DAVLIGMCreation Science for Catholics

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Details ofEditorial.

Decernber 1992

Cdttents

Daytight. 23

"Self-Imposed Crisis" - Cbarles O'@nnor 4"St.Augustine - Special Creationist"- A.Nevard. 6"Did St.Augustine Teach Evol-ution ?"-

H.W.J.Edwards' .. B"Augustine and C,en.l-11-"- David C.C.Watson... l0Reconrnended publications . 11"Irlot by carbon alone... "- Gianni Varani. 12"Fl-at-Earthers" - M.W.J.Phe1€rn... 16Ttre "Creation Science lr4ov&ent" IBNews frorn CSM . .-. . .. 19Cassettes frsn CV Productions - update ...... 20

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STATEMENT OF POSITION

'DAYLIGHT' is a non-profit educatiohat initiative,funded by subscriptions and donations, set. up inresponse to th'e need for a speci tically Catholiccreation-scjence society. llhile r.ecognising thevaluable contribution made by Protestant scjentjstsand groups. as CathoJjcs we are not )inited by theprincipJes of Fundanentalisn, "5ola Scriptura", orprivate interpretation of the Bible. Ve acceptChrist's Church as the final authority on the trupsense of the Scriptures. Therefore jt js edjtorialpollcy not to pubJish vjews which attack Cathalicdogna. Apart fron this, the organlsation, financesand editorship of 'DAYLIGHT' are Independent of anyother secular or reiigious group.

AIMS

(1) To inform Catholjcs about tbe scjentific evidencethat supports beljef in Special Creation as opposed toEvoTution.(2) To dernonstrate that 'the traditionaf Catho.ljcdoctrjnes related to Origlns are in conformity viththe discoverles of Science.(3) To encourage research, dJscussion and educatlon insclentlfic issues related to the btblicaT, doctrinai,hjstorjcal and noral teachings of the Catholic Church.

5U85CRTP?IONS

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Hon.Secretary E Editor : Anthony Nevard B.Sc.

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EDITORIAL

l4ay I thank the majority of you who have alreadyrenewed your subscriptions for 1993, and those whro kindlyrnade extra donations to assist our apostolate. lrle are a.Isovery grateful for nunerous letters' press cuttings andarticl-es sent in by several supporters.

Every fenl days I receive ner,v enquiries for literature,scne frcrn people with little noney to spare. Over the pastyear, Dayfi$rt has been received in Arstralial Belgiun,Canada, Etglard, Finlarxal, Ftance, Ghana' Ireland, Ital.y'lsnaoo, fGw zealarxl, Nigieria, Philippines, Folard,S@tlard, Sqtlr Af,rica, USA and l{a]-es.

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-4-Acknowledgernents and thank's to Catlplic, (Sept.1989)

Self- lmposed Crisis.by Cltarlas ()'Connor.

illr O'Connor is a writer of sonrc note, wlto lives in Capetowrt, Soutlt Afica.

To understand what has happened inthc Church since thc Second VaticanCouncil it is necessary to go back toDarwin's Theory of the Evolution of theSpecies.

As Pcter Wilders reminded us in his ar-ticlc on Evolttliotr and the New Theologt rnthe February 1989 number of CbristianOrder, Adam and Eve's disobediencebrought sulfering and death to the worldand closed heaven to mankind. As theirdcscendants, wc inherit their Original Sin.Josus Christ, the Second Person of theBlosscd Trinity, became man to institutcthe Sacrament of Baptism in order tcremove,the stain of Original Sin from oursouls, to teach us through His Apostles andtheir successors how to save our souls, andltl opcn hsavcn to us by suffering andsacrificing His life in atonement for oursins. That has always bccn the Church' strlditional teaching.

ln his purely speculative, unproventhoory, Darwin sct up thc hypothesis thatrve are dcscended not lrom Adam but froman amoeba or bacte ria, and than man andthrr ape had a common ancestor. The re wasno scientilic evidence to support it. Yet itwas accepted by anthropologists andpalaeontologist, but not by biologists,whose study of comparative anatomy indi-cated that each class of animal was distinctfrom every other class, until the paleon-tologists :laimed that they had discoveredfossils showing the transition of one classof species into another.

