Dauntless Battalion Cadet Red Book

Widener University Villanova University

West Chester University Penn State Abington & Brandywine Universities

Immaculata University Neuman University Cheyney University

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The Dauntless Battalion Red Book derives its name from the Pennsylvania Military College

Cadet Regulations book which was traditionally red in color.

From the PMC Cadet Regulations:

“These rules and regulations are promulgated

to give to each cadet within the Corps a standard by which he [or she] may be guided.”

The Dauntless Battalion Red Book is derived

for the same purpose: to advise incoming cadets what is expected from their first day on

campus. Also, it provides upperclassmen a reference to which they hold their

subordinates accountable.

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It is the goal of the Dauntless Battalion to train and produce top level cadets to serve as Army officers. This Battalion Smart Book will serve as a helpful reference guide over the next four

years as you work to achieving your goal to become a Second Lieutenant in the United

States Army. Over the next four years you will learn and develop your leadership skills, and take on larger roles in leadership within the Battalion. It is therefore important that you

understand fully the information in the Smart Book, so that you will be able to better train

and lead your fellow cadets.

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Index

Subject Page Number Cadet Creed 6 Soldier’s Creed 7 Military Courtesy 8 Drill and Ceremony 9 Uniforms 13 Grooming Standards 20 Cadet Chain of Command 22 Army and Cadet Rank 26 Cadet Reporting Chain 32 CDT NCO Duties 33 Troop Leading Procedures/MDMP 36 M-16/M4 39 Phonetic Alphabet/numbers 40 Profile Procedures 41 Standards of Conduct/Honor Code 42 Attendance Policy 43 Academic Performance 44 Army Code of Conduct 45 Army Song 46 Dauntless Battalion History 47 Army Flag 49 Army Values 51 Army Motto 52 ROTC Patch 53 Dauntless Patch 54 Notes 55

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Cadet Creed

I am an Army Cadet.

Soon I will take an oath and become an Army Officer

committed to defending the values, which make this

nation great.

HONOR is my touchstone.

I understand MISSION first and PEOPLE always.

I am the PAST: the spirit of those WARRIORS who have

made the final sacrifice.

I am the PRESENT: the scholar and apprentice soldier

enhancing my skills in the science of warfare and the art

of leadership.

But, above all, I am the FUTURE: the future WARRIOR LEADER of the United States Army.

May God give me the compassion and judgment to lead

and the gallantry to WIN.

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Soldier’s Creed

I am an American Soldier.

I am a Warrior and a member of a team. I serve the people of the United States and live the Army Values.

I will always place the mission first.

I will never accept defeat.

I will never quit.

I will never leave a fallen comrade.

I am disciplined, physically and mentally tough, trained and proficient in my warrior tasks and drills. I always

maintain my arms, my equipment and myself.

I am an expert and I am a professional.

I stand ready to deploy, engage, and destroy the enemies of the United States of America in close

combat.

I am a guardian of freedom and the American way of life.

I am an American Soldier.

Warrior Ethos

The four highlighted lines in the center of the Soldier’s Creed represent the Warrior Ethos. The Warrior Ethos is a set of principles by which every Soldier lives. In a broader sense, the Warrior Ethos is a way of life that applies to our personal and professional lives as well. It defines who we are and who we aspire to become.

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MILITARY COURTESY GENERAL

Military courtesy is simply the display of good manners and politeness in dealing with other people. Military courtesy conveys respect from both subordinate and senior to each other.

USE OF “SIR” and “SERGEANT”

All cadre and cadet officers are addressed as “SIR”/”MA’AM”. As a general rule, “Sir”/”Ma’am” is used in speaking either officially or socially to any senior. The word is repeated with each complete statement. “Yes” and “No” should always be accompanied with “Sir”/”Ma’am”. All Noncommissioned (NCO) officers will be addressed as “Sergeant” with the exception of the First Sergeant and Sergeant Major. They will be addressed by their title.

THE SENIOR’S PLACE OF HONOR

Another ancient military custom dictates that you should always walk or sit to the left of your seniors. For centuries men fought with swords, and because most men are right handed, the heaviest fighting occurred on the right. The shield was on the left arm, and the left side became defensive. Men and units who preferred to carry the battle to the enemy, and who were proud of their fighting ability, considered the right of a battle line to a post of honor. Therefore, when an officer walks or sits on your right, he is symbolically filling the post of honor.

ATTENTION

When an officer enters a room occupied by cadets, the room is called to attention. It is not proper, however, for officers to follow this custom at the approach of a senior officer. The question then is how to get officers to attention without the command. Generally, this is accomplished by the individual officers assuming the position of attention when appropriate or one officer announcing the presence of the senior and the other officers then assuming the position of attention. For example, if the classroom were filled only with cadet officers and the PMS entered the room, one of the cadet officers would announce, “Ladies and Gentlemen, the Professor of Military Science.” likewise, when speaking to an officer, soldiers and cadets will stand at attention until instructed otherwise by the officer.

PARADE REST

Like “Attention”, Parade Rest is a form of respect given to NCOs by those junior in rank. When a Senior NCO enters an area of cadets, the room is called to “at ease”. All personnel should immediately go to the position of “stand at-ease” until told to “carry-on”. Likewise, when speaking to an NCO, cadets, will maintain the position of “parade rest” until instructed to “stand at ease”, “at ease”, or “rest”/relax.

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Drill and Ceremony

Position of Attention a. Assume the position of attention on the command FALL IN or the command Squad (platoon), ATTENTION.

b. To assume this position, bring the heels together sharply on line, with the toes pointing out equally, forming an angle of 45 degrees. Rest the weight of the body evenly on the heels and balls of both feet. Keep the legs straight without locking the knees. Hold the body erect with the hips level, chest lifted and arched, and the shoulders square.

c. Keep the head erect and face straight to the front with the chin drawn in so that alignment of the head and neck is vertical.

d. Let the arms hang straight without stiffness. Curl the fingers so that the tips of the thumbs are alongside and touching the first joint of the forefingers. Keep the thumbs straight along the seams of the trouser leg with the first joint of the fingers touching the trousers.

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Parade Rest Parade rest is commanded only from the position of attention. The command for this movement is Parade, REST. On the command of execution REST, move the left foot about 10 inches to the left of the right foot. Keep the legs straight without locking the knees, resting the weight of the body equally on the heels and balls of the feet. Simultaneously, place the hands at the small of the back and centered on the belt. Keep the fingers of both hands extended and joined, interlocking the thumbs so that the palm of the right hand is outward. Keep the head and eyes as in the position of attention. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed. Stand at ease, at ease, and rest may be executed from this position.

Hand Salute

RENDERING THE HAND SALUTE

The salute is a MUTUAL exchange of respect between Soldiers and officers that is initiated by the subordinate Soldier or officer.

