database ssk3408-chapter04
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Database Application DevelopmentDatabase Application DevelopmentSSK 3408SSK 3408
Chapter 4Chapter 4Forms and ReportsForms and Reports
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Learning ObjectivesExplain the purpose of forms and reports.
Explain the types of forms and reports.Explain the basic human factors involved when
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.Explain the controls to be used on forms.Describe the basic and complex components of
forms.Describe the overall structure of reports.
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Provides a better interface to users when working
with databasesMakes it easy for non technical users to extractdata from the database
Forms
Provides a customizable view that summarizesdata and limits user access as needed
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Important to understand that forms are the primary
contact to the usersTo the user, the Form is the system
The form must be tailored for specific tasks needs
Effective Design of Forms
Designer must determine the needs of the user as usermay not be aware of the capabilities and limitation ofa modern DBMS.
Research into human factors design providesguidelines in creating an effective form.
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Basics human factors elements involves:-
1. User controlThe users should always has control over the system.For example:
Let the users decide the sequence in entering data.
Human Factors Design
User customization such as flexibility in sorting results and data to beincluded in reports.
2. ConsistencyForm layout and button actions are uniform throughout the system.
3. ClarityForms must be well organized, simple and the purpose of the formmust be unambiguous.For example, if a company refers to its employee as Associatesthen use that term instead of Employee.
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4. Aesthetics
Effective use of color and design to provide an attractivework environment to users.
5. Feedback
Human Factors Design ..cont.
auditory responses.
6. ForgivenessRequire user confirmation on major changes and allowusers to undo or correct mistakes.For example, deletion confirmation to provide chances tothe user to undo the deletion.
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Designing applications that run under Windows
requires a solid understanding of the WindowsInterface.To provide standard controls and operations as offered
Interface Standards
by Windows.Windows functionality enables us to provide additionaland powerful features within our application.
Standardization guarantees that frequently usedcommands provide the same action regardless ofsoftware.
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Navigation and ChoicesMouse, IconsKeyboard, Short-cutsMenus
Manipulation
ActivationDrag and DropFeedback
9 Windows Interface Standards
e ec ons rom a sSingleContiguous MultipleDisjoint Multiple
FocusOutline box
Cursor
Progress indicators andstatus gaugesFlashingTool tipsStatus barMessage boxes
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Basic window components:Frame (sizing)Title barControl-menu boxButtons
10 Window Controls
MaximizeMinimizeCloseScroll bar
A window consists of several common components.
Other features or commands can be added as required by the tasks.
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Menus to provide access toprimary functions for each taskType of menu:
Drop-down
11 Windows Menu
Mnemonic characterPop-up (as needed)
Biggest different between a pop-up and standard, fixed menu isthat a pop-up menu is usuallycontext sensitive (customizedfunctions depending on theselected object)
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Message BoxesTitleMessageSimple buttonsIcons
12 Message Box
A message box is generally used to interrupt a taskand provides important messages.
A message box can also be a modal form whichforces a user to provide a response
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Biggest drawback to the Windows design standard
is accessibilityGraphical approach is inappropriate for physicallychallenged users
User Interface Accessibility
Certain users require special add-on software tonavigate a computer screen
E.g. Screen narration/reader software for the blind
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1. Provide multiple inputmethods
KeyboardMouse
Some Suggestions:Beware of high contrastcolors (Red/Green).Avoid requiring rapid user
14 Accessibility Guidelines
o ce
2. Provide multiple outputmethods
VisualSoundColor
Avoid rapid flashing on thescreen.Give users customizationoptions.
VolumeColorTypefaces & Fonts
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There are many different ways to design forms
and suit them to user tasks.Each form contains controls that can be used toperform actions or interact with the forms
15 Form Layout
Types of FormsTabular
Single Row
Sub-forms (one-to-many)
Switchboard
Controls
Form
Order
11 Dog 57 Dog 1
13 Cat 2
Items
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Works best to display the entire contents of 1 table
Designer can control data entry sequence.Probably include buttons for sorting.
16 Tabular Form
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Data for only one row.
Similar in appearance topaper forms.Can use color, graphics, and
17 Single Row (Columnar) Form
uthe form easier to use.Records can be browsedusing navigation buttonsCan be used with sub formsto show related data fromother tables
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Typically a one-to-many relationship.Sub-form contents are linked to the main form through acommon column (not displayed on the sub-form.)Can have multiple sub-forms (Independent or Nested).
18 Sub-Form
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Sale
An alternative to using sub-forms A command control is used to display a child form based on
key data of the parent form Prevents accidental modification deletion of data
Multiple Forms
CustomerFirstName: MaryLastName: JonesAddress: 123 Oaxaca Ave.
