david bohnett sc40
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Spectrum Center 40th Anniversary LectureThe University of Michigan
This Moment in the LGBT Movement
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What are we trying to achieve?
How are we doing?
Where do we find ourselves now?
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What are we trying to
achieve?
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Source: Williams Institute, MAP
American adults are LGB (3.5%)
Nearly
LGBT parents are raising about
8 millionAbout
are trans (0.3%) 700,000
2 million kids
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Women Men
24%
15%
27%
19%
13% 13% LGBHeterosexual
Source: The Williams Institute, 2009 from National Survey of Family of Growth; adults 18-44; National Transgender Discrimination Survey, 2011; 2010 Census Bureau Data
LGBT People Are More Likely to be Poor
Trans Americans
AmericanAdults
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LGBT People are Racially/Ethnically Diverse
Same-Sex Couples
Latino/a Black Asian Other/ Multi-Racial
11%
9%
2% 2%
5% 5%
2%
11%
9%
7%
4%
1%
Same-SexTransgenderHeterosexual
Source: The Williams Institute, 2010; National Transgender Discrimination Survey, 2011. 6
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LGBT
Americans
live in
everyone’s
neighborhood
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LGBT Americans live in diverse communities
African American same-sex couples(per 1,000 households)
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Latino/a same-sex couples (per 1,000 households)
LGBT Americans live in diverse communities
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LGBT Americans seek equal opportunity to
participate fully in American life
What does this mean?
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Pursue health & happiness
LGBT Americans want the same chance as everyone else to:
• Free from stigma and discrimination
• Equal access to health insurance benefits
• Access to competent and welcoming health care providers
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Earn a living
LGBT Americans want the same chance as everyone else to:
• Protection from being unfairly fired
• Access to the same benefits and tax credits
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Serve their country
LGBT Americans want the same chance as everyone else to:
• Military service
• Public service, including running for public office or volunteering
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Be safe in their communities
LGBT Americans want the same chance as everyone else to:
• Protection from hate crimes
• Welcoming and affirming schools
• Safe places to worship
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Take care of the ones they love
LGBT Americans want the same chance as everyone else to:
• Marry the person they love
• Secure legal ties between parents and children
• Take leave to care for a sick partner or spouse
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Pursue health & happiness
Earn a living
Serve their country
Be safe in their communities
Take care of the ones they love
In sum, we aim for equal opportunity in American life
LGBT Americans want the same chance as everyone else to:
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Securing equality requires work on three fronts:
Change the Culture Change the Laws Change the Lived Experience 17
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How are we
doing?
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Major federal successes in past two years
Federal hate crimes law
DADT repeal
Major administrative successes o DOJ: heightened scrutiny; won’t defend DOMAo Hospital visitationo FMLA includes children of domestic partnerso Census to report same-sex married coupleso Repeal of the HIV-ban on immigrationo Passport gender marker policyo Clarification of schools’ responsibility on bullying
Major judicial successeso Federal court finds marriage ban unconstitutionalo Federal court finds DADT unconstitutional
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Federal challenges remain
• DOMA
o House defense of law
o Federal legislation to repeal is stalled
• Federal legislation being considered: o Domestic partner benefits for federal employees
o Removing extra taxation on benefits
o Access to COBRA, FMLA
o HIV/AIDS funding
o Addressing immigration challenges
o Safe schools
o Nondiscrimination in adoption and foster care20
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Major state successes in past two years
Marriage in DC, IA, NH, NY & VT
Civil unions/DPs in DE, HI, IL, NV, RI & WA
Anti-bullying laws in AR, IL, NC, NH, NJ & NY
Non-Discrimination laws in CT, HI & NV
Supportive parenting laws in DC, NM & WA
Defeat of bans on LGBT parenting in AR & FL
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State-level challenges remain
• Marriage/relationship recognition efforts stalled in MD
• Marriage amendments passed in IN, MN & NC; pushed in IA & WY; ballot measures in MN & NC
• Non-discrimination legislation didn’t advance in UT
• Politicized judicial retention election in IA
• TN legislation banned local non-discrimination ordinances
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Sodomy laws (2001)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
17 states with laws
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Sodomy laws (2011)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
0 states with enforceable laws
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Non-discrimination laws (2001)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
1 state with trans-inclusive law
10 states + DC with sexual orientation laws
NV
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Non-discrimination laws (2011)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
15 states + DC with trans-inclusive laws
6 states with sexual orientation laws
NV
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Second-parent adoption (2001)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
5 states + DC
IL
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Second-parent adoption (2011)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CTRI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
19 states + DC
ILNV
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Safe school laws (2001)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CTRI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
1 state with trans-inclusive laws
1 state with sexual orientation laws
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Safe school laws (2011)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CTRI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
16 states + DC with trans-inclusive laws
2 states with sexual orientation laws
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Relationship recognition (2001)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
0 states with marriage
1 state with full rights
2 states with limited recognition 31
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Relationship recognition (2011)
WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CTRI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
6 states + DC with marriage
9 states + DC with full rights
3 states with limited recognition
NV
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Where do we find
ourselves now?
