Data Resource Management

Data ConceptsDatabase Management

Types of Databases

Chapter

5

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Traditional File Processing

Data stored in independent filesProblems:

Data redundancyLack of data integrationData dependence – files, storage devices, and

software are dependent on each otherLack of data integrity or standardization

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Examples of logical data elements

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Fundamental Data Concepts

Character: single alphabetic, numeric or other symbol

Field or data item: a grouping of related charactersRepresents an attribute (a characteristic or quality)

of some entity (object, person, place or event)Example: salary

Record: grouping of all the fields used to describe the attributes of an entityExample: payroll record with name, SSN and rate

of pay

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Fundamental Data Concepts

File or table: a group of related recordsDatabase: an integrated collection of logically

related data elements

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Database Structures Relational Structure

Most widely used structureData elements are viewed as being stored in

tablesRow represents recordColumn represents fieldCan relate data in one file with data in another

file if both files share a common data element

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Relational Structure

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Relational Operations (Query)

Select: Create a subset of records that meet a stated

criterionExample, select employees who make more than

$30,000Join

Combine two or more tables temporarilyLooks like one big table

ProjectCreate a subset of columns in a table

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Section II Data Resource Management

Managerial activityApplies IS technologies like data management

and data warehousing to manage data resources to meet the information needs of business stakeholders

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Types of databases

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Type of Databases (1)

Operational DatabasesStore detailed data to support business

processesEx. customer database, inventory database

Distributed DatabasesCopies or parts of databases on servers at a

variety of locations

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Type of Databases (2)

External DatabasesDatabases available for a fee from

commercial online services or free from World Wide Web

Ex. statistical databanks, bibliographic Hypermedia Database

Website databaseConsists of hyperlinked pages of multimedia

(text, graphics, video, and audio)

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Data WarehouseStores historical data that has been extracted

from the operational, external and other databases

Data has been cleaned, transformed and cataloged

Used by managers and professionals for Data mining, Online analytical processing, Business analysis, Market research,Decision support

Data mart is subset of warehouse for specific use of department

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Data Mining

Data in data warehouse are analyzed to reveal hidden patterns and trends

Examples:Perform market-basket analysis to identify new

business processesFind root causes to quality problemsCross sell to existing customersProfile customers with more accuracy