day: wednesday 9 th november session: 13.30 - 15.45 speaker: daniel steudler
DESCRIPTION
Day: Wednesday 9 th November Session: 13.30 - 15.45 Speaker: Daniel Steudler Topic: Switzerland LAS. Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model. Dr. Daniel Steudler Swiss Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying. Table of Content. Country description - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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• Day: Wednesday 9th November• Session: 13.30 - 15.45• Speaker: Daniel Steudler
• Topic: Switzerland LAS
Bundesamt für LandestopographieOffice fédéral de topographieUfficio federale di topografiaUffizi federal da topografia
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS ModelSystem and Review of LAS Model
Dr. Daniel SteudlerSwiss Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Table of ContentTable of Content
• Country description
• Positive aspects of country experience
• Negative aspects of country experience
• Building in the cadastre
• EU influence
• Three key improvements in the next decade
• Critique of the integrated model in context of Switzerland with a view to improving the LAS
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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SWITZERLAND
7.3 million people41'290 km2
4.0 million parcels
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26 Cantons …26 Cantons …Cantons maintain
political and administrative bodies on their
own
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… … and 2903 Municipalitiesand 2903 MunicipalitiesCantons are
further divided into municipalities
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Organisations involved in cadastral systemOrganisations involved in cadastral system
Government Federal Parliament
Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo)
Federal Office for Justice
Directorate ofCad. Surveying
Federal Level
Licensing Commission for Cadastral Surveying
Cantonal Level
21 CantonalSurveying
Offices
~350 Cantonal and Regional Land
Registry Offices
26 Cantonal Governments
26 CantonalParliaments
Dept. for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
Department of Justice- and Police7 Federal Departments
COSIG
Community Level
~15 City & MunicipalSurveying Offices
~270 Private LicensedLand Surveying Offices
Private
Notary Offices
Office for Land Registry and Real
Estate Law
Cadastral Surveying Land Registration
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Organisation of cadastral surveyingOrganisation of cadastral surveying
Organisation
Confederation
Canton
Level
Municipality
Private Land Surveying OfficesCity Surveying Offices
~3000 employees
Execution
Cantonal Surveying Offices
~300 employees
Operational management
Tasks
Federal Directorateof Cadastral Surveying
~15 employees
Supervision,strategic management
Contracts
Office heads at all levels: have to hold the federal license for cadastral land surveyor
Agreements
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Legal basis and objectivesLegal basis and objectives
Swiss Civil Code, 1912
• Security of ownership, efficient land market, and mortgaging of real estates
Objectives of the legislator:
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Swiss civil codeSwiss civil code (in force since 1.1.1912) (in force since 1.1.1912)
Art. 9421 All rights on real estates have to be registered in the land registry.2 The land registry consists of the main book with its associated maps, the auxiliary registers (in particular the list of property owners), the deeds (records and evidences), the description of properties, and the day book.Art. 9501 Registration and description of the properties in the land register have to be done on the basis of a map, which as a rule, has to be the result of an official cadastral survey.2 The Federal Council decides on which principles these maps have to be based upon.
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Swiss cadastral systemSwiss cadastral system
Land RegisterCadastral Surveying
•main book•auxiliary registers (in particular the list of property owners)
•deeds (records and evidences)
•description of properties
•day book
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Legal act 1993, adding a new and extended purposeLegal act 1993, adding a new and extended purpose
Art. 1: Definition and Objective
Ordnance for Official Surveying (VAV, 1.1.1993)
1 In terms of the Civil Law, cadastral surveying is considered to be surveying – approved by the Confederation – for the purpose of operating the land registry.
2 The data of cadastral surveying shall serve as basis for the establishment and the operation of land information systems and shall be suited for public and private purposes.
Verordnung über die
Amtliche Vermessung
(VAV, 1.1.1993)
Art. 1 Begriff und Zweck
1 Als amtliche
Vermessungen im Sinne
des ZGB gelten die zur
Anlage und Führung des
Grundbuches vom Bund
anerkannten
Vermessungen.