The claim that evolution was a scisntificfact bccame n.iversally accepted withoutquestion. Atheist, Buddhists, Con-fucianists, Humanists, Marxists, Taoistsand others welcomed it because it ap-peared to support their contention thatthere is no God. It was taught in biology,geology, history, natural science and zool-ogy classes, in schools and colleges. En-cyclopaedias, films, magazines,newspapsrs, textbooks, radio andlclcvision disserninatcd it.

On his rcturn from fossil-hunting ex-peditions with the palaeontologists, theJesuit, Father Pierre Teilhard de Chardin,an anthropologist and one of those takenin by the Piltdown Man forgery of 1908,dcclarcd that evolution was a scicntific factand man had evolved from a non-hunrananccstor. It followcd that thc account o[the creation of the world in (icncsis was amyrh, and thc doctrines bascd on it werccrroneous.

A body of Catholic and non-Catholicbiblical scholars was set up to reconcile thecontradictions between Genesis and thetheory. They came up with the idea thatGenesis was not written by Moses, as wasalways believed, but by four or moreauthors, who lived during different eras.Despite the assertion of the Biblica.l Com-mission of 1909 to the contrary, Genesisthey suggested was not based on historicalfact, but consisted of allegorical or mythi-cal storics. If it was not based on historicalfact, some means had to be found of recon-ciling it with evolution.

-5-Incidentally, a computer analysis of

over 20,000 words recently made byProfessor Yehuda Radday, a Bible scbolarat the Technion University in Haifa, indi-cates that "the probability hat Genesis woswitlen by one author is enormous,'and thalMoses was ils sole eulhor."

The theologians' noisy cnthusiasm,rouscd by the universal acceptance of tbetheory, Fr- Pierre De Chardh's support forit, and the biblical scholars' report,deafened their ears to the voice of PopePius XII warning them that the.theory hadnot been proved. The doctrines of creationwere re-interpreied in such a way as toaltcr their original meaning. The basis ofthc doctrine of Original Sin derivcd fromGcne sis was discarded. A rift appeared bc-tween Christ's teaching and that of theChurch.Thc infere nce could be drawu thatthe Church had lo.sr faith in irs infallibiliryand its Founder's promisc to bc with it alltlays evcn to thc end of the world.

Thc tcaching of Thomistic theology andphilosophy ceased, a new theologyembracing evolution was introduced inschools, colleges and seminaries, studentswere taught that Genesis is allegorical ormythical, without any historical basis, andthe laity and the religious were misled intobelieving that evolution was a scientificfact. The feeling that its teaching was oolonger infallible freed the Church from thefetters that had bound it and allowed it torelax its strict moral teaching and totolerate the claim that we can solve ourmoral problems by submitting them to thetribunal of our own conscience.

The Church has paid a high price for ac-ting on the advice of erring theologians.TheTridentine Mass has been replaced bya new Mass, lacking in doctrinal conteutand composed, with the active co-opera-tion of six ProtestaDt clergymen, under theauspices of the late Archbishop Bugnini,

who has been proved to have bcen aFreemason.

There have been widcsprcad liturgicalabuses. The number of confcssions hasdeclined, whereas thc numbcr of thosereceiring Communion, pcrhaps in manycases sacrilegiously, has increascd. Non-Catholics, re-married divorcecs, and un-repentant homosexuals are permitted toreceive Communion. Irreverence is showntowards the Blesscd Sacramcnt, and insomc churchcs it is difficult to locatc thcTabernacle. Statues, holy picturcs, andStations of the Cross havc bccn removcd,making certain churchcs rcscnrblc Protcs-tant churches.

Millions have lcft the Church,thousands have left thc priesthood, andnuns have given up conveot life to devotethemselves to social work and worldly pur-suits. Vocations and Sunday Church attcn-dances have declined. There are notenough newly ordained priests to replaccthose who have retired or died, with theresult that churches have had to be closed.The lack of pupils, students, teachers andlecturers has also forced schools, c

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srt.Augugtfnr p

Special Creationist.

Introduction bv Anthonv t{evard

"It will be noted that tfris viertr of St.Augustinerepresents a nrcre thoroughgoing and radical form ofevolution than that held by Charles Danr'rin and AlfredRussell hlallace, who Snstulated the intervention of Godfor the special creation of the first form or forms oflife. According to Augustine, God did not interrupt theunbroken reign of natural law to create directly andinrnediately the @innings of 1ife, nor even the body ofthe first nan, but'created them in their causes orgermifial po^rers (rationes sernina-les) and then caused thernto be evolved in accordance with the operation of theIaws of nature of wtrich He is the ultfunate author."