When on campus and in uniform, cadets will salute cadre officers, and officers of all services. It is appropriate to accompany the salute with a word of greeting, for example, “Good morning, sir.” Civilian contractors are not saluted.

Below are examples of situations where you would salute:

• When walking outdoors in uniform and you approach a cadre officer in uniform.

• When outdoors in uniform and when the American Flag is being raised or lowered.

• When in uniform, a cadet reporting to an officer in his office, will make his presence at the door known, enter when permission is given, come to attention, salute and state his/her name. Example: “Sir, Cadet Jones reports.” He/she will remain at the position of attention until given “At ease.” Upon

11 completion of his/her business, the cadet will come to attention, salute, execute an about face and leave.

• When an officer a uniformed group outside, the first cadet to recognize the officer will call “Attention” and all cadets will salute and remain at attention until given “At ease”, “Rest”, “Carry on”, another command, or until the officer passes.

• If cadets are performing a work detail, only the person in charge will come to attention and salute. The detail will continue to work.

• When in formation and an officer (to include cadet officer in uniform) approaches, the person in charge calls the formation to attention and salute.

• Never render a salute with an object in your right hand or in your mouth.

Salutes are not rendered in the following areas or cases:

• Indoors, salutes are not exchanged except when reporting to a senior officer. • When actively engaged in sports or in the middle of training. • When operating a vehicle.

The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is Present, ARMS. When wearing headgear with a visor (with or without glasses), on the command of execution ARMS, raise the right hand sharply, fingers and thumb extended and joined, palm facing down, and place the tip of the right forefinger on the rim of the visor slightly to the right of the right eye. The outer edge of the hand is barely canted

downward so that neither the back of the hand nor the palm is clearly visible from the front. The hand and wrist are straight, the elbow inclined slightly forward, and the upper arm horizontal. Facing Movements Facing to the flank is a two-count movement for turning to one side or the other. The command is "Left, face" or "Right, face." The Figure below illustrates "left face." On the command of execution, "Face," slightly raise yourself 90 degrees to the left on your left heel. A slight pressure on the ball of your right foot will help you do this correctly. Keep your right leg straight, but not stiff. On the second count, place your right foot beside your left foot, and resume the position of attention. Hold your arms as you would while at attention as you execute this movement. Right face will be executed in the very same way as left face, simply substituting right for left and left for right.

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Facing to the rear is also a two-count movement and is illustrated in the figure below. The command is "About, face." On the command of execution, "Face," touch the toe of your right foot to the ground about half the length of your foot to the rear and slightly left of the left heel. Rest your weight on the heel of your left foot, and allow your right knee to bend naturally. On the second count, turn 180 degrees to the right on the left heel and on the ball of the right foot, resuming the

position of attention. Hold your arms at attention when executing this movement. Reporting to an Officer or NCO. Outdoors: Double time to the officer you are reporting to, halt three steps from them at attention, salute and say: “Sir or Ma’am, Cadet ________ reporting.” Indoors: Knock three times, enter when told, halt two steps from the desk; come to attention; salute and hold: “Sir or Ma’am, Cadet _______reporting as ordered (or directed), or Sir/Ma’am, Cadet _______ request permission to speak with you.” Drop the salute after it has been returned. Remain at attention until told “At Ease” or other direction. At the completion of the conversation – indoors or out – return to the position of attention, salute and hold until it is returned, drop the salute and depart.

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Uniforms

Cadets wear uniforms on the following occasions:

During military science classes, laboratory periods, and physical fitness training. During military social functions, Ranger Challenge training, and color guard details.

During field training exercises. When appearing before or serving as a member of a board of Officers. Note: Cadets will not wear military uniforms outside of campus unless the event is an ROTC function. Duty Uniform. The ACU/OCP is the primary cadet uniform for training and is classified as a utility uniform. Uniform will be cleaned and not ironed. The only authorized method of removing wrinkles is by roll pressing. Cadets are still obligated to maintain their duty uniforms in a clean serviceable manner that portrays a professional appearance. Blouse/Patrol Cap. The patrol cap will be worn parallel to the marching surface without creases or rolls. Bending of the bill is authorized, but must be moderate and natural.

14 Trousers. Trousers will be tucked or bloused. If bloused, the trousers may not go below the third eyelet.

Physical Fitness Uniform. The Army Physical Fitness Uniform (APFU) is the only authorized uniform for contracted cadets. The APFU is the official uniform for all Dauntless physical fitness activities unless otherwise prescribed by the PMS or SMI.

Components of the APFU:

- Jacket, running, black and gold, with gold Army logo. - Pants, running, black, with gold Army logo. - Trunks, running, black with “Army” in gold. - T-shirt, black, short sleeve, with “Army” in gold. - T-shirt, black, long sleeve, with “Army” in gold. - Approved running shoes. - Socks (white or black – must cover the ankle with no visible

logos) - Fleece cap, black. - Approved gloves

The two main variations of the APFU are classified as “summer” and “winter.” The Senior Military Science Instructor will prescribe the seasonal uniform.

The basic Dauntless BN summer and winter uniform components are listed below. NOTE: Variations of the base uniforms can be introduced due to weather or activities. Uniform changes are disseminated through the cadet chain of command.

15 Base summer uniform:

- Trunks - T-shirt, short sleeve - Running shoes - Socks - Reflective belt

Summer PTs with Reflective Belt

- Base winter uniform: - Trunks (worn under pants) - Pants - T-shirt, long sleeve - Jacket - Fleece cap, black - Running shoes - Socks - Approved gloves - Reflective belt

PT Summer and winter variations Winter PTs with Reflective Belt

Army Service Uniform (Dress uniform). All cadets will be issued a cadet dress uniform. Cadets are expected to maintain these uniforms in a clean, serviceable fashion – always portraying a professional appearance.

Class A (full dress).

- Uniform coats and jackets (male and female). The sleeve length will be one inch below the bottom of the wrist bone.

- Trousers (male) are to be fitted and worn with the lower edge of the waist band at the top of the hipbone, plus or minus ½ inch. The front crease of the trousers will reach the top of the instep and be cut on a diagonal line to reach a point approximately midway between the top of the heel and the top of the standard shoe in the back. The trousers may have a slight break in the front.

- Slacks (female) will be fitted and worn so that the center of the waistband is at the natural waistline. The front crease of the slacks will reach the top of the instep and be cut on a diagonal line to reach a point approximately

16 midway between the top of the heel and the top of the standard shoe in the back. The trousers may have a slight break in the front.

- Knee-length skirts and dresses. Skirt and dress lengths will not be more than one inch above or 2 inches below the crease in the back of the knee.

- Long sleeve shirts. The sleeve length will extend to the center of the wrist bone.

