Thursday, April 28-Chol Hamoed- Erev Yom Tov- Omer 5 Shacharis- 6:30/7:30/8:30 am Eiruv Tavshilin Mincha- 6:35/7:15 pm Plag HaMincha- 6:50 pm Candle Lighting- 8:00 pm* Sunset- 8:18 pm Friday, April 29- Seventh Day of Pesach- Omer 6 Sunrise- 6:12 am Latest Sh’ma- 9:07/9:43 am Shacharis- 8:00/9:00 am Mincha- 6:35/7:15 pm Plag HaMincha- 6:51 pm Candle Lighting- 8:01 pm* Sunset- 8:19 pm Shabbos, April 30- Eighth Day of Pesach- Omer 7 Sunrise- 6:10 am Latest Sh’ma- 9:06/9:42 am Chumash Shiur- 8:00 am Shacharis- 8:00/9:00 am Yizkor- 9:30/10:30 (approx.) Mincha- 6:00/7:50 pm Shiurim- 6:50 pm Navi Shiur- 7:05 pm Neilas Hachag after Mincha Sunset- 8:20 pm Motzoai Shabbos and Yom Tov- 9:05 pm Allow one hour for repurchase of chometz Kindly Note: The time for Candle Lighting in the calendar is to be regarded where the household commences the observance of Shabbos at the regular hour. In the household where the observance of Shabbos commences earlier, the candles should not be lit before Plag HaMincha.

Friday, April 22- Erev Pesach Shacharis- 6:45/7:30/8:30 am Siyum & Breakfast after each minyan May eat chometz until 10:34 am Burn chometz before 11:55 am Chatzos- 1:16 pm Shabbos, April 23- First Day of Pesach Sunrise- 6:21 am Latest Sh’ma- 9:12/9:48 am Chumash Shiur- 8:15 am Shacharis- 9:15 only Mincha- 2:00/7:45 pm Shiurim- 6:45 pm Navi Shiur- 7:00 pm Sunset- 8:12 pm Candle Lighting after 8:57 pm Sunday, April 24- Second Day of Pesach- Omer 1 Sunrise- 6:19 am Latest Sh’ma- 9:11/9:47 Shacharis- 9:15 am only Mincha- 8:00 pm Sunset- 8:13 pm Motzoai Yom Tov- 8:58 pm Monday, April 25- Chol Hamoed- Omer 2 Shacharis- 6:30/7:30/8:30 am Mincha- 6:00/8:00 pm Maariv- 8:30/9:30 pm Tuesday, April 26- Chol Hamoed- Omer 3 Shacharis- 6:30/7:30/8:30 am Mincha- 6:00/8:00 pm Maariv- 8:30/9:30 pm Wednesday, April 27- Chol Hamoed- Omer 4 Shacharis- 6:30/7:30/8:30 am Mincha- 6:00/8:00 pm Maariv- 8:30/9:30 pm

Message from Rabbi Yacov S. Felder יעקב שלום פעלדערהרב

As we recite the Haggadah at the Seder, we state at the very outset השתא הכא לשנה הבאה בארעא דישראלWhat is the significance in stating השתא הכא that we are presently here? Would it not be sufficient just to state that our wish in the coming year is to be in Eretz Yisroel? Harav Yosef Sholom Elyashiv zt”l reflects on the state of Bnei Yisroel, when we were enslaved in Egypt. Physically, we were forced to do backbreaking labour. Spiritually, we sunk almost to the point of no return, virtually no one in Klal Yisroel dreamed of redemption, and this bitter situation continued for many years as the enslavement intensified. And then suddenly we were redeemed. As the Torah relates, כי בחפזון יצאת מארץ מצרים, we left in haste, before it was too late. Therefore, concludes Harav Elyashiv, at the outset of the Seder we arouse our belief in the ultimate redemption, although we may not be able to envision how it may transpire. It is difficult for us to foresee the גאולה העתידה the future redemption as we endure the present exile. The tragic losses that we have suffered in this long galus, including those of the recent past due to terrorism in Eretz Yisroel and elsewhere, in fact can arouse our belief in the ultimate salvation. השתא הכא presently, we are here. Throughout the generations, many nations have endeavoured to annihilate us on countless occasions, and yet we are here. We defy all odds, statistics and predictions and remain vibrant and relevant, in our communities and in the world at large. Likewise, as unlikely as may think it to be, לשנה הבאה בארעא דישראל, Hashem can bring us all to Eretz Yisroel. However the is one prerequisite. The גמרא in ראש השנה ' מס quotes the Pasuk in Sefer Yirmiyaha, ציון היא דרש אין לה and deduces ה מכלל דבעיא דרישהמכלל דבעיא דריש , that we must ask and daven for ציון. Furthermore, the ברייתא in דרך ארץ' מס teaches, Hashem says to the Jewish people, You caused the destruction of my home (the Bais Hamikdosh) and the exile of my children (Bnei Yisroel). Seek and ask for its peace and I will forgive you- היו שואלים בשלומה ואני מוחל לכם חדא הוא דכתיב שאלו שלום ירושלים ישליו אוהביך Pesach is the first Yom Tov we will be in our new Bais Haknesses. Once again, we express our sincere gratitude to Mrs. Bonny Silver and her family, to Aaron Wagschal, Brian Gottlieb and the entre design committee for turning this dream into a beautiful reality. In the zechus of our efforts on behalf of our מקדש מעט, may we be זוכה to see the building of the Bais Hamikdash, לשנה הבאה בארעא דישראל

