE5 OR 2>a7.(@!>a7 = 5N0MBER MALES5 AND em$.(e = 5M53 OR 2>a7.(@!>a7 = 5SALAR U&5 AND em$.(a)a': &&&&3

OR 2>a7.(@!>a7 = 5NAME LIE ABCF5 AND em$.9i'(7nme LIE 5ABCF53 OR 2>a7.de$7 4 55 AND >a7.de$7 = em$.G"'de$73 3AS ;RO0P B .>a7 ,.(@!>a7ORDER B %,/Figure KHH, M@)7i$)e >"@n7( in "ne $a((, SL

CATE;OR S0BCATE;ORDEPT ROWS-------- ----------------------------- -----%ST ROWS IN TABLE ?ND SALAR U& ?RD NAME LIE ABCF &T N0MBER MALES %KT ADMINISTRATION SSTEMS HT DE6ELOPMENT CENTER &T IN#ORMATION CENTER ?T MAN0#ACT0RIN; SSTEMS KT OPERATIONS T PLANNIN; %

T SO#TWARE S0PPORT T SPI## COMP0TER SER6ICE DI6. ?T S0PPORT SER6ICES %Figure KH, M@)7i$)e >"@n7( in "ne $a((, An(Ge'

WIT7em$% 2id, da7a3 AS 26AL0ES 2&%,5SOME TE1T TO PARSE.53

,2&,5MORE SAMPLE TE1T.53 ,2&?,5ONE-WORD.53 ,2&,5533,7em$ 2id, G"'d, G"'d, da7a_)e973 AS 2SELECT id ,SMALLINT2%3 ,S0BSTR2da7a,%, CASE LOCATE25 5,da7a3 WEN & TEN LEN;T2da7a3 ELSE LOCATE25 5,da7a3 END3 ,LTRIM2S0BSTR2da7a,



CASE LOCATE25 5,da7a3 WEN & TEN LEN;T2da7a3 + % ELSE LOCATE25 5,da7a3 END33 #ROM 7em$% WERE da7a 4 55 0NION ALL SELECT id ,G"'d + % ,S0BSTR2da7a_)e97,%,

CASE LOCATE25 5,da7a_)e973 WEN & TEN LEN;T2da7a_)e973 ELSE LOCATE25 5,da7a_)e973 END3 ,LTRIM2S0BSTR2da7a_)e97, CASE LOCATE25 5,da7a_)e973 WEN & TEN LEN;T2da7a_)e973 + % ELSE LOCATE25 5,da7a_)e973 END33 #ROM 7em$ WERE da7a_)e97 4 553SELECT *

#ROM 7em$ORDER B %,/Figure KH, B'ea 7e7 in7" G"'d( - SL

ID WORD WORD DATA_LE#T-- ----- --------- -------------- % % SOME TE1T TO PARSE. % TE1T TO PARSE. % ? TO PARSE.

% PARSE. % MORE SAMPLE TE1T. SAMPLE TE1T. ? TE1T. ? % ONE-WORD.Figure KHK, B'ea 7e7 in7" G"'d( - An(Ge'

WIT 7em$% 2de$7,G,name,a))_name(3 AS

2SELECT de$7 ,SMALLINT2%3 ,MIN2name3 ,6ARCAR2MIN2name3,&3 #ROM (7a99 a ;RO0P B de$7 0NION ALL SELECT a.de$7 ,SMALLINT2!.G+%3 ,a.name ,!.a))_name( || 5 5 || a.name #ROM (7a99 a ,7em$% !

WERE a.de$7 = !.de$7 AND a.name !.name AND a.name = 2SELECT MIN2>.name3 #ROM (7a99 > WERE >.de$7 = !.de$7 AND >.name !.name33SELECT de$7 ,G

,name AS ma_name ,a))_name(#ROM 7em$% dWERE G = 2SELECT MA12G3 #ROM 7em$% e WERE d.de$7 = e.de$73ORDER B de$7/Figure K&, Den"'ma)iQe N"'ma)iQed Da7a - SL

DEPT W MA1_NAME ALL_NAMES---- -- --------- ------------------------------------------- %& M")ina'e Danie)( J"ne( L@ M")ina'e % R"7man ane( e'mi(> N<an R"7man & Sneide' Jame( Pe'na) Sande'( Sneide' ? @i<)e: A!'aam( Ma'eni ""ni7Q P)"7Q S>"@77en ama<@>i % Wi))iam( #'a:e L@nd@i(7 Smi7 Wee)e' Wi))iam( HH Wi)("n B@'e ;"nQa)e( ;'aam Lea Wi)("n @i)) Da8i( EdGa'd( ;a9ne: @i))Figure K%, Den"'ma)iQe N"'ma)iQed Da7a - An(Ge'

CREATE #0NCTION )i(7_name(2inde$7 SMALLINT3 IMPORTANTRET0RNS 6ARCAR2&3 ============BE;IN ATOMIC Ti( eam$)e DECLARE "@7(7' 6ARCAR2&3 DE#A0LT 55/ @(e( an #OR )i(7_name( AS a( 7e (7m7 SELECT name de)imi7e'. #ROM (7a99 WERE de$7 = inde$7

