david vine overseas bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

133
UNRAVELING THE PENTAGON'S FOREIGN PRESENCE David Vine, American University [email protected]

Upload: johnlindsaypoland

Post on 10-May-2015

880 views

Category:

News & Politics


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Unraveling the Pentagon's Foreign Presence - this slide show by Prof. David Vine of American University presented as webinar sponsored by Fellowship of Reconciliation (forusa.org/militarism-watch) March 22, 2013. Includes extensive data on the costs of US bases, as well as sources for more information.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

UNRAVELING THE PENTAGON'S FOREIGN PRESENCE

David Vine, American [email protected]

Page 2: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Note: This PowerPoint presentation is intended as an evolving and shared resource for learning about and researching foreign military bases. Apologies for the many omissions and errors surely contained below. Corrections, questions, additions, and suggestions can be sent to [email protected].

Thanks to John Lindsay-Poland, Catherine Lutz, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, and my many other teachers and mentors in the world of bases.

-David, March 21, 2013

Page 3: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Source: David Vine, Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S. Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton University Press, 2011)

NEEDS UPDATING

Page 4: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Panetta reassures Portugal on Azores Islands after U.S. downsizes decades-old base thereJanuary 15, 2013By Craig Whitlock

U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta listens to questions from journalists… (RAFAEL MARCHANTE/REUTERS )

LISBON — The Pentagon’s era of austerity is starting to pinch some remote corners of the globe, including a volcanic island in the mid-Atlantic.

Page 5: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Pentagon eyeing European base consolidationsMar 8, 2013Kate Brannen

With a shift in military strategy and the withdrawal of thousands of U.S. troops in Europe, the Pentagon is eyeing a smaller European footprint — a move that could pave the way for further base closures at home.

Before leaving office, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta directed senior Pentagon officials to launch a study of the U.S. military infrastructure in Europe with the goal of eliminating excess capacity.

Page 6: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OVERVIEW• The Basics about Bases

• Researching Financial Costs

• Researching Other Costs

• Some Research Principles and Key Resources

• Anti-Base Movements

• Putting Knowledge to Use

• Costs of War Project and Other Perspectives

• Q & A David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 7: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 8: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 9: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

costsofwar.org

Page 10: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Source: David Vine, Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S. Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton University Press, 2011)

NEEDS UPDATING

Page 11: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 12: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Photo David Vine 2012

Ronald McDonald at Naval Station Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

Page 13: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Scooby Doo at Naval Station Guantánamo Bay, Cuba?

Photo David Vine 2012

Page 14: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

World War I Chemical Weapons Testing Base Spring Valley, Washington, DC

Page 15: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Army Corps of Engineers Munitions and Chemical Weapons Disposal Area, Spring Valley, Washington, DC

Page 16: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Not Diego Garcia (Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera)

Page 17: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Source: David Vine, Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S. Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton University Press, 2011)

Page 18: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Diego Garcia

Page 19: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

AfghanistanIraq

Page 20: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

AfghanistanIraq Iran

Page 21: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Camp Justice, Diego Garcia

Page 22: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Chagossian Children at School, circa 1955

Page 23: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

~1,200 mi.

~1,200 mi.

Page 24: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

~1,200 mi.

~1,200 mi.

Page 25: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Final Chagossian Expulsion Order from Diego Garcia (Memo from Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, U.S. Navy Archives, Washington, DC)

Page 26: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

- http://www.dg.navy.mil/web/

Page 27: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S. Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton University Press, 2009)

Page 28: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 29: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 30: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• >1,000 Estimated Military “Base Sites” Abroad

760 "Base Sites Claimed by DOD outside 50 States & DC[Excludes Afghanistan, secret, other omitted sites]

• >5,500 Total Base Sites in US and Abroad DOD=5,211[Excludes Afghanistan, secret, other omitted sites]

• ≈ Number of Registered Hospitals in the US (5,724)

- Department of Defense, Base Structure Report 2012;Nick Turse, “The Pentagon's Planet of Bases,” TomDispatch.com, 2011

American Hospital Association, 2013

Page 31: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• Germany = 232; Japan = 109; South Korea = 85; Italy = 59

• Afghanistan ~ 550 max.