R.O.T.C. Insignia. Insignia will be worn by Advanced Course Cadets on issue or cadet type uniforms.

R.O.T.C. insignia will only be worn in lieu of rank on the ACU by Cadets in the CTLT program. Insignia will be worn on ACUs centered on the lapel of the left collar, parallel to the inside edge of the lapel, the lower edge of the insignia 1 inch above the notch of the lapel. Insignia of rank will be worn IAW AR 670-1, by all other Cadets.

Torch of Knowledge Collar Insignia. This insignia will be worn by Basic Course Cadets on issue or cadet-type uniforms. This insignia is worn by Basic Course cadets centered on both collars parallel to the inside edge of each lapel with the outside edge of the insignia positioned 1 inch above the notch of the lapel. (Class A Uniform/ASU) Females: Centered on lapel, 1 inch from the lower edge of the collar and perpendicular to the floor

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Advanced Course Cadets. Second semester MS IV's may wear branch insignia centered on both lapels, 1 1/4 inches below the ROTC initials, with the insignia bisecting the ROTC initials and parallel to the inside edge of the lapel. IAW AR 670-1. Branch insignia is not authorized on Class B shirts. Basic course cadets do not yet have an affiliated branch.

Class B Uniforms. Class B uniforms may sometimes be prescribed for classes or other program activities.

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Cadet ASU Coat Epaulettes

Rank: will be worn on the epaulet, 5/8” from the seam of shoulder and centered. NCO Rank Chevrons will face the wearer’s neck. Unit Crest: The DUI (Distinctive Unit Insignia) will be worn on the epaulet centered and midway between the edge of the rank and the button. Unit Patches: No Patches are authorized with the ASU except the Combat Service Identification Badge (CSIB). The CSIB will be worn center on the wearer’s right breast pocket of the ASU coat for male Soldiers; female Soldiers wear the CSIB on the right side parallel to the waistline on the ASU coat. Ranger Challenge/Color Guard Tabs: No Ranger Challenge or Color Guard Tabs are authorized with the ASU. Ribbons: Ribbons are worn 1/8 of an inch above and centered (or flush) on the top of the pocket and worn in order of precedence with highest award closest to heart. Subsequent rows will be flush with each other and centered. (Up to four ribbons may accompany each row) NOTE: Cadets who have served previously may wear Army ribbons in lieu of cadet ribbons. However, cadet ribbons may not be mixed with Army ribbons. Marksmanship Badge: Worn 1/8 inch below the top of the left pocket. If combined with another type badge, at least one-inch space must be between badges and all are 1/8 inch below top of pocket.

Special Skill Badges (Airborne/Air Assault): Worn on pocket like marksmanship badge or centered and ¼ inch above the top row of ribbons.

Name Tag: Worn centered on the pocket flap and equally spaced between the top of the pocket and the top of the button.

FOR THE ASU JACKET, FEMALES ARE THE SAME AS MALES EXCEPT:

Insignia Rank Button

5/8”

19 Ribbons: Ribbons are centered on the left side, with the bottom row positioned parallel to the bottom edge of the nameplate. Females may adjust the placement of the ribbons to conform to individual body-shape differences.

Name Tag: Worn 1 to 2 inches above the top button of the coat and centered horizontally on the wearer’s right side. Personnel may adjust the placement of the nameplate to adjust to body configuration.

FOR BOTH MALE AND FEMALE CADETS: The Beret is the authorized headgear for all Cadets. Dauntless branch insignia is worn on the beret flash.

IF AT ANY TIME ANY TIME uniforms become unserviceable due to rips, tears or stains to the point of disrepair, these items must be exchanged with the battalion supply technician.

Washing uniforms. Wash in cold water and mild detergent CONTAINING NO OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS OR BLEACH!

Tumble at low heat, remove immediately from dryer to ensure that wrinkles do not set.

ACUs can be turned inside out and washed in order to prevent the different parts of Velcro from sticking to each other and extending the life of the uniform.

Wearing and carrying bags with the Army uniform:

Any bag carried on the shoulder(s) while in uniform:

- Must be black or match one of the colors of the authorized camouflage patterns when wearing the Army Combat Uniform.

• Soldiers may wear either a black or camouflage pattern bag with the Class B Uniform.

• Bags will not display any commercial logos. • The contents of the bag may not be visible; therefore, see-through

plastic or mesh bags are not authorized.

20 • Soldiers may carry authorized bags by hand, on one shoulder using a

shoulder strap, or over both shoulders using both shoulder straps. Solders may not wear a shoulder bag in such a manner that the strap is draped diagonally across the body, with the bag resting on the hip opposite the shoulder holding the strap.

- If a bag does not meet the requirements provided in the paragraph above, it must comply with the provisions of AR 670-1, paragraph 3-7 and be hand carried. Hand carried bags will be conservative and professional in appearance.

Eyeglasses, sunglasses, and contact lenses

Eyewear is permitted for wear in all uniforms provided they meet the following criteria:

- They are conservative in appearance, and do not contain trendy or have frames with conspicuous initials, designs or other adornments.

- They do not have lenses with extreme trendy colors.

- Lenses must be traditional gray, brown or dark green.

- Lenses cannot so large that they detract from the appearance of the uniform.

- Glasses will not be not be worn on top of the head AT ANY TIME, nor hang from the front of the uniform in any fashion (on pockets, buttons or from neck restraints).

- Contact lenses are authorized for wear provided they are not colored or tinted (unless prescribed by a doctor). It is highly recommended that cadets wear glasses instead of contact lenses while in a field environment due to safety and hygiene issues.

Grooming Standards Grooming. Cadre and cadets are expected to present a professional appearance indicative of a uniformed service. As such, all cadets are expected to be neatly groomed when wearing a uniform or otherwise.

Male haircuts. Male hair will not be excessive or present an unkempt appearance. It will present a tapered look, and when combed, will not fall over the ears or eyebrows nor touch the collar except for the closely cut hair at the back of the neck.

21 Female haircuts and makeup. The bulk or length of the hair will not interfere with the wear of military headgear, and hair should not appear unkempt. The hair length may not extend below the bottom edge of any uniform collar with the exception of the Army Physical Fitness

Uniform in which a single conservative ponytail is authorized. Long hair may meet this standard by being pinned up using natural hair colored or transparent clips or barrettes. Hair may be “packed” but will not interfere with the wear of headgear. Braids must be snug to the head and not fall below the bottom edge of the collar. Females may wear wigs of natural hair color as long as the style and length conform to appearance standards.

Makeup and nail polish will be conservative and compliment the uniform. See AR 670-1 for specific questions about female hair and makeup.

Males will be clean-shaven except for mustaches. If a mustache is worn, it will be neatly trimmed so that no portion covers the upper lip line or extends beyond or below the corner points of where the upper and lower lips join.