ORDER B name DO

SET "@7(7' = "@7(7' || name || 5 5/ END #OR/ SET "@7(7' = '7'im2"@7(7'3/ RET0RN "@7(7'/END

SELECT de$7 AS DEPT ,SMALLINT2>n73 AS W ,m AS MA1_NAME ,)i(7_name(2de$73 AS ALL_NAMES#ROM 2SELECT de$7

,CO0NT2*3 a( >n7 ,MA12name3 AS m #ROM (7a99 ;RO0P B de$7 3a( dddORDER B de$7Figure K, C'ea7in< a 9@n>7i"n 7" den"'ma)iQe name(

CREATE #0NCTION n@m_7"_>a'2in8a) SMALLINT3RET0RNS CAR2&H3RET0RN RI;T2CAR255,&H3 CONCAT RTRIM2CAR2in8a)33,&H3/ CREATE #0NCTION n@m_7"_>a'2in8a) DECIMAL2K,33RET0RNS CAR2%&3RET0RN RI;T2CAR255,3 CONCAT RTRIM2CAR2BI;INT2in8a)333,3 CONCAT 5.5 CONCAT S0BSTR2DI;ITS2in8a)3,,3/

CREATE #0NCTION 'i<7_@(7i9:2in8a) CAR233RET0RNS CAR2%&3RET0RN RI;T2CAR255,%&3 || RTRIM2in8a)3,%&3/Figure K?, Da7a T'an(9"'ma7i"n #@n>7i"n(

WITda7a_in$@7 AS 2SELECT de$7 ,"!

,S0M2(a)a':3 AS (@m_(a) #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 && AND name 4 5S@e5 AND (a)a': %&&&& ;RO0P B de$7 ,"!3,"!(_)i(7 AS 2SELECT "! ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B "! ASC3 AS "!A ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B "! DESC3 AS "!D #ROM da7a_in$@7 ;RO0P B "!3,

de$7_)i(7 AS 2SELECT de$7 #ROM da7a_in$@7 ;RO0P B de$73,de$7_"!(_)i(7 AS 2SELECT d$7.de$7 ,"!."! ,"!."!A ,"!."!D #ROM "!(_)i(7 "! #0LL O0TER JOIN de$7_)i(7 d$7 ON % = %3,

da7a_a))_"!( AS 2SELECT d!.de$7 ,d!."! ,d!."!A ,d!."!D ,COALESCE2da7.(@m_(a),&3 AS (@m_(a) #ROM de$7_"!(_)i(7 d! LE#T O0TER JOIN da7a_in$@7 da7 ON d!.de$7 = da7.de$7

AND d!."! = da7."!3,da7a_7'an(9"'m 2de$7, "!A, "!D, "@78a)@e3 AS 2SELECT de$7 ,"!A ,"!D ,6ARCAR2n@m_7"_>a'2(@m_(a)3,&3 #ROM da7a_a))_"!( WERE "!A = % 0NION ALL SELECT da7.de$7 ,da7."!A ,da7."!D ,7'n."@78a)@e || 5,5 || n@m_7"_>a'2da7.(@m_(a)3

#ROM da7a_7'an(9"'m 7'n ,da7a_a))_"!( da7 WERE 7'n.de$7 = da7.de$7 AND 7'n."!A = da7."!A - %3,da7a_)a(7_'"G AS 2SELECT de$7 ,n@m_7"_>a'2de$73 AS de$7_>a' ,"@78a)@e #ROM da7a_7'an(9"'m WERE "!D = %3,Figure K, T'an(9"'m n@me'i> da7a - $a'7 % "9

"!(_7'an(9"'m 2"!A, "!D, "@78a)@e3 AS 2SELECT "!A ,"!D ,6ARCAR2'i<7_@(7i9:2"!3,&3 #ROM "!(_)i(7 WERE "!A = % 0NION ALL SELECT "!."!A ,"!."!D ,7'n."@78a)@e || 5,5 || 'i<7_@(7i9:2"!."!3

#ROM "!(_7'an(9"'m 7'n ,"!(_)i(7 "! WERE 7'n."!A = "!."!A - %3,"!(_)a(7_'"G AS 2SELECT & AS de$7 ,5 DEPT5 AS de$7_>a' ,"@78a)@e #ROM "!(_7'an(9"'m WERE "!D = %3,da7a_and_"!( AS 2SELECT de$7 ,de$7_>a' ,"@78a)@e

#ROM "!(_)a(7_'"G 0NION ALL SELECT de$7 ,de$7_>a' ,"@78a)@e #ROM da7a_)a(7_'"G3SELECT de$7_>a' || 5,5 || "@78a)@e AS "@7$@7#ROM da7a_and_"!(ORDER B de$7/

Figure K, T'an(9"'m n@me'i> da7a - $a'7 "9

DATA_INP0T O0TP0T=================== =====================================DEPT JOB S0M_SAL DEPT, C)e', M<', Sa)e(---- ----- -------- %&, &.&&, KK.&, &.&& %& M<' KK.& %, HH.&, &HK.&, %H&.? % C)e' HH.& &, .?, %?.&, %%%.

