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INNOVATIONS IN LIGHTNING PROTECTION

PHENOMENON OF LIGHTNING

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

Phenomenon of Lightning

LIGHTNING MODELS

Geometrical MethodElectro-Geometrical Model

Lightning Models

Lightning Models

Lightning Models

Sketch 15 leftLightning Models

Lightning Models

Lightning ModelsRadii of Protection provided by a Simple Rod

Height of Simple Rod (m)235Radii of Protection (mm)Level 1 (D=20 m for 3 KAmp)81113Level 2 (D=45 m for 10 KAmp)131621Level 3 (D=60 m for 15 KAmp)151924

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHTNING CURRENTThe intensity of lightning current may vary from 2 KAmps to 200 KAmps with distribution generally as under:

1% Lightning strokes exceed 1,00,000 Amps10% Lightning strokes exceed 80,000 Amps50% Lightning strokes exceed 28,000 Amps90% Lightning strokes exceed 8,000 Amps98% Lightning strokes exceed 3,000 Amps

Characteristics of Lightning

Characteristics of Lightning

ADVENT OFESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS

WHAT IS AN ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR?

What is an ESE Lightning Conductor

What is an ESE Lightning Conductor

PROTECTION LEVELSDEFINED BY NF C 17 102

Level 1 3000 Amps (D=20m)Level 2 10,000 Amps (D=45 m)Level 3 15,000 Amps (D=60 m)Protection Levels

RADII OF PROTECTION PROVIDED BY AN ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR

Radii of Protection provided by An ESE Lightning Conductor for different Current intensity levels:Radii of Protection

Tip Height h (meters) above roof

2345Level I 25 45 60172632253848345064426379

Radii of Protection provided by an ESE Lightning Conductor for different Current intensity levels:

Radii of Protection

Tip Height h (meters) above roof

2345Level II 25 45 60233440344859466478578197

Radii of Protection provided by ESE Lightning Conductor for different Current intensity levels:Radii of Protection

Tip Height h (meters) above roof2345Level III 25 45 602636443950655272876589107

GENERATION-I : 1973 (BASED ON RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS)Development of ESE Lightning Conductors

GENERATION-II : 1985 (BASED ON ELECTRONIC EXCITATION)Development of ESE Lightning Conductors

GENERATION-III : 1993

ADVANCE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM BASED ON INTELLIGENT LOGIC ELECTRONICSDevelopment of ESE Lightning Conductors

SALIENT FEATURESOFGEN III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR

An Intelligent Systembased onComplex Logic Electronic Circuitrypowered by a battery on boardSalient Features

Able to detect in advanceExponential building of charges in the cloud,including its polarity (+) or (-)Salient Features

Based on Signals received,Generates high voltage charges of Opposite Polarityin the range of 35 to 45 kV at the tipsSalient Features

Upward Leaders aremany times more powerfulthan Gen-II ESE devices.

It can withstand wind velocities of cyclonic conditions ensuring continuity, repeatability and reproducibility.Salient Features

Powerful Upward Leaderachieves a triggering Advance Timingwhich is quicker than any other Gen-II ESE Device.

Hence, volume of protection is much LARGER.Salient Features

GEN III ESE Lightning Conductor is poweredby a 6 Volt Ni-MH Battery,which is constantly recharged by powerful day-light solar cells.Salient Features

GEN III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR is equipped with a self check circuit and a radio antenna which constantly transmits signals to indicate its health condition every 90 sec.

Salient Features

The radio signals can be picked up at ground level by a hand-held remote tele-tester.The radio signals can be picked up at ground level by a hand-held remote tele-tester.Salient Features

OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF GENERATION III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR

During a thunder storm, the sensor evaluates the probability of impending lightning strike by sensing the following: a) Quantization of electrostatic charge; b) Rate of change of charges being built up c) Polarity of the charges.The data received is transmitted to the Signal Processing Module.The signal processing module analyses the data and transmits the same to the TIP Polarization Circuit through a Timer.

OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3

Earthing Systems

MeanwhileThe daylight cells keep the battery fully charged.The Battery excites the low voltage circuit to 600V.The Signal processing unit continuously assesses the Step 1 parameters through a feedback loop to re-confirm an impending lightning strike.If there is an exponential increase in the intensity of the descending leader (indicating that a lightning strike is eminent), the high voltage circuit is activated to step up the 600V to 35,000 45,000V at the tip.

OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3

This condition results in release of an upward streamer to meet the downward leader 25-60 m away from the tip.The lightning is thus channelised through a predefined passage via the down conductor and earthing arrangement safely.The entire electronics is constantly checked for proper functioning through an inbuilt self check circuit.

OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3

The condition is transmitted every 90 Sec through an inbuilt radio transmitter and an antenna on board. These signals can be picked up at the ground level with a hand held remote teletester. The teletester is actually a transreceiver capable of monitoring 729 different SATELIT-3 devices.The SATELIT-3 is powered by a 6 volt Ni-MH Battery, permanently recharged by indestructible flexible day light Solar Cells.

OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SATELIT 3

Typical Installations of SATELIT-3 Lightning Conductor

Radii of Protection provided by SATELIT-3 Models for different Current intensity levels:

Tip Height h (meters) above roof

2345Level ISatelit 3-25 Satelit 3-45Satelit 3-60172632253848345064426379

Radii of Protection provided by Satelit-3 Models for different Current intensity levels:

Tip Height h (meters) above roof

2345Level IISatelit 3-25Satelit 3-45Satelit 3-60233440344859466478578197

Radii of Protection provided by SATELIT-3 Models for different Current intensity levels:

Tip Height h (meters) above roof2345Level IIISatelit 3-25Satelit 3-45Satelit 3-602636443950655272876589107

Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor

DescriptionE S E(Generation II)Controlled SE(Generation II)Advance E S E(Generation III)Mfg. Companies and BrandsIndelec(Helita, Ingesco)PrevectronFranklinDuval Messien(Satelit +)ERICO(Eritech, Dynosphere)Duval Messien (Satelit-3)Strength of Upward leaderCan be broken by a thunder stormBetter than ESEAppx. 4.5 times more powerful than ESE and appx 2.5 times more powerful than CSESource of charge collection at the TIPDepends on natural surroundings and geometryDepends on natural surroundings and geometryTIP excited by high voltagecharges, generated by self powered electronic circuitry in reaction to intelligent processing.Response to lightning strokesGrounds ve lightning onlyGrounds ve lightning onlyGrounds both ve and +ve lightning by reversing the polarity in 140 micro sec.

Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor

Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor

Technology Comparison of ESE Lightning Conductor

GEN III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS are today protectingDefense Zone Zero installations, Nuclear Councils, Space Centres, Oil & Gas Refineries, international airports, telecom towers, super computers, intelligent buildings, museums, hospitals, heritage buildings, high rise complexes, etc.

GENERATION III ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR is the precursor of a new generation of remote monitored ESE Lightning Conductors.

Macmet House10B, O C Ganguly Sarani, Kolkata 700 020, IndiaTel: 91-33-2281 6000, Fax: 91-33-2281 5566Email: info@macmet.com, Web: www.macmet.com