david piper task manager (pops enabling activities) unep dgef pops waste disposal under the...
TRANSCRIPT
David PiperTask Manager (POPs enabling activities)UNEP DGEF
POPs waste disposal under the Stockholm Convention
Key elements
Convention provisions relating to wastes
• Article 3 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from intentional production and use
• Article 5 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from unintentional production
• Article 6 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from stockpiles and wastes
Article 3: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases
from intentional production and use
Restricts trade of POPs chemicals to:
• purposes/uses permitted under registered specific exemptions/acceptable purpose
• environmentally sound disposal – (paragraph 1d of Art 6)
Article 5 & Annex C: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases
from unintentional production
• Develop action plans• Promote
– available, feasible and practical measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction or source elimination
– substitute products and processes– the use of BAT/BEP
• BAT required for new Part II sources 4 years after entry into force
Preventing POPs waste arising
Reducing releases
“…promote available, feasible, practical measures…”
• Improved waste management
• Treatment of residuals and wastes
• Improved flue-gas cleaning
• Low-waste technologies
• Recovery and recycling of wastes
• Good housekeeping
• Improved product quality
• Avoiding use & generation of elemental Cl
• Less hazardous raw materials
• Process changes – e.g. closed systems
• Process modification – e.g. to improve combustion
Waste-related source categories
Annex C Part II• Waste incinerators, including co-incineration of
municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage sludge
• Cement kilns firing hazardous waste• Secondary copper, aluminium and zinc productionAnnex C Part III
– Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites– Crematoria and destruction of animal carcasses– Shredder plants for treatment of vehicles– Smouldering of copper cables– Waste oil refineries
Article 6: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases
from stockpiles and wastes
• Stockpiles
• Wastes
• Contaminated sites
• Linkage to Basel Convention
Stockpiles
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (b), (c)
• Develop strategies to identify POPs stockpiles, & products in use
• Identify POPs stockpiles & products in use
• Manage POPs stockpiles in an environmentally sound manner
Wastes (& products and articles upon becoming wastes)
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (d)• Develop strategies to identify POPs wastes• Handle, collect, transport & store wastes in an environmentally sound
manner• Dispose
– so that POPs content is destroyed or irreversibly transformed– In an environmentally sound manner if destruction not preferred– in a way that does not lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation, or reuse of
POPs• Transport POPs wastes across international boundaries according to
international rules
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (e); Contaminated sites• Develop strategies to identify contaminated sites
– (and ensure that remediation is performed in environmentally sound manner)
Art 5
No identify here but implied in the next
point
Does the wasteInclude products or articles consisting of, containing or
contaminated with POPs?
No
Yes
POPs waste
Municipal, industrial or
hazardous wastes
Is the content of the waste
arising known?
Yes
NoConduct
analyses & report
Yes
Yes
NoDispose as appropriate for waste, noting obligations under Article 5 & Annex C re unintentional production of POPs byproducts
1.Prepare management plans to such that wastes are handled, collected, transported and stored in an environmentally sound manner 2. Dispose of wastes so that POPs content is destroyed or irreversibly transformedOr dispose in ESM where destruction isa) Not environmentally preferred, or b) POPs content is low(Article 6.1.a,d) Note obligations under Article 5 & Annex C
Are wastes To be exported?
Prepare management plans compatible with international rules, standards & guidelines
Are sources of POPs wastes
known?Identify sources of wastes & seek to minimize or eliminate, then …No
Develop strategy, allowing waste separation & appropriate management compatible with Article 6.1.a,d, then…
Are POPs wastesseparated?
No
Yes
Wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated
with POPs
Export of POPs waste for environmentally sound disposal ?
Yes
Prohibit unacceptable tradeNo
Paragraph 2 of Article 6
• Stockholm COPs to cooperate closely with Basel COP to:– Establish levels of destruction and
irreversible transformation to ensure that POPs characteristics are not exhibited
– Determine what methods constitute environmentally sound disposal
– Define “low POPs content” for purposes of environmentally sound disposal
Waste guidelines
– Developed through Basel OEWG subgroup– Adopted by Basel Convention COP October 2004
Stockholm Convention Secretariat is requested:
• to prepare a report on such guidelines relating to POPs as may be adopted by the CoP to the Basel Convention,
• analyse the implications of those guidelines for the Stockholm Convention
• indicate elements that might be considered suitable for adoption under paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Stockholm Convention.
PCBs – Annex A Part II
• Cease production of new PCBs immediately– New PCB = waste
• Eliminate use of in-place PCB equipment by 2025
• Achieve environmentally sound disposal of PCB wastes as soon as possible and not later than 2028
PCB objectives
• Ensuring that PCBs in use remain in responsible hands
• Orderly removal from use – an integral part of business planning &
capital investment– Government an important owner of PCBs
• Environmentally sound destruction• Prevention of further contamination
Decision tree: PCBsPCBs
Party possess ……
..obsolete equipment contaminated with PCBs?