"The Origin of Man" by J.A.O'Brien.The Paulist Press, New York. 1947. p.31.

It is debatable whether the opinions of any theologianhave been so thoroughly rnisrepresented as those of thefourth-century Saint Augustine. As Christians have soughtto accqrncdate the Theory of Evolution with the Genesisaccount of Creation, both Catholic and Protestantevolutionists have claimed him as a pioneer in TheisticEvolutionism. The writer quoted abcve eulogises him withsuch phrases as, "by one of those daring flights of sheergenius... this great speculative genius... daring andsublinre conception of creation," basing his views onthose of Canon Dorl,odot, "who has nnde a nrcst exhaustivestudy of Augustine's writings."

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"According to Dordolot, the learned Bishop of Hippo heldto a form of absolute natural evolution...It will be anatter of surprise for rnany [with good reason ! ] to learnthat this vi-ew of absolute natural evolution under theleadership of Augustine and Gregory of Nyssaprevailed, according to Dorlodot, as 'the cqnncn opinionof the Fathers, at least up to the eighth century andprobably to the end of the twelfth.' " The real surpriseis hcrv such a learned priest coul-d have irnagined thatAugustine taught anything akin to modern 'Errolution' -yet that is the irnpression he wishes to convey. There

are son€ rather serious inconsistencies in this idea' asthe following tr,vo articles illustrate. In addition, thesaint believed that the first living thing to appear wasthe first rmn, foltorued by plants, anirnals and the firstr^Icrnan. His ideas certainly suggest s,:nrething like'spontaneous generation', required by evolution, butabsofutely disproved by Science

Perhaps those vfro exhort us to support St.Augustine'sviews on science rnight be rather rftcre impartial, andrenuind us that he also rarrote the follovring:

" Brt as to the fable tbat tlere are AnLitrndes, ttEtis to say, nEn qr the qposite side of the earth,nfiere ttre sun rises utsr it sets to ps; .nen utnwalk with tleir feet opposi@ ours, that is on rnga:ourril credible.'

This view, he clajmed, was condemned by reason andScripture

Thre first of the following articles was r,vritten frqn a

catholic vietpoint, the second frqn a Protestant one. It

adds further veight to the argunrent that_'ec-umenisrn'must be based on belief in qnciar creation if christian

unity is ever to be achieved. Tb the extent that false

ideasareacceptedrsuchasEvolution,thatactivitymust lead away frcrn d, Vfl:to is Ttuth Itself .

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This article was first published in the ol_d DAIIJGIiT,under the Editor, the late Jotrr Canqfretl, Decsnber L978.

Did 5f. AugusfineTeqch Evolution?

It H. W. f. EdwardrA word here for those who believe thrt 5t. Au3urtine'r theology

cln bc invoked in defetrce of thei:tic evolution. The qucstionwhether the rrint wlr an evolutionist would be ridiculourif one mcant rtheistic or rheerly material evolution without a roulin rcspect of man, for he makes God and thc:oul the very ccntreol hil entire colmogony. Supe#icially, theistic evolutionists reemto find $pport from him becaure of his "leminll principlcs". Thefint wc know of to chim him ar thc founder of theirtic evolutionwrr lrhm-in 189,1 in hir work, Bible, Science and Faith. Zahmcongntulatc 5t. Augustinc for having anticipated "moderntcience" (which, however, sufferr again for being outmoded) ingnnting thc ider rhat "the world ir under the rule of law andthrt God in his Soyernment of the physical universe does notrlwryr act directly and immediately but indirectly through themedirtion of recondary caus6 which we call the laws and forcesof nature. On thic point Augu:tine is so explicij that it ir imposribleto bc mittaken".

Thir view is, however, gravely inaccurate. St. Augustine did notthink tnnsformation was posrible, and, on the contrary, he affirm-ed the immutability of species. ln St. Augurtine's work, ConcerningGenerir and the Lettcr of the Book, he wrote: "The elements ofthir corporeal world have therefore their well-defined energy andpropcr qurlitier on which depend what each onc of them can door not do rnd what reality should come or not comc from cachonc of them. Thur it happeris that a bean doer not grow from agnin of wheat, nor wheat from a bean. A bcart doet not givebinh to a man or e man tg I bea!t".

