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DATA REPORT ON COASTAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING

FOR ITPCL POWER PROJECT (January -2018)

CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF SEA WATER IN

AND AROUND THE ITPCL POWER PROJECT AT PARANGIPETTAI, CUDDALORE DISTRICT

Monthly Report (January -2019)

Submitted by

Dr. P. MURUGESAN Asst. Professor & Principal Investigator

Annamalai University

Research Scholars

Dr. P. Damotharan (Research Associate)

Mr. V. Bharathidasan

Mr. P. Partha Sarathy

Mr. R. Punniyamoorthy

CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY FACULTY OF MARINE SCIENCES

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Parangipettai, 608502 Tamil Nadu

January-2019


FOR ITPCL POWER PROJECT (January-2019)

CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY

1 RESULTS OF COASTAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

1.1 Sampling Details

As done during previous months, the seawater quality characteristics were studied by conducting

monthly sampling in and around ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai, Cuddalore District both

during low and high tide period. The sampling was carried out during 29.01.19 - 30.01.19 in and

around the proposed sites including the open sea as shown in Fig.1. The details of sampling

stations like station code, time, depth and its coordinates are also given in Table 1. Further, water

and sediment samples were collected in the identified locations of the open sea, Vellar and

Coleroon estuaries.

(Source: Google Earth)

Figure 1 Sampling Stations




TABLE 1 Details of Sampling Stations

Sl. No. Station Code Time GPS

Coordinates

1 ILFS-2-HT (Dredged soil dumping) 7.05AM 11°31'27.94"N

79°47'50.77"E 2 ILFS-2-LT 12.45PM

3 ILFS-5-HT (Intake) 7.30AM 11°31'13.31"N

79°46'14.37"E 4 ILFS-5-LT 12.58PM

5 ILFS-6-HT (Outfall) 7.48AM 11°30'58.78"N

79°46'59.61"E 6 ILFS-6-LT 1.20PM

7 ILFS-7-HT (North Break Water) 8.10AM 11°31'56.49"N

79°46'52.76"E 8 ILFS-7-LT 1.40PM

9 ILFS-16-HT (Off shore parallel to Mangroves-2) 8.30AM 11o25’29.13"N

79o51’10.08"E 10 ILFS-16-LT 1.55PM

11 ILFS-12-HT (Pichavaram Mangroves extension from

Vellar-2) 8.50AM 11°27'32.11"N

79°47'34.79"E

12 ILFS-12-LT 2.15PM

13 ILFS-14-HT (Pichavaram Mangroves extension from

Coleroon-2) 10.05AM 11°24'23.92"N

79°48'31.59"E

14 ILFS-14-LT 3.25PM

15 ILFS-19-HT (Annan kovil landing center) 9.10AM 11° 30' 15.75"N

79° 46'20.07"E 16 ILFS-19-LT 2.30PM

17 ILFS-21-HT (Pappa canal) 9.30AM 11°28'47.22"N

79°45'12.15"E 18 ILFS-21-LT 2.52PM

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Water and Sediment Sampling

Water samples

The water samples were collected from the pre-dertermined stations considering tidal

influences, discharge and non-discharge points. Subsurface water samples were collected at a

depth of 0.5 meter using Niskin water sampler. For accurate measurements of the in situ




properties and composition of seawater, proper sampling is of utmost importance. It is essential

to ensure that the sampling is contamination free and all the samples were appropriately sub-

sampled and preserved to avoid/minimize changes in the water composition during storage. After

sampling, adequate care was taken for measurements of hydrographic, chemical and biological

properties of sea water in coastal and near-shore waters.

Prior to sampling, the sampler and sampling containers were acid washed with 1N HCl in

the laboratory. Sample bottles were rinsed thoroughly with the water and after that the samples

were collected.

For dissolved oxygen, the samples were fixed by employing Winkler’s reagent on board

vessel itself and after fixing the samples were kept in shade until analysis. Temperature and pH

in water were measured immediately after collection. The water samples were filtred before

analysis. Trace metal samples were collected in acid-washed and pre-cleaned high density

polyethylene (HDPE) bottles. Disposable, clean gloves were used while sampling and handling

samples for trace metals. All samples were kept in a cool condition away from light to avoid

evaporation. All samples (for trace metals) were filtered immediately using 0.22 µM pore size

filter paper and acidify the pH till 2 by adding SUPRAPURE NITRIC ACID and stored in metal

free plastic bags till analysis, so as to avoid contamination.