% M<' &HK.& ?, KH.&, %&H., ?%.?& % Sa)e( %H&.? , %&&.K&, %?.&, %&&%. & C)e' .? %, &.&&, %%&.&&, %KH.& & M<' %?.& & Sa)e( %%%. ? C)e' KH.& ? M<' %&H. ? Sa)e( ?%.?& C)e' %&&.K& M<' %?.& Sa)e( %&&%. % M<' %%&.&& % Sa)e( %KH.&Figure KH, C"n7en7( "9 9i'(7 7em$"'a': 7a!)e and 9ina) "@7$@7

--SET DELIMITER IMPORTANT ============CREATE #0NCTION 'e8e'(e2in(7' 6ARCAR2&33 Ti( eam$)eRET0RNS 6ARCAR2&3 @(e( an BE;IN ATOMIC a( 7e (7m7 DECLARE "@7(7' 6ARCAR2&3 DE#A0LT 55/ de)imi7e'. DECLARE >@'!:7e SMALLINT DE#A0LT &/

SET >@'!:7e = LEN;T2RTRIM2in(7'33/ WILE >@'!:7e = % DO SET "@7(7' = "@7(7' || S0BSTR2in(7',>@'!:7e,%3/ SET >@'!:7e = >@'!:7e - %/ END WILE/ RET0RN "@7(7'/END

ANSWERSELECT id AS ID ==================== ,name AS NAME% ID NAME% NAME ,'e8e'(e2name3 AS NAME -- -------- -------#ROM (7a99 %& Sande'( ('ednaSWERE id 4 & & Pe'na) )an'eP

ORDER B id ?& Ma'ena'a>7e' 9ie)d

SELECT id AS ID ,(a)a': AS SALAR%

,DEC2'e8e'(e2CAR2(a)a':33,,3 AS SALAR#ROM (7a99 ANSWERWERE id 4 & ===================ORDER B id/ ID SALAR% SALAR -- -------- ------- %& %?.& .? & %%%. .%% ?& %&H. .H&Figure K, Re8e'(in< n@me'i> 9ie)d

WIT 7em$ 2773 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25 AS LEADIN; BLANS53 ======================= ,25AS TRAILIN; BLANS 53 T1T LEN ,25 BLANS BOT ENDS 533 ------------------- ---SELECT LTRIM2RTRIM27733 AS 77 AS LEADIN; BLANS % ,LEN;T2LTRIM2RTRIM277333 AS )en AS TRAILIN; BLANS %K#ROM 7em$/ BLANS BOT ENDS %HFigure KK, S7'i$$in< )eadin< and 7'ai)in< !)an(

--SET DELIMITER CREATE #0NCTION (7'$2in_8a) 6ARCAR2&3,in_(7'i$ 6ARCAR2%33RET0RNS 6ARCAR2&3BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >@'_$"( SMALLINT/ DECLARE (7$_9)< CAR2%3/ DECLARE "@7_8a) 6ARCAR2&3/ I# in_(7'i$ = 55 TEN SI;NAL SLSTATE 5&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5S7'i$ >a' i( Qe'" )en<75/

END I#/ SET >@'_$"( = %/ SET (7$_9)< = 55/ WILE (7$_9)< = 55 AND >@'_$"( 4= )en<72in_8a)3 DO I# S0BSTR2in_8a),>@'_$"(,%3 4 in_(7'i$ TEN SET (7$_9)< = 5N5/ ELSE SET >@'_$"( = >@'_$"( + %/ END I#/ END WILE/ SET "@7_8a) = S0BSTR2in_8a),>@'_$"(3/ SET >@'_$"( = )en<72"@7_8a)3/ SET (7$_9)< = 55/

WILE (7$_9)< = 55 AND >@'_$"( = % DO I# S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"(,%3 4 in_(7'i$ TEN SET (7$_9)< = 5N5/ ELSE SET >@'_$"( = >@'_$"( - %/ IMPORTANT END I#/ ============ END WILE/ Ti( eam$)e SET "@7_8a) = S0BSTR2"@7_8a),%,>@'_$"(3/ @(e( an RET0RN "@7_8a)/ a( 7e (7m7END de)imi7e'.

Figure K&, De9ine (7'i$ 9@n>7i"n

WIT G"'d% 2G, G"'d_8a)3 AS ANSWER 26AL0ES2%,5&& a!> &&&53 ======================== ,2,5& & a!>53 W WORD_6AL STP LEN ,2?,5 (d!(53 -- ---------- ------ --- ,2,5&&& &53 % && a!> &&& a!> ,2,5&&&&53 & & a!> & a!> H

,2H,5&53 ? (d!( (d!( ,2,5a53 &&& & % ,2,5533 &&&& &SELECT G H & & ,G"'d_8a) a a % ,(7'$2G"'d_8a),5&53 AS (7$ & ,)en<72(7'$2G"'d_8a),5&533 AS )en#ROM G"'d%ORDER B G/Figure K%, 0(e (7'i$ 9@n>7i"n

WIT 7em$% 2n@m,7(%,7(3 AS26AL0ES 2INT2%3 ,TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E233 ,TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E2333 0NION ALL SELECT n@m + % ,7(% ,TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E233 #ROM 7em$% WERE TIMESTAMPDI##2,CAR27(-7(%33 4 3