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1. LGBT movement is becoming part of a
broader progressive movement
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Growing ally support across many areas
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2. There is growing political and judicial support
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Growing political support
Gov. Andrew CuomoPresident Barack Obama Gov. Lincoln Chafee
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Judge Joseph TauroJudge Virginia PhillipsJudge Vaughn Walker
Growing judicial support
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3. There is growing bipartisan support
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Unexpected high-profile support for marriage
Dick Cheney Laura Bush & Barbara Bush
Ken Mehlman Cindy McCain & Meghan McCain
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Marriage Civil Unions No Recognition
13%
33%
53%
25%
34%37%
20042010
Growing Republican voter support for marriage
Source: CBS News Poll41
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4. There is growing public support
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Source: Gallup
Increasing moral acceptability of gay & lesbian relations
2001 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 2011
40% 38
44 42
45 44 47 48
49 52
56
53 55
52 54
51 51 49 48
47 43
39
AcceptableWrong
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Source: Gallup2001 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 2008
85% 86 88 89 87 89 89 89
11 11 10 8 11 9 8 8
YesNo
Strong public support for “equal rights in terms of job opportunities”
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Equal access to benefits
Remove taxation on benefits
Equal access to FMLA
Sexual orientation shouldn't matter
62%
63%
70%
78%
Strong support for equal treatment in the workplace
Source: 2010 Out & Equal Workplace Survey45
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Most Wrongly Believe, “A Person Can’t be Fired Just for Being Gay”
Disagree,33%
No opinion,6%
Agree,61%
Source: Harris poll, 200746
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Source: Regression analysis by Nate Silver, fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com, April 2011
• Six national polls since August 2010 show over 50% support: Gallup poll showed 7 point
increase in one year; 54% support up from 47%
• Accelerated support ~4 point gain in each of the
last two years
About double the long-term rate of increase of 1-2 points/year
Majority of Americans now support marriage
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Marriage, 40%
DPs/civil unions, 30%Unsure, 5%
None, 25%
Source: CBS News Poll, Aug 2010
Almost three-quarters (70%) favor some form of relationship recognition
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5. Unprecedented media visibility
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LGBT characters become part of mainstream TV
2001 201150
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Portrayals include youth, gay parents and marriage
GleeBullying and romantic kiss
Degrassi HighFirst trans character
Modern FamilyTwo gay dads
Grey’s AnatomyMarriage
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6. Bullying and suicides spur unprecedented national response
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Today’s youth are coming out at more vulnerable ages
Source: General Social Survey (GSS), 2008; Williams Institute
Age 45-62 today Age 26-44 today Age 18-25 today
25% 31%
57%
63% 53%
43%
12% 16%Never
18+
Before18
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Physically harassed (LGB)
Physically harassed (based on GI/E)
Felt unsafe at school
85%
40%
27%
61%
LGBT youth suffer a hostile school climate …
Source: GLSEN, The 2009 National School Climate Survey.
LGBT high school students self report
Verbally harassed (LGB)
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… contributing to increased risky behavior
Drank before age 13
Currently smoke Have attempted suicide
Sex without a condom
22%
5% 6%
34%35%
17%
25%
59%Non-LGBLGB
Source: WI Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2009
High school students
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LGBT youth suicide deaths drew unprecedented visibility and response
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7. While progress is stalled in some states, local progress is still
possible
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WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
28 states show little progress on LGBT equality
28 states with little or no progress
LGBT Equality
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WA
OR
CA
ID
UT
AZ NM
CO
WY
MT ND
SD
IA
MO
AR
TX
MN
NE
OK
KS
LA
IL IN
WIMI
KY
MS AL
FL
SC
NC
VAWV
OH
PA
NY
NJ
DEMD
VTNH
MA
GA
ME
CT RI
TN
NV
HI
AK
DC
NV
12 states: legislative bans
10 states: constitutional bans
19 states: constitutional “Super DOMA”
41 states have a ban on marriage
Marriage Bans
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Local progress possible where statewide progress stalled…
Florida 1997 Florida 2010
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… even on issues that show little state movement
• New TN law prohibits such local ordinances
• Similar law in CO was found unconstitutional
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In Michigan:
But many cities have non-discrimination protections
Very little state-wide progress
• Huntington Woods
• Kalamazoo
• Lansing
• Saginaw
• Saugatuck & Township
• Traverse City
• Ypsilanti
• Ann Arbor
• Birmingham
• Detroit
• Douglas
• East Lansing
• Ferndale
• Grand Rapids
• Marriage
• Employment Non-Disc
• Housing Non-Disc.
