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Davida Streett

NOAA/NESDIS

Oil

© ESA 2010

NESDIS Satellite Analysis BranchHazard Mitigation Programs

Oil

© ESA 2010

Fire and Smoke Precipitation Tropical Storms/Hurricanes

Marine Oil Spills Volcanic Ash

Operational 24 x 7 x 365

Team Lead: Mike Turk

• Oil/Marine Pollution Phone: 301-683-1403

Marine DebrisLead focal point: Ellen Ramirez

• Email: oceanmap@noaa.gov

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Kml and .shp (zipped)

Email sent to various distribution lists

Remarks

Confidence criteria and uncertainties

MPSR Reports

• Separate criteria for SAR & Optical (Multispectral) Imagery.

• Criteria Levels:

– Low

– Medium

– Medium‐High

– High

Reports only issued for anomalies assigned Medium and higher criteria by analyst.

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• Surface and Ship Winds

• Scatterometer Winds (ASCAT, WindSAT, RapidSCAT)

• Modeled Ocean Currents (HYCOM model)

• Chlorophyll Concentration and Anomaly Products (MODIS)

• GOES Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Frontal Product

ASCAT winds from METOP‐B

• Known Natural Seep Sites (GOM & CA)

• Oil Infrastructure:  Platforms/Active  Rigs/Pipelines/Oil Boreholes/Repeat Leak sources

• Known Shipwreck Sites and Shipping Lanes

• Lease Blocks/Lease Area Boundaries

• Bathymetry DataPlatforms – Red, Pipelines – Green, Seep Sites ‐ Yellow

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• National Ice Center (NIC) Daily Ice Analysis

• NRC (National Response Center)  Alerts and Hotlines

NIC Ice Analysis

Uses Provides input to oil spill trajectory models

Helps determine which models are best “handling” an event

Can be first warning of a spill.

Provides illegal oil dumping notification to USCG in accord with

MARPOL I

Only efficient way to simultaneously monitor hundreds or thousands

of Gulf platforms/rigs

Has been effectively used to “rule out” areas that don’t require oil

response. Relieves unnecessary concerns of public

Saves money and time by enabling reconnaissance aircraft to be more

precisely targeted

Provides coverage even when aircraft “grounded” by weather

Primary means of developing a synoptic picture of very large spills

Media resource during high profile spills

Enables responders to better task resources (e.g., skimmers, boom)

and planners to better prepare

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But here’s the problem…

(and it comes in three flavors)

Routine monitoring (e.g., dumping from ships)

In support of MARPOL Iobligations, USCG, BSEE

• Landsat 7, Landsat 8 and soon Sentinel 2 (Multispectral /moderate resolution)

• MODIS (TERRA and AQUA) (Multispectral /low resolution) (“sunglint season”)

• Radarsat-2 (SAR)

• Sentinel 1a and soon 1b (SAR) (Not much Sentinel 1a in GOM, but 1b will havebetter coverage

And after dark/under clouds, (when illegal dumping tends to occur), just a small amount of RADARSAT and SENTINEL

Not much imagery…

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Moderate spills w a little persistence

In support of  USCG, NOAA, state and local responders,  DHS, EPA, United Area Command Center

• All satellites on the previous slide

• FORMOSAT (Multispectral )

• EO-1 (Multispectral )

• ASTER (Multispectral )

• And after dark or under clouds, just RADARSAT and SENTINEL and just over part of our area

• NGA tasked commercial satellites ?!?  Could be a big step forward for us.

A little more imagery with some delay…

A result of FOSTERRS discussions and courtesy of NASA

• Medium‐Resolution (250 meter) visible image from NASA’s MODIS Terra satellite

– April 22, 2010 at 1645 UTC

– ~ 5‐hours after platform sank

• Showed 13 mile long oil sheen stretching northeast of source

• Information was passed on to NOAA’s National Ocean Service, U.S. Coast Guard & Minerals Management Service personnel

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Big spillsIn support of  NOAA, USCG, BOEMRE, state and local responders,  USGS, DOI Hq, others in DOI, United Area Command Center, Pentagon, Navy, Air Force, Dept. of Homeland Security, NGA, White House, ESRI, Google, media

• Suddenly, no lack of imagery (the Charter is amazing). But how to best integrate into the response? How to analyze and disseminate quickly.

• Now question is what is best to use and when.

• Unfamiliar satellites and sometimes format issues

• And for an Arctic spill, little experience with satellite oil detection.

• And above all, how to differentiate sheens from recoverable oil

International Disaster Charter Activated and NGA did a massive databuy!!!

V7 3 28 Feb 201114

Use as Area in which to Search for Thick OIl

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• Daily Composite Product

– Combined analysis of all relevant satellite passes that occurred during a given day

• “No Oil” Product

and now….FOSTERRS

Mission is/will be to foster interagency cooperation to ensure that during an oil spill, vital aircraft and satellite remote sensing assets and techniques can be quickly, effectively and seamlessly utilized by satellite/aircraft imagery analysts supporting the response.  Specifically, FOSTERRS will work to ensure that:

(1) suitable aircraft and satellite imagery is quickly made available in a manner that can be integrated into oil spill mitigation efforts, 

(2) existing imagery interrogation techniques are in the hands of those who will provide the 24 x 7 operational support and 

(3) efforts are made to develop new technology where the existing techniques do not provide oil spill responders with important information they need. 

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Other Collaborations?• MOA between NGOs  representing NESDIS and Taiwan’s Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research providing, among other things, access to FORMOSAT. 

• Pending Annex to the NOAA‐Environment Canada MOA that would formalize collaboration between SAB and ISTOP (Integrated Satellite Tracking of Pollution) creating a North American collaboration. 

• Planned discussions with Mexican counterparts about expanding collaboration to include Mexico.

• An international agreement among Space Agencies designed to provide space‐based data in the wake of a natural disaster

• Personnel at NOAA/NESDIS nominated as Project Manager of Disaster Charter– Responsible for soliciting imagery– Tried to ensured fast data & information delivery

• Charter provided 250 images during Deepwater Horizon event.  NGA stepped in as Charter imagery waned. 

• Restrictions on use of Charter imagery 

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• Need more imagery and it needs to be timely

• Need a quick albeit approximate means of determining thickness (in multispectral and SAR)

• In Arctic:  Need experience/algorithms/collaborative framework/user interactions and education/ways to eliminate false positives and false negatives

Thanks

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• Worldview 1,2,3 (Multispectral /1.8 meter)

• Quickbird (Multispectral /2.4 meter)

• Ikonos (Multispectral /3.2 meter)

• GeoEye‐1 (Multispectral /1.65 meter)

• Aster (Multispectral /15 meter)

• EO‐1 (Multispectral /30 meter)

• Formosat‐2 (Multispectral /8 meter)

• SPOT 5/6 (Multispectral /10 meter)

• TerraSAR‐x (SAR/1‐18  meter)

• COSMO‐SkyMed(SAR/1‐100 meter)

• Radarsat‐2 (Synthetic Aperture Radar‐SAR/ 50 meter)

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Email from USCG on 5/24 confirmed an oil sheen was reported to the National Response Center on the same day that the report was issued. 

Mystery slick off North Carolina. Later identified as leak from WWII era (1942) shipwreck.

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Unconfirmed anomaly west of the Florida Keys. Possible vessel link per USCG.