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St. Augurtinc'r well-known "leedlike principles" do not. as the-irtic evolutionistr continue to think, conrtitute potencics in theelcments to evolve "from homogeneity to heterogcneity", toquote Zahm agrin, scc hir work, Evolution end Dogrna (1897).St. Augurtincl words already quoted rppe.r in much the :amewey in his work on thc Trinity (book I I I ). St. Augurtine i'nri:tsthat God completed his creation on the sixth day. The only ex -ception h_ r miracle.' Strictly speaking, St. Augu:tine'i "seedlikeprinciples" have nothing dirrtly to do with thc creetion. They ereof a metrphylical chancter. To undentand them at all with areasonabh degrec of undentanding it should be possible for theftirly inrelligent Catholic to read Gilson's ma:teriy work on theChri:tian philosophy of St. Augustine, notably on pager 205-207where Gilson showt that St. Augustine has Piato's

-phllosophy in

mind. Gilson writes, moreover, that.these "scminal irrincif*i' ofSt. Augu;tinc! thought, "instead of leading to a transiormiit hypo-thesi: arr constantly called upon by St. Augurtine to account. iorthc stability of species".

It i: true that the grear doctor had difficulty in reconciling hirmetaphpics with the story of the six dap of creation. But uponthis he rhowed a vinue seldom ascribed to him, humility. Hc ex-plicitly admitted a difficulty. Hc wanted those who rgad up on thirto usc "the liberty of understanding better" (in the same work onGenesis). Jules Marrin in his Augustin utterly refuted Zahm's theoryrbout St. Augurtine'r seminal principles. writing that St. Augu:tine"made no allowance for different realitier to comc from the rrmeprinciple or seed".It is potsible that many Cathqlic children at a higher levdl inthcir Catholic education may be given a blanket alsertion aboutSt. Augu:tine in respec of thc theo'ry (N.B.the theory) of cvol-ution. Very probably many Catholic children have already beengivcn thir blanker assertion and have fiever been able to contra-dict it. Of courie, there are difficultier in undentanding thc SixDays of Creation: but a thousand difficulties do not make r doubt,at Newman obtervcd. That thcre eXist difriculties about the theoryor theorier of evolution is, apparently, never mentioned. -

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Frorn "CRENIION" Vo-l-.6 I\b.3 llovernber 1990.Acknowledgernents and thanks to Creation Sciene lbverent.

Augustine and Gen 1- 11David C C Watson

Many Christians who cannot swallow Gene-sis 1-11 as straight history take comlorttrom the well-known lact thal the greal theo-logian St Augustine'spiritualized' creation-in-six.days. However, we suspect lhat lewknow how small is the pinhead upon whichhe builds his pyramid ol theory. lt is iust oneword of one verse in a non-canonical book,which he nevertheless calls 'Scripture' (Ec-clesiasticus 18,1), and lhat one word actu-ally a mis- translationl

The word is 'koinei', Greek lor 'in general';but Augustine thought it meant 'at once'(Latin 'simul') and invented philosophicalreasons to support his error. However, evenif his theory of instant creation were cone€t,it is, of course, diametrically opposed to thatof Christian evolutionists who want tostretch qut the six days to 20 billion years.Augustine thought sil days too long; theythink it much too shorl; so there is not muchol'greal minds thinking alike' here.

Augustine certainly accepted Adam-and-Eve as literal history: "God formed the manlrom the slime of the earth and the womanfrom the bone taken out of the man . . . hewas not born of parents." (De Genesi adLitleram 6. 11, 23, 24.) He argues that theGod who turned water inlo wine, andMoses' rod into a serpenl, instanta-neously, does nol need time lo make aman or any creature. So Adam was createdan adull. "Does the Author of lime need lhehelp ol time?"

Tuming to his City of God we lind thalAugustine accepted Noah's Flood as unFversal and a lact (XV. 271, and lhe headingto Xll. 10 is Ot the Falseness of the His-tory whlch Allots Many Thousand Yearsto the World'! Past. He cpntinues: "Let usomit the conjectures of men who know notwhat they say when they speak ol the na-ture and origin of the human race . . . lheyare deceived by those highly mendaciousdocuments which protess to give the historyol many lhousand years, though, reckoningby lhe sacred writings, we lind that not yet6,(X)0 years have passed."

Augusline insisls that the ages of lhe Patri-archs are literally true (C.O.G. XV. 9-15)and constituie a chronology.