• Joint Adoption
• Second-Parent Adoption
• Stepparent Adoption
• Safe Schools Law
• Hate Crimes Law
• Ability to Change Gender on Birth Certificate 62
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8. Marriage remains a significant battleground
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Perry v. Schwarzenegger
Marriage litigation cases show promising early results
Gill v. Office of Personnel Mgt
Windsor v. United States
Pedersen v. Office of Personnel Mgt
Massachusetts v. HHS Golinski v. OPM
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Significant resources invested in marriage campaigns and litigation
$41 million for “No on 8”
campaign alone
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9. Anti-gay activists are well-resourced but have mixed results
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LGBT groups have $0.6 billion in revenue
Health & Human
Services
Community Centers
Advocacy Issue Advo-cacy
Legal Arts & Cul-ture
Social & Recre-ational
Research & Public Ed-
ucation
Total
$172
$574
$127
$102
$90$35 $20 $16 $13
Source: GuideStar, MAP analysis
More than 550 LGBT nonprofits collectively had $574 million in
revenue in 2009
Revenue$ millions
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Top 10 opponents triple revenue of top 10 LGBT groups
Top 10 LGBT Groups Top 10 Opponents
$94.3
Focus on the Family (C3/C4), $141.1
Alliance Defense Fund, $30.1
Heritage Foundation, $69.2
HRC, $40.5
Lambda Legal, $11.8
Task Force, $9.7
Equality CA, $8.0
GLAAD, $5.0
GLSEN, $4.5
SAGE, $3.9
Empire State Pride, $3.7
GLAD, $3.6
Victory Fund, $3.6
$337.0
American Family Assn, $21.4
Coral Ridge Ministries, $17.3Concerned Women For America (C3/C4), $14.6
American Center For Law & Justice, $12.1Family Research Council (C3/C4), $14.0
Traditional Values Coalition (C3/C4), $9.9Nat’l Org for Marriage (C3/C4), $7.4
Source: MAP analysis of 990 data and annual reports
Revenue,$ millions
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Anti-gay activists can be effective …
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…but their stridency leads to mixed results
“If there is an disbelief surrounding my newfound support for civil marriage equality, it is disbelief from those who surround me. … I soon realized that there I was surrounded by hateful people, propping up a cause … I had begun to question.”
– Louis Marinelli NOM “Summer for Marriage” Organizer
“For me the transition to supporting marriage has not been an easy one… What I witnessed from the opponents… was appalling. Witness after witness demonized homosexuals, vilified the gay community, and described gays and lesbians as pedophiles.”
- James Brochin Maryland State Senator 70
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LGBT advocates offer effective affirmative messages
These and more available at www.lgbtmap.org
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Impact
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• Since 1999, David Bohnett and the David Bohnett Foundation have contributed more than $14 million to LGBT organizations
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Top Priorities
• LGBT Leadership Programs– David Bohnett Leadership Fellows at the Harvard Kennedy School– HRC’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities Program
• Diversity – National Black Justice Coalition– Transgender Law Center– Immigration Equality
• David Bohnett CyberCenters
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David Bohnett CyberCenters
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National Organizations
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So where does that leave us?
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State & local initiatives
Federal administrative initiatives
Safe schools laws
Non-discrimination laws
Litigation
Public education
Engage LGBT community
Engage allies
Opportunities
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LGBT Campus Centers Are a Growing Part of the LGBT Movement
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Opportunities for You to Make a Difference
• Federal legislation: Congress needs to hear from you– Particularly on the Tyler Clementi Higher Education Anti-
Harassment Act
• Get involved– State efforts (Equality Michigan; contact your state representative)– Efforts in your local home communities
• Support LGBT organizations– Volunteer– Donate (only about 4% of LGBT people donate to LGBT causes)
• Reach out– People more likely to support LGBT equality when they have talked
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Questions?
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Spectrum Center 40th Anniversary LectureThe University of Michigan
This Moment in the LGBT Movement
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