dave bloom museum of vertebrate zoology university of california, berkeley georeferencing...
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Dave BloomMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology
University of California, Berkeley
Georeferencing Introduction: Collaboration to Automation
Georeferencing
Collaborations
Automation
Georeferencing
Collaborations
Automation
What is a georeference?
A numerical description of a place that can be mapped.
What is a georeference?
A numerical description of a place that can be mapped.
What is a georeference?
In other words…
ID Species Locality1 Lynx rufus Dawson Rd. N Whitehorse2 Pudu puda cerca de Valdivia3 Canis lupus 20 mi NW Duluth
9 Ursus arctos Bear Flat, Haines Junction
4 Felis concolor Pichi Trafúl5 Lama alpaca near Cuzco6 Panthera leo San Diego Zoo7 Sorex lyelli Lyell Canyon, Yosemite8 Orcinus orca 1 mi W San Juan Island
What we have:Localities we can read
Darwin Core Location Terms
–higherGeography–waterbody, island, islandGroup–continent, country, countryCode, stateProvince, county, municipality
– locality–minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, minimumDepthInMeters, maximumDepthInMeters
What we want:Localities we can map
Darwin Core Georeference Terms
– decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude– geodeticDatum– coordinateUncertaintyInMeters– georeferencedBy, georeferenceProtocol– georeferenceSources – georeferenceVerificationStatus– georeferenceRemarks– coordinatePrecision– pointRadiusSpatialFit– footprintWKT, footprintSRS,
footprintSpatialFit
What is a georeference?
A numerical description of a place that can be mapped.
“Davis, Yolo County, California”
“point method”
Coordinates: 38.5463 -121.7425Horizontal Geodetic Datum: NAD27
Data Quality
• data have the potential to be used in ways unforeseen when collected.
• the value of the data is directly related to the fitness for a variety of uses.
• “as data become more accessible many more uses become apparent.” – Chapman 2005
• the GBIF Best Practices (Chapman and Wieczorek 2006) promote data quality and fitness for use.
What is an acceptable georeference?
A numerical description of a place that can be mapped
and that describes the spatial extent of a locality
and its associated uncertainties.
“Davis, Yolo County, California”
“bounding-box method”
Coordinates: 38.5486 -121.754238.545 -121.7394
Horizontal Geodetic Datum: NAD27
“Davis, Yolo County, California”
“point-radius method”
Coordinates: 38.5468 -121.7469Horizontal Geodetic Datum: NAD27Maximum Uncertainty: 8325 m
What is an ideal georeference?
A numerical description of a place that can be mapped
and that describes the spatial extent of a locality
and its associated uncertaintiesas well as possible.
“Davis, Yolo County, California”
“shape method”
“20 mi E Hayfork, California”
“probability method”
point easy to produce no data quality
bounding-box simple spatial queriesdifficult quality assessment
point-radius easy quality assessmentdifficult spatial queries
shape accurate representationcomplex, uniform
Method Comparison
probability accurate representationcomplex, non-uniform
MaNIS/HerpNET/ORNIS (MHO) Guidelines
http://manisnet.org/GeorefGuide.html
• uses point-radius representation of georeferences
• circle encompasses all sources of uncertainty about the location
• methodology formalizes assumptions, algorithms, and documentation standards that promote reproducible results
• methods are universally applicable
Darwin Core Georeference Terms
– decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude– geodeticDatum– coordinateUncertaintyInMeters– georeferencedBy, georeferenceProtocol– georeferenceSources – georeferenceVerificationStatus– georeferenceRemarks– coordinatePrecision– pointRadiusSpatialFit– footprintWKT, footprintSRS,
footprintSpatialFit
Georeferencing
Collaborations
Automation
Collaborative DistributedDatabases for Vertebrates
Collaborations
MaNIS Localities Georeferenced
n = 326k localities (1.4M specimens)r = 14 localities/hr (point-radius method)
t = 3 yrs (~40 georeferencers)
ORNIS Localities Georeferenced
n = 267k localities (1.4M specimens)r = 30 localities/hr (point-radius method)
t = 2 yrs (~30 georeferencers)
Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~2.5x109 records
Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~6 records per locality*
~14 localities per hour*
* based on the MaNIS Project
~2.5x109 records
Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~6 records per locality*
~14 localities per hour*
~15,500 years
* based on the MaNIS Project
~2.5x109 records
Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~6 records per locality*
~14 (30) localities per hour*
~15,500 (7233) years
* based on the MaNIS (ORNIS) Project
~2.5x109 records
Georeferencing
Collaborations
Automation
Automation
Combining the Best in Georeferencing
GeoLocateGADM
MaNIS Georeferencing Calculator
GADM
Global Administrative Boundaries:
http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate
Georeferencing Calculator: