Database Management Systems

CSE 594

IntroductionSeptember 28, 2000

StaffInstructor: Alon Halevy

Sieg, Room 310, alon@cs.washington.edu Office hours: Thursdays 5pm, email.

TAs: Maya Rodrig Office hours: Thursdays 5pm, or by

appointment.Mailing list: cse594@csWeb page:

http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/594/00au/

Goals of the CoursePurpose:

Principles of building database applications Foundations of database management systems. Issues in building database systems. Have fun: databases are not just bunches of tuples. Not an introduction to the nitty gritty of any

specific commerical system.

Grading

Paper homeworks: 25% Very little regurgitation. Meant to be challenging (I.e., fun).

Two programming projects: 40% Work in pairs. Build a database application Build an XML query processor

Final Exam: 25% (currently scheduled for Dec. 14th).

Intangibles (e.g., participation): 10%

TextbookTwo volume collection, available as a

pair in the bookstore:A First Course on Database Systems:

Ullman & WidomDatabase System Implementation:

Garcia-Molina, Ullman and Widom.A few comments about the books.

Other Useful Texts Database Management Systems: Ramakrishnan and

Gehrke Foundations of Databases (Abiteboul, Hull & Vianu) Parallel and Distributed DBMS (Ozsu and Valduriez) Transaction Processing (Gray and Reuter) Database Systems (Silberschatz, Korth and

Sudarshan) Principles of Transaction Processing (Bernstein and

Newcomer) Readings in Database Systems (Stonebraker and

Hellerstein) Proceedings of SIGMOD, VLDB, PODS conferences.

Prerequisites

Real PrerequisitesOperating systemsData structures and

algorithmsDistributed systemsComplexity theoryMathematical LogicKnowledge

Representation

User interface design

Programming languages

Artificial Intelligence (Search)

Greek, Hebrew, French

Why use a DBMS?Suppose we are building a system to store the

information pertaining to the university. Several questions arise:how do we store the data? (file organization, etc.)how do we query the data? (write programs…)make sure that updates don’t mess things up?Provide different views on the data? (registrar versus

students)how do we deal with crashes?Way too complicated! Go buy a database system!

Why Use a DBMS?

• Large amounts of data (Giga’s, Tera’s) • Data is very structured• Persistent data• Valuable data• Performance requirements• Concurrent access to the data• Restricted access to data

All programs manipulate data, so why use a database?Many data manipulation tasks involve recurringoperations:

Functionality of a DBMSPersistent storage managementTransaction managementResiliency: recovery from crashes.Separation between logical and physical

views of the data. High level query and data manipulation

language. Efficient query processing

Interface with programming languages

Bird’s Eye View ofHow to build a database application

The different components of a database system.

Building an Application with a Database System

Requirements modeling (conceptual, pictures) Decide what entities should be part of the application and

how they should be linked.Schema design and implementation

Decide on a set of tables, attributes. Define the tables in the database system. Populate database (insert tuples).

Write application programs using the DBMS way easier now that the data management is taken care

of.

address name field

Professor

Advises

Takes

Teaches

CourseStudent

name category

quarter

name

ssn

Conceptual Modeling

Relational Terminology

Name Price Category Manufacturer

gizmo $19.99 gadgets GizmoWorks

Power gizmo $29.99 gadgets GizmoWorks

SingleTouch $149.99 photography Canon

MultiTouch $203.99 household Hitachituples

Attribute namesProduct (relation name)

Product(name: string, Price: real, category: enum, Manufacturer: string)

(Arity=4)

Schema Design and ImplementationTable Students

Note: Separation of the logical view from the physical view of the data.

Normalization (theory).

Student Course Quarter

Charles CS 444 Fall, 1997

Dan CS 142 Winter,1998

… … …

Querying a DatabaseFind all the students who have taken CSE444 in

Fall, 1997.S(tructured) Q(uery) L(anguage)

select E.name from Enroll E where E.course=CS444 and E.quarter=“Fall, 1997”

Query processor figures out how to answer the query efficiently.

An acquired taste…Other query languages exist (OO, OR, datalog)

Writing Application CodeUse ODBC/JDBC.Create a connection with a database.Embed SQL in application code.Specify transaction bordersMay need physical tuning of the

database.

Query optimizer

Execution engine

Index/record mgr.

Buffer manager

Storage manager

storage

User/Application

Queryupdate

Query executionplan

Record, indexrequests

Page commands

Read/writepages

Storage ManagementBecomes a hard problem because of the

interaction with the other levels of the DBMS: What are we storing? Efficient indexing, single and multi-

dimensional Exploit “semantic” knowledge

Issue: interaction with the operating system. Should we rely on the OS?

TP and RecoveryFor efficient use of resources, we want

concurrent access to data.Systems sometimes crash.A “real” database guarantees ACIDACID:

Atomicity: all or nothing of a transaction. Consistency: always leave the DB consistent. Isolation: every transaction runs as if it’s the only

one in the system. Durability: if committed, we really mean it.

Do we really want ACID?

ReviewsSh ip p in gO rd ersIn ven toryBooks

m ybooks .com M edia ted S chem a

W e s t

...

F e dE x

W A N

a lt.bo o ks .re v ie w s

In te rne tIn te rne t In te rne t

UP S

E a s t O rde rs C us to me rR e v ie w s

NY Time s

...

M o rga n-K a ufma n

P re ntice -Ha ll

Data Integration

Uniform query capability across autonomous, heterogeneous data sources on LAN, WAN, or Internet

XML: Semi-structured Data

Emerging format for data exchange on the web and between applications.

<db> <book> <title>Complete Guide to DB2</title> <author>Chamberlin</author> </book> <book> <title>Transaction Processing</title> <author>Bernstein</author> <author>Newcomer</author> </book> <publisher> <name>Morgan Kaufman</name> <state>CA</state> </publisher></db>

eXtensible Markup Language:

Database Industry

Relational databases are a great success of theoretical ideas.

Oracle has a market cap of over $200BOther players: IBM, MS, Sybase, InformixTrends:

warehousing and decision support data integration XML, XML, XML.

Course (Rough) OutlineThe basics: (quickly)

The relational model SQL Views, integrity constraints

XMLPhysical representation:

Index structures.

Course Outline (cont)Query execution: (Zack Ives)

Algorithms for joins, selections, projections.

Query OptimizationData Integrationsemi-structured dataTransaction processing and recovery

(Phil Bernstein)

ProjectsGoal: identify and solve a problem in database

systems.(almost) anything goes.Groups of 2-3Groups assembled end of week 2;Proposals, end of week 3.Touch base with me: every two weeks.Example projects on web site.Start Early.