David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

Carbon Capture and SequestrationCarbon Capture and SequestrationAnalysis of OptionsAnalysis of Options

WESTCARBWESTCARBAnnual MeetingAnnual MeetingOctober 28, 2004October 28, 2004

David ChengDavid ChengMITMIT

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

Our Role in WESTCARBOur Role in WESTCARB

• Help integrate dataHelp integrate data Store data on consistent basisStore data on consistent basis Easily display data in various combinationsEasily display data in various combinations Perform queries and simple manipulationsPerform queries and simple manipulations

• Perform analysesPerform analyses e.g., Cost estimation, source/sink matchinge.g., Cost estimation, source/sink matching Initial screening to help identify potential Initial screening to help identify potential

projectsprojects

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

COCO22 Sequestration: Overview Sequestration: Overview

Capture Transport Storage

Source: Economic Evaluation of CO2 Storage and Sink Enhancement OptionsEconomic Evaluation of CO2 Storage and Sink Enhancement Options (TVA Report to DOE) (TVA Report to DOE)

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

GIS Models for Geological GIS Models for Geological Carbon SequestrationCarbon Sequestration

• COCO22 Capture Cost Model Capture Cost Model Provided by SFA PacificProvided by SFA Pacific

• COCO22 Storage Capacity Model Storage Capacity Model

• COCO2 2 Injectivity and Injection Cost ModelInjectivity and Injection Cost Model

• COCO22 Transportation Cost Model Transportation Cost Model

• Source-Reservoir Matching ModelSource-Reservoir Matching Model

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

COCO22 Storage Capacity Model Storage Capacity Model

• Aquifer reservoirAquifer reservoir

Q = storage capacity of entire aquifer (MtCOQ = storage capacity of entire aquifer (MtCO22)) V V = total volume of entire aquifer (km= total volume of entire aquifer (km33)) p = reservoir porosity (%)p = reservoir porosity (%) e = storage efficiency (%)e = storage efficiency (%) ppCO2CO2 = CO = CO22 density (kg/m density (kg/m33))

• Required Reservoir Data:Required Reservoir Data: Geographical Extent and Thickness Geographical Extent and Thickness Reservoir PorosityReservoir Porosity Reservoir Pressure and Temperature (may be estimated from Reservoir Pressure and Temperature (may be estimated from

depth)depth)

2COepVQ

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

COCO22 Injectivity Model Injectivity Model

User Controlled Inputs:CO2 flow rateDownhole injection pressure

Reservoir Characteristics:DepthThicknessPermeabilityPressureTemperature

Intermediate Calculations:CO2 viscosityCO2 mobilityCO2 injectivity rate per well

Final Output:

# of injection wells

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

Injection Cost EstimationInjection Cost Estimation

Capital Cost:Site screeningWell drillingInjection equipment

O&M Cost:Normal daily expenseSurface maintenanceSubsurface maintenanceConsumables

# of wells Capital Charge Rate

Annual CO2 injection cost

CO2 flow rate CO2 injection cost

$ /ton

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

COCO22 Transportation Cost Model Transportation Cost Model

• Pipeline DiameterPipeline Diameter D = D = f f (CO(CO22 flow rate) flow rate)

• Lowest-Cost Pipeline Route SelectionLowest-Cost Pipeline Route Selection Existing right-of-wayExisting right-of-way Land use and land coverLand use and land cover River crossingRiver crossing Railroad/road crossingRailroad/road crossing Population densityPopulation density SlopeSlope

• Pipeline Construction and O&M CostPipeline Construction and O&M Cost

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

Lowest-Cost Pipeline Route Lowest-Cost Pipeline Route SelectionSelection

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

Source-Reservoir MatchingSource-Reservoir Matching

• One-to-one matchingOne-to-one matching For a given COFor a given CO22 source, identify CO source, identify CO22 reservoir(s) that reservoir(s) that

minimize the total transport and injection cost under the minimize the total transport and injection cost under the capacity constraintcapacity constraint

• Many (sources) to one (reservoir) matchingMany (sources) to one (reservoir) matching Sharing pipelineSharing pipeline Minimize the total cost of the sub-system under the Minimize the total cost of the sub-system under the

capacity constraintcapacity constraint

• Many-to-many matchingMany-to-many matching System analysis that considers capture, transport, and System analysis that considers capture, transport, and

storage costs subject to capacity constraintsstorage costs subject to capacity constraints

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

Example: Many-to-One MatchingExample: Many-to-One Matching

David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT

Some Key Outstanding IssuesSome Key Outstanding Issues

• Missing data (e.g., permeability)Missing data (e.g., permeability)

• Reservoir capacity calculation methodology Reservoir capacity calculation methodology not well defined. We basically calculate not well defined. We basically calculate “available pore space” and apply an “available pore space” and apply an empirical “storage efficiency factor”empirical “storage efficiency factor”

• Little data exists on seal characteristics of Little data exists on seal characteristics of reservoirreservoir