SELECT MA12n@m3 AS )""$( ,MIN27(3 AS !<n_7ime(7am$ ,MA127(3 AS end_7ime(7am$#ROM 7em$%/ ANSWER ============================================================ LOOPS B;N_TIMESTAMP END_TIMESTAMP ------ -------------------------- -------------------------- ? &&%-&-&K-..%.K &&%-&-&K-..%H.H?Figure K, R@n @e': 9"' 9"@' (e>"nd(



CREATE #0NCTION $a@(e2in8a) INT3RET0RNS INTE;ERNOT DETERMINISTICE1TERNAL ACTIONRET0RNWIT 777 2n@m, (7'7, (7"$3 AS 26AL0ES 2%

,TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E233 ,TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E2333 0NION ALL SELECT n@m + % ,(7'7 ,TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E233 #ROM 777 WERE TIMESTAMPDI##2,CAR2(7"$ - (7'733 4 in8a) 3SELECT MA12n@m3#ROM 777/Figure K?, #@n>7i"n 7a7 $a@(e( 9"' n (e>"nd(

SELECT id ,S0BSTR2CAR2TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E2333,%3 AS ((_mmmmmm ,$a@(e2id %&3 AS )""$( ,S0BSTR2CAR2TIMESTAMP2;ENERATE_0NI0E2333,%3 AS ((_mmmmmm#ROM (7a99WERE id 4 ?%/ ANSWER ============================= ID SS_MMMMMM LOOPS SS_MMMMMM

-- --------- ------ --------- %& &.&HK? H?H &.&H & .&H %&K .&H? ?& .&HK?& &H%&% .&HK?Figure K, @e': 7a7 @(e( $a@(e 9@n>7i"n

--SET DELIMITER

CREATE #0NCTION ("'7_>a'2in_8a) 6ARCAR2&3,("'7_di' 6ARCAR2%33RET0RNS 6ARCAR2&3BE;IN ATOMIC DECLARE >@'_$"( SMALLINT/ DECLARE d"_("'7 CAR2%3/ DECLARE "@7_8a) 6ARCAR2&3/ I# 0CASE2("'7_di'3 NOT IN 25A5,5D53 TEN SI;NAL SLSTATE 5&&%5 SET MESSA;E_TE1T = 5S"'7 "'de' n"7 55A55 "' 55D555/ END I#/ SET "@7_8a) = in_8a)/ SET d"_("'7 = 55/ WILE d"_("'7 = 55 DO

SET d"_("'7 = 5N5/ IMPORTANT SET >@'_$"( = %/ ============ WILE >@'_$"( 4 )en<72in_8a)3 DO Ti( eam$)e I# 20CASE2("'7_di'3 = 5A5 @(e( an AND S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"(+%,%3 4 a( 7e (7m7 S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"(,%33 de)imi7e'. OR 20CASE2("'7_di'3 = 5D5 AND S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"(+%,%3 S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"(,%33 TEN SET d"_("'7 = 55/

SET "@7_8a) = CASE WEN >@'_$"( = % TEN 55 ELSE S0BSTR2"@7_8a),%,>@'_$"(-%3 END CONCAT S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"(+%,%3 CONCAT S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"( ,%3 CONCAT CASE WEN >@'_$"( = )en<72in_8a)3 - % TEN 55 ELSE S0BSTR2"@7_8a),>@'_$"(+3 END/

END I#/ SET >@'_$"( = >@'_$"( + %/ END WILE/ END WILE/ RET0RN "@7_8a)/ENDFigure K, De9ine ("'7->a' 9@n>7i"n

WIT G"'d% 2G, G"'d_8a)3 AS ANSWER

26AL0ES2%,5%?H53 ============================= ,2,5ABCDE#;53 W WORD_6AL SA SD ,2?,5AaB!C>53 -- --------- ------- -------- ,2,5a!>>!53 % %?H %?H H?% ,2,555F.53 ABCDE#; ABCDE#; ;#EDCBA ,2H,5!B53 ? AaB!C> aA!B>C C>B!Aa ,2,5a53 a!>>! a!!>> >>!!a ,2,5533 5F. .5F F5.SELECT G H !B !B B! ,G"'d_8a) a a a ,("'7_>a'2G"'d_8a),5a53 (a ,("'7_>a'2G"'d_8a),5D53 (d#ROM G"'d%

ORDER B G/Figure KH, 0(e ("'7->a' 9@n>7i"n

WIT n@m!e'ed_'"G( AS 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B (a)a':, id3 AS '"G #ROM (7a99 (

WERE >"mm & AND name LIE 5FeF53,median_'"G_n@m AS 2SELECT "! ,2MA12'"G + %.&3 3 - &. AS med_)" ,2MA12'"G + %.&3 3 + &. AS med_i #ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( ;RO0P B "!3SELECT nn."! ,DEC2A6;2nn.(a)a':3,,3 AS med_(a)

#ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( nn ANSWER ,median_'"G_n@m m' ==============WERE nn."! = m'."! JOB MED_SAL AND nn.'"G BETWEEN m'.med_)" AND m'.med_i ----- --------;RO0P B nn."! C)e' %?&?&.&ORDER B nn."!/ Sa)e( %?.%&Figure K, Ca)>@)a7in< 7e median