2 Die Daten der amtlichen
Vermessung sollen als
Grundlage für den Aufbau
und den Betrieb von
Landinformationssystemen
dienen und für öffentliche
und private Zwecke
verwendet werden können.
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Basic principles of the cadastral systemBasic principles of the cadastral system
• Partnership Confederation - Canton (- Communities)
• Public Private Partnership (PPP)
• Decentralized structure
• Free market, tendering
• Costs are borne mainly by Confederation
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Conceptual elements of AV93Conceptual elements of AV93
- Clear definition of the product
- Independent information layers (link between layers only trough geographic location)
- Freedom of methods and systems (as basis for tendering)
- Standardized way of description and transfer of data (INTERLIS)
ili itf
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OwnershipMaintenance
Identifier Description Perimeter Validity Date1 Date2 Date3
PROJOwnership
OSKey -> Number Geometry Origin
PROJOwnershipPosition
Object -> NumberPosition NumberOrientation NumberHorizontalAlignment NumberVerticalAlignment
Parcel
Object -> Geometry Surface
OwnershipPosition
Object -> NumberPosition NumberOrientation NumberHorizontalAlignment NumberVerticalAlignment
1
mc
1
1
m
LimitPoint
OSKey -> Identifier Geometry PositionPrecision PositionReliability PointSymbol Origin SymbolOrientation
DistinctRight
Object -> Geometry Surface
1 mc
1
c c m
mc
Ownership
OSKey -> Number Validity Origin Class
1 1
Identifier
Origin ->
Attribute that is unique within the table of one topic (exceptionally together with another attribute)
Attribute that relates with another table (relational attribute)
NumPos OPTIONAL attribute name
NameOPTIONAL Table with table name
Data Model (UML)(Entity-Relationship-Diagram)
Data Description Language INTERLIS
(system independent)
TRANSFER Data_Catalogue;MODEL Basic_Data_Set DOMAIN LKoord = COORD2 480000.000 70000.000 840000.000 300000.000; HKoord = COORD3 480000.000 70000.000 0.000 840000.000 300000.000 5000.000; Height = DIM1 0.000 5000.000; Precision = [0 .. 300]; Reliability = (yes, no); LetterOrientation = GRADS 0.0 400.0; Status = (planned, valid);
TOPIC Control_Points = .........END Control_Points;
TOPIC Land_Cover = .........END Land_Cover;
TOPIC Ownership = DOMAIN Monumentation = (border_stone, plastic_peg, cross, not_monumented); OwnershipType = (parcel, distinct_right, construction_right, water_source_ right);TABLE LimitPoint = OSKey: OPTIONAL -> OwnershipMaintenance; Identifier: OPTIONAL TEXT*12; Geometry: LKoord; PositionPrecision: Precision; PositionReliability: Reliability; Origin: OPTIONAL TEXT*30; SymbolOrientation: OPTIONAL LetterOrientation; !! Default: 0.0 IDENT Geometry; END LimitPoint; END Ownership.END Basic_Data_Set.
Technical ElementsTechnical Elements
8 Information Layers(Possibility to realise the layers
separately)
Control points
Land cover
Single objects
Heights
Local names
Ownership
Pipelines >5bar
Administrative subdivisions
With this method of data modelling, the use and exchange of AV93 data is independent from the used GIS or software system.
