day 1: mara nord project -training 2010 lesson 1...

7.3.2011

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Day 1:

Mara Nord Project -

Training 2010

Lesson 1: introduction,

history of GPR, general

applications

3/7/2011 1Material prepared for Mara Nord Project by Roadscanners Oy

Contents:

- History of GPR technology

- History and future of GPR on roads

- GPR and other traffic infrastructure

- Other GPR applications

3/7/2011 Material prepared for Mara Nord Project by Roadscanners Oy 2

HISTORY OF GPR (1)

• 1888, Heinrich Herz: First tests with EM-waves

• 1904, Hulsmeyer: Possibility of using EM waves to detect objects

underground, principles of CW radar, built first radar

• 1926, Hulsenbeck: Introduction of pulse radar technology, patent in

Germany, the significance of the dielectric value is presented

• World War II, military applications; observations of US pilots over

Greenland

Niels Bohr Institute


http://www.interregnord.com/media/21699/logga_interreg_iv_a_eu-devi.jpg


http://www.ely-keskus.fi/fi







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• 1940’s, 1950’s, 1960’s, salt mine research, snow and ice mapping

• 1960´s, first ground penetrating radar developed in MIT Lexington Lab.

• 1970’s, first publications

Alongi,A.V.1973. “Underground Radar Resolves to One Inch”.

Morey,R.M.1974. “Continuous Subsurface Profiling by Impulse Radar”.

. 1974, first GPR patent

• Early 1980’s: pilot projects on GPR applications on road network surveys in

Denmark and in Sweden

• 1985, FHWA: first GPR devices attached to vehicles

• 2010’s: GPR used in road surveys in over 50 countries

HISTORY OF GPR (2)


1st Generation Analog GPR Systems from

Early / Mid 1980´s

History of GPR on Roads


ANALOGUE GSSI SIR-8 GPR








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FIRST ROAD SURVEY SYSTEMS IN FINLAND


3D GPR System from Early 1990`s

by University of Lund


3D GPR Data from

Early 1990`s

by University of

Lund (Ulriksen 1992)








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2nd Generation Digital GPR Systems from

Late 1980´s / Early 1990´s

North America:

Air Coupled Antennas for Pavement and Base Course Surveys


FIRST DIGITAL GPR FOR ROAD SURVEYS:

SIR-10


FIRST SNRA HORN ANTENNA SYSTEM








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RESULTS OF DIGITAL GPR DATA PROCESSING


RESULTS OF DIGITAL GPR DATA PROCESSING


GPR ON RAILWAY SURVEYS








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INTEGRATED VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY MEASUREMENT DATA



Comparisons of Ballast Grading from GPR and

Laboratory Data in Finland


GPR ON TUNNEL SURVEYS








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GROUND PENETRATING RADAR APPLICATIONS

1. Soil, bedrock and waterway surveys

– soil mapping, soil quality and layer thickness

– groundwater surveys

– bedrock surveys, bedrock quality, tectonics

and shear zones

– locating sinkholes and cavities

– river and waterway bottom mapping

– ice thickness surveys

– glacier surveys


2. Building Construction

– rehabilitation design; wall and floor

structures, cables, pipelines

– concrete structure surveys, nuclear

power stations, concrete element

structures

3. Environmental Surveys

– locating pipes and other buried objects

– locating contaminated soils; oil leakage,

hydrocarbons

– locating oil under sea ice

4. Mining and Rock Industry

– peat surveys

– coal and bauksite surveys

– kaolinite surveys

– building stone surveys

– sand and gravel and hard rock

aggregate explorations

– guidance for aggregate extraction

GPR Applications (2)

Courtesy of IDS


5. Space surveys

- geomorphology of the planets and

surface soil mapping

- environmental surveys of the earth

6. Military and Security applications

- mine detection

- tunnel detection

- bomb shelter surveys

- locating wiretaps

- locating buried bodies

- guarding using radar

7. Archaeological and Cultural heritage

surveys

- locating archaeological objects

- guidance for extraction

- NDT surveys of ancient structures









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8. Other Surveys

- condition of park trees

- tree root surveys

- locating drowned logs

- locating steel nails in sawmills

- fish counting

- treasure hunting!!


www.treeradar.com


Special Swedish Application


3rd Generation Digital 3D GPR Systems from

Early / Mid 2000´s

Going back to traffic infrastructure applications….








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AIRPORT RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY TESTING



Cracks in second overlay

level 80 mm

level 130 mm

Severe pavement distress in 3rd layer

Cable

3200 3300



Locating possible voids and cavities








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3D GPR IN UTILITY SURVEYS

Locating water pipes



FUTURE: GPR AND LASER SCANNER








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FUTURE: GPR AND LASER SCANNER


THANK YOU!






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