Animals Purchased
Merchandise
EditFirstName: Mary
LastName: Jones
Address: 123 Oaxaca Ave.
City: Los Angeles
ZipCode: 90086
Gender: Female
Age: 20
AccountBalance: $150
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A blank form used
as a menuNormally used tochoose task from a
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Switchboard Form
list of availableactions.Can also be used to
identify user orgroups
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Queries are used to automatically look up data.e.g., Customer name, Product description
Queries are used in retrieving and updating
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Queries
.Be very careful when using queries.
Each form should store data in only one table.
For multiple tables, use a sub-form or separateforms.Usually lock the look up data (parent form) so itcannot be changed accidentally.
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Clerk enters a CustomerID.
Stored in the Order table.Query joins Sale and Customer.
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Query Form Example
.Matching name is displayed on the form.Does not display the join column (CustomerID) fromthe look up table (Customer).
Customer Order1234SaleID
17CustomerID7/25/01Date
Carly Embry
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Customer Order1234SaleID
17CustomerID7/25/01Date
Carly Embry
Form Query: Underlying Tables
SaleID CustomerID Sdate1232 23 7/24/011233 74 7/24/011234 17 7/25/01
CustomerID First Last15 Connie Fisher16 Rosie Wade17 Carly Embry
Sale Customer
QueryJoin
Dataentry Data
display
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LabelText Box
Option Group(single response)
Basic Form Controls
Combo Box(click arrow to open)
List Box(always open)
CommandButton
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Complex Form Controls
CommonTabGridCalendar
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Tab
Calendar
augeSliderSpin Box
Additional
PurchaseCreate your own (C++)
Grid
Gauge Slider Spin box
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A form can contain 2 types of
pictures:-Background pictures
Pictures that are use only for
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Employee
Name: Che Zhang
ID: 3354Phone: 222-111-1524
. . .
Pictures
aesthetic purposes
Pictures stored as dataPictures that are bound to a datacolumn and stored in the
database.A picture can be stored in adatabase as an object
Photo:
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A query can be built
to generate data thatcan be represented asa chart.
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Sale 1
Sale 2
Merchandise
Merchandise
Animal
Animal
Charts
Usually restricted tonumeric data
Charts can be
displayed on formsand linked to otherforms to see its raw
data
Sale 3 Merchandise
Animal
Total Sales
Merchandise
Animals
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Avoid relying on formsSet integrity conditions in tabledefinitionsBe sure to set referential integrity(relationships)
Use forms to make it easy to enter
ControlsSecurity rightsData formats
Data entryRound-off
Selectivit
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Data Integrity
quality dataCombo/list boxesMenusPop-up formsTies to related formsData transfer across formsComputationsError checking & trapping
VisibleEnabled & LockedExample: no productionchange after item is sold.
User assistanceTool tipsStatus barMenuHelp--context sensitive
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Reports are used to present data and
summarized dataUnlike forms reports do not have controls tocollect data or manipulate data at runtime
Reports
an manipu ate ata at esign time
Main strengths of reports1. Reports can easily handle multiple pages of output2. Reports can combined both detailed and summarized
data
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Report usage/user needs.Report layout choices.
TabularColumns/SubgroupsCharts/graphs
Security controlsDistribution listUnique numberingConcealed/non-printed dataSecured printers
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Report Design Issues
Paper sizes.Printer constraints.How often is it generated?Events that trigger report?How large is the report?Number of copies?Colors?
Transmission limitsPrint queue controls
Output concernsTypefaces
ReadabilitySizeUser disabilities
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Report Type: Tabular
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Report Type: Label
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Column.
Column with groups.
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Report Types: Group or Subtotal
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Report Header
Page Header
Group Header1
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Report Header
. . .Detail
. . .Group Footer2
Group Footer1Page FooterReport Footer
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Report Header
Title pages that are printed one time for entire report.Page Header
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Report Layout / Common Use
every page.Group Header
Data for a group (e.g., Order) and headings for thedetail section.
DetailInnermost data.
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Group Footer
Subtotals for the group.Page Footer
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Report Layout/Common Use .. cont.
r n e a e o om o every page--page o a s orpage numbers and notes.
Report FooterPrinted one time at the end of the report. Summarynotes, overall totals and graphs for entire data set.
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Summary
Today lesson you have learned how to:
Explain the purpose of forms and reports.Explain the types of forms and reports.Ex lain the basic human factors involved when
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designing forms.Explain the controls to be used on forms.Describe the basic and complex components of forms.
Describe the overall structure of reports.