• (Iraq = 505 max.)

- Department of Defense, Base Structure Report 2012; - Nick Turse 2012, 2011

Page 32: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• What’s a “Base”? What’s a “Base Site”?

• 84% DOD Reported Sites = “Small Base Sites”

• “Small Base Sites” = Up to $915 million in Reported Value

• Luxembourg = 3 Base Sites; 65 Buildings

- Department of Defense, Base Structure Report 2012

Page 33: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• 555,074 Buildings & Structures Occupied Worldwide Including 114,571 overseas

• 298,897 Buildings Occupying 2.3 Billion Sq. Ft. Worldwide

• That’s About Four Times the Space of Walmart

- Department of Defense, Base Structure Report 2012

Page 34: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• Troop Presence in 166 Countries [many quite small]See: Department of Defense, “Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A),” report, Washington, DC, December 31, 2011.

• 11 Navy Aircraft Carriers

• Growing Presence in Space

Page 35: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

WHAT’S IT ALL COST?

Page 36: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 37: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKCOSTS

• $22.1 Billion (“Overseas Cost Summary”)Department of Defense, “Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates,” Washington, DC, February 2013, p. 199-202.

• $250 Billion (Dancs) Anita Dancs, “The Cost of the Global U.S. Military Presence,” Foreign Policy in Focus, report, July 3, 2009.

• $170 Billion (Vine)David Vine, “Picking Up a $170 Billion Tab: How U.S. Taxpayers Are Paying the Pentagon to Occupy the Planet,” TomDispatch.com, December 11, 2012. http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175627/

Page 38: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

$169,963,153,283

- David Vine, “Picking Up a $170 Billion Tab: How U.S. Taxpayers Are Paying the Pentagon to Occupy the Planet,” TomDispatch.com, December 11, 2012. http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175627/

- For full-length article, table of calculations (below): www.davidvine.net

Page 39: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

Health Care, Military and Family Housing Construction, Exchange* and Postal Service Subsidies

12,526,099,520

Net “Rent” Payments and NATO Contributions (Funds from Other Nations Subtracted*) 6,850,087,520

Counternarcotics, Humanitarian, and Environmental Programs 681,420,000

Classified Programs, Military Intelligence, and CIA Paramilitary Activities 13,558,891,583

War Costs (Personnel, Operations & Maintenance, Military Construction, Health Care, 18% of State Department Aid as “Rent,” Other)

104,896,568,660

GRAND TOTAL $169,963,153,283David Vine, American University

[email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

Page 40: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

Page 41: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 42: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

Page 43: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

DOD, Office of the Secretary of Defense, “Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 President’s Budget, Contingency Operations (Base Budget),” February 2012.

Page 44: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

• U.S. Census Bureau, “Puerto Rico and the Island Areas,” in Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012, (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2012), 815-22.

• “One Guam Buildup”; Guam Realignment Annual Report, 2012; Bureau of

Statistics and Plans, “Guam’s Facts & Figures at a Glance,” Office of the Governor, Hagatna, 2011, available at http://www.bsp.guam.gov/images/stories/pip/guamfacts_2011.pdf.

• www.statemaster.com (2004 data) for other territories.

Page 45: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

• Operations and Maintenance Costs (O&M): Department of Defense, “Financial Summary Tables, Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2013,” Washington, DC, February 2012, FAD 792, 2.

Page 46: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

Health Care, Military and Family Housing Construction, Exchange* and Postal Service Subsidies

12,526,099,520

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

• Defense Health Program: http://comptroller.defense.gov/defbudget/fy2013/budget_justification/pdfs/09_Defense_Health_Program/VOL_II/Vol_II-Sec_3I_R-2_RDTE_Program_Element_0605013_DHP_PB13.pdf

• Defense-Wide Spending: Department of Defense, “Financial Summary Tables, Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2013,” Washington, DC, February 2012, 10.