WIT n@m!e'ed_'"G( AS 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B (a)a':, id3 AS '"G #ROM (7a99 ( WERE >"mm & AND name LIE 5FeF53,median_'"G_n@m AS 2SELECT "! ,2MA12'"G + %.&3 3 - &. AS med_)" ,2MA12'"G + %.&3 3 + &. AS med_i ,DEC2A6;2(a)a':3,,3 AS a8<_(a) ,CO0NT2*3 AS '"G( #ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G(

;RO0P B "!3SELECT nn."! ,DEC2A6;2nn.(a)a':3,,3 AS med_(a) ,MA12m'.a8<_(a)3 AS a8<_(a) ,MA12m'.'"G(3 AS '#ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( nn ,median_'"G_n@m m' ANSWERWERE nn."! = m'."! ========================== AND nn.'"G BETWEEN m'.med_)" JOB MED_SAL A6;_SAL R AND m'.med_i ----- -------- -------- --;RO0P B nn."! C)e' %?&?&.& %.H ORDER B nn."!/ Sa)e( %?.%& %H&.K? Figure K, ;e7 median $)@( a8e'a<e

WIT n@m!e'ed_'"G( AS 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B (a)a':, id3 AS '"G #ROM (7a99 ( WERE >"mm & AND name LIE 5FeF53,

median_'"G_n@m AS 2SELECT "! ,MA12'"G + %3 AS med_'"G #ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( ;RO0P B "!3SELECT nn."! ,nn.(a)a': AS med_(a) ANSWER#ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( nn ============== ,median_'"G_n@m m' JOB MED_SALWERE nn."! = m'."! ----- --------

AND nn.'"G = m'.med_'"G C)e' %?&?&.&ORDER B nn."!/ Sa)e( %H.&Figure KK, Ca)>@)a7in< 7e median

WIT n@m!e'ed_'"G( AS 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B (a)a':, id3 AS '"G

#ROM (7a99 ( WERE >"mm & AND name LIE 5FeF53SELECT "! ,(a)a': AS med_(a)#ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G(WERE 2"!,'"G3 IN ANSWER 2SELECT "! ============== ,MA12'"G + %3 JOB MED_SAL #ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( ----- -------- ;RO0P B "!3 C)e' %?&?&.&ORDER B "!/ Sa)e( %H.&Figure KK&, Ca)>@)a7in< 7e median

WIT n@m!e'ed_'"G( AS 2SELECT (.* ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2PARTITION B "! ORDER B (a)a':, id3 AS '"G #ROM (7a99 ( WERE >"mm & AND name LIE 5FeF53SELECT '%.*

,2SELECT '.(a)a': #ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( ' WERE '."! = '%."! AND '.'"G = 2SELECT MA12'?.'"G + %3 #ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( '? WERE '."! = '?."!33 AS med_(a)#ROM n@m!e'ed_'"G( '%ORDER B "! ,(a)a':/Figure KK%, Li(7 ma7>in< '"G( and median

WIT 7em$% 2>%,7%,73 AS 26AL0ES ANSWER 25A5 ========= ,TIMESTAMP25%KKH-&-&%-.&&.&&.&&&&&&53

,TIMESTAMP25%KKH-&-&-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&&53 33SELECT >%#ROM 7em$%WERE 7% = 7/

Figure KK, Time(7am$ >"m$a'i("n - In>"''e>7

WIT 7em$% 2>%,7%,73 AS 26AL0ES ANSWER 25A5 ====== ,TIMESTAMP25%KKH-&-&%-.&&.&&.&&&&&&53 C% ,TIMESTAMP25%KKH-&-&-&&.&&.&&.&&&&&&53 33 --SELECT >% A#ROM 7em$%

WERE 7% + & MICROSECOND = 7 + & MICROSECOND/Figure KK?, Time(7am$ >"m$a'i("n - C"''e>7

CREATE TABLE (@$e'ma'e7_(a)e(2(a)e(_7( TIMESTAMP NOT N0LL,(a)e(_8a) DECIMAL2,3 NOT N0LL,PRIMAR E2(a)e(_7(33/Figure KK, Sam$)e Ta!)e

INSERT INTO (@$e'ma'e7_(a)e( 6AL0ES25&&?-&-&%-.&&.&&.&&&&&&5,%?.3/Figure KK, In(e'7 '"G

SELECT *#ROM (@$e'ma'e7_(a)e(WERE DATE2(a)e(_7(3 = 5&&?-&-&%5ORDER B (a)e(_7(/Figure KKH, Se)e>7 '"G( 9"' <i8en da7e

SELECT *

#ROM (@$e'ma'e7_(a)e(WERE (a)e(_7( BETWEEN 5&&?-&-&%-&&.&&.&&5 AND 5&&?-&-&%-.&&.&&5ORDER B (a)e(_7(/Figure KK, Se)e>7 '"G( 9"' <i8en da7e

SELECT >'ea7"' ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ========WERE >'ea7"' = 55/Figure KK, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2% "9 3

SELECT MA12>'ea7"'3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ======

WERE >'ea7"' = 55/Figure KKK, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2 "9 3

SELECT MA12>'ea7"'3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ========WERE >'ea7"' = 55A6IN; MA12>'ea7"'3 IS NOT N0LL/Figure %&&&, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2? "9 3

SELECT MA12>'ea7"'3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ========WERE >'ea7"' = 55A6IN; MA12>'ea7"'3 = 55/Figure %&&%, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2 "9 3