Admittedly he did believe that thoms andthistles were parl ot the original creation,and evolutionisls can extract a crumb olcomlorl lrom lhis. But on the other hand hewrites: ". . . the supposition that poisonousand dangerous animals were made asharmless crealures, is not unreasonable."(D.G.A.1.3.24).

To sum up: Augustine's interpretationof Genesis, however diffuse and attimes confused, is no friend to Danruinand Lyell. He was a literalist, but by nomeans'naive'; a Young Earth creation-ist, righl in the middle of mainstreamChristianity.

The above article comes from an Evanqelical Protestantperspective, but makes severaT good points wj th which wecan agree. 0f course. Ecclesiastjcus is accepted ascanonicai by the Catholic Church. 78:1 [DouaiJ reads: "Hethat liveth for ever created all things together.. . "

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CATTIOLIC CASSHNES AND BOOKS SUPPORTIVE OF CREATIOI!]SM.

A supplenrentary list appears on the back page of thisissue. Ttre original list of 13 iterns can be found inIlaylight #2, Winter I99I/2, or a copy will be sent toyou on reguest.

O/ productions carry a wide variety of tapes of interestto concerned Catholics, including Pro-Life issues,Biblical e

Acknow 1 edgenents

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and thanks to TheNov/Dec 1.992.

Keys of Peter,

But according to members of the In-ternational Committee of ShroudStudies, the issue is srill open. To thosewho accuse them of being the"crusaders of the Shroud" moved byemotion, they reply that they are scien-tists above all. Their crucial argumentis now the so-called "iconographicttail," whjch they claim proves theShroud existed long before the Carbon14 dating indicates it was fabricated. Inorder to explore this evidence with therelevant historical, anatomical and an-thropological methods, they organizedan international symposium in Bolognato which experts from around theworld were invited.

In support of the thesis that theiconographic evidence contradicts theCarbon 14 dating results, AlanV'hanger, an American psychiatristwho first became interested in theproblem of the Shrorrd in 1977, ex-ecuted a series of photographicsuperinrposirions of images comparingthe image on the Shroud to numerousrepresentations on coins and icons

Not by carbonalone.o{,

Bv GIANNI VARANI

Sindonologists lrom oround the world met in Bologna in May to contest theresults of the Carbon 74 tests on the Holy Shroud olTurin. The t'oce ol Christor o medievol fabricotion? The mystery deepens.

I hey challenge the radiocarbondating. They suspect Dr. Michael Titeof the British Museum of havingdistorted the resuhs of the analysis ofTurin's Holy Shroud by following pro'cedurJs which have srill not been madeclear. Finally, they accuse LuigiConella, the scientific consultanr ofTurin's former archbishop AnastasioBallesrrero, of having betrayed thesacred relic. They are the so-called"Sindonologists," experts on the "SacraSindone" as it is called in Italian ("sin-done" means "shroud" in ltalian), bet-ter known among English speakers asrhe Holy Shroud of Turin. Scatteredthroughout rhe world, they havegathered facts and research on themysterious cloth of Turin for nearly acennrry. They say they were never con-sulted regarding the fateful Carbon 14testing, which last October produceda date for the Shroud ofbetween 1290and 1360 A.D., excluding - if the testresults are correct - the possibility thatthe Shroud could be the aurhenticburial cloth of Jcsus.

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Photographic positiveof the HoTy Face, aninage unsuspected fornineteen centuries.

prior to 1000 A.D. According tcrWhanger, the results, obtainedthrough the use of a numbcr of polariz-ing filters, show the existence ofnrrmerons "points of congrucncc" rviththe Shrorrd facc. Whanger belicvesthese similarities can only be explain-ed by the hypothesis that the Shroudserved as the primary model for iconsof the Byzantine period.

Depending on the icon examined,Whanger says he found up to 250points of convergence. Perhaps themost striking result of Whanger'sresearch is the similarities it has turn-ed up between the Shroud image andthe Christ Pantocrator image dating tothe 6th century A.D. "This icon (theChrist Pantocrator image) is the mostaccurate non-photographic image ofthe Shroud ever discovered," Vhangercontends.

There is no scientiftc consensus,however, about how 'much "con-gruence" there must be between twoimages before it is proven rhat one isthe same as, or dependent upon, theother. Whanger thus resorts to theforensic criteria used by criminallawyers and investigators. According to

Further information on recommended books and video-cassettes, giving detailed accounts of the scientificstudy of the HoJy Shroud, and of the current conttaversy,nay be obtained from:In France In Canada

l4aison Saint JosephI :1.i.:,,: ftl:' : :.J . ra.-:ii ,.'

