Day 46 Expanding Public Education

• Homework: 282-285

Public Education• Mandatory education laws

• High Schools as trade schools

• European Immigrants were encouraged to become “Americanized”

• Racial discrimination for African Americans in education 62% of white attended school 34% of blacks

• Less than 1% blacks attended high school

Expanding Public Education

• Very Little formal education most did not go to high school

• Kindergarten – help working mothers. Established by Commissioner of Education William Torrey Harris.

• Curriculum expanded to include science and civics

Higher Education• 1900- only 2.3% attended

college or university• Due to Freedman’s Bureau –

Blacks founded black colleges• Booker T Washington-

Believed that once blacks attained labor skills and education that racism would disappear

• He founded the Tuskegee Institute

• WEB Du Bois- on the other hand felt that a liberal arts (Niagara Movement) education not a technical education was needed so that blacks could develop leaders not workers. First African American to attend Harvard

Summary Question

1) By the 1900’s, which group was still excluded from most public education?

2) He received the first PHD at Harvard and pushed for an immediate inclusion of blacks in education.

3) Who was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute and believed in technical education for blacks before a liberal education?

4) This Movement urged African Americans to earn a liberal arts degree so that they could help their community prosper?

5) He was the Commissioner of Education who helped begin kindergartens in public education.