Page 47: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

Health Care, Military and Family Housing Construction, Exchange* and Postal Service Subsidies

12,526,099,520

Net “Rent” Payments and NATO Contributions (Funds from Other Nations Subtracted*) 6,850,087,520

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

• Burdensharing and Host Nation Support: Office of Management and Budget, “The Budget for Fiscal Year 2013,” Washington, DC, February 2012, 277, 324.

• On “Rent”: Kent Calder, Embattled Garrisons; James Blaker, United States Overseas Basing (full citations below).

Page 48: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

Health Care, Military and Family Housing Construction, Exchange* and Postal Service Subsidies

12,526,099,520

Net “Rent” Payments and NATO Contributions (Funds from Other Nations Subtracted*) 6,850,087,520

Counternarcotics, Humanitarian, and Environmental Programs 681,420,000

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

• Counternarcotics and Humanitarian Programs: Department of Defense, “Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates,” Washington, DC, February 2013, pp. 59, 244.

Page 49: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

Health Care, Military and Family Housing Construction, Exchange* and Postal Service Subsidies

12,526,099,520

Net “Rent” Payments and NATO Contributions (Funds from Other Nations Subtracted*) 6,850,087,520

Counternarcotics, Humanitarian, and Environmental Programs 681,420,000

Classified Programs, Military Intelligence, and CIA Paramilitary Activities 13,558,891,583

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

Page 50: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

CLASSIFIED, CIA, OTHER BLACK BUDGETS

• Robert Beckhusen and Noah Shachtman, “See for Yourself: The Pentagon’s $51 Billion ‘Black’ Budget,” Wired 15 February 2012, http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/02/pentagons-black-budget/

• Robert Beckhusen and Noah Shachtman, “2013 DOD Black Budget,” spreadsheet, 21 February 2012, https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Anb82yNPJZc0dDVadWM1c0xTZXlfVjRGZUlRQ3pja0E#gid=3.

• Federation of American Scientists, “Intelligence Budget Data,” available at http://www.fas.org/irp/budget/index.html

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 51: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

Health Care, Military and Family Housing Construction, Exchange* and Postal Service Subsidies

12,526,099,520

Net “Rent” Payments and NATO Contributions (Funds from Other Nations Subtracted*) 6,850,087,520

Counternarcotics, Humanitarian, and Environmental Programs 681,420,000

Classified Programs, Military Intelligence, and CIA Paramilitary Activities 13,558,891,583

War Costs (Personnel, Operations & Maintenance, Military Construction, Health Care, 18% of State Department Aid as “Rent,” Other)

104,896,568,660

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

Page 52: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

WAR COSTS• Costs of War Project: www.costsofwar.org

• Amy Belasco, “The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11,” Congressional Research Service, March 29, 2011, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33110.pdf

• Basic Pay: # Troops x $125,000/troop/year (widely used estimate)

• DOD, “Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A),” report, Washington, DC, 31 December 2011.

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 53: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

OMITTED SPENDING CATEGORY TOTAL

Pentagon “Overseas Cost Summary” Total $22,148,900,000

Missing Countries 435,404,000

Territories,* Possessions, and Pacific Island Nations 3,621,220,000

Naval Vessels and Personnel outside U.S. Waters; Prepositioned Ships and Stocks; Other Sealift, Airlift, and Mobilization

5,244,562,000

Health Care, Military and Family Housing Construction, Exchange* and Postal Service Subsidies

12,526,099,520

Net “Rent” Payments and NATO Contributions (Funds from Other Nations Subtracted*) 6,850,087,520

Counternarcotics, Humanitarian, and Environmental Programs 681,420,000

Classified Programs, Military Intelligence, and CIA Paramilitary Activities 13,558,891,583

War Costs (Personnel, Operations & Maintenance, Military Construction, Health Care, 18% of State Department Aid as “Rent,” Other)

104,896,568,660

GRAND TOTAL $169,963,153,283David Vine, American University

[email protected]

Calculating the Costs of U.S. Military Bases and U.S. Military Presence AbroadAll data FY2012 unless indicated by * where some data from 2004, 2008, 2011.

