database history 1

8/3/2019 Database History 1

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Database History1Presented by: Asraf (Satu)


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File-Based Systems

An early attempt to computerize the manual filing

system

Before the Database systems evolved, data in software

systems was stored in and represented using flat files.

Flat files are data files that contain records with no

structured relationships.

Files equivalent to tables

A collection of data about a specific subject or a distinct

topic.


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File-Based Systems

Customer_I

D

First_Name Last_Name Email Order_Number

1 Andy Jackson [email protected] 67

2 Ronald Baker [email protected] 45

3 Jack Harrison [email protected] 86

4 Peter Parker [email protected] 32

5 Clark Kent [email protected] 12

Customer File

AttributesRecord


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File-Based Systems

A file based system is a collection of applicationprograms that perform services for the users wishing to

access information.

Each program within a file based system defines and

manages its own data.

Basically, you have Individual files for each type of

information


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File-Based SystemsCheckingCustomer

Application

Checking

Customer Data File

Book List

Application

Book List

Data File

Order

Application

Sales

Data File

In a file-based system, different programs in the same application may

be interacting with different private data files. There is no system

enforcing any standardized control on the organization and structure of

these data files.


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File-Based Systems


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File-Based Systems

Problems of File-based Systems

Data separation and isolation-Though data used by different programs in the application may berelated, they reside in isolated data files.

Data dependence-File structure is defined in the program code.

-Changes to an existing structure are difficult to make

Data duplication-Cost time and money to enter data more than once-Additional storage space is needed - cost

-Inconsistencies of data


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File-Based Systems

Incompatible data (different file formats)

-Programs are written in different languages, and so cannoteasily access each others files.

Fixed Queries/Proliferation of application programs

-Programs are written to satisfy particular functions.

-Any new requirement needs a new program.-handling sudden queries can be difficult, since it requireschanges in the existing programs.


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Database


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Database

A database is an organized body of relatedinformation in a common pool from where , multiple

users could fetch the data. The main purpose of a database system is storing

data, processing and providing easy methods forlookup.

To access information from a database, you need adatabase management system (DBMS). This is acollection of programs that enables you to enter,organize, and select data in a database.


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Database

Checking

Customer

Application

Book List

Application

Order

Application

DBMS

Database

Due to its centralized nature, the database system can overcome thedisadvantages of the file-based system


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Database

Problems of database

Unproductive maintanence

Lack of security


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entity-relationship (ER) diagram

Customer

Customer_ID

First_Name

Last_Name

Email

Order_No

Order

Order_No

Book_ID

Cost

Book List

Book_ID

Genre

Authors

Price


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Database Application Life Cycle


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the continuous process of managing the life of a

database through governance, development and

maintenance


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1. Requirement Analysis

assess the needs of an organization so that an aplication can be

designed to meet those needs.


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2. Logical design

A conceptual model is created based on the needs assessment

performed in stage one.

A conceptual model is typically an entity-relationship (ER) diagramthat shows the tables, fields, and primary keys of the database, andhow tables are related (linked) to one another.

The tables sketched in the ER diagram are then normalized. Thenormalization process resolves any problems associated with thedatabase design, so that data can be accessed quickly and efficiently.

3. Physical Design

maximize database efficiency.Manipulating certain database design elements can speed up the twoslowest operations in an RDBMS: retrieving data from and writingdata to a database.


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4. Implementation During the implementation stage of the DBLC, the tables

developed in the ER diagram (and subsequently

normalized) are converted into SQL statements and fed

into the RDBMS to create a database. By this stage in the

DBLC, the System Administratorhas installed and

configured an RDBMS.


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5. Monitoring, modification, and maintenance

A successfully implemented database must be

carefully monitoredto ensure that its functioning

properly.

Database modification involves adding and deleting

records, importing data from other systems (as needed),and creating additional tables, user views, and other

objects and tools. As an organization grows,

its information system must grow to remain useful.


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Reference

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNFQZzvx1VM&feature=related

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecycle

http://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.html

http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_file_system_and_a_database_management_system

http://www.computingstudents.com/notes/database_systems/database_file_based_systems.php
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNFQZzvx1VM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNFQZzvx1VM&feature=relatedhttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_file_system_and_a_database_management_systemhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_file_system_and_a_database_management_systemhttp://www.computingstudents.com/notes/database_systems/database_file_based_systems.phphttp://www.computingstudents.com/notes/database_systems/database_file_based_systems.phphttp://www.computingstudents.com/notes/database_systems/database_file_based_systems.phphttp://www.computingstudents.com/notes/database_systems/database_file_based_systems.phphttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_file_system_and_a_database_management_systemhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_file_system_and_a_database_management_systemhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_file_system_and_a_database_management_systemhttp://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://brainfry.in/programming/database-basics-relational-database-management-systems/http://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://databasefatin.blogspot.com/2009/03/examples-of-database-applications.htmlhttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://www.docstoc.com/docs/16844998/Database-Application-Lifecyclehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNFQZzvx1VM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNFQZzvx1VM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNFQZzvx1VM&feature=related

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