Sediment samples

Sediment samples were stored in metal free plastic bags for trace metals and in aluminum

foils for organic constituents. These samples were stored in ice boxes for transportation and put

to dry in an electric oven at low temperatures (about 600 C) in clean glass petri-dishes.




Collection of Sediment Samples (Grabs and Corer)

Van Veen Grab with a sampling area of 0.1 m2 was employed as a standard sediment

sampler, since it is (i) an efficient sampler for the range of soft surface sediments encountered in

the near shore area, (ii) reliable and simple to operate and (iii) widely applied, which allows data

comparison with other marine areas.

Preservation and processing of samples

Storage and Preservation of Samples: It is understood that the concentration of dissolved

constituent is bound to change with time, due to the biological activity of the microorganisms

present in the seawater. Trace quantity are vulnerable to adsorption/desorption process, therefore,

they were analyzed immediately. Where immediate analysis is not possible, the recommended

method include freezing the samples in -800C. A quick note for sample collection and

preservation procedures is given below.

Temperature, Salinity and pH analysis

The physical parameters such as temperature, salinity and pH were measured in-situ in

the field. The subsurface temperature was measured with a mercury thermometer (0.02C

accuracy) and the pH was measured by a calibrated pH pen (pH ep-3 model). Salinity was

estimated using a Hand Refractometer (Atago, Japan). Water samples collected for dissolved

oxygen estimation were transferred carefully to BOD bottles. The DO was immediately fixed

and brought to the laboratory for further analysis.

Preservation and Laboratory Analysis

After collection, the samples were immediately cooled to 4C and then brought to the

laboratory in an insulated thermocool box. In the laboratory, water samples were filtered through




Whatman GF/C filter paper and analysed for organic matter and other nutrients. Unfiltered

samples were used for the estimation of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. All the analyses

were carried out by adopting Standard procedures for samples of aquatic origin. Briefly, the

methodology for each analysis is given below:

Nitrate and Nitrite

The nitrate and nitrite content of samples were analysed by following the methods

described by Strickland and Parsons (1972). The nitrite was estimated from highly coloured azo

dye formed by the addition of N (1-Napthyl) ethylene diamine di hydro-chloride and

sulfanilamide into the solution was then measured at 543 nm in a spectrophotometer. The same

procedure was followed for the estimation of nitrate. For this, nitrate was reduced to nitrite by

passing the sample through copper coated cadmium column. The values are expressed in mol of

Nitrogen/l

Inorganic Phosphate

The single solution mixed reagent procedure developed by Murphy and Riley (1962) was

followed for the estimation of dissolved inorganic phosphate levels in water samples. This

involves the conversion of phosphate into phosphomolybdic acid, which was then reduced to

molybdinum blue color complexes and then the intensity of colour was measured at 882 nm in a

spectrophotometer. The calculated values are expressed in µmol of Phosphorus/l.

Total Phosphorus

The Total Phosphate in samples was estimated by adopting the method described by

Menzel and Corwin (1964). This procedure involves the conversion of organically bound

phosphate into inorganic phosphate by wet oxidation of samples with potassium persulphate in

an Autoclave for 30 min at 15 lbs pressure. The converted inorganic phosphate was then




estimated by using the method described by Murphy and Riley (1962). The subtraction of

original dissolved inorganic phosphate from total phosphate yielded the organic phosphate in the

water sample. The calculated value is expressed in µmol of Phosphorus/l.

Reactive Silicate

The reactive silicate content of water was estimated by following the method of

Strickland and Parsons (1972). In this method, the intensity of blue color formed by silico-

molybdate complex was measured in a Spectrophotometer at 810 nm and the calculated values

are expressed in µmol of Silica/l

Sediment Analysis

For the analysis of textural composition and pH, the air-dried sediment samples w ere

used as such. For all other analyses of organic matter, sediment samples were ground to fine

powder and dried in an oven at 110C to constant weight for an hour.