Jewelry. Cadets may wear a wristwatch, an identification bracelet, and no more than two rings (the wedding set is considered one ring) of conservative taste while in uniform. A purely religious symbol (i.e. a cross or St. Christopher) may be worn around the neck as long as the medal or chains do not show. Female cadets may wear earrings with the Class A or B uniforms only. Earrings are not authorized with the duty or APFU. Earrings will be gold, silver, diamond, or white pearl, unadorned and spherical. When worn, earrings will fit snugly against the ear and will be worn as a matched pair with only one earring per lobe.

Tattoos and body piercings. Cadets are strongly discouraged from getting tattoos, brands or body piercings. Body piercing is not authorized for males and only earrings for females. All existing tattoos/brands must be reviewed for content and recorded on medical files IAW Policy Memorandum #48.

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Cadet Chain of Command

Cadets learn leadership by following and by example. Then comes the time when they must lead and complete the training cycle, honing their skills by practicing them

in a realistic environment. With progression in rank comes an increase in responsibility, and so some leadership positions change each semester.

Battalion Commander (c/LTC) Commands the battalion of cadets. Assigns missions, tasks, and responsibilities to the staff and subordinate commanders. Conducts Cadet command and staff meetings. Establishes and enforces standards of discipline, appearance, conduct, operations, and training of the Cadet battalion. Directs the accomplishment of training objectives and facilitates communications between cadre and Cadets. Reports to the Professor of Military Science (PMS). Receives mentoring from the PMS.

Battalion Command Sergeant Major (c/CSM) Principal advisor to the Cadet battalion commander on all matters related to training of Cadets of enlisted rank. Supervises the Cadet NCOs to ensure they are thoroughly familiarized with the traditions, customs, courtesies, procedures, equipment, uniforms, and standards of the Army and battalion. Advises the battalion commander and staff on needs, strengths, weaknesses, desires of all Cadets. Directly supervises First Sergeants to ensure tasks are accomplished in accordance with the desires of the battalion commander and guidance of the Senior Military Instructor. Keeps First Sergeants informed about activities, decisions, and subordinates. Supervises the Cadet flag detail. Represents Cadet NCOs at battalion command and staff meetings. Reports to cadre SMI once a week, briefing him/her on all the above, receiving input and counseling, and executing required duties.

Battalion XO (c/MAJ) Supervises and structures the staff. Takes an active role in ensuring all staff officers complete assigned tasks. Reports to the Cadet battalion commander. Advises him/her on all matters related to staff operations. When required, organizes staff briefings for the cadre. Coordinates the following activities/events: leadership labs, leadership development exercises (FTX), military ball, cookouts, awards ceremonies, all cadet formations, battalion changes of command, Veterans Day Ceremony, and commissioning ceremonies. Directs and supervises special projects assigned by the battalion commander. Reports to cadre HHC advisor once a week. Brief cadre HHC advisor on all the above, receiving input and counseling, and executing all assigned duties. S-3 (c/MAJ) Works closely with the Battalion Commander to plan and oversee all training operations. Coordinates with the Cadet Battalion XO to assign specific tasks to all of the staff

23 positions during training events. Responsible for planning, supervising, and evaluating all instruction and training during leadership labs and training exercises, as well as the operation plans and orders required for physical fitness sessions, labs, training exercises, and field trips. Synchronizes information collection throughout the operations process with the rest of the staff. The S-3 also ensures compliance with all battalion training and fitness policies.

Company Commander (c/CPT) Commands a Cadet company. Reports to and receives orders from the Cadet battalion commander. Responsible for everything his/her company does or fails to do. Leads by example and always ensures the chain of command keeps company personnel informed of Cadet activities and plans. Assigns missions, tasks, and priorities to the Platoon Leaders and First Sergeant. Inspects to ensure their accomplishment. Establishes and enforces standards of discipline, conduct, appearance and training of the company. Develops and improves the knowledge, skills and motivation of his/her subordinates. Represents the company at command and staff meetings. Evaluates and counsels Cadets in accordance with the Leadership Assessment Program. Reports to the cadre company TAC once a week, briefing him/her on all of the above, receiving input and counseling, and executing required duties.

Company First Sergeant (c/ISG) Reports to and receives orders and guidance from the company commander. Runs and trains the company. Leads by example. Gets to 30 know his/her subordinates and always ensures they know their chain of command. Keeps company personnel informed of Cadet activities and plans. Enforces standards of training, appearance, conduct and discipline of the company. Supervises and develops the knowledge, skills and motivation of the company personnel of enlisted rank. Provides for maximum assistance to Cadet personnel of enlisted rank during company operations and training. Recognizes and recommends rewards for outstanding performances and Cadet progress. Represents the company at noncommissioned officer meetings. In the field, supervises company movement, resupply, and mess operations. S-1 Personnel officer Principal assistant and advisor to the commander on matters related to Cadet administration of promotions, awards, assignments, and battalion personnel structure. Publishes and distributes: Cadet orders, Cadet assignments, attendance records, Cadet phone book, battalion status report, battalion roster (updated continuously) and mail boxes. At formations, and when otherwise directed, disseminates and collects information necessary for general use. Maintains historical and active files on staff meeting minutes, correspondence, and duty summaries. Notifies commanders and staff of Cadet Command and staff meetings. Maintains accurate roasters of all Cadet training events/ functions for continuity of command. Supervises the Assistant S-1. Reports to cadre XO once a week, briefing him on all the above, receiving input and counseling, and executing required duties. S-2 Intelligence officer Principal assistant and advisor to the Cadet Commander on matters relating to security. Acts as the security manager for the battalion. Responsible for physical, personnel, departmental, and automated data security programs within the battalion. The

24 Dauntless BN S2 is also responsible and acts as the principle cadet recruiting coordinator. S-2 works in conjunction with the PAO to maintain the battalion social media presence. S-4 Supply officer Principal assistant and advisor to the commander on matters related to supply, property accountability and transportation. Supervises the inspection, requisition, draw, issue and turn-in of all supplies used by the battalion. With the Assistant S-4, assists the cadre supply technician to draw, issue (signout) and return supplies, equipment, ammunition and rations. Supervises mess and resupply operations in the field. Operates the battalion supply point in the field. Coordinates with the S-3 to determine specific supplies necessary for training and operations. Requests and coordinates rental of commercial latrines (coordinated through supply technician). Maintains rosters of all equipment needed for FTXs. Maintains historical and active files related to supply and supply accountability. When required, briefs the commander and cadre and the XO on supply status and logistical plans. Supervises the Assistant S-4. Reports to cadre and the XO once a week. Briefs cadre/XO on all the above, receiving input and counseling, and executing assigned duties. PAO The public affairs officer is responsible for telling the battalion story through the effective use of imagery and social media outreach.