1 :r!..j , : 1. -'

udes

lecret?.y rn fngland

llr.David Boyce

. .. r

Marson Sainte Ttrerese

t.

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these forensic standards, only 45 to 60converging points are needed in orderto establish rhe identity or commonorigin of two images.

The first application of the Whangermethod dates back to l98l when he ex-amined some Byzantine icons datedbetween 692-695 A.D. These are theearliest extant icons which bear thefrontal image of Christ's face. In thiscase, on a surface of the face measur-ing less than one half-inch, Whangerclaims to find 145 points of con-gruence. Moreover, by using polarizingfilters, Vhanget has found ?4 points ofcongruence between a coin dating from29 A.D. and the electronic image rrac-ed frorn the eyelid in the Shroud im-age, where the letters "ucai" are clear-ly visible. (Some Sindonologists arguerhat the ancient Jews used a coin plac-ed over the eyes of a corpse to keep theeyelids clord. They claim that the in-scription on this coin can be seen onthe6hroud, as if imprinted there.) Theletters Whanger says he sees are saidby Sindonologists to be pan of a Greekcoin inscription from the Roman im-perial period at about the time of theemperor Tiberius, who ruled from 14to 3? A.D.

Are these dim traces of letters a kindof involuntary fingerprint of PontiusPilatel For Sindonologis(s, they repre'scnt a mystery within a mystery. Thehypothetical medieval forgery revealedby the Carbon 14 test, in other words,would have had to combineanatomical, numismatic, andphotographic knowledge of extraor'dinary precision. The Sindonologists atthe Ccntre for Shroud Srudics considersuch precisc and derailed knowledge an

"impossible mixture" for a forger in the130&.

The "iconographic rrail" obviouslydoes not end here. Another alliancebetween electronic photography andicon images had bcen aftemprd severaltimes by Ciovanni Tamburelli andNello Balossino, both working in theDepartment of Engineering at theUniversity of Turin. According tothem, a comparative "numericalanalysis" of the Shroud image and sixicons dated between the 6th and thel3th centuries proves "the identity ofthe man of the Shroud with the im-ages." They argue that their researchat least proves the existence for cen-turies of a single image refcrence for thenumerous represcntations compared,

Furthermore, Andre Dubarle,French biblical scholar and historian,bclieves that a miniature (that is, a tinypainting) in the Pray Codex inBudapest and usually dated ro aroundI195, is a faithful reproduction of theTurin Shroud. Dubarle holds thatsome details in this miniature couldalso prove the ocistence of burnings onthe firnerary cloth prior to those caus-ed by the l6th-century fire inChambery, which left clear scorchmarks on the cloth.

Friar Bruno Bonnet'Eymard is oneof the fiercest opponents of theradiocarbon dating. Bonnet-Eymardargues that the most ancient and com-plete image of the Shroud dates backto 705 A.D. He cites as proof a draw-ing of a relic now lost - the so-calledumblla of Pope John VII - butfaithfullv reproduced by a lTth

th.:\,'lrrtt:atrlrt|.;rrri:l,.'i''tll'lbrought to light agaln. Th,J.1t r.lt '.1 tli':small covering on the body oiGrimaldi's Christ would simply bc asign of seltcensorship orr the part of theartist.

Where does all this leadl The con-viction of Bologna's archbishop,Giacomo Biffi, is that "until we arriveat h simultaneous and peaceful visionof all the elements involved, the issueis still to be considered an open ques-tion." The Archbishop of Turin,Giovanni Saldarini, expressed a similarview during a homily. "However the

Giacomo Bifli, the cardinal archbishop otBologna, told the conlerence that, os longos there is contradictory euidence, theguestion remains open.

Shroud was formed, we need to explainthis unique scientific and historical ob-ject, now more surprising andmysterious than before, by an inter-disciplinary, free and united researchprogram," the archbishop said. For theCatholic Church, then, the Shroud

-t5-rli.: r ,, I. i ,ri-tt.