ושמח חג כשר

יעקב שלום פעלדערהרב

A Message from the President

Va’yidaber Hashem el Moshe Laimor – B’yom Hachodesh Harishon B’Echad L’Chodesh Takkim Es Hamishkan Ohel Moed. And Hashem spoke to Moshe saying: On the first day of the first month, set up the משכן. Upon entering the Month of Nissan this year, I could not help but relate the Hakomos Hamishkan of the מדבר with our own completion of our מקדש מעט a few short week ago. We learn in the Medrash Tanchuma that Rabi Chiya bar Yosef taught: during the seven days preceding the above-mentioned day, Moshe would assemble and disassemble the משכן twice daily. Rabi Chanina said it was done three times a day. What was the reason behind all this activity? The Nesivos Sholom offers a beautiful explanation. The משכן was meant to bring the שכינה not just onto the building, but also onto each and every member of Klal Yisroel. The משכן, amongst the many things that it paralleled, also paralleled the human being. It was composed of the Kodesh Kedoshim where the Aron was situated; the Kodesh containing the Menorah, the Shulchan and the Mizbeach Hazahav and the Courtyard containing the Mizbeach Hanechoshes. Man too, is comprised of three facets: the mind, the heart and the limbs. Just as the משכן was only complete and able to bring down the Shechinah when it consisted of all three components, so too man needs to sanctify his entirety, thereby rendering himself worthy of Hashem's presence. The process that Moshe went through during the seven-day consecration period of the משכן reveals to man the process that he'll go through during his lifetime endeavor of transforming himself into a vehicle for the שכינה, into a מקדש מעט. The משכן had been erected; it was a place for the שכינה to rest. Yet, it was then taken apart and the שכינה could no longer be present. Throughout our life, there are many times when we've reached the stage that our משכן seems to be built. Certain things seem to be behind us and we're ready to move on to higher aspirations and battles. But then we take a tumble, our משכן seems to come apart and we no longer feel ourselves worthy to carry the שכינה. We must refocus and rebuild and ultimately surpass our previous standing. As a Kehila, we have reason to take pride in our Bais Hakneses, Ohel Avraham, donated by the Silver Family. It was expertly designed by Armand Dadoun and capably guided by our design committee Brian Gottlieb, Stuart Hytman , Ira Marder, Aaron Messinger, Ashley Ross, Ariah Schattner, Jeff Silver, and our past president Aaron Wagschal. I would also like to take this opportunity to personally thank Aaron Wagschal for not only being part of the design team but for his three years serving as president of our shul. Through example over the past three years he has showed me what it means to commit your time and resources to our kehilla. I am grateful and at the same time humbled to learn from such a person. Other than the beauty of the shul is the shared devotion by each of our members to creating the environment worthy of the title mikdash me’at. Ashreinu that we are zoche to have the example and hadracha of The Rav and Rebetzin Felder Shlita to guide us on this path. My bracha as I begin my Presidency is that our full participation in the davening and shiurim that take place within the walls of our Bais Hakneses offer naches ruach to the Ribono Shel Olam and we merit the siyatah d’shmaya to continue building to greater and loftier heights. Y’ehi ratzon shetishre shecihina b’maaseh yedeichem - V’yehi noam Hashem Elokeinu Aleinu. May it be His will that the .will rest upon the toil of your hands and the pleasantness of Hashem should be upon you שכינה חג כשר ושמח

