data storage in sap

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb

Data Storage in SAP R/3

An Introduction

CSU IST 331

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander R. R. Kolb

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Kolb2

The Company SAP

Introduction

What does SAP stand for ?

Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung

Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing

Some Figures

revenues in 2003 : 7.0 billion 79,800 installations more than 23,400 companies run SAP 30,945 SAP employees (June 2004) 12 million users in 120+ countries more than 1,500 partners more than 60,000 students work with SAP software in business

management classes in over 500 institutions globally


The System R/3

Introduction

HumanResources

IndustrySolutions

Accounting

Workflow

Logistics

R/3R/3Client / Server

ABAP/4

SD

MM

PP

QM

PM

HR

FI

CO

AM

PS

WF

IS

Controlling

AssetMgmt

Project-system

Workflow

IndustrySolutionsHuman

Resources

Sales & Distrbution

Productionplaning

QualittsMgmt

Financials

ProductMaint.

Material-Mgmt.


Characteristics of an ERP-System

Introduction

All combined in one

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Suite of integrated corporate wide software applications that drives manufacturing, financial, distribution, human resources, and other business functions in real time.

Important: One integrated system with real time information. If information is not accurate, the system is not reliable.


Hands On 1

(You know the table)


There are (always) several ways to get somewhere

Access to Database Tables Ver. 1 (1/2)

The Way to the Data 1

enter the transaction codeSE16 and press Enter


double click in theEasy Access Menudouble click in theEasy Access Menu

enter a tablename (e.g. MARA) and press Enter

enter a tablename (e.g. MARA) and press Enter


You dont know the table name search for it !

Excursion : The Search Button (1/3)


Press the . search buttonPress the .

search button

Search in theInformation System

Search in theInformation System




SAP (always) gives you a lot of choices

e.g. enter*Material*e.g. enter*Material*

The expressions are case sensitive

The results for *material* are notthe same as for *Material* !!!

The expressions are case sensitive

The results for *material* are notthe same as for *Material* !!!

Keep the max. of hits in mind !Keep the max. of hits in mind !




Well, now it is easy to find or ?




From the Table to the Data

(define a filter and)execute with



Hands On 2

(You know nearly nothing)

Welcome to the club ;-))




From the Entry Field to the Technical Info

place the cursor in theentry field and press F1place the cursor in theentry field and press F1

selectTechnical Information

selectTechnical Information




From the Technical Info to the Table / Structure Components

double-click

double-click

change registerchange register




From the Components to the Table

display content

(or SAP-Menue: Utilities -> Table Contens -> Display)

display content

(or SAP-Menue: Utilities -> Table Contens -> Display)

Ann.: Furtherinteresting displayswith (Object List)

and (Graphic)

Ann.: Furtherinteresting displayswith (Object List)

and (Graphic)

double-click

double-click




From the Table to the Data




The Link between Application and Database

(What Academics love -> some Theory)


Database-Interface


How does it work ?

native SQL Module

native SQL Module

Database specific LayerDatabase specific Layer

Open SQL ModuleOpen SQL Module

Open SQLnative SQL

Relational Database

Database-Interface

Programms of theR/3-System

ABAP DictionaryABAP Dictionary

Business ApplicationsBusiness Applications


ABAP Dictionary (1/2)


Central and redundant free information storage for all application-and systemdata in the R/3-system

Description of the logical structure of e.g.- Tables,- Views,- Dataelements,- Domains,- Structures

and their definition in the structures of the underlying relational database.

Avoidance of redundancy(All components of the runtime environment, e.g. the businessapplications or the database interface, fetch their information aboutthese objects directly from the ABAP Dictionary.)

An active Dictionary that is completely integrated in the ABAP Workbench.

Its a Repository - what is it good for ?


ABAP Dictionary (2/2)


An Overview

- ABAP Programs- Dokumentation- Online Help

Dynpros

Databasetables

Classes

ABAP Dictionary


Data-Elements, Domains, Data-Types


wage-payment

accountno.

month amount

bookings

bookingno.

amount

account

accountno.

balanceTables

+Fields

booking amount[$]

balance[$]

amount with 2 decimals [$]

Data-Element(semantic domain)

Domain(technical domain)

SAP Basis-Data-Typ

Database Basis-Data-Typ

CURR (12 digits, 2 decimals)

DEC

Complex but logical


Data(base)organisation in the R/3-System


real world

SAP-Reference-model

(conceptual level)

ABAP/4Dictionary

(logical level)

RelationalDatabase

(physical level )

Entitytyp 12127Vendor-Invoice-Posting

Database-Tables Tabeble RFBLG(physical table)

View ENT2127Vendor-Invoice-Posting

Table BSEG (clustertable)Accounting DocumentSegment

Accounting

Logistics

HR

Example:

Views

normalised tables


Tabletypes in the R/3-Repository


Transparent Tables

1:1 relation > one logical table matches one database table businessdata

39,047 transparent tables in SAP R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)




Pool-Tables

Several SAP-tables with the same pattern resolve in one databasetable

In the database every tupel has the information to which SAP-tableit belongs

2,022 pool tables in SAP R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)




Cluster-Tabellen

Several tables that belong together logically are stored in onedatabase table (objectwise saving)

prerequisite: datarecords belonging together (tupel of the SAP-tables) can be identified via the same primary key

75 cluster tables in SAP R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)




Internal Tables

Datastructure, that is only available during the runtime of a program

Can be linked to several programs Similar to a view


Hands On 3

(A look to the SAP-Repository)

a bit deep-diving ;-))


First Step into the SAP-Repository


Lets get into IT



double click in theEasy Access Menudouble click in theEasy Access Menu


A Look at the Data Models (1/6)


Chose one out of 26,959 Data Models* !

e.g. enter *order* and execute


* for R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)




Only 125 Data Models containing order

double clickdouble click




Rather boring, but a good starting point

have a look at the graphics

have a look at the graphics

have a look at the hierarchy

have a look at the hierarchy




23 Representations (Entity Types) belonging to a Sales Order




And here is the graphical version ;-)

Select an entity typeand press DictionarySelect an entity typeand press Dictionary




You should recognize some of this !

place the cursur in the field of a tablean press the DataBrowser button

place the cursur in the field of a tablean press the DataBrowser button

run the Report viarun the Report via


A Look at the Entity Types (1/6)


Chose one out of 4,622 Entity Types* !



* for R/3 4.7 (Enterprise)




Over 200 Entity Types containing order

double clickdouble click




Again rather boring, but a good starting point

have a look at the dictionary

have a look at the dictionary

have a look at the relations

have a look at the relations

have a look at the where usedhave a look at the where used




The incoming relationships with their cardinality

try a double click :-)try a double click :-)

what does C : CN stand for ?

what does C : CN stand for ?




The Dictionary (you should know this !)




Where is this Entity used ?


Thats IT

I hope it was a bit interesting and you learndsomething you can utilize in the future

data storage in sap

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