SELECT MA12>'ea7"'3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ========WERE >'ea7"' = 55;RO0P B >'ea7"'/Figure %&&, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2 "9 3

SELECT >'ea7"' ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ========WERE >'ea7"' = 55;RO0P B >'ea7"'/Figure %&&?, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2H "9 3

SELECT CO0NT2*3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ========WERE >'ea7"' = 55;RO0P B >'ea7"'/Figure %&&, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2 "9 3

SELECT CO0NT2*3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(7a!)e( ======WERE >'ea7"' = 55/ &Figure %&&, @e': Gi7 n" ma7>in< '"G( 2 "9 3

SELECT COALESCE2name,n"name3 AS nme ANSWER ,COALESCE2(a)a':,n"(a)3 AS (a) ============#ROM 2SELECT 5NO NAME5 AS n"name NME SAL ,& AS n"(a) ------- ----

#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:% NO NAME &.&& 3AS nnnLE#T O0TER JOIN 2SELECT * #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 3AS ON % = %ORDER B name/Figure %&&H, A)Ga:( <e7 a '"G, eam$)e % "9

WIT nnn 2n"name, n"(a)3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES 25NO NAME5,&33 ============SELECT COALESCE2name,n"name3 AS nme NME SAL ,COALESCE2(a)a':,n"(a)3 AS (a) ------- ----#ROM nnn NO NAME &.&&LE#T O0TER JOIN 2SELECT * #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 3AS

ON % = %ORDER B NAME/Figure %&&, A)Ga:( <e7 a '"G, eam$)e "9

SELECT DATE25&&%-&K-53 ANSWER

#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/ ========== &&%-&K-Figure %&&, C"n8e'7 8a)@e 7" DB da7e, 'i<7

SELECT DATE2&&%-&K-3 ANSWER#ROM (:(i!m.(:(d@mm:%/ ========== &&&H-&-Figure %&&K, C"n8e'7 8a)@e 7" DB da7e, G'"n<

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ===========#ROM (7a99 ID NAMEWERE id 4= %&& -- -------- AND id = 2INT2RAND23* %&3 * %&3 + %& ?& Ma'en<iORDER B id/ H& @i<)e:Figure %&%&, ;e7 'and"m '"G( - In>"''e>7

WIT 7em$ AS ANSWER2SELECT id ==================== ,name ID NAME RAN EL ,2INT2RAND2&3* %&3 * %&3 + %& AS 'an --- -------- --- --- #ROM (7a99 %& Sande'( %& WERE id 4= %&& & Pe'na) ?&3 ?& Ma'en<i &SELECT 7.* & O5B'ien %&

,CASE id & ane( ?& WEN 'an TEN 55 H& @i<)e: & ELSE 5 5 & R"7man ?& END AS e) & Jame( %&&#ROM 7em$ 7 K& ""ni7Q &ORDER B id/ %&& P)"7Q %&& Figure %&%%, ;e7 'and"m '"G( - E$)ana7i"n

WIT ANSWER(7a99_n@m!e'ed AS =========== 2SELECT (.* ID NAME ,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER23 AS '"G --- ------- #ROM (7a99 ( %& Sande'( WERE id 4= %&& & Pe'na)3, K& ""ni7Q>"@n7_'"G( AS 2SELECT MA12'"G3 AS '"G( #ROM (7a99_n@m!e'ed

3,'and"m_8a)@e( 2RAN3 AS 26AL0ES 2RAND233 ,2RAND233 ,2RAND2333,'"G(_7&_<e7 AS 2SELECT INT2'an * '"G(3 + % AS <e7_'"G #ROM 'and"m_8a)@e( ,>"@n7_'"G(3SELECT id ,name

#ROM (7a99_n@m!e'ed ,'"G(_7&_<e7WERE '"G = <e7_'"GORDER B id/Figure %&%, ;e7 'and"m '"G( - N"n-di(7in>7

SELECT id ANSWER ,name ===========#ROM 2SELECT (.* ID NAME

,ROW_N0MBER23 O6ER2ORDER B RAND233 AS ' -- -------- #ROM (7a99 ( %& Sande'( WERE id 4= %&& & O5B'ien 3AS H& @i<)e:WERE ' 4= ?ORDER B id/Figure %&%?, ;e7 'and"m '"G( - Di(7in>7

WIT 7em$% 2!<n_7(7am$, e)$_(e>3 AS26AL0ES 2TIMESTAMP25&&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.&&&&&&53, %.?3 ,2TIMESTAMP25&&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.%?H53, %.?33SELECT !<n_7(7am$ ,e)$_(e> ,!<n_7(7am$ + e)$_(e> SECONDS AS end_7(7am$#ROM 7em$%/

ANSWER ======

B;N_TSTAMP ELP_SEC END_TSTAMP -------------------------- ------- -------------------------- &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.&&&&&& %.? &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&.&&&&&& &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.%?H %.? &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&.%?HFigure %&%, Da7eTime mani$@)a7i"n - G'"n<

WIT 7em$% 2!<n_7(7am$, e)$_(e>3 AS26AL0ES 2TIMESTAMP25&&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.&&&&&&53, %.?3 ,2TIMESTAMP25&&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.%?H53, %.?33SELECT !<n_7(7am$ ,e)$_(e> ,!<n_7(7am$ + 2e)$_(e> *%EH3 MICROSECONDS AS end_7(7am$#ROM 7em$%/