Shimmy Bernstein

Letter from the Sisterhood President

דבס״

A Pesach Message from Sisterhood 5776

Pesach is a time of reminiscence and gatherings. We recall the emunah and courage of the Jewish women in Mitzrayim. With bitachon in Hashem, these women were committed to the growth of the nation at such a perilous time. It was through their strength and conviction that Shifra and Puah, the midwives to the Jewish mothers, maintained their holy task, for they feared the Almighty more than they feared the mortal king. They were descendents of Sara, Rivka, Rachel and Leah who built the Jewish nation. Throughout the millennia Jewish women triumphed in preserving the values and lessons of the Imahos. Central to our lives is family and community. When asking Jews to reflect upon their Pesach experiences, no matter where they live, what age, or level of observance, time and again, they recall positive memories of sharing the seder with family and friends. Images that so often repeat are those of meaningful gatherings spent together with others. The time and effort Jewish women invest in preparing for pesach becomes the mesorah. Sisterhood strives to provide programs that meet interests of our membership. The women of our shul are to be counted among the Nashim Tzidkaniyos. B”H we hosted a variety of events; Succos Tea, shiurim, guest speakers, a video presentation, Friday Night Oneg, paint night and clothing swap, to name a few with more to look forward to including the closing shalosh seudos. Focus on our members continued with: hosting guests for Shabbos and Yom Tov, arranging meals for life events, the Bas Mitzvah programme, delivering welcome packages to new members, bikur cholim, Shavuous flowers, tribute cards, Purim cards, etc. A special thank you to Rebbetzin Raisy Felder for her leadership and guidance. Yasher Koach to all those involved in Sisterhood endeavours - making our shul our community! Thank you to Mrs. Bonnie Silver and family for the renovation of our beautiful makom tefillah. Wishing you all a Chag Kasher v’Sameach, Sheri Kravetsky Tewel

The following are recipes for Pesach. Enjoy!

Pesach zucchini alfredo

This low carb Zucchini Noodle Alfredo is rich and creamy.

Prep Time : 30 min

Cook Time : 10 min

Chill Time : 4 hour Ready Time : 4 hour, 40 min Servings 6 Servings Ingredients

3 medium zucchini

1 tablespoon olive oil 1 tablespoon unsalted butter

1 large clove garlic, finely chopped 1 teaspoon finely grated lemon peel

2 teaspoons potato starch 1 cup low-fat milk

2 ounces (¼ package) Cream Cheese, cut into ½ inch chunks 4 tablespoons grated Romano cheese

4 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese 3 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley

freshly ground pepper to taste Directions

Using a good quality julienne peeler, cut the zucchini into long strands (julienne

cut, as thin as spaghetti).

Place the zucchini julienne in a single layer on top of a double layer of paper towels. Let air dry for 4 hours.

Pour the olive oil into a large non-stick sauté pan over medium heat. Add the zucchini julienne and cook, tossing the strands occasionally with tongs, for about 2

minutes. Set aside. To make the sauce, heat the butter in a deep sauté pan over low-medium heat.

When the butter has melted and looks foamy, add the garlic and lemon peel and cook for about one minute or until the garlic has softened. Whisk in the potato

starch and cook for about one minute. Gradually pour in the milk, whisking the ingredients to keep the sauce smooth. Add salt to taste and cook for 2-3 minutes,

whisking constantly, until the sauce is smooth and thick. Add the cream cheese and Romano cheese and whisk the ingredients until the cheeses are completely

blended into the sauce. Stir in the chopped parsley. Add the sautéed zucchini julienne to the sauce and toss with tongs until well

coated. Serve topped with the grated Parmesan cheese and freshly ground black

pepper to taste.

Flanken potato kugel yield 12 servings

6 large Idaho potatoes 1 onion 4 eggs 1 ½ tsp salt ½ tsp pepper ½ cup oil 1 lb boneless flanken cut into chunks Directions: 1. process with the fine grater- shred potatoes and onion then transfer to a big bowl 2. add eggs salt and pepper – mix until smooth 3. pour oil to make a thin layer on the bottom of 9x13 pan 4. pour half of the potato mixture into the pan 5. layer with flanken and remaining potato mixture Baking options: 1. preheat oven to 425-bake 2 hours uncovered.. or 2. preheat oven to 500-bake ½ hour uncovered then lower oven to 200. Set a pan of water on the rack underneath kugel to keep moist. Cover kugel well and bake overnight 3. Layer potatoes and meat in a slow cooker. Bake on high for 4-5 hours. Reduce to low. Cook several additional hours

Scalloped potatoes recipe

9 to 10 potatoes (yellow fresh), but I use any type.

Cut potatoes really thin.

Sauce: slice 3 onions in rings, fry onions, add 3 tbsps of mayonnaise to onions, add 5 to 6

tbsps of potato starch, mix, gets sticky.

Add 4 cups of water, 3 tbsps of chicken soup mix to onion mix.

Lower flame, until bubbles start forming.

Line potatoes in pan, and then onion mix, a few layers.

Don't put too much sauce on top.

Gently sprinkle paprika on top.

350 degrees for 1 hour and 20 minutes uncovered, until gets brown.

Enjoy!