Company XO (c/1LT) Second in charge of the Company. Responsible for developing training plan and training meeting slides for the commander. Reports to and receives orders from the Cadet Company Commander. In the absence of the Company Commander, is responsible for everything the company does or fails to do. Leads by example and always ensures the chain of command keeps company personnel informed of Cadet activities and plans. Assists the Platoon Leaders and First Sergeant. Inspects to ensure their accomplishment. Manages tasks for the Company. Enforces standards of discipline, conduct, appearance and training of the company. Develops and improves the knowledge, skills and motivation of his/her subordinates. Represents the company at command and staff meetings. Reports to the cadet company commander.

Platoon Leaders (c/2LT) Primarily responsible for leadership, training, and discipline of cadets assigned to his/her platoon. Leads by example and serves as a role model, coach, and counselor.

Platoon Sergeant (c/SFC) Sets the example at all times, assists in the supervision of the squad leaders, develops a spirit of teamwork in the platoon, submits absentee reports to the company first sergeant, assists the platoon leader in training the platoon, counsels personnel at a squad leader’s request, and assumes control of the platoon in the absence of the platoon leader.

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Squad Leader (c/SSG) Squad leaders are responsible to their platoon leader/sergeant for the appearance, conduct, training, and discipline of their squad. They ensure that each squad member learns and does what is expected and maintains high standards of behavior.

Team Leader (c/SGT or CPL) Team leaders are responsible for the formation, appearance, training, and discipline of their team members. The most senior or capable Team Leader must be ready to assume control of the squad in the absence of the squad leader. Team leaders assist their squad leaders as directed.

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Army and Cadet Rank

(Officer Ranks)

Grade Army Rank Senior ROTC Rank

Special

General of the United States Army No Rank Equivalent

0-10

General No Rank Equivalent

0-9

Lieutenant General No Rank Equivalent

0-8

Major General No Rank Equivalent

0-7

Brigadier General No Rank Equivalent

0-6

Colonel

Cadet Colonel

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0-5

Lieutenant Colonel

Cadet Lieutenant Colonel

0-4

Major

Cadet Major

0-3

Captain

Cadet Captain

0-2

First Lieutenant

Cadet First Lieutenant

0-1

Second Lieutenant

Cadet Second Lieutenant

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CW-5

Chief Warrant Officer Five No Rank Equivalent

CW-4

Chief Warrant Officer Four No Rank Equivalent

CW-3

Chief Warrant Officer Three No Rank Equivalent

CW-2

Chief Warrant Officer Two No Rank Equivalent

CW-1

Warrant Officer No Rank Equivalent

29 Enlisted Rank

Grade Army Rank Senior ROTC Rank

E-9

Sergeant Major of the Army No Rank Equivalent

E-9

Command Sergeant Major

Cadet Command Sergeant Major

E-9

Sergeant Major

Cadet Sergeant Major

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E-8

First Sergeant

Cadet First Sergeant

E-8

Master Sergeant

Cadet Master Sergeant

E-7

Sergeant First Class

Cadet Sergeant First Class

E-6

Staff Sergeant

Cadet Staff Sergeant

31

E-5

Sergeant

Cadet Sergeant

E-4

Corporal

Cadet Corporal

E-4

Specialist No Rank Equivalent

E-3

Private First Class

Cadet Private First Class

E-2

Private E-2

Private

E-1 Private No Rank Equivalent

32

Reporting Chain

33 Cadet NCO Duties

What I would want to know if I was this Cadet NCO:

• Do my Platoon Sergeants need information?

• Have my Platoon Sergeants told me if anyone in my company is going to miss a class, lab or PT.

• Have my Platoon Sergeants identified members of my Company that need equipment.

• Have I told my CSM / Company Commander this information?

What I would want to know if I was this Cadet NCO:

• Does my platoon know who I am and how to contact me?

• Do my squad leaders need information? • Have my squad leaders told me if

anyone in my platoon is going to miss a class, lab or PT.

• Have the SL's identified members of my platoon that need equipment.

• Have I told my First Sergeant & Platoon Leader this information?

• Does my First Sergeant or PL need any additional information?

34 What I would want to know if I was this Cadet NCO:

• Does my squad know who I am and how to contact me?

• Does my squad need information? • Is anyone in my squad going to miss a

class, lab or PT.? • Do members of my squad need

equipment? • Have my team leaders told me if anyone

in my squad is going to miss a class, lab or PT?

• Have I told my platoon sergeant all this information? • If I can't find the platoon sergeant I should at least tell

the next higher up.

What I would want to know if I was this Cadet NCO: • Does my team know who I am and how

to contact me? • Does my team need information? • Do members of my team need

equipment? • Have I told my squad leader all this information? • If I can't find the platoon sergeant I should at least tell

the next higher up. If I were these Cadets I would want to know from my Team Leader: • Where am I going? • When do you want me to be there? • What do you want me to do when I get there? • How do you want me to get there?

35 • Explain to me why I am doing this? (Time permitting)

• I would ensure my Team Leader knew if:

o I was not going to be able to execute the above tasks!! (Don't wait until the Team Leader asks.... Force feed them the information.)

36 Troop Leading Procedures/Military Decision-Making

Process

Troop Leading Procedures

1. Receive the Mission. The leader may receive the mission in a warning order, an operation order (OPORD), or a fragmentary order (FRAGO). He immediately begins to analyze it using the factors of METT-T:

What is the MISSION? What is known about the ENEMY? How will TERRAIN and weather affect the operation? What TROOPS are available? How much TIME is available?

(1) The leader should use no more than one third of the available time for his own planning and for issuing his operation order. The remaining two thirds is for subordinates to plan and prepare for the operation. Leaders should also consider other factors such as available daylight and travel time to and from orders and rehearsals. In the offense, the leader has one third of the time from his receipt of the mission to the unit’s LD time. In the defense, he has one third of the time from mission receipt to the time the squad or platoon must be prepared to defend.

37 (2) In scheduling preparation activities, the leader should work backwards from the LD or defend time. This is reverse planning. He must allow enough time for the completion of each task.

2. Issue a warning order. The leader provides initial instructions in a warning order. The warning order contains enough information to begin preparation as soon as possible. Platoon SOPs should prescribe who will attend all warning orders and the actions they must take upon receipt: for example, drawing ammunition, rations and water, and checking communications equipment.

The warning order has no specific format. One technique is to use the five-paragraph OPORD format. The leader issues the warning order with all the information he has available at the time. He provides updates as often as necessary. The leader never waits for information to fill a format.

If available, the following information may be included in a warning order.

The mission or nature of the operation. Who is participating in the operation. Time of the operation. Time and place for issuance of the operation order.