ANSWER

====== B;N_TSTAMP ELP_SEC END_TSTAMP -------------------------- ------- -------------------------- &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.&&&&&& %.? &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&.?&&& &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&?.%?H %.? &&%-&%-%-&%.&.&.?HFigure %&%, Da7eTime mani$@)a7i"n - 'i<7

WIT 7em$% 2>&,>%,8%3 AS 26AL0ES ANSWER 25A5,CAR25 5,%3,6ARCAR25 5,%33, ======

25B5,CAR25 5,%3,6ARCAR255 ,%333 C&SELECT >& --#ROM 7em$% AWERE >% = 8% B AND >% LIE 5 5/Figure %&%H, 0(e LIE "n CAR 9ie)d

WIT 7em$% 2>&,>%,8%3 AS 26AL0ES ANSWER

25A5,CAR25 5,%3,6ARCAR25 5,%33, ====== 25B5,CAR25 5,%3,6ARCAR255 ,%333 C&SELECT >& --#ROM 7em$% AWERE >% = 8% AND 8% LIE 5 5/Figure %&%, 0(e LIE "n 6ARCAR 9ie)d

WIT 7em$% 2>&,>%,8%3 AS 26AL0ES ANSWER 25A5,CAR25 5,%3,6ARCAR25 5,%33, ====== 25B5,CAR25 5,%3,6ARCAR255 ,%333 C&SELECT >& --#ROM 7em$% AWERE >% = 8% B AND RTRIM28%3 LIE 55/Figure %&%, 0(e RTRIM 7" 'em"8e 7'ai)in< !)an(

WIT 7em$% 2::mmdd3 AS ANSWER26AL0ES DATE25&&&-&%-&%53 ========================== 0NION ALL EAR MIN_DT MA1_DT SELECT ::mmdd + % DA ---- ---------- ---------- #ROM 7em$% &&& &&&-&-&H &&&-&-% WERE ::mmdd 4 5&%&-%-?%5 &&% &&%-&-% &&%-&-%3 && &&-&-%% &&-&-%SELECT :: AS :ea' &&? &&?-&-%& &&?-&-%H ,CAR2MIN2::mmdd3,ISO3 AS min_d7 && &&-&-& &&-&-%

,CAR2MA12::mmdd3,ISO3 AS ma_d7 && &&-&-& &&-&-%?#ROM 2SELECT ::mmdd &&H &&H-&-%? &&H-&-%K ,EAR2::mmdd3 :: && &&-&-% &&-&-% ,WEE2::mmdd3 G && &&-&-%& &&-&-%H #ROM 7em$% &&K &&K-&-&K &&K-&-% WERE WEE2::mmdd3 = ?? &%& &%&-&-& &%&-&-% 3AS ;RO0P B :: ,G/Figure %&%K, C"m$a'in< Gee ?? "8e' %& :ea'(

SELECT S0M2INTE;ER2(a)a':33 AS (% ANSWER ,INTE;ER2S0M2(a)a':33 AS ( =============#ROM (7a99/ S% S ------ ------ ?H?? ?HFigure %&&, DB da7a 7'@n>a7i"n

SELECT S0M2INTE;ER2RO0ND2(a)a':,-%333 AS (% ANSWER ,INTE;ER2S0M2(a)a':33 AS ( =============#ROM (7a99/ S% S ------ ------ ?H& ?HFigure %&%, DB da7a '"@ndin<

SELECT )a(7name ANSWER ,(e ================= ,CASE LASTNAME S1 S11 WEN (e = 5#5 TEN 5#EM5 ---------- -- --- WEN (e = 5M5 TEN 5MAL5 JE##ERSON M #EM END AS ( JONSON # #EM#ROM em$)":ee JONES M #EMWERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5ORDER B %/Figure %&, Ca(e WEN P'">e((in< - In>"''e>7

SELECT )a(7name ANSWER ,(e ================= ,CASE LASTNAME S1 S11 WEN (e = 5M5 TEN 5MAL5 ---------- -- --- WEN (e = 5#5 TEN 5#EM5 JE##ERSON M MAL END AS ( JONSON # #EM#ROM em$)":ee JONES M MAL

WERE )a(7name LIE 5JF5ORDER B %/Figure %&?, Ca(e WEN P'">e((in< - C"''e>7

SELECT A6;2(a)a':3 A6;2>"mm3 AS a% ANSWER A% A ,A6;2(a)a': >"mm3 AS a -- -----#ROM (7a99/ ? H%.KFigure %&, Di8i(i"n and A8e'a<e

SELECT i'eda7e ANSWER#ROM em$)":ee ==========WERE i'eda7e 4 5%KH&-&%-&%5 %K-&-&ORDER B %/ %KK-&-% %K-&-%HFigure %&, DATE "@7$@7 in :ea', m"n7, da: "'de'

SELECT CAR2i'eda7e,0SA3 ANSWER#ROM em$)":ee ==========WERE i'eda7e 4 5%KH&-&%-&%5 &&%KORDER B %/ &%H%K &%%KKFigure %&H, DATE "@7$@7 in m"n7, da:, :ea' "'de'