Brownies

1 cup oil

1 tsp salt

4 eggs

2 cups sugar

3/4 cup potato starch

1/2 cup nuts (optional)

Beat eggs and sugar

Blend in coca, oil, salt gradually

mix in potato starch

Bake 350 degrees 20-25 minutes

Enjoy!

Dear SSCM Members,

Dear SSCM Members,

I hope everyone is having an inspiring and enjoyable year!

Baruch Hashem, this year was filled with familiar and new programming for the youth of the shul. It was an

exciting and successful year with Shabbos morning groups and so much more. This was a result of many

endless hours of work by both teens and adults from our shul.

I would like to express my áåèä úøëä to the following individuals that made the youth programming possible

at Shomrai Shabbos;

Naomi and Zalman Goldman for funding the Jewnior Games.

Naomi & Zalman Goldman for sponsoring the Goldman Family Avos Ubanim Program.

Sam Lightstone and Avraham Grunberg for running the Robotics program.

Janet Stern for helping with the girls’ programs.

Ricky Marder for leading the Nursery group.

Elisheva Rosenblum and Liora Gottlieb for leading the Girls’ grade 1-4 group.

Sarah Marder for leading the Girls’ Grade 5-6 group.

Akiva Goldman and assistant Daniel Dalfen for leading the Boys’ grade 1-3 group.

Arieh Goldman and assistant Yaakov Blau for leading the Boys’ grade 4-6 group.

Avi Chaim Plonka for leading the youth minyan.

Aviva Leibowitz for updating the girls’ youth board every Shabbos and Yom Tov.

Yoni Smogyi for updating the boys’ youth board every Shabbos and Yom Tov.

Special thanks to Rabbi Shraga Pam for running the boys’ learning program on Friday night.

Special thanks to Elli Schochet for running the Avos Ubanim program.

Special thanks to Tzvi Felder for helping out with the youth programs.

Special thanks to Avi Weinberg for helping out every week with the Friday night learning.

Of course none of this would be possible if not for our Rav. Thank you to Rabbi Felder who has always

been and continues to be an integral part of the growth of Shomrai Shabbos.

At this time, I would like to welcome our new youth Directors Mr. and Mrs. Yaacov and Atara Anhang.

Their families have been involved with Shomrai Shabbos for many, many years.

Both Yaacov and Atara have been involved in youth programming and bring their years of experience to our

.We look forward to what this young dynamic couple will contribute and wish them lots of success .קהילה

The most important thank you goes to Hashem, for giving us such a wonderful Makom Torah and Tefillah to

have as our home. A shul where our youth can learn, daven, socialize and grow in a place that they call their

own.

It is my wish that we all have a חג כשר ושמח, filled with good health, lots of ruchnius and fun!

Shimmy Bernstein

Youth Chairman

Letter from the Caterer

Our Best Wishes for a Happy and Kosher Pesach

To All the Families and Members Of

Shomrai Shabbos Congregation. Pesach is a time of Reflection and Joy.

May we all experience that over this Yom Tov!!

Jacobs Catering Kalman Lowenthal Raphael Grossman

Rabbi and Rebetzin Yacov Felder, Mr. and Mrs. Yosi Rubinoff,

Mr. and Mrs. Shimmy Bernstein, Executive Officers and Board of Directors

wish all members of the Shomrai Shabbos-Chevrah Mishnayos Congregation

and their families a

KOSHER AND HAPPY PESACH

ברוכים הבאים

WE WELCOME AND OFFER BEST WISHES TO THE NEW MEMBERS OF OUR SHUL.

New Members:

Mr. & Mrs. Yaacov & Atara Anhang Dr. & Mrs. Irwin & Batsheva Asbell

Mr. & Mrs. Amiel & Ahuva Diamond Mr. & Mrs. Yitzy & Susan Greenwald Mr. & Mrs. Joseph & Shoshana Hiller

Mr. & Mrs. Noam & Jakoubovic Mr. & Dr. Jason & Elah Keyfitz

Mr. & Mrs. Lorne & Carly Pillemer

áåè ìæî

WE EXTEND OUR BEST WISHES OF MAZEL TOV TO:

Mr. & Mrs. Josh Abraham on the Bar Mitzvah of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Aron & Ita Abramson on the birth of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Chaim Axelrod on the birth of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Larry Berk on the engagement of their daughter.

Mr. Nathan Bierbrier on his marriage.

Mr. & Mrs. David Cashman on the birth of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Louis Elzas on the birth of their granddaughter.

Rabbi & Rebbetzin Yacov Felder on the birth of their granddaughter and engagement of their

daughter.

Dr. & Mrs. Yaakov Feldman on the engagement of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Tzvi Frohlinger on the birth of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Emil Galet on the marriage of their granddaughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Shmuel Galet on the marriage of their daughter.

