day lighting 2

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGNBachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

BUILDING SCIENCE II (ARC3413)

Project 2 INTERGRATION

Name: Ooi Kai Yang

Student ID: 0315663

Tutor: Mr. Sivaraman Kuppusamy

Day Lighting

According to MS 1525, 2007 the daylight factor are categorize to the table show at below

Daylight factors and Distribution

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very Bright >6 Very large with thermal and glare

problems

Bright 3-6 Good

Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor

Daylight factors and distribution (Department of standards Malaysia, 2007)

The space that will chose for calculation will be:

-Café (include outdoor area)

-Study area

The design of the café is mostly let the user sit outside to feel the nature. Hence the café also have the

interior artificial light but the space affect by daylight light most. It is located at the ground floor and it is a

public access space as it located beside courtyard.

For the study area is located at the second floor although at the third floor also have one study area. The

study area can access to the outdoor space at the first floor which it make the study area become a semi-

private spaces. It facing to the west of the site so at the afternoon and evening the building have the louver

façade to prevent the glare to user.

Day Lighting

Café area

Ground Floor Plan with Café Area

Daylight Factor Calculations

Floor Area = 44m2

Area of façade exposed to sunlight = (4.9mX4m)

= 19.6 m2

Exposed façade to floor ratio = (19.6/44) x 100%

Daylight Factor, DF = 0.45% x 0.1

= 4.5

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux Bright sunlight

20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday

1,000-2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday

<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

400 lux Sunrise of sunset on a clear day (ambient

illumination)

40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

<1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

Ee, External = 20,000lux

Using the formula

Ei Internal = DF=( EiEo )×100% 2.5=Ei /20,000 X 100%

=4.5X20, 000/100

=900 lux

Contour day lighting ( Café area )

Conclusion:

The selected cafeteria area has the daylight factor of 2.5% and the natural illumination is 900 lux.

According to MS 1525 the cafeteria standards illumination level should be around 300 lux but in my design

it is 900 lux. So based on the calculation the natural illumination will cause the façade too bright to user and

will cause the discomfort glare to user. Also too high nature illumination will have the thermal problem.

To solve the problem, the louver façade system are place horizontally in front of the glass panel of the

cafeteria spaces in order to reduce the discomfort glare by the shaded created but it still allow the daylight

pass through the area to let the user have comfortable sight.

Day Lighting

Study Area

First Floor Plan with study area

Daylight Factor Calculation

Floor Area = 133m2

First floor plan with area and curtain wall dimension

Area of façade exposed to sunlight = (4x4) + (5.1x4) + (3.0x4) =

= 16m2 + 20.4m2+ 12m2

= 48.4m2

Exposed façade to floor ration = (48.4m2 / 133m2) x 100%

Daylight Factor, DF = 36.3 x 0.1

= 3.63%

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example







illumination)




Using Formula

Ei Internal DF = ( EiEo )×100%

3.63= Ei / 20,000 X 100%

= 3.63 x 20,000 / 100

= 726 lux

Contour day lighting ( Study Area)

Conclusion:

The study area have the daylight factor of 3.63% which is good in distribution based on MS 1525 in daylight

factor and distribution table and having a nature illumination of 726 lux. The study area or can say is

reading spaces it should be 300-400 lux based on the standard requirement.

Due to the illumination reading is higher than the standard requirement, the side of study area from the

middle will have a set back of 5 meter to have the shaded area to enhance the visual comfort. Also the

double skin façade like louver façade or vent block will help in reduce the glare and make the building

ventilated to reduce the heat gain.