Total Organic Carbon

The estimation of total organic carbon in sediment was performed by adopting the

method of El Wakeel and Riley (1956). The procedure involves chromic acid digestion and

subsequent titration against ferrous ammonium sulphate solution in the presence of 1-10 Ferrous

phenonthroline indicator. The values calculated are expressed in mgC/g of sediment.

Heavy Metal Analysis in Water and Sediment Samples

Seawater samples were collected in pre-cleaned polypropylene bottles with 10% nitric

acid and Milli-Q water and acidified till pH ∼1.6 using HNO3 for further metal detection by

using ICP-MS (Søndergaard et al., 2015). Sediment samples were collected with the aid of

cleaned and dried Teflon/stainless steel coated Peterson grab. Sediment samples were transferred




from the Grab to cleaned polyethylene containers using cleaned plastics scoops. The samples

were stored in frozen condition for further analysis. The preserved sediment sub-samples were

dried at 110°C to constant weight for estimation of metals. Dry powdered sediment was gently

heated and digested with Hydrofluoric acid whereby Silica volatizes as Silicon tetra-fluoride.

This is followed by treatment with Nitric acid and Per-chloric acid to destroy the organic matter.

The residue after evaporation of acids was dissolved in 0.1 N HCl and desired metals were

determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).

Bacteriological Methods

Collection of samples:

Surface water samples were collected in 30ml sterile screw capped bottles for

bacteriological assessment. Enough air space was left in the bottles to allow thorough mixing.

Precautionary measures were taken to avoid contamination through handling. For microbial

assessment in sediment samples, a known quantity of samples was collected from the grab

samples using sterilised spatula. The central portion of the collected sediment was aseptically

transferred into sterile polyethylene bags. All the samples were brought to the laboratory in

portable icebox soon after collection and bacteriological analyses were carried out in the

laboratory at CAS immediately, with necessary dilution.

Enumeration of Total Viable Counts:

TVC was enumerated by adopting the spread plate method using Zobell’s Marine Agar

medium (EA123, Hi-Media, Mumbai). The samples (water and sediment) were diluted using the

sterile sea water and 0.1 ml of the diluted sample was pippeted into the petriplates containing

Zobell’s Marine Agar and it was spread using a ‘L’ shaped glass spreader. The plates after

inoculation were incubated in an inverted position at a temperature of 28+2°C for 24to 48 h. The




colonies were counted and the population density expressed as Colony Forming Unit (CFU) per

ml or g of the sample. The bacterial colonies were picked up from the pertidishes and re-streaked

in appropriate nutrient agar plates thrice before a pure culture was established in agar slants.

Enumeration of Total Coliforms:

Macconkey agar with 0.15% bile salt, crystal violet and NaCl has been recommended in

accordance with USP/Nfxi (1) for the detection, isolation and enumeration of coliforms and

intestinal pathogens in water, dairy products, pharmaceutical preparations, etc. The agar

weighing 51.5 g in 1000 ml distilled water was heated up to the boiling point to dissolve the

medium completely and sterilized by autoclaving at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 15 min. suitably

diluted samples were inoculated in the petriplates containing medium and were incubated for 48

h. After incubation, the colonies of E. coli appeared with pink color.

M-FC agar is employed for detection and enumeration Faecal Coliforms by the

membrane filter technique at higher temperature (44.5°C). The agar weighing 52 g was

suspended in 1000 ml of distilled water and heated up to the boiling point to dissolve the

medium completely, 10ml of Rosolic acid (dissolved in 0.2 N NaOH) was added, heated with

frequent agitation and boiled for 1 min. Then the medium was cooled to 50°C. Finally, the

medium was poured into small 60mm plates. Samples filtered by Millipore apparatus using

0.45µm Whatman filter papers were impregnated in the petriplates. After 48 h of incubation, the

colonies of E. coli appeared with blue colour.

Chlorophyll `a':

The samples were filtered through Whatman GF/C filter papers and the chlorophyll was

extracted into 90% acetone. The resulting colored acetone extract was measured in a




spectrophotometer at different wave lengths and the same acetone extracts were acidified and

measured for the phaeo-pigments. The detailed methodology as described in APHA manual

(1989) was followed.