Standardized data modelling and cadastral data definition (introduced in 1993)
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Possible future structure for LISPossible future structure for LIS
Land ownership,cadastre
Land use planning
Water protection
Collective land rights
Stakeholders(data owners)
National governmentState governmentLocal government
Planning department
Local government
Corporations
Local government
Indigenous land rights Tribe, clan
Environmental protection Environmental department
Legal topic
Noise protection
spatial data textual data
Two preconditions: common data modelling conceptcommon data modelling conceptcommon geodetic reference frameworkcommon geodetic reference framework
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Drilling the topics from different stakeholdersDrilling the topics from different stakeholders
Property parcel #: 1234
Building #: A445 Building permit: lease
Easement: parcel 1235
Land-use zone: residential 2-floors
Property parcel #: 1234Building #: A445
Building permit: leaseEasement: parcel 1235
Land-use zone: residential 2-floors
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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public law
LIS / GIS
private law
1912Introductionof Civil Code
1993Digital Standard
AV93
2008Full
coverage
2005New constitu-tional article about land information
20xx
Trend of increasing purpose and content of Trend of increasing purpose and content of cadastral systemcadastral system
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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ProfessionProfession
• all surveyors active in cadastral surveying are required to have the licence– 4 ½ years of academic education at ETH
– 2 years of practical work
– practical exams for Federal licence (responsibility of Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying)
• professional associations ("Geosuisse" and "Ingenieur-Geometer Schweiz IGS")
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Role of Private Sector (1/2)Role of Private Sector (1/2)
CadastralCadastralSurveyingSurveying
•contracts with communities/cantons for the maintenance and updating of cadastral surveying data (acting agents for authorities)
•carrying out of projects for acquisition of AV93 data and renovation of old existing cadastral surveys
LISLIS •service to clients (public bodies of all levels, facilities companies, etc.)
Main Tasks of Private Land Surveyors:
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Role of Private Sector (2/2)Role of Private Sector (2/2)
Private SectorPublic Sector
Two Partners:
• legislation (Federal and cantonal level)
• financing structure
•setting standards
•supervision
•co-ordination
•verification
•production
•maintenance
•service to clients
• innovation
EGM, Melbourne, 9-11 Nov. 2005
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Positive aspects of country experiencePositive aspects of country experience
• Standardized data modelling approach right from beginning (1993)
• Independence of information layers allows much lighter data model, independent data ownership, acquisition and maintenance
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Negative aspects of country experienceNegative aspects of country experience
• Rather slow transition to fully digital data, coverage not satisfying (decentralized organization and funding)
• Horizontal cooperation between federal agencies not always positive (lack of leadership ?)
• Decentralized organization with 26 Cantons is not always efficient (although it ensures the link to the local government level)
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Buildings in cadastreBuildings in cadastre
• Today: buildings are traditionally part of cadastral surveying (as one element in land cover layer)
• Tomorrow: working group is studying 3D aspects (with a focus mainly on viewing, rather than registration of 3D objects)
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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EU influencesEU influences
• Strong cooperation within Europe (D-A-CH, CLGE, GE, FIG, Eurogi, …)
• Increasingly involved in activities of EuroGeographics (in newly established "Expert Group on Cadastre and Land Registry" with 3 working groups)
• INSPIRE
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Three key improvements in the next decadeThree key improvements in the next decade
• NGDI established and operational– supplied with all relevant data, above all cadastral data– complete coverage of cadastral surveying data– data sharing is taking place on large scale
• Strong focus on users and customers (key is: data, information, services homogenization of data and fee structure)
• Overcome the drawbacks of Federalism, while retaining the benefits
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Review of Swiss LAS with proposed modelReview of Swiss LAS with proposed model
Sustainable Development
Economic, Social, Environment
Country ContextInstitutional Arrangements
Land Policy
Framework
Land Information Infrastructur
es
Land Administration
FunctionsLand Tenure, Land Value,
Land-Use, Land Development
e-Citizenship e-Government
Federalism seems to be a hindrance for the development of
e-government structures (first tests of e-voting / tax form on web / infrastructure for digital signatures not established)
Although broadband penetration is very high, e-citizenship is not well established (not much of information available or when available, awkward to find and
access)
Seems to be in place, but neither politicians nor citizens
are aware of its comprehensive character
Very much in place on cantonal level, but not
aggregated yet at national, federal level.
The single LA functions are well established, and data are being
shared. However, cross-administration cooperation could
be improved.
Is achieved, cadastre may soon be improved by accommodating
public-right restrictions and responsibilities.
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Analysis of Swiss Cadastral System and Review of LAS Model
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Review of LAS model from a Swiss perspectiveReview of LAS model from a Swiss perspective
Sustainable Development
Economic, Social, Environment
Country ContextInstitutional Arrangements
Land Policy
Framework
Land Information Infrastructur
es
Land Administration
FunctionsLand Tenure, Land Value,
Land-Use, Land Development
e-Citizenship e-Government
•Education, academic sector
•Regular review process of strategy and concept