Dr. & Mrs. Colin Geft on the birth of their granddaughter and marriage of their granddaughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Noam Goodman on the Bar Mitzvah of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Zev Goldstein on the birth of their granddaughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Yakov Gottlieb on the birth of their grandson.

Mr. Victor Gottlieb on the birth of his great-grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Green on the birth of their son and daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Zac Grodzinski on the birth of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Steven Grossman on the birth of their daughter.

Dr. & Dr. Stephen Halpern on the birth of their granddaughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Ari Handelsman on the birth of their daughter

Dr. & Mrs. Jack Hakoun on the marriage of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Michael Harari on the marriage of their son.

Mrs. Zippora Harari on the marriage of her grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. Bentzion Heitner on the birth of their granddaughter.

Dr. & Mrs. Stuart Hytman on the birth of their grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. David Jacob on the birth of their daughter and the Bar Mitzvah of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Israel Jacobs on the birth of their daughter.

Mr. Mark Karoly on his engagement.

Mr. & Mrs. Ari Kashton on the Bar Mitzvah of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Dovid Kerzner on the marriage of their daughter.

Chazan & Mrs. Harold Klein on the births of their great-granddaughters.

Mrs. Vera Koppel on the birth of her great-grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. Harry Marder on the marriage of their granddaughter and birth of their great-

grandsons.

Mr. & Mrs. Shlomo Marder on the marriage of their daughter and birth of their grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. Moyshe Marder on the birth of their grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. Avi Marder on the birth of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Benny Meckler on the birth of their grandson and marriage of their son.

Mrs. Rose Meckler on the birth of her great-grandson and marriage of her grandson.

Dr. & Mrs. Baruch Merzel on the Bar Mitzvah of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Gary Orzech on the birth of their grandson.

Mrs. Chaya Leah Piatt on the Bar Mitzvah of her son.

Mr. & Mrs. Shalom Posner on the birth of their son.

Mrs. Pauline Posner on the marriage of her grandson and birth of her great-grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. Chaim Rutman on the birth of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Chanoch Samet on the birth of their granddaughter and grandson.

Mrs. Leah Samet on the birth of her great-granddaughter and great-grandson.

Dr. & Mrs. Yaakov Schwartzben on the birth of their grandson.

Dr. & Mrs. Moishe Schwartzben on the birth of their great-grandson.

Mrs. Lili Silberstein on the marriage of her granddaughter and birth of her great-

granddaughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Jay Spitzer on the marriage of their daughter and birth of their granddaughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Aaron Steinman on the marriage of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Naftali Sternbuch on the birth of their grandson and engagement of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Shimon Vinger on the Bar Mitzvah of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Aryeh Leib Wagschal on the birth of their great-grandson and engagement of their

grandson.

Mr. & Mrs. Aaron Wagschal on the birth of their grandson and engagement of their son.

Dr. & Mrs. Leiby Weiss on the birth of their grandson and marriage of their daughter.

Rabbi Yosef Tuvia Weitman and Family on the marriage of their son.

Mr. & Mrs. Doni Westreich on the birth of their daughter.

Mr. & Mrs. Shmuel Yunger on the birth of their grandson.

Dr. Blanca Zimmerman on the birth of her grandson and marriage of her son.

Mr. & Mrs. Ari Zimmerman on the Bar Mitzvah of their son.

המקום ינחם WE EXPRESS OUR DEEPEST SYMPATHY AND HEARTFELT CONDOLENCES TO:

Mrs. Shoshana Eskin upon the passing of her husband

Dr. & Mrs. Ira Marder upon the passing of her mother

Mr. & Mrs. Jacob Avigdor upon the passing of his mother

Mr. & Mrs. Yitzchak Sheinbein upon the passing of his sister

Mr. & Mrs. Shmuel Moshe Korman upon the passing of her father

Mr. & Mrs. Motti Kopstick upon the passing of his mother

Mr. & Mrs. Moshe Good upon the passing of her mother

Mr. Henry Barkin upon the passing of his sister

Mr. & Mrs. Eli Leibowitz upon the passing of his father

Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Feldman upon the passing of her father

Mr. David Goldberg upon the passing of his father

May our members be comforted among the other mourners of Zion and Jerusalem. EDITOR'S NOTE

To all esteemed members - the omission of any person or errors are TOTALLY UNINTENTIONAL. If you will bring the error to our attention, we will make the appropriate correction in the next Bulletin. All names will be included in the printed version of the next Rosh Hashana bulletin.