I r,,: tJirr't,ol-s ,'i the (,er,re r i.irShro,rtl Sru.lies

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Frqn 'CREATION'May 1990,reprinted with CSIvIDerfl[ss]_on.Sceptics frequently point out that the 'ftat earth' view was theprevailing cosmology of antiquity, and imply that this was alsothe view of those who wrote the world's oldest book, the Bible.lf the Bible is in error it can hardly be divinely inspired, as itclaims to be.

Flat'EarthersMWJ Phelan

ln lsaiah 40,22we read 'Ilis He (the Lord)who sits above the circle of the earth, and itsinhabitants are like grassfaperc'The He-brew word tor circls, 'chug', can meaneilher a circle or a sphere (see Davidson ,'Analytical Hebrew & Chaldee Lexicon', pCCXLIX; Gesenius, 'Hebrew & ChabeeLexicon to the Old Teslam€nt', p 263, wordno. 2329.) ls lsaiah propounding a two-dimensional round disc or a globe?

We find the word 'chug'again in Job 22, 14,and Proverbs 8, 27, where it is seen to referto the sky or almosphere, 'the circle of hea-ven'. The ancients lhought ol the sky as adome arched over the llat earth, but theScripture uses the same word to describethe shapes ol both the earlh itsell and itsatmosphere.

Not only is the word 'chug'used lo describeboth earth and atmosphere, but in Job 26,10 it is used lo describe the shape of theseas. Ha drew a circular horizon on thelace of the walers, al the boundary ot lightand darkness.'(NKJV) The Good NewsBible puts il:'He divided light from darknessby a circle drawn on the face ol the sea.'

Today we can look back lrom space andsee one hemisphere of the earth illuminatedby the sun while lhe remainder is in dark-ness. Ths boundary between the light anddarkness is a ring around the globe, sweep-ing round as the planet revolves upon itsaxis.The circular boundary only exists be-cause the earth is a sphere. No such ringwould be lound on a llat earth, the shapelhe world was imagined to be in antiquity!

Thus some basic knowledge of the shape ofthe sarth, the ollect lhis shape has on itsillumination by lhe sun, and its rotation, isimplied in this verse. Moreover, since theearth's surface is 70% seas, the circularboundary ol light and darkness is mainly onthe face ol the watersl

ln the same chapter ol Job (26, 7) anotherverse describes the form of lhe earth. Hestretcheth wt the north over the emptyplaca, and hangeth the earth upon nothing.'Lt Col L Merson Davies, who was author ofseveral ol the early pamphlets ol this Move-ment in the nineteen lorties, remarkedabout this verse in his book 'The Bible &Modern Science'. He wrote, "Whal couldthis talk ol the north being over the emptyplace convey to a man who regarded theearth as a small llat surface? The North tous is a horizontal direction, just like each ofthe other points ol the compass. How thencould one go, on a world which was a smallflat surface, to a spot where the North wouldchange direction from the horizontal lo thevertical plane? And if the North, why not theEast?

"Yel we may go as lar east as we like onthis globe, and never lind a spot whsre theEast can be said to be 'over' us: but if welravel to the North we do come to a spot (theNorlh Pole) where the North ceases alto-gether to exisl as a horizontal direction andbecomes a vertical one. All horizontaldirections, at the North Pole, point south; asdoes the direction vertically downwards.The North, however, is overhead; and this isa consequence ol the spherical shape of the6arth.

-L7-"How true, also, is Job's statement that theNorlh is stretched out over the 'emptyplace'!The word so rendered is 'lohu', andis the same word as is rendered 'wasle'(RV) in the second verse of Genesis. Dryland is not visible al the North pole. There,as probably in the second verse of Genesis,the world is found covered with a desolatewaste of frozen waters. (And note that thisvery North Polar condition of things is also aconsequence of the shape ol the earth.) Butwho told Job not only that the Nonh wouldbe lound over a lerrestrial spot, but also lhat{rg1 spot would be a desotate one?" (TheBible & Modern Science, by Lt Col L MeisonDavies, pages 34-5.)

The second part of that same verse (Job26,7) states that the earth is hung uponnothing;that is, suspended in free space aswe now know it lo be.

