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Clean Air Act Regulation, Technologies, and Costs

NARUC/BPC/NESCAUM Power Sector Environmental Regulations

WorkshopDavid C. Foerter

Executive DirectorInstitute of Clean Air Companies

(ICAC)

October 22, 2010

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Institute of Clean Air Companies

ICAC - national association established in 1960 for air pollution control manufacturers and service providers 100 leading companies Emissions control and measurement technologies for

electric power and industrial sectors OEMs, design and engineering, component and

reagent suppliers Technology innovators for air pollution controls for

over 50 years Cleaning the air we breathe

How did we get here? Responded to health science but missed trends

PM – led to ESP, FF, mechanical collector, add PM control upgrades for PM2.5

SO2 – 1st generation scrubbers, wet/dry system and reagent innovations

NOx – led to burner upgrades, SCR, SNCR, and SNCR/SCR hybrids

Mercury – optimized SCR/FGD, ACI and sorbents Other HAPs – more scrubbers and injection of sodium

bicarbonate, trona, lime Condensables – polishing controls

The search for cleaner units is limited within existing fleet and hampered by lack of turnover to cleaner fleet

What’s next? 1-hour NO2 NAAQS

effective April 12, 2010 1-hour SO2 NAAQS

first-time 1-hour SO2 standard How big is your SO2 footprint? attainment as early as 2017?

PM NAAQS by July 2011 attainment as early as 2018? More NOx and or SO2 controls? Direct PM controls?

Secondary NOx/SOx standards ecological effects

Don’t ignore the trends

Still to come

Coal Combustion Residue (CCR) Regulation GHG/CO2 “Tailoring” Rule

GHG BACT Permits Fate of older uncontrolled and/or smaller

units?

The Transport Rule

Once final, CATR will eclipse CAIR CATR I is measured response to 1997 Ozone and

1997/2006 PM2.5 standards Extra push for reductions of SO2 and NOx

Affects 240 GW of total 309 GW of coal capacity 14 GW new FGD 1-2 GW new SCR/SNCR Compare to 80 GW FGD/SCR installed 2005-2010 and 90

GW of SCR/SNCR 2000-2005 Soon new Ozone NAAQS and CATR II; attainment

dates as early as 2017?

Utility MACT

What will the ICR data show? Have taken major step introducing technologies with

states Hg control and measurement programs HCl removal dominating technology discussion and

innovations; HF and dioxin not far behind Likely need for combinations of PM upgrades, dry

and wet systems and sorbents Lessons learned from HAP control on Industrial

boilers Wet scrubbers a possibility but unlikely for

unscrubbed units

Exceptional Power Plants

Exceptionally broad range of available and economically reasonable control technologies

Exceptional bang for the buck Every dollar spent on control has a return of as much as 40

dollars in avoided health costs (premature mortality) Every dollar spent is also plowed back into the U.S.

economy as good and green jobs Once requirements in place, power industry is

exceptional in its timely compliance

Technology Costs and Availability Tremendous experience with capital and labor

intensive technology installations and meeting compliance deadlines

Ever broadening range of available technologies with lower capital cost and installation requirements

Once requirements in place, industries, including power sector, are extremely efficient in installing chosen control equipment

End users have utilized cost reducing and implementation efficiency strategies including continuous planning, applying design templates and aggregating resources for efficient deployment

Its been an interesting ride so far

Cumulative SCR and FGD Installations by Year

05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Year

Cap

acity

(MW

)

SCR FGD(wet/dry)

CAIR Phase I

NOx SIP Call

An uncanny ability to see both where you’ve been and where you are going

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Questions / Contact

Institute of Clean Air Companies

air pollution control and measurement technologies for stationary sources

Cleaning the air we breathewww.icac.com

1220 N. Fillmore St., #410Arlington, VA 22201

(703) 812-4811