SHOMRAI SHABOTH – CHEVRAH MISHNAYOTH CONGREGATION

Colour by Letter

P=purple

B=black

G=green

R=red

Count the Omer

Youth Groups

Shabbos/ First Day of Pesach, April 23rd

Sunday/Second Day of Pesach, April 24th

Friday/Seventh Day of Pesach, April 29th

Shabbos/Eighth Day of Pesach, April 30th

YOUTH GROUPS TIMES LOCATIONS

MOM & TOTS newborn to 3 years-with

Mom no supervision

10am-til the end of

davening (approx 12pm) Womens’ gallery

On the 3rd floor

NURSERY 3-5 years-trained only

10am-til the end of

davening (approx 12pm)

Nursery room

GIRLS grade 1-4

10:15am-11:15am

Room next to the

Nursery

GIRLS grade 5-6

10:15am-11:15am

Next to elevator on

the 3rd floor

BOYS grade 1-3

10:15am-11:45am Study room next to

the

Reiter Bais Hamedrash

BOYS grade 4-6

10:15am-11:15am West Hallway

outside of the social

hall

BOYS Youth Minyan 9:15am-11:15am Youth minyan roomOn

the 3rd floor

Thank you to the COR from allowing SSCM to reprint your information on our bulletin

Kashering for Passover

Any kitchen items, utensils, and appliances that were used for chametz during the year must be

cleaned well in order to make them suitable for Passover use. Since we are taught that chametz is

absorbed into the utensils used during certain cooking processes, many times a thorough surface

cleaning is insufficient. In order to remove this absorbed chametz, the utensil must go through a

cleansing process known as “kashering”.

Not all items can be kashered. An item must be made from a material that will extract absorbed chametz

when it is kashered. Below is a list of materials that can and cannot be kashered.

1. Items made of the following materials can be kashered:

Granite / Marble / Metal / Stone / Wood

2. Items made of the following materials cannot be kashered:

China / Corelle / Corian / Cork / Corningware / Duralex / Earthenware / Enamel Coating / Formica /

Melmac / Nylon / Plastic / Porcelain / Pyrex / Synthetic Rubber / Teflon coating

In addition, items cannot be kashered where there is a concern that they might break or get ruined due to

the kashering process. The rationale is that a person may not kasher an item properly if he fears that he

may break or damage it.

The following are five methods of kashering:

1. Libun gamur

2. Libun kal

3. Hagola

4. Irui roschim

5. Milui v’irui

Each method has a different level of capability in removing absorbed chametz. (Libun gamur has the

greatest capability; Milui v’irui has the lowest) The specific kashering method necessary for each item

will depend on how the chametz was originally absorbed. If an item was used in a cooking process that

absorbs chametz more intensely, a more intense kashering method is necessary, while an item that was

used for a less intense cooking process requires a less intense kashering method. With this being the

case, if a specific item is prescribed a certain kashering method, one may use a more intense process.

Here is an overview of the kashering methods mentioned above:

1. Libun Gamur (complete glowing):

Application – Items used directly on a stove top or grill or in the oven to cook, grill, or bake food

that does not contain liquid.

Examples – baking pan, roasting pan, grill.

Method - The item must be heated, e.g. by a blowtorch, until every part of it becomes red hot. Note:

It is highly recommended that only one with experience use a blowtorch for these purposes.

2. Libun Kal (modified glowing):

Application – This method can be used in place of hagola and as well, can suffice in certain

circumstances when libun is required.

Examples – some types of ovens (see below).

Method - The item must be heated until a piece of paper or straw, touching the other side of it, will

burn. Note: One can test to see if the item reached the necessary heat for libun kal by sprinkling

water onto the item; if the water sizzles, the item has been kashered with libun kal.

3. Hagola (boiling):

Application – Items used directly on a stove top or grill or in the oven to cook food that does

contain liquid.

Examples - pots, stirring utensils, flatware when used on the fire with liquid foods. (Regular flatware

also generally requires hagola.)

Method –

I) Clean the item thoroughly to remove all dirt, labels, glue and tangible rust. Any part of the

item that can’t be accessed to clean properly, e.g. crevices, needs libun kal.

II) The item should not be used for 24 hours (if this wasn’t done, ask your Rabbi).

III) If the pot used for kashering is not a Pesach pot; the minhag is that the pot itself should first

be kashered. This is done as follows:

A. make sure that the pot is clean and do not use it for 24 hours;

B. fill the pot to the brim with water and heat it up to a rolling boil.

IV) Immerse each item, one at a time, in boiling water. If you are kashering several items, make

certain that the water is still boiling before inserting each one.

V) When the water becomes murky, it must be changed.

VI) If the entire item can’t fit into the kashering pot at one time, it may be kashered in sections.

VII) After kashering the item, it should be rinsed off in cold water.