Page 54: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKUNCOUNTED COSTS

• Pentagon Offices, Embassies, Other Government Agencies Supporting Bases, Troops Overseas

• U.S. Training Facilities, Depots, Hospitals, Cemeteries

• Currency Exchange Costs

• Lawyers’ Fees and Lawsuit Damages Paid

Page 55: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKUNCOUNTED COSTS

• Temporary Duty Assignments (TDY) Abroad Salaries

• U.S.-based Troops in Exercises Overseas

• NASA Military Functions Abroad

• Spaced-based Weapons

Page 56: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKUNCOUNTED COSTS

• Recruiting Costs to Staff Bases Abroad

• Interest on Debt Attributable to Past Overseas Costs

• Veterans Administration and Other Retirement Spending for Military Abroad

Page 57: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKNON-BUDGETARY COSTS

TO THE U.S.ECONOMY

• Income Foregone by Spouses, Dependents Not Working Overseas

• Military Personnel Salaries, Rent Spent Abroad & Other “Spillover Costs” Not Benefitting the U.S. Economy

Page 58: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKTRADE-OFFS/

OPPORTUNITY COSTS

• Military Spending Creates Fewer Jobs per $1 billion than Education, Health Care, Energy Efficiency

Page 59: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 60: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKTRADE-OFFS/

OPPORTUNITY COSTS

• Military Spending Creates Fewer Jobs per $1 billion than Education, Health Care, Energy Efficiency

• Military Spending Don’t Boost Long-run Productivity Like Infrastructure and Other Investments

• For Trade-Offs: National Priorities Project http://costofwar.com/tradeoffs/state/US/program/12/tradeoff/0

http://nationalpriorities.org/en/interactive-data/trade-offs/

Page 61: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

WHAT ARE THE OTHER COSTS?

Page 62: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKOTHER COSTS

• Displacement and Dispossession

• Environmental

• Health

• Local Economic (e.g., Damage to Economies, “Burden Sharing” Payments, Lawsuits)

• Political (e.g., Democracy, Sovereignty, Human Rights)

• Crimes

Page 63: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

THE US GLOBAL BASE NETWORKOTHER COSTS

• Exploitation and Gender Violence (e.g., Exploitative Sex Work Industries, Trafficking, Violence against Women)

• Labor Exploitation (Bases as places of labor)

• Rising Hostility and Anti-Americanism

• Military Personnel and Family Members (e.g., Family Separation, Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Divorce, Sexual Assault, Suicide)

• War and Its Human Toll (e.g., Death, Injury, Displacement)

Page 64: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

SOME RESEARCH PRINCIPLES AND KEY RESOURCES

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 65: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

SOME RESEARCH PRINCIPLES

• Be Accurate

• Talk to Locals, Visit Bases and Base Communities

• Work Collaboratively

• Listen Carefully to Everyone; Ignore No One

• Where Are the Women?

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 66: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

SOME RESEARCH PRINCIPLES• Be an Investigative Journalist

(Don’t give up until you get the answers.)

• Ask the Military Questions

(Yours are legitimate & deserve answers.)

• Call

(Don’t be shy. Get your questions answered.)

• Knock on Doors

(Go in person to get questions answered.)

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 67: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY RESEARCH RESOURCES• Government Sources

• Research Tools

• Websites

• Key Books and Articles

• Maps

• Films and Photography

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 68: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GOVERNMENT SOURCES• Government Accountability Office (GAO)

• Congressional Research Service (CRS)

• Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

• Congressional Committees (esp. House and Senate Armed Services Committees)

• Department of Defense Appropriations and Authorization Bills (esp., Military Construction)

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 69: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GOVERNMENT SOURCES• “Base Structure Reports”

DOD, published annually online ~ Oct.

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 70: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Base Structure Report 2012

Page 71: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GOVERNMENT SOURCES• “Base Structure Reports”

DOD, published annually online ~ Oct.