Artificial Lighting Calculations

Proposed Lighting

Task Illuminance (lux) Example of Application

Lighting for Infrequently used

Area

20 Minimum service illuminance

100 Interior walkaway and car-park

100 Hotel bedroom

100 Lift interior

100 Corridor, passageways, stairs

150 Escalator, travellator

100 Entrance and exit

100 Staff changing room, locker and

cleaner room, cloak room

100 Lavatories, stores

100 Entrance hall, lobbies, waiting

room

200 Inquiry desk

Lighting for working interiors 200 Gate house

300-400 Infrequent reading and writing

300-400 General offices, shops and

stores

150 Reading and writing

200 Drawing office

150-300 Restroom

200 Restaurant, canteen, cafetaria

150 Kitchen

100 Lounge

100 Bathroom

300-500 Toilet

200-750 Bedroom

300 Classroom, library

500 Shop/Supermarket/Department

store

1000

Localized lighting for exacting

task

2000 Museum and gallery

Proof reading

Exacting drawing

Detailed and precise work

Space: Café

Type of luminaire used as showed bellow

Image Specifications

- 24 watt

- Direct light from ceiling

- Life time 50000 hour

- Aluminum

- Luminous flux 2500 lm

- Color rendering index Ra >80

- Color Temperature 4,000 K ( Neutral

White)

- Wide distribution

- Ambient temperature range

< + 25 C

Reason of Choice:

The reason to choose this type of lamp is because the café have the high nature illumination reading which

cause the café have the high lux reading. The café is one of the public access area so it require fast

installation when it have problem. Also the interior of café area is just 44 m2 so the luminous flux should be

enough for café area.

Lumen Calculation:

N= E× AF×UF×MF

Activity Held Café area and counter area

Dimensions Length (L) = 10m

Width (W) = 4.8m

Height of Ceiling (H) = 4

Floor Area, m2 (A) 10 x 4.8 =48m2

Reflectance value for surfaces Walls ( grey panel) = 0.3

Ceiling (concrete) = 0.3

Standard Illumination required, lux (E) 200 lux

Lumen of lighting fixture (F), lm 2500 lm

Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8

Height Mounting (suspended length from ceiling) 4.0 – 0.8m = 3.2

Room Index, Ri

RI=L xW

(L+W ) x Hm

Ri = 10 x 4.8

(10+4.8 ) x3.2 = 1.014

=1.01

Utilization Factor, UF (reference to given table) 0.41

No. of lamps required, NN =

200 x 482500×0.41×0.8 = 11.7 lamps

12 lamps are required to reach the minimum

requirement for MS 1525 = 300lux

Space to height ratio 1.5 x Hm

1.5 x 3.2 = 4.8

Artificial Light Fitting Layout Length of ceiling: 10m

10 / 4.8 = 2 rows

12 lamps / 2 rows

6 light per rows

Spacing along 10m wall

10/ 6

=1.67

=2m

Hence, 2 x 6 = 12 light fittings

Ceiling plan

PSALI contour lighting analysis

Space: Study Area

Type of luminaire used as showed bellow


- 50 watt per bulb

- Direct Light

- Ceiling mounted light

- Incandescent lamp

- Long life span (50000 hours)

- Luminous Flux 4000lm

- Fairly easy maintenance

- Colour rendering index at 85

Ra

- Color Temperature 4,000 K

( Neutral White)

Reason of Choice:

The reason to choose this type of lamp is because the study area need bright direct light as it is a big

spaces. Beside that the life span of the light is longer among other lamp which is can save cost.

Lumen Calculation:

N= E× AF×UF×MF

Activity Held Reading and Walkaway

Dimensions Length (L) = 18

Width (W) = 7.3 ( not include wall thickness)


Floor Area, m2 (A) 18 x 7.3 = 133m2







Room Index, Ri

RI=L xW

(L+W ) x Hm

Ri = 18 x7.3

(18+7.3 ) x 3.2 = 1.623

=1.62



300 x1334000×0.41×0.8 = 30.41 lamps




1.5 x 3.2 = 4.8

Artificial Light Fitting Layout Length of ceiling: 18

18 / 4.8 = 3.75 rows

30 lamps / 4 rows

7.5 light per rows

8 light per rows

Spacing along 7.3 wall

7.3/8

=0.9125

=1m

Hence, 8 x 4= 32 light fittings

Ceiling Plan

PSALI contour lighting analysis

PSALI

Permanent supplementary artificial lighting of the interior (PSALI)

It based on three principle

- Utilisation of daylight as far as practicable

- Use of electric lighting to supplement the daylight in the interior parts of the room

- Installation of the electric lighting in such a way that the light character of the

room retained.