VIII) Once everything has been kashered, the kashering pot itself should be kashered if it will be

used for Pesach. (This can be done right away; no need to wait another 24 hours.)

4. Irui Roschim (pouring hot water):

Application – Items upon which hot chametz was poured.

Examples – sinks, counters.

Method – Clean the item thoroughly (see Hagola Step I above)

- The item should not be used for 24 hours (if this can’t be done, ask your Rabbi).

- Pour boiling water onto every part of the item by using a kettle or a pot of water taken directly

from the stove (see Hagola Step III above concerning the type of pot).

5. Milui V’irui (soaking):

Application – Items used only with cold chametz.

Example – drinking glasses.

Note: If one is able to buy separate glasses for Pesach, this type of kashering should be avoided.

Method – Clean the item thoroughly.

- Immerse the item in water e.g. in a tub or basin or fill the item with water

- Change the water every 24 hours, for a total of 72 hours.

Kashering Notes:

Kashering (with the exception of libun gamur) should be done before the latest time to eat

chametz. If this was not done, ask your Rabbi.

Typically, it is not permitted to kasher a meat item in order to use it for dairy or vice versa.

However, once an item has been kashered for Pesach, it may be designated for either one.

Since kashering can involve boiling hot water, red-hot burners or even a blow torch, safety is

an important concern. It’s best to use protective gloves and tongs while kashering. Children

should be kept away from the area in which you are working.

When in doubt, ask your Rabbi. Although this is an important rule all year round, it’s crucial

when it comes to Pesach when the laws are more complex and more stringent.

These guidelines are for kashering chametz items for Pesach use only. To kasher items all

year round that may have become non-kosher (i.e. meat utensil that absorbed milk), consult

your Rabbi as there may be more leniencies.

Due to the complexities of the kashering process, to the extent that it’s feasible, it’s best to

have separate items for Pesach.

Kashering & Cleaning Guide:

1. Ovens:

a. Self-Cleaning Ovens

- Clean any parts of the oven where the heat of the self-cleaning cycle doesn’t reach -

- mainly edges and sides of the doors and the gasket.

- Run the self-cleaning cycle for at least two hours.

- Don’t put any food during Pesach on the door unless the door is covered.

b. Conventional Ovens

- Use an oven cleaner to thoroughly clean the entire oven, including the racks and doors.

- Turn the oven on to its highest setting for one and a half hours (libun

kal).

- Turn the oven on to broil for one half hour.

- It is preferable to cover the racks with aluminum foil so that no pots or pans touch them

directly.

c. Continuous Cleaning Ovens

- Despite its name, don’t assume that this type of oven is always clean.

- Clean the oven thoroughly. (Caution - check the manual for what type of

cleansers you should use)

- Kasher in the same way as a conventional oven.

d. Microwave Ovens – It is best not to kasher a microwave oven. If it must be used, it

should be kashered as follows:

- Clean the oven thoroughly to remove all dirt and food residue. If any part of the interior

can’t be accessed to clean properly (e.g. crevices), then the microwave cannot be

kashered.

- The oven should not be used for 24 hours.

- Place a container(s) of water in the oven and boil it until the oven fills with thick steam.

- The glass tray should either be changed or be completely covered with a material that is

microwave safe.

- Some people also either cover the 6 walls of the microwave (Caution – do not block any

vents) or completely double wrap any food before heating it.

2. Stove Tops:

a. Electric and Gas

- Clean the entire surface of the stove top and all its parts -- mainly grates, burners,

chrome rings, drip trays and knobs.

- Electric burners – Turn them on to the maximum setting (until they are glowing red hot)

for approximately 10 minutes.

- Chrome rings should be immersed in a pot of boiling water. Alternatively, one can place

a wide pot (with water so as not to burn the pot) on the element while the burners are turned

to maximum heat in order to spread the heat to the chrome rings.

- Gas grates – Kasher them with libun kal by one of the following methods:

i) Placing them in the oven while it is being kashered. (Caution - if the oven is

being kashered by using the self-cleaning cycle, verify that the grates can

withstand the heat).

ii) Moving them around the flame until every part of them has been heated to

libun kal (Caution - use tongs and protective gloves). Alternatively, one can place

a wide pot (with water so as not to burn the pot) on the grate while the burners are

turned to maximum heat in order to spread the heat to the grates.

- Drip trays – Put them in the oven while it’s being kashered.

- Knobs – Kasher them with hagola or cover them (if they could come into contact with

food or steam from pots).

- Surface – Cover the entire surface with heavy aluminum foil or a Pesach blech so that

only the burners are exposed.

- Backsplash – Cover with heavy aluminum foil. (Caution - be careful not to block any

vents).