• “Overseas Cost Summary”Department of Defense, “Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates,” Washington, DC, February 2013, p. 199-202. [Mandated annually by Congress]

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 72: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 73: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GOVERNMENT SOURCES• “Base Structure Reports”

DOD, published annually online ~ Oct.

• “Overseas Cost Summary”Department of Defense, “Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates,” Washington, DC, February 2013, p. 199-202. [Mandated annually by Congress]

• DOD, “Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates.” [Annual]

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 74: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

“Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates”

Page 75: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GOVERNMENT SOURCES• “Base Structure Reports”

DOD, published annually online ~ Oct.

• “Overseas Cost Summary”Department of Defense, “Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates,” Washington, DC, February 2013, p. 199-202. [Mandated annually by Congress]

• DOD, “Operations and Maintenance Overview Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates,” February 2012. [Annual]

• “The Green Book” [Annual]DOD, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), “National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 2013,” March 2012.

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 76: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 77: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GOVERNMENT SOURCES• DOD, “Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area

and by Country (309A),” report, Washington, DC, 31 December 2011. [Updated sporadically.]

• DOD, Office of the Secretary of Defense, “Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 President’s Budget, Contingency Operations (Base Budget),” February 2012. [Annual]

• Combatant Commands’ Budgets: E.g., “Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates, United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM),” February 2012. [Annual]

• Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan, “Transforming Wartime Contracting: Controlling Costs, Reducing Risks,” final report, August 2011. www.wartimecontracting.gov

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 78: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GOVERNMENT SOURCES• Amy Belasco, “The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War

on Terror Operations Since 9/11,” Congressional Research Service, March 29, 2011, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33110.pdf

• Department of State, “Congressional Budget Justification: Foreign Assistance Summary Tables Fiscal Year 2013,” 2012. [Annual]

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 79: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

RESEARCH TOOLS• DOD Websites: www.defense.gov

• DOD Contracts: www.defense.gov/contracts

Federal Business Opportunities: https://www.fbo.gov/

• DOD Publications: E.g., Diálogo, Engineering in Europe

• Base Websites: E.g., www.ramstein.af.mil

• Base Public Affairs Offices

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 80: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

RESEARCH TOOLS• Google Alerts: E.g., “military bases,” “[base name]”

• Google Images, Flickr: Search by base name

• YouTube: Search by base name

• Military Conferences: E.g., Association of the United States Army (AUSA), Marine Military Expos

• National Security Archive: http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 81: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

RESEARCH TOOLS• Digital National Security Archive: http://

nsarchive.chadwyck.com/marketing/index.jsp

• MuckRock: https://www.muckrock.com/

• Listservs: E.g., Center for Public Environmental Oversight (http://www.cpeo.org)

• Wikileaks: E.g., search by base, country, city name

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 82: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

RESEARCH TOOLS• Offices of Members of Congress: Ask questions, they

can do research if prompted

• Databases for Military and Government Documents: e.g., EBSCO Military and Government; Government Printing Office Monthly Catalog

• Library of Congress: www.loc.gov

• National Archives and Armed Services’ Archives

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 83: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

RESEARCH TOOLS• Stars and Stripes independent military newspaper:

Search by base, country name http://www.stripes.com/

• Public Opinion Survey Research: E.g., Rasmussen Reports, Gallop

• Experiential Learning: – Solidarity Tours – Ethnographic Research – Oral History Interviewing – Just Visiting Base Communities

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 84: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

WEBSITES• Global Security: www.globalsecurity.org

• Contract Data: http://www.usaspending.gov/ Federal Procurement Data System-Next Generation:

https://www.fpds.gov/fpdsng_cms/

Federal Business Opportunities: https://www.fbo.gov/

• http://militarybases.com

• National Priorities Project: http://costofwar.com/ http://nationalpriorities.org/

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 85: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

WEBSITES• Costs of War Project: www.costsofwar.org

• Militarism Watch, Fellowship of Reconciliation: http://forusa.org/groups/services/militarism-watch

• Women for Genuine Security: http://www.genuinesecurity.org

• American Friends Service Committee: http://afsc.org http://afsc.org/search/node/military%20bases

http://afsc.org/project/withdrawing-us-troops

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 86: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

PRIMERS• Transnational Institute, “Outposts of Empire: The Case

against Foreign Military Bases,” Amsterdam, March 2007.