Thus, to recap, (1) the earth is described inthe Scriptures as being the same shape asits atmosphcre, and lhis is only lrue be-cause lhe earth is spherical. The globc olthe earth is enveloped by lhe larger globe olthe sky. (2) Job speaks ot lhe circularboundary between the darkened and sunlilareas of the world which exists only be-cause lhe earth is a sphere. (3) The Norlh isspoken of by Job as being a verlicaldirection al a point on the earth lhat is saidto be a waste place. This is an accuratepicture of the North Pole, which is asdescribed because the earlh is not flal, but aglobe. (4) All the occurrences of the Hebrewword 'chug' indicate a spherical earth, evenby implicalion in Job 26, l0 whorc llrc wor

- 18-ADVERTI'ET4ENT

CREATIONThe Journal ol the

If you want to keep informedof the progress of CreationScjence world-wide, your bestvalue for noney js asubscription to Creation. Thebimonthly journal. providesnews, revjews, and recentquotations fram Nature, NeyScieatist and ScientificAmerican - and nore ! E5 p/a.

Poll shows 47% creation-ists in USA GALLUP POLI. in the United Stateshas found that alrnost one in every twopeople surveyed believes that God createdhumans in their pre$snt tbrm within thepmt 10,000 ycan.

The poll was taken in November 1991.

Pcoplc were askcd which of thrce conr-nron views they held: man's creation byGod within the pa* 10,000 yean, cvolu-tion with God taking part, or evolution inwhich God took no part.

The most accepted vicw, held by 41% ofrespondents, was that 'God created manpretty much in his prcsent form at onetime within the last 10,000 yean.

Only 9Vo, fewer than one pen;on in evcry10, accepted the widely taught atheisticview that man evolved over millions ofyears with no part taken by God.

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The survey was published in U.S. News& World Report on December 23, 1991.Item kindly supplied by Mr RobertDoolan, Editor of Creation Ex Nihilomagazine, CSF, Australia.

Creation Science Movement

50 Brecon Ave, Portsmouth PO6 2AW, UK.

L932 - 1992

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rvEIJS rnoil cslt' AcknovTedgements and

Tlc sth European CreationistCm3fcss at High Leigh, Hoddesdon,rc rtadod by some 100 delegates fromFrance, Gerrrany, Holland, Switzedand,Sweden, Monaco, Bulgaria, Russia, theLJK and such colonial outposts as HongKong and the USA.

Ten of the 14 papers were strictlyscbntific: of particular interest were DrSchercr's (Germany) demonstrating thatfuosynthesis could not have evolved,rnd Dr Kouznetsov's (Russia) describinga nerr method of dating fossils by laser -which indicates that dinosaurs were con-tcoporary with Cromagnon Man. Twopapers dealt with Flood geology.

On the biblical side, David C C Watsonemphasised the importance of miracles inExodus as a background to the 4thComnandment; Paul Ballance showedhow 'God created through evolution"opens the door to New Age fantasies.

Copies of the proceedings may beobtained from the BCS for t4.00 + 50ppostage (UK), at PO Box 22, RUGBY,Warks. CV22 7SY

Andrew Brown of the Independent, whomade such a mess of reporting tlreGistr/Rosevear/StringerftIowgate debate 5years ago (so that one professor ofevolution had to write from his hospitalbed disclaiming that he had taken theleading part" as alleged,) wrote a disparag-ing piece for his newspaper about theconSress.

He mocked the CSM pamphlet on Anglo-Saxon Dinosaurs. As a result we soldclean out of that panicular pamphlet onour book-stall.

thanks to Dr.Rosevear.

CRT, who produce *Our World" and*Original View", and run a rcsourcesunit of creationist tap{Js, slides andvideos, has celebrated its tenth annivers-ary. Congratulations, and God blessthem!

TCCT discributed almost twelve thou-sand pieces of literature during the 3days of the Royal Comwall Show thissufllmer, using their Creation lnformationUnit.

Both Geoff Chapman and Brian Gran-tham-Hill, directors respectively of CRTand TCCT, are also members of CSMCouncit. At our CSM Councilmeeting in September, the Hon Sec,Mrs Joan Roscvear, reported an arnualincome from subscriptions and literaturesales of over f 19,000. Annual expendi-ture on printing, postage, meetings, etcwas also in excess of.f 19.000. We thankthe Lord for providing for His workthrough His people. CSM held 50 meet-ings during 12 months. Membershipcontinuc.s to climb stcadily dcspite somc' lapses due to non-renewal of subs. We

- continue to send freely to many 3rdWorld members.

Some CSM members have recently beenvoicing the idea ttlat the UK needs acreationist exhibition hall cummUsefrm in a good tourist area. Youmight pray about this and let us knowyour thoughts

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