..equipment contaminated
with PCBs
..PCB liquids andliquids contaminated
with PCBs
..other materialscontaminated
with PCBs
Go to decision tree 11 (equipment and
obsolete equipment contaminated with
PCBs)
1. Manage these materials in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 62. In lieu of note (ii) in Part I of Annex A, endeavour to identify other articles containing more than 0.005 % PCBs (e.g. cable-sheaths, cured caulk and painted objects)3. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the CoP
Go to decision tree 5 (Stocks of POPs)
1. Classify as waste2. Make determined efforts designed to lead to environmentally sound waste management of liquids contaminated with PCBs having a PCB content above 50 ppm as soon as possible but no later than 20283. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the CoP
Go to decision tree
8 (wastes)
1. Define as waste2. Make determined efforts designed to lead to environmentally sound waste management of equipment contaminated with PCBs having a PCB content above 50 ppm as soon as possible but no later than 20283. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the Conference of the Parties
PCB Equipment and offline or decommissioned equipment contaminated with PCBs
Go to decision tree 8 (wastes)
Party possesses equipment contaminated
with PCBs
Does the Party use equipment
contaminated with
PCBs?
Yes
No
Is the PCB-contaminated
equipment de-commissioned?
is the equipment maintained for reuse?
No
No
Go to decision tree 12 (use of PCB equipment)
Party possessdecommissioned or offline equipment contaminated
with PCBs
Except for maintenance and servicing operations, not allow recovery for the purpose
of reuse in other equipment of liquids with PCBs content above 0.005 %
Note: Any PCB-containing equipment imported after becoming Party to the Convention has to be defined as waste
Use of equipment contaminated with PCBs
Does equipment in use
contain greater than 10 % PCBs and volumes greater
than 5 litres?
No
Use of equipment contaminated
with PCBs
Go to decision tree 13
Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use by 2025,
then….
Does equipment in use
contain greater than 0.05 % PCBs and volumes greater
than 5 litres?
Does equipment in use
contain greater than 0.005 % PCBs and volumes greater
than 0.05 litres?
No
Yes
Does the analysis of equipment in
use show a PCB content less than 0.005 %
?
Regarded as PCB-free under the SC
Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use by 2025,
then…Yes
Endeavour to identify and remove from use by 2025, then…
Yes
No
Yes
No
Reanalyze and reclassify PCB-
containing equipment From decision tree 13
From decision tree 13
1st priority
2nd priority
3rd priority
Priorities related to volume and concentration of PCBs
Use of equipment contaminated with PCBs
From decision tree 12
Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the Conference of the
Parties
Is the equipment intact and non-leaking?
No
Take measure to improve condition of the equipment or decommission
Yes
Is the equipment used in areas where the risk
from environmental release can be minimised and quickly
remedied ?
No
Yes
Isthe equipment
used in areas associated with the production or processing
of food and feed ?
Take measure to remove from use
Yes
Isthe equipment used
in populated areas, including schools and
hospitals?
No
Yes
Take all reasonable measures to protect from electrical failure which could result in a fire, and regular inspection of equipment for leaks
No
Go back to decisiontree 12 to nextlower priority
and
Take measure to reduce risk of environmental release and assure that releases can be quickly remedied
Priorities related to risk posed by equipment
Extraction, pre-treatment technologies
thermal desorption
draining/solvent washing
Dismantling, shredding‘opening’ + solvent wash
other
Transfer (drums/bulk)
unserviceable equipment
Decontaminated metals for recycling
Soils, sediments, rubble etc.
Decontaminated soil, rubble
PCB oils
contaminatedwood, paper,
clothing, cables etc
Release monitoring
POPs? YES YES
No
Air, liquid & solid waste treatment technologies
Release to air, water, landfill
Destruction technologies
Incineration/ co-incineration
Other oxidising process
Chemical reduction process
Other
Release to hazardous waste site
PCB equipment
maintenanceUnserviceable?
Maintenance, refilling etc
Release monitoring
If ‘extraction’ and destruction on same site, transfer may be
direct, otherwise drummed & shipped according to Basel
requirements
Servicing wastes
contaminated mineral oils+ solvents
Thank You
David PiperTask Manager (POPs enabling activities)UNEP [email protected]
Waste minimisation,IPPC, BAT
Production
Hazardous
Separated Waste
Re-use & recycling
Treatment
Special landfill
Incineration
Governments +
Inert Storage
Landfill
Municipalities & contractors
Industry
Industrial waste systems
Waste Sorting
Source separation
Mixed collection
Delivery
Home composting
Separate collection
Composting
Re-use & recycling
TreatmentLandfill
Incineration
Compaction, transfer
Returns to industry
Municipalities & contractorsGovernments +
Individuals
Municipal solid waste systems