3. Make a tentative plan. The leader develops an estimate of the situation to use as the basis for his tentative plan. The estimate is the military decision-making process. It consists of five steps:

1. Detailed mission analysis 2. Situation analysis and course of action development 3. Analysis of each course of action 4. Comparison of each course of action 5. Decision.

The decision represents the tentative plan. The leader updates the estimate continuously and refines his plan accordingly. He uses this plan as the start point for coordination, reconnaissance, task organization (if required), and movement instructions. He works through this problem-solving sequence in as much detail as time available allows. As the basis of his estimate, the leader considers the factors of METT-T.

4. Start the necessary movement. The platoon may need to begin movement while the leader is still planning or forward reconnoitering. The platoon sergeant or a squad leader may bring the platoon forward, usually under the control of the company executive officer or first sergeant.

This is where your subordinate leaders prepare men, weapons and equipment for the coming mission. It is an excellent time for them to eat, conduct maintenance on weapons/equipment, and gather together anything they are going to need for the upcoming mission.

This step could occur at any time during the troop-leading procedure.

5. Reconnoiter. If time allows, the leader makes a personal reconnaissance to verify his terrain analysis, adjust his plan, confirm the usability of routes, and time any critical movements. When time does not allow, the leader must make a map reconnaissance. The leader must consider the risk inherent in conducting reconnaissance forward of friendly lines. Sometimes the leader must rely on others (for example, scouts) to conduct the reconnaissance if the risk of contact with the enemy is high.

6. Complete the plan. The leader completes his plan based on the reconnaissance and any changes in the situation. He should review his mission, as he received it from his commander, to ensure that his plan meets the requirements of the mission and stays within the framework of the commander’s intent.

7. Issue the complete order. Platoon and squad leaders normally issue oral operations orders.

(1) To aid subordinates in understanding the concept for the mission, leaders should issue the order within sight of the objective or on the defensive terrain. When this is not possible, they should use a terrain model or sketch.

38 (2) Leaders must ensure that subordinates understand the mission, the commander’s intent, the concept of the operation, and their assigned tasks. Leaders may require subordinates to repeat all of part of the order or demonstrate on the model or sketch, their understanding of the operation. They should also quiz their soldiers to ensure that all soldiers understand the mission. Chapter 5 Infantry Platoon Tactical Standing Operating Procedure provides a list of questions that leaders can ask to determine if the soldiers understand the mission.

8. Supervise. The leader supervises the unit’s preparation for combat by conducting rehearsals and inspections.

(1) Rehearsals. The leader uses rehearsals to–

Practice essential tasks (improve performance). Reveal weaknesses or problems in the plan. Coordinate the actions of subordinate elements. Improve soldier understanding of the concept of the operation (foster confidence in soldiers).

(a) Rehearsals include the practice of having squad leaders brief their planned actions in execution sequence to the platoon leader.

(b) The leader should conduct rehearsals on terrain that resembles the actual ground, and in similar light conditions.

(c) The platoon may begin rehearsals of battle drills and other SOP items before the receipt of the operation order. Once the order has been issued, it can rehearse mission specific tasks.

(d) Some important tasks to rehearse include–

Actions on the objective. Assaulting a trench, bunker, or building. Actions at the assault position. Breaching obstacles (mine and wire). Using special weapons or demolitions. Actions on unexpected enemy contact.

(2) Inspections. Squad leaders should conduct initial inspections shortly after receipt of the warning order. The platoon sergeant spot checks throughout the unit’s preparation for combat. The platoon leader and platoon sergeant make a final inspection. They should inspect–

Weapons and ammunition. Uniforms and equipment. Mission-essential equipment. Soldier’s understanding of the mission and their specific responsibilities. Communications. Rations and water. Camouflage. Deficiencies noted during earlier inspections.

39

M-16 Rifle/M4 Carbine

The M-16 is the primary rifle for the U.S. Army.

Primary function: Infantry weapon Manufacturer: Colt Manufacturing and Fabrique Nationale Manufacturing Inc. Length: 39.63 inches (100.66 centimeters) Weight, with 30 round magazine: 8.79 pounds (3.99 kilograms) Bore diameter: 5.56mm (.233 inches) Maximum range :3,600 meters Maximum effective range: Area target: 2,624.8 feet (800 meters) Point target: 1,804.5 feet (550 meters) Muzzle velocity: 2,800 feet (853 meters) per second Rate of fire: Cyclic: 800 rounds per minute Sustained: 12-15 rounds per minute Semiautomatic: 45 rounds per minute Burst: 90 rounds per minute Magazine capacity: 30 rounds Unit Replacement Cost: $586 The four fundamentals of marksmanship are 1. Steady Position 2. Proper Aim (Sight Picture) 3. Breathing 4. Trigger Squeeze SPORTS (Immediate Action when stoppage occurs) S-Slap magazine P-Pull Charging handle O-Observe round R-Release charging handle T-Tap forward assist S-Squeeze

40

Phonetic Alphabet and Numbers

A – Alpha 1 – Wun (one) B – Bravo 2 - Two C – Charlie 3 – Tree (three) D – Delta 4 – Fower (four) E – Echo 5 – Fife (five) F – Foxtrot 6 - Six G – Golf 7 - Seven H – Hotel 8 – Ait (eight) I – India 9 – Niner (nine) J – Juliet K – Kilo L – Lima M – Mike N – November O – Oscar P – Papa Q – Quebec R – Romeo S – Sierra T – Tango U – Uniform V – Victor W – Whiskey X – X-ray Y – Yankee Z - Zulu

41 Profile Procedures

In order to receive a profile and to be excused from physical training or a training event, you must receive a doctor’s note giving your injury and what your limitations are.

(1) After receiving a doctor’s note you will take it to the SMI, who will confirm your profile. (2) You will then notify your squad leader that you are on profile and will not be attending PT or a training event.

Call or email the SMI and inform the SMI of your situation.

(1) You will then get in contact with your squad leader and notify him/her of your situation.

(2) You will go to the doctor’s asap and receive a doctor’s note confirming your situation.

(3) You will then take the doctor’s note to the SMI. If a situation arises and you will need to miss a training event, for reasons other then physical reasons you will:

(1) Notify the SMI of your situation and request for permission to miss a training event.

(a) You will not tell the SMI you will miss a training event, you request permission to miss a training event.

(2) After the SMI gives you permission, you will then notify your squad leader that you will miss the training event.

42

Standards of Conduct Every aspect of a Cadet's behavior should be consistent with the behavior expected of a commissioned officer. Cadets, as all Soldiers, must embody the Army Core Values and Warrior Ethos as stated in the Soldier’s Creed. Above all, Cadets are expected to possess absolute integrity in all their actions. Cases involving a breach of integrity will be investigated and may result in dismissal from the ROTC program. Cadets will demonstrate the highest moral and personal conduct at all times. All Advanced Course Cadets and Scholarship cadets are under contract to the Army to qualify and perform duties as a commissioned officer. Any behavior, such as a violation of the law resulting in arrest by the police, must be promptly reported to the PMS so that required action(s) can be taken. Cadets are required to report such information within 24 hours of the actual event. Cadets who exhibit improper standards of conduct or behavior will be counseled; other disciplinary or administrative actions may be taken if deemed appropriate for the circumstances.