• American Friends Service Committee, “Ten Reasons Why U.S. Military Bases Must Go,” http://www.dmzhawaii.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/10reasons-en.pdf

• Wilbert van der Zeijden, “Foreign Military Bases and the Campaign to Close Them: A Beginner’s Guide,” http://www.tni.org/primer/foreign-military-bases-and-global-campaign-close-them

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 87: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY BOOKS AND ARTICLES• George Weller, Bases Overseas: An American Trusteeship in

Power (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1944).

• George Marion, Bases and Empire: A Chart of American Overseas Expansion (New York: Fairplay Publishers, 1948).

• Merlo J. Pusey, The U.S.A. Astride the Globe (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971).

• United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on United States Security Agreements and Commitments Abroad, “United States Security Agreements and Commitments Abroad: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate,” 91st Congress, Vols. I-II, 1971.

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 88: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY BOOKS AND ARTICLES• Roland A. Paul, American Military Commitments Abroad (New

Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1973).

• Robert E. Harkavy, Bases Abroad: The Global Foreign Military Presence (Oxford: Oxford University Press/SIPRI, 1989).

• Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).

• James R. Blaker, United States Overseas Basing: An Anatomy of the Dilemma (New York: Praeger, 1990).

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 89: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY BOOKS AND ARTICLES• Joseph Gerson and Bruce Birchard, eds., The Sun Never

Sets: Confronting the Network of Foreign U.S. Military Bases, (Boston: South End Press, 1991).

• Dan Cragg, Guide to Military Installations, 4th ed. (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1994).

• Monthly Review editors, “U.S. Military Bases and Empire," Monthly Review, March 2002, http://www.monthlyreview.org/0302editr.htm.

• Zoltan Grossman, “War and New U.S. Military Bases,” Counterpunch February 2-4, 2002, http://www.counterpunch.org/2002/02/02/war-and-new-us-military-bases/

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 90: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY BOOKS AND ARTICLES• Chalmers Johnson, The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism,

Secrecy, and the End of the Republic (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004).

• Robert E. Harkavy, Strategic Basing and the Great Powers, 1200-2000 (London: Routledge, 2007).

• Mark Gillem, American Town: Building the Outposts of Empire (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007).

• Kent E. Calder, Embattled Garrisons: Comparative Base Politics and American Globalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007).

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 91: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY BOOKS AND ARTICLES• David S. Sorenson, Military Base Closure: A Reference

Handbook (Westport, CT: Praeger Security, 2007).

• Tom Engelhardt, “Baseless Considerations,” Tom Dispatch.com, November 5, 2007, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/174858

• Various authors, Mother Jones, “Mission Creep,” August 2008, http://www.motherjones.com/special-reports/2008/08/mission-creep

• Alexander Cooley, Base Politics: Democratic Change and the Politics of U.S. Military Installations Overseas (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008).

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 92: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY BOOKS AND ARTICLES• Catherine Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire: The Global

Struggle against U.S. Military Posts (New York: New York University Press, 2009).

• Maria Höhn and Seungsook Moon, Over There: Living with the U.S. Military Empire from World War Two to the Present (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010).

• Andrew Yeo, Activists, Alliances, and Anti-U.S. Base Protests (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

• Nick Turse, “The Pentagon's Planet of Bases,” TomDispatch.com, January 9, 2011, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175338/

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 93: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

KEY BOOKS AND ARTICLES• John Lindsay-Poland, “Pentagon Building Bases in Central

America and Colombia,” Fellowship of Reconciliation, January 27, 2011, http://forusa.org/blogs/john-lindsay-poland/pentagon-building-bases-central-america-colombia/8445

• Nick Turse, “Afghanistan’s Base Bonanza: Total Tops Iraq at That War’s Height,” TomDispatch.com, 4 September 2012, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175588/

• Others by Nick Turse and Tom Engelhardt at TomDispatch.com.