PSALI scheme

Space: Café

Floor area (m2)

Area of façade that exposed to sunlight (m2)

44m2

19.6m2

Exposed façade & skylight area to floor area

ratio/daylight factor, DF

19.6/44) x 100%

= 0.45% x 0.1

= 4.5%

Natural illumination calculation

Illuminance Example







illumination)



Ei Internal = DF=( EiEo )×100% 2.5=Ei /20,000 X 100%

=4.5X20, 000/100

=900 lux

Type of luminaire used as showed below


- 24 watt

- Direct light from ceiling

- Life time 50000 hour

- Aluminum

- Luminous flux 2500 lm

- Color rendering index Ra >80

- Color Temperature 4,000 K ( Neutral

White)

- Wide distribution

- Ambient temperature range

< + 25 C

Activity Held Café area and counter area

Dimensions Length (L) = 10m

Width (W) = 4.8m


Floor Area, m2 (A) 10 x 4.8 =48m2







Room Index, Ri

RI=L xW

(L+W ) x Hm

Ri = 10 x 4.8

(10+4.8 ) x3.2 = 1.014

=1.01



200 x 482500×0.41×0.8 = 11.7 lamps




1.5 x 3.2 = 4.8

Artificial Light Fitting Layout Length of ceiling: 10m

10 / 4.8 = 2 rows

12 lamps / 2 rows

6 light per rows

Spacing along 10m wall

10/ 6

=1.67

=2m

Hence, 2 x 6 = 12 light fittings

Lighting distribution – ceiling plan

Based on the PSALI analysis, the downlight near the entrance are no need to switch on during day time same as the outdoor cafe area because the lux is higher then standard. The artificial light will turn on during night 6pm -11pm. The red colour show the light no need switch on all the time

Space: Study Area

Floor area (m2) 133m2

Area of façade that exposed to sunlight (m2) 48.4m2

Exposed façade & skylight area to floor area

ratio/daylight factor, DF

48.4m2 / 133m2) x 100%

=36.3 x 0.1

=3.63%

Natural illumination calculation

Illuminance Example







illumination)




Using Formula

Ei Internal DF = ( EiEo )×100%3.63= Ei / 20,000 X 100%

= 3.63 x 20,000 / 100

= 726 lux


- 50 watt per bulb

- Direct Light

- Ceiling mounted light

- Incandescent lamp

- Long life span (50000 hours)

- Luminous Flux 4000lm

- Fairly easy maintenance

- Colour rendering index at 85

Ra

- Color Temperature 4,000 K

( Neutral White)

N= E× AF×UF×MF

Activity Held Reading and Walkaway

Dimensions Length (L) = 18

Width (W) = 7.3 ( not include wall thickness)


Floor Area, m2 (A) 18 x 7.3 = 133m2







Room Index, RiRi =

18 x7.3(18+7.3 ) x 3.2 = 1.623

RI=L xW

(L+W ) x Hm=1.62



300 x1334000×0.41×0.8 = 30.41 lamps




1.5 x 3.2 = 4.8

Artificial Light Fitting Layout Length of ceiling: 18

18 / 4.8 = 3.75 rows

30 lamps / 4 rows

7.5 light per rows

8 light per rows

Spacing along 7.3 wall

7.3/8

=0.9125

=1m

Hence, 8 x 4= 32 light fittings

Lighting distribution – ceiling plan

Based on PSALI analysis, the lamp ( flourecent light tube) near the curtain wall adn stair case (because it

near the void) no need switch on during daytime ( red colour). While near the back of the library the light

need to be turn on whole day because that area are enclose

day lighting 2

Education