Honor Code

The following is the Honor Code that all Cadets are expected to abide by while at the Buckeye Battalion. As a Cadet, you must sign this Honor Code and must display these values, morals, and standards of discipline: “A Cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do, and will embody the principles of the Army Values, Warrior Ethos, and the Cadet Creed. Description – The purpose of the Honor Code is to foster an environment based upon a personal sense of honesty and integrity which will remain with you throughout your life. Quite simply, the implementation of the Cadet Honor Code means that you will be trusted to do that which is right and must confront those who violate these standards throughout your Cadet career; you will be expected to live by the Honor Code. Lying – Lying is any statement of untruth which is meant to deceive or mislead. Stealing – Anyone who wrongfully takes, obtains, or withholds someone else's property, with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprives another of such property, is guilty of stealing. Cheating – In essence, cheating is taking unfair advantage of another. Cheating violates the competitive sense of "Fair Play." Toleration – Toleration means enduring without complaint. If you know one Cadet has stolen from another Cadet and you fail to report or confront the matter, you may be guilty of toleration.

43 Honor Code Rules of Thumb Does this action attempt to deceive anyone or allow anyone to be deceived? Does this action gain or allow gain of a privilege or advantage to which I or someone

else would not otherwise be entitled? Would I be unsatisfied by the outcome if I were on the receiving end of this action? Honor Code Violations Disrespect towards any Cadre or other Cadets will absolutely not be tolerated Cadets will demonstrate the highest moral and personal conduct at all times Honor Code violations will be taken very seriously ANY violation of the Honor Code will automatically result in probation, appearance

before Review Board, and notification of APMS

Attendance Policy All enrolled cadets are required to attend classes, labs and Physical Readiness Training (PRT) sessions. All cadets are considered to be “enrolled” unless they receive permission from the PMS to be a “participating-only” student. Participating students are those who do not intend to pursue completion of the ROTC program and/or a commission in the United States Army. Participating students include those who take Military Science courses as part of an academic minor, non-US citizens, auditing students, etc. Participating students attend classes only (no PRT, labs, FTXs) and will not receive or wear military uniforms. Enrolled cadets are required to attend military science classes, physical training sessions, leadership laboratories, field training exercises, and other battalion functions, as directed by the PMS. If unable to attend any of the above events, it is the cadet's responsibility to inform their cadet chain of command and instructor in advance, in accordance with established company SOP (Standard operating procedure). All enrolled cadets are required to take at least one record APFT per semester. For non-contracted cadets, absence from any of the mandatory activities will negatively affect their Military Science participation grade. For Contracted and Scholarship Cadets, the following apply: Contracted cadets are allotted two unexcused absences per semester from events labelled as mandatory. After the second unexcused absence, the cadet will have a meeting with their chain of command explaining the infraction, and the consequences of subsequent unexcused absences.

44 Upon the third unexcused absence, the contracted cadet’s Military Science grade will be affected.

Academic Performance Every ROTC Cadet is a student first. The principal reason for attending the university is to gain an education. To this end, the Department of Military Science and Leadership’s number one priority is to help ensure the successful attainment of each Cadet’s academic goals. Scholarship cadets must be enrolled as a full-time student and maintain a semester and cumulative 2.0 GPA and Military Science grade point average of 2.00 or higher to stay off academic suspension. While this is the minimum GPA allowed, Cadets are strongly encouraged to exceed the minimum standards. Cumulative GPA is an important factor used during consideration for such actions as leadership assignments, awards, Distinguished Military Student designation, accessions, commissioning, and selection for active duty. Failure to enroll and complete each semester as a full-time student may require disenrollment for failure to maintain requirements for enrollment in the ROTC program. Therefore, contracted cadets are required to notify the ROTC Administrative Section and their instructor prior to withdrawing from any course during the school term or when changing majors. Students should declare a degree major before their junior year. For contracted cadets, this program must be approved by the Professor of Military Science and Leadership or his designated representative to ensure all required Military Science and professional development courses have been completed. APMSs monitor each Cadet's progress toward attaining their degree; cadets are encouraged to seek counsel and advice of cadre members and other students in preparing their academic schedules and developing their CC Form 104- R. Cadets are requires to inform PMS of any changes made to the CC 104-R form. Cadre are available to counsel cadets concerning schedules, course work, midterm deficiencies, and professional knowledge electives to be taken. All cadets will have their grades checked once each semester at mid-term. This grade check will be conducted by the cadre. If a Cadet is in academic trouble, all efforts will be used to help them overcome their deficiencies. If a non-scholarship cadet is placed on academic probation (fails any course or receives below a 2.0 GPA for the quarter), the Cadet is not allowed to perform in extracurricular activities or events except those mandatory by the department or PMS. Education and learning come first. When placed on academic suspension, scholarship cadets WILL NOT RECEIVE BENFITS AND TUITION WILL NOT BE PAID BY THE ARMY!

45

Code of Conduct

I

I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.

II

I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.

III

If I am captured I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors

from the enemy.

IV If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no

information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed

over me and will back them up in every way.

V When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to

the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.

VI

I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my

God and in the United States of America.

46

The Army Song

March along, sing our song, with the Army of the free

Count the brave, count the true, who have fought to victory

We’re the Army and proud of our name We’re the Army and proudly proclaim

First to fight for the right,

And to build the Nation's might, And The Army Goes Rolling Along

Proud of all we have done, Fighting till the battle's won,

And the Army Goes Rolling Along.

Then it's Hi! Hi! Hey! The Army's on its way.

Count off the cadence loud and strong (TWO! THREE!)

For where e'er we go, You will always know

That The Army Goes Rolling Along.

47

Dauntless Battalion History

The Army ROTC program based at Widener University, which includes cadets from Villanova, West Chester, Cheyney, Neuman, Immaculata Universities and the Pennsylvania State Universities- Brandywine and Abington, complete the Dauntless Battalion. The Dauntless Battalion has a proud and distinguished lineage tracing its

origins to The American Literary, Scientific and Military Institute established in Wilmington, Delaware in 1846. The name was changed to the Delaware Military

Academy in 1859 and the governor ordered the delivery to the institution of "certain public arms" consisting of an outfit of rifles and two six-pound artillery pieces.