• Articles by Walter Pincus, Washington Post columnist. David Vine, American University

[email protected]

Page 94: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

MAPS(a small sample)

• Transnational Institute, “See the World’s Foreign Military Bases from Outer Space,” Google Earth file: http://www.tni.org/article/see-world%E2%80%99s-foreign-military-bases-outer-space

• Fellowship of Reconciliation, “Annotated Map of Military Construction in Latin America”

• Zoltan Grossman, “New U.S. Military Bases: Side Effects or Causes of War” (powerpoint)

• Military Bases in the Continental United States: http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/documents/basesmilitarymap.htm

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 95: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

FILMS(a small sample)

• Standing Army

• Living Along the Fenceline

• Restrepo

• Fort Bliss

• Camp Victory Afghanistan

• Stealing a Nation

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 96: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

ANTI-BASE MOVEMENTS(a small sample)

• Close the Base (Okinawa): http://closethebase.org/

• No Base Stories Korea: http://nobasestorieskorea.blogspot.com/

• Save Jeju: www.savejeju.org/ and www.savejejunow.org

• We Are Guahan (Guam): http://weareguahan.com/

• Coalición Colombia No Bases: http://colombianobases.org/nobases/

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 97: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

ANTI-BASE MOVEMENTS(a small sample)

• No Dal Molin (Vicenza, Italy): www.nodalmolin.it/

• Chagos Refugees Group (Diego Garcia): http://www.chagosrefugeesgroup.net/

• UK Chagos Support Association (Diego Garcia): http://www.chagossupport.org.uk/

• No Bases Network (out of date): http://nobasesglobalnetwork.blogspot.com/

• School of the Americas Watch: www.soaw.org

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 98: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

PUTTING KNOWLEDGE TO USE

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 99: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

“ONE PAGERS”

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 100: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

NEEDS UPDATING

Page 101: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

NEEDS UPDATING

Page 102: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

TALKING POINTS

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 103: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

NEEDS UPDATING

Page 104: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 105: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

COSTS OF WAR PROJECT

Watson Institute for International Studies

Brown University

costsofwar.org

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 106: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

costsofwar.org

Page 107: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:HISTORY &

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 108: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF BASES ABROAD

• Army Forts on Indian Lands Enable Western Conquest

• Small collection of overseas bases pre-WWII

• Global base network emerges from WWII- Largest in human history

• Post-Cold War Reductions - 60% of foreign bases close - ~300,000 troops to CONUS- But, a significant base and troop posture remains that

remains largest in human history

Page 109: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• Shift begins around 2000 • Planned closure of 1/3 Cold War-era bases

• Shift bases south and east from Western Europe

• Focus on creating smaller, more flexible bases

• Global Defense Posture Review (2004)

Page 110: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

GLOBAL DEFENSE POSTURE REVIEW (GDPR)

• Shift bases south and east from Western Europe

• Focus on creating smaller, more flexible bases

• Consolidate forces at smaller number of MOBs

• New base nomenclature (below)

Page 111: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

NEW BASE NOMENCLATURE

• Main Operating Bases (MOB)

• Forward Operating Sites (FOS)

• Cooperative Security Locations (CSL), - aka “Lily Pad” Bases

Page 112: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 113: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• Outcome 1: Significant reductions, especially in

- Germany and Europe - Some consolidation in Japan and South Korea- But continued new construction in Italy and Germany

Page 114: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL BASE NETWORK

• Outcome 2: Significant expansion related to

- The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq- The global war on terror- Proliferation of lily pads and other small bases

increasing breadth of the base network

Page 115: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

WESTERN EUROPE

• Base closures; Army consolidating to 8 “enduring installations” in Germany, Italy, Benelux

• 2 Brigade Combat Teams withdrawn 2013-14

• Major new construction: Vicenza, Ramstein, Wiesbaden, Landstuhl(?)