E1EC-SL DECLARE 9'ed C0RSOR #OR SELECT * #ROM (7a99 WERE id 4 %&&& ORDER B id/END-E1EC/

E1EC-SL OPEN 9'edEND-E1EC/ DO 0NTIL SLCODE = %&&/

E1EC-SL #ETC 9'ed INTO OST-6ARS END-E1EC/

I# SLCODE 4 %&& TEN DO/

SET OST-6AR.ID = OST-6AR.ID + &&/ E1EC-SL INSERT INTO (7a99 6AL0ES 2OST-6ARS3 END-E1EC/ END-DO/ END-DO/ E1EC-SL CLOSE 9'edEND-E1EC/Figure %&, Am!i<@"@( C@'("'

SELECT 'e<i"n_>"de AS 'e<i"n ,$'"d@>7_7:$e AS $7:$e ,"'de'_n@m!e' AS "'de' ,"'de'_8a)@e AS 8a)@e#ROM "'de'_7a!)eWERE "'de'_da7e = 5&&-%-5ORDER B 'e<i"n_>"de ,$'"d@>7_7:$eWIT CS/

Figure %&, Se)e>7 9'"m ORDER 7a!)e

RE;ION PTPE ORDER 6AL0E------ ----- ------ -----EAST ;OOD %%% .HH 4----- Same ORDEREAST J0N H.?? |EAST NICE ??? %?. |EAST NICE %?. |

EAST TRAS %%% .HH 4---+Figure %&K, Sam$)e @e': "@7$@7

SAME RES0LT #ETC SAME 0NCOMMITTED ROWSC0RSOR WIT OPTION I# R0N TWICE ROW ONCE ROWS SEEN LOCED

===================== ============ ========== =========== ========RR - Re$ea7a!)e Read e( Ne8e' Ne8e' Man:A))RS - Read S7a!i)i7: N" 2in(e'7(3 Ne8e' Ne8e' Man:A))CS - C@("' S7a!i)i7: N" 2a)) DML3 Ma:!e Ne8e' C@''en70R - 0n>"mmi77ed Read N" 2a)) DML3 Ma:!e e( N"neFigure %&?&, WIT O$7i"n 8(. A>7i"n(

WIT 7em$ 29%3 AS

26AL0ES #LOAT2%.?HK3 0NION ALL SELECT 9% * %& #ROM 7em$ WERE 9% 4 %E%3SELECT 9% AS 9)"a7% ,DEC29%,%K3 AS de>ima)% ,BI;INT29%3 AS !i<in7%#ROM 7em$/Figure %&?%, M@)7i$): 9)"a7in<-$"in7 n@m!e' !: 7en, SL

#LOAT% DECIMAL% BI;INT%------------------------ -------------------- ------------------- +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&& %. % +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&% %. % +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?. %? +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&? %?. %? +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?. %? +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?H. %?H +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&H %?H. %?H +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?H. %?H

+%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& %?HK. %?H +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&K %?HK&. %?HK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&%& %?HK&&. %?HKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&%% %?HK&&&. %?HKKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&. %?HKKKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&%? %?HK&&&&&. %?HKKKKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&%H %?HK&&&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKKK +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&% %?HK&&&&&&&&&&. %?HKKKKKKKFigure %&?, M@)7i$): 9)"a7in<-$"in7 n@m!e' !: 7en, an(Ge'

WIT 7em$ 29%,93 AS26AL0ES 2#LOAT2%.?HKE% * %& * %& * %& * %& * %& * %& * %&3 ,#LOAT2%.?HKE333SELECT 9% ,9

#ROM 7em$ ANSWERWERE 9% 4 9/ ============================================= #% # ---------------------- ---------------------- +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&& +%.?HK&&&&&&E+&&Figure %&??, TG" n@m!e'( 7a7 )"" e@a), !@7 a'en57 e@a)

WIT 7em$ 29%,93 AS

26AL0ES 2#LOAT2%.?HKE% * %& * %& * %& * %& * %& * %& * %&3 ,#LOAT2%.?HKE333SELECT E129%3 AS e_9% ,E1293 AS e_9#ROM 7em$ ANSWERWERE 9% 4 9/ ================================= E1_#% E1_# ---------------- ---------------- ######??H#KD% &&&&&&?H#KD%Figure %&?, TG" n@m!e'( 7a7 )"" e@a), !@7 a'en57 e@a), ("Gn in E1

WIT7em$% 2de>%, d!)%3 AS 26AL0ES 2DECIMAL2%3,DO0BLE2%333,7em$ 2de>%, de>, d!)%, d!)3 AS 2SELECT de>% ,de>% ? AS de> ,d!)% ANSWER 2% '"G 'e7@'ned3 ,d!)% ? AS d!) ============================== #ROM 7em$%3 DEC% = %.&SELECT * DEC = &.????????????????????#ROM 7em$ DBL% = +%.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E+&&&

WERE d!) 4 de>/ DBL = +?.??????????????E-&&%Figure %&?, C"m$a'in< 9)"a7 and de>ima) di8i(i"n

WIT 7em$ 29%, d%3 AS26AL0ES 2#LOAT2%.?HK3 ,DEC2%.?HK,&,%&33 0NION ALL SELECT 9% * %&



,d% * %& #ROM 7em$ WERE 9% 4 %EK3SELECT 9%

d%

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