During the Civil War, in 1862, the need for more space resulted in the school moving to West Chester, Pennsylvania and being re-named the Pennsylvania Military

Academy. The academy moved to its present site in northeastern Chester, Pennsylvania in 1867 and the cornerstone of its campus headquarters, "Old Main",

was laid the same year. In 1869, the Military Department of the College was accorded Government recognition under Act of Congress by the assignment of an

active duty Army Officer as the Professor of Military Science and Tactics. An additional officer was assigned as the Assistant PMS and the school was furnished

with equipment and supplies for military instruction and training. The Dauntless Battalion at Widener has the distinction of having a military science department

staffed by active duty officers longer than any other private institution in the nation. In 1892, the school was re-named Pennsylvania Military College (PMC) to reflect its

status as a collegiate institution. Following World War II, PMC ended its long tradition of all students being members of the corps of cadets boarded on-campus. The social upheaval created by the Vietnam War had an adverse effect on enrollment at PMC and the corps of cadets was disbanded in 1972. Army ROTC remained on-campus as PMC was re-designated Widener College, later Widener University, and women were admitted. Partnership agreements with West Chester, Cheyney and Villanova Universities were initiated in the early 1980's as part of a major expansion of ROTC

during the Reagan Presidency. A partnership agreement with Neumann College was

48 completed in 1995 and the first cadet enrolled in Fall 1996. Most recently, a

partnership agreement has just been completed (Fall 1998) to bring Army ROTC back to Penn State Delaware County Campus.

Among its distinguished graduates, the Dauntless Battalion includes 2LT Robinett, a Union artillery officer who distinguished himself while commanding a

battery at the battle of Corinth, Mississippi in 1862. In his honor, Battery Robinett, a replica civil war artillery piece, is manned by ROTC cadets at Widener Home Football

games. General (Retired) John Tilelli graduated from PMC in 1963, and is the highest-ranking officer ever commissioned from the Dauntless Battalion.

49

Army Flag

The Army flag is made up in the National colors red, white, and blue, with a yellow fringe. It is the standard size for colors: 4 feet, 4 inches hoist and 5 feet 6 inches fly. It bears 145 streamers (Note: as of 1998 172 streamers) of ribbons representing the campaigns in which the Army has participated since its inception.

The flag is made of white silk, upon which is embroidered in blue, a replica of the official seal of the War Office. Beneath the seal is a broad scarlet scroll bearing the inscription in white letters, "United States Army". Beneath the scroll blue Arabic numerals, is "1775", the year in which the Army was created with the appointment of General George Washington as Commander-in-Chief.

The original War Office seal, constituting the central design of the Army Flag was authorized by the Continental Congress on May 8, l779. The seal is thus described:

"A cannon in front of a drum with two drumsticks; below the cannon three cannon balls. A mortar on a trunion and below the mortar two powder flasks. In the center a Roman breastplate over a jupon (leather jacket). Above the breastplate rises a plain sword with the pommel and guard supporting a Phrygin cap between an esponton (pike) and an organizational color on one side and a musket with a fixed bayonet and the National color on the other side. Above is a rattlesnake holding in its mouth a scroll inscribed, 'This We'll Defend' ".

The cannon balls and powder flasks are of the Revolutionary War type. The Phrygian cap is the traditional symbol of liberty.

The War Office was at first officially known as "A Board of War and Ordnance." The third such Board appointed by Congress was succeeded on February 7, 1781, by a Secretary at War, which position was filled with the appointment of Major General Benjamin Lincoln on October 30 of the same year. Henry Knox was elected Secretary at War by Congress on March 8, 1785. He served through the period of the Articles of Confederation until the office was established as an executive department under the United States Constitution. He thereby became the first Secretary of War.

The Department of War was created by Congress on August 17, 1789, and so remained until it was retitled Department of Army under the Unification Act of July 26, l947. Since the beginning, however, the seal of the War Office has continued to serve the Department of War and Department of the Army.

The campaign streamers are attached below the spearhead of the flagstaff. Each steamer is 2 3/4 inches in width and 4 feet in length. They are designed in the colors of the respective campaign ribbons and are embroidered with the designations of the campaigns and the years in which they took place. The following colors are employed in design of the streamers representing major campaigns:

50

The Army Flag

51

Army Values

As future leaders of the United States Army, you are to live up to the seven Army Values. The Army Values are: L-D-R-S-H-I-P Loyalty: Bears true faith and allegiance to the Constitution, Army, units and soldiers. Duty: Fulfills professional, legal and moral obligations. Respect: Promotes dignity, consideration, fairness and EO. Selfless Service: Places Army Code of Values. Honor: Lives up to the Army Values. Integrity: Exhibits high personal moral standards. Personal Courage: Manifests physical and moral courage.

52

The United States Army Motto

This We’ll Defend This We’ll Defend is the official motto of the United States Army. It refers to the Army’s primary purpose of defending the country as one. It dates back to before the American Revolutionary War. When the War Office was created in 1776 to manage the Continental Army it adopted “This We’ll Defend” as its official motto. Each word is meaningful.

This… Refers to the United States, the U.S. Constitution and liberty.

We’ll…

Refers to the Army as a team – a collective effort.

Defend. Refers to the primary function of the Army as a defender rather than an aggressor.

53

The ROTC Patch

Cadet Command’s shoulder sleeve insignia was authorized 8 April 1986. Its crest was authorized on 22 August 19986. The symbolism of both insignia is identical.

The shield symbolizes the Army mission of national defense and is divided into

quarters representing the four traditional military science courses comprising Senior ROTC curriculum.

The sword signifies courage, gallantry and self-sacrifice intrinsic to the profession of

arms.

The lamp denotes the pursuit of knowledge, higher learning, and the partnership of the Army ROTC with American colleges and universities.

The Greek helmet is symbolic of the ancient civilization concept of the Warrior scholar.

The motto “LEADERSHIP EXCELLENCE” expresses the ultimate responsibility of

Army ROTC in the discharge of its moral responsibility to the nation.

54

The Dauntless Battalion Patch

The Keystone shape represents the state of Pennsylvania and was on the Pennsylvania Military College crest and patch.

Dauntless refers to the “Dauntless Battalion March”, composed by John Phillip Sousa’s for the Cadets of PMC.

The colors red, white and gold represent the PMC colors chosen in 1894 to signify the Artillery, Infantry and Cavalry, respectively.

The horse head from the PMC coat of arms and patch, updated to current design used by Widener.

Crossed sabers are from the PMC coat of arms and represent the cavalry history.

The cannon is in honor of Henry Clay Robinett and “Battery Robinett” that still fires at home football games.

PMC Coat of Arms

PMC Shoulder Sleeve Insignia Dauntless Shoulder Sleeve Insignia

Dauntless ROTC Unit Crest

Widener University Insignia

PMC to Widener ROTC Remembering the past looking to the future

55

NOTES

56

NOTES

57 NOTES

58