• New bases: Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Lithuania

• Attempted: Czech Republic

Page 116: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

US ARMY EUROPE

Page 117: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

EAST ASIA(“ASIA PIVOT”)

• South Korea: Consolidating at fewer expanding bases, away from the DMZ, south of Seoul

•Okinawa: 8,000 Marines moving; not waiting for Futenma replacement

• Guam: Build-up downsized (4,700); others moving to Australia, Hawai’i

• New bases created or (discussed): Darwin, (Cocos, Perth, Brisbane, Australia); Singapore; (Philippines); (Thailand)

Page 118: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

-Washington Post

Page 119: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

- From Washington Post

http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/a-new-us-military-strategy-

old-bases-near-the-south-china-sea/2012/06/22/

gJQAZwf5vV_graphic.html

Page 120: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

• Jim Watson/AP - U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta, left, receives a photo album of his visit to Vietnam from Gen. Vu Chien Thang upon his departure at Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi, Vietnam Tuesday, June 5, 2012.

• http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-seeks-return-to-se-asian-bases/2012/06/22/gJQAKP83vV_story.html

Page 121: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

CENTRAL ASIA

• Post-9/11 bases: Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan (closed); reported facilities in Tajikistan, Georgia

•Afghan withdrawal: NATO agreements with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan; Russia(?)

• India? Attempting closer military ties

• Afghanistan? Bases after 2014???

Page 122: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

PERSIAN GULF/MIDDLE EAST

• Withdrawal (mostly) from Iraq and 505 bases

• Large base infrastructure remains: Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Turkey, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia

Page 123: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 124: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

USS Ponceaka “the mothership” forward afloat base

US Navy photo # 110310-N-3154P-087: MEDITERRANEAN SEA (March 10, 2011) by MC3 Scott Pittman.

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Page 125: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

AFRICA• AFRICOM (still headquartered in Germany)

• Major bases: Djibouti, Diego Garcia

• Other bases: Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Niger, Senegal, Seychelles, South Sudan, Uganda

• Bases planned/investigated/reported: Algeria, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe

• 3,000+ soldier brigade begins rotations 2013

Page 126: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

- From Washington Posthttp://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/the-african-network/2012/06/13/

gJQAmozvaV_graphic.html

AFRICA

Diego Garcia

Page 127: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

-Washington Post

Page 128: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

- Washington Post

http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-drone-base-in-ethiopia-is-operational/2011/10/27/gIQAznKwMM_story.html

Page 129: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

• U.S. Africa Command/Major Eric Hilliard - The Seychelles, where the U.S. had temporarily stationed MQ-9s under the operational authority of U.S. Africa Command, now houses a base where a small fleet of “hunter-killer” drones resumed operations this month.

• http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-building-secret-drone-bases-in-africa-arabian-peninsula-officials-say/2011/09/20/gIQAJ8rOjK_story.html

Page 130: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

David Vine, American University [email protected]

Mysterious fatal crash offers rare look at U.S. commando presence in Mali

By Craig Whitlock, Published: July 8, 2012

In pre-dawn darkness, a Toyota Land Cruiser skidded off a bridge in North Africa in the spring, plunging into the Niger River. When rescuers arrived, they found the bodies of three U.S. Army commandos — alongside three dead women.

Page 131: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

LATIN AMERICA• Removal: Panama (1999), Ecuador (2009)

• Bases: GTMO, Colombia (7 new attempted after 2009), Honduras, El Salvador, Aruba & Curaçao, Paraguay(?), Peru(?), Chile(?), Argentina(?)

• Expanding: GTMO, Honduras

• Funding: local military/police bases in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Peru

• 4th Fleet Reactivation

Page 132: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

LATIN AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

Page 133: David Vine Overseas Bases webinar 21 mar 2013 web

BRAC: DOMESTIC BASES

• 2015?