- Oven hood – Clean thoroughly. The oven hood does not have to be covered unless it is

very low (to the point that the steam from the pot below reaches it, the steam is still yad

soledet bo (113°).

b. Glass-topped Range (including Corning, Halogen, Ceran)

- Burners: Turn them on to their maximum setting (until they are glowing red hot) for

approximately 10 minutes.

- Cover the rest of the surface around and between the burners with material that will not

easily tear (Caution: do not cover the stove with a Pesach blech as it can cause the glass

to crack).

3. Dishwashers:

a. Enamel interior – These types of dishwashers may not be kashered.

b. Metal interior – It may be possible to kasher a dishwasher with stainless steel walls,

however, because of the various issues that are involved, this should only be done after

consulting with, and under the direction of, your Rabbi.

4. Sinks:

a. Stainless Steel Sinks –

- Clean every part thoroughly -- mainly basin, knobs, faucet, drain area. Be sure to clean

the spout on the faucet.

- Pour a strong chemical cleaner down the drain and into any crevices that cannot be

properly cleaned.

- Do not use the sink with hot chametz for 24 hours.

- Dry the sink prior to kashering.

- Kasher with Irui Roschim by pouring boiling hot water on every part of the sink,

including the knobs and faucet. If the pot used for kashering is not a Pesach pot, the

minhag is that the pot itself should first be kashered. (See above Hagola Step III.)

- Some people move a preheated stone or piece of metal around the sink as the water is

being poured.

- It may take a few refills of the kettle or pot to kasher the entire sink.

- Extendable faucets - An alternative way of kashering this part of the sink is to quickly

dip it into the kashering pot (Caution – plastic parts could warp if kept in too long).

- Stoppers, strainers – replace for Pesach. (If necessary, they may be cleaned well and

kashered with boiling water)

- Instant Hot Water Device - Pour boiling hot water over it while letting hot water run

from it.

- Soap Dispenser – Empty it of all the soap, flush out any remaining soap with water and

pour boiling water over the entire dispenser.

- Some people cover the entire area of the sink after kashering it or place an insert in the

sink.

b. Enamel, Porcelain, Corian Sinks –

- Sinks made of these materials cannot be kashered.

- Clean them thoroughly and use a strong chemical cleaner (see stainless steel sinks,

above);

- Place an insert in the sink; or

- Line the walls and bottom of the sink with contact paper or heavy aluminum foil. Then,

place a rack on the bottom and wash dishes in a dishpan placed on top of the rack.

5. Countertops:

a. Materials that can be kashered:

Granite / Marble / Metal / Stainless Steel / Wood

To kasher these counters:

- Clean them thoroughly.

- Do not put anything hot on them for 24 hours.

- Kasher with Irui Roschim by carefully pouring boiling water on entire area from a kettle or

from a pot taken directly from the stove. If the pot used for kashering is not a Pesach pot, the

minhag is that the pot itself should first be kashered. (See above Hagola Step III.)

- Some people cover these types of counters even after kashering them. Alternately, they move

around a preheated stone or hot iron as they pour the hot water.

b. Materials that cannot be kashered:

Corian / Enamel / Formica / Plastic / Porcelain / Surrel

Before using these counters:

- Clean them thoroughly.

- Cover them with a thick waterproof material that won’t rip easily while you are working on

them.

- Some people kasher these counters as outlined above before covering them.

6. Refrigerators and Freezers:

- Clean every surface and all parts thoroughly using a cleanser that will render inedible any tiny

crumbs that may have been missed.

- Some have a custom to cover surfaces that will directly touch food.

7. Cupboards, Drawers and Shelves:

- Clean thoroughly with a cleanser that will render inedible any tiny crumbs that may have been

missed.

- Some have a custom to cover surfaces that will directly touch food.

8. Flatware:

- Requires Hagola (see method above).

9. Tables and Chairs:

- Clean thoroughly. Cover tables with a thick material that won’t tear easily

and through which spills won’t easily penetrate. Covers should be fastened securely.

10. Miscellaneous Items

a) Tablecloths and Dish Towels: Launder with soap and hot water. (Plastic tablecloths cannot be

kashered.)

b) Highchairs: Clean thoroughly and cover tray.

Some pour hot water on the tray before covering it.

c) Rings: Clean thoroughly and pour boiling water on them (Irui Roschim).

d) Candlesticks and Tray: Clean thoroughly and don’t wash in a Kosher for Pesach sink (the same

applies for flower vases that were on the table during the year).

Items that cannot be kashered:

Blech Food Processor Sifter

Bottles with narrow necks George Foreman Grill Toaster / Toaster Oven

Ceramic Grater Warming Drawer

China Hot Plate Wooden Cutting Board

Colander/Strainer/Sieve Mixer

Crockpot Plastic Tablecloths