Phytoplankton:

Phytoplankton samples were collected from the surface waters of the study area by

towing a plankton net (mouth diameter 0.5 m) made of bolting silk (mesh size 20 micron) for

half an hour. These samples were preserved in 5% neutralized formalin and used for qualitative

analysis. For quantitative analysis of phytoplankton, the settling method as described by

Sukhanovo (1978) was adopted. Numerical plankton analysis was carried out using Utermohl's

inverted plankton microscope.

Phytoplankton species was identified using the standard works of Hustedt (1930-1966),

Venkataraman (1939), Cupp (1943), Subramanian (1946), Prescott (1954), Desikachary (1959

and 1987), Hendey (1964), Steidinger and Williams (1970) and Taylor (1976) and Anand et al.

(1986).

Zooplankton:

Zooplankton samples were collected from the surface waters of the study areas by

horizontal towing of plankton net with mouth diameter of 0.35 m, made of bolting silk (No. 70

mesh size 200 µm) for half an hour. After collection, the samples were preserved in 5 - 7%

neutralized formalin and used for quantitative analysis. The zooplankton collected were

identified to the species level using the classical works of Dakin and Colefax (1940), Davis

(1955), Kasthurirangan (1963) and Wickstead (1965) and Damodara Naidu (1981). For

quantitative analysis of zooplankton, a known quantity of water (100 L) was filtered through a

bag net (0.33 mm mesh size) and filtrate was made up to 1 litre in a wide mouthed bottle and




then enumerated using Utermohl’s inverted plankton microscope. The plankton density is

expressed as number of organisms/m3.

Benthic Community:

For benthic organisms, sediment samples were collected using a Van veen Grab which

covered an area of 0.1m2. The wet sediment was sieved with varying mesh sizes for segregating

the organisms. The organisms retained in the sieve were fixed in 5-7% formalin and stained

further with Rose Bengal solution for easy spotting at the time of sorting. After a day or two, the

organisms were sorted into various groups. The number of organisms in each Grab sample was

expressed as number per meter square. According to size, benthic animals are divided into three

groups: (i) macrobenthos (ii) meiobenthos and (iii) microbenthos (Mare, 1942). All the species

were sorted, enumerated and identified to the advanced level possible with the consultation of

available literature. The works of Fauvel (1953), Day (1967) were referred for polychaetes;

Barnes (1980) and Lyla et al. (1999) for crustaceans; Subba Rao et al. (1991) and Ramakrishna

(2003) for molluscs.

1.2. Physico-chemical Parameters

The physico-chemical parameters such as depth, transparency, Atmospheric Temperature

(AT), Water Temperature (WT), turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), pH, salinity, dissolved

oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were analyzed and the results are given in

Table 2.




TABLE 2 Physio-chemical Characteristics in Water samples collected in various stations of

ITPCL site

Station

Code

Depth

(m)

Transparency

(m)

Turbidity

(NTU)

TSS

(mg/L)

AT

(oC)

WT

(oC)

pH Salinity

(PSU)

DO

(mg/l)

BOD

(mg/l)

ILFS-2-HT 7.5 1.4 0.56 21.34 29.12 28.46 7.96 32.46 6.24 1.02

ILFS-2-LT 7.1 1.2 0.86 21.46 30.12 29.24 8.02 32.46 6.12 1.24

ILFS-5-HT 6.8 1.0 0.76 21.06 31.52 29.56 8.10 32.48 5.98 1.94

ILFS-5-LT 6.4 0.8 0.92 21.38 30.14 29.84 8.10 32.48 6.12 1.88

ILS-6-HT 8.0 1.5 0.38 20.67 31.56 29.86 8.14 32.56 6.02 1.24

ILFS-6-LT 7.6 1.2 0.46 21.56 30.12 29.86 8.12 32.57 5.86 2.01

ILFS-7-HT 7.5 1.3 0.67 21.53 31.46 30.46 8.16 32.49 5.97 1.87

ILFS-7-LT 7.0 1.0 0.82 21.84 30.58 29.97 8.16 32.56 6.28 1.42

ILFS-16-HT 6.7 1.8 1.82 21.63 31.82 29.87 8.14 32.58 5.64 2.18

ILFS-16-LT 6.1 1.4 2.24 21.84 30.67 30.12 8.12 32.57 6.23 1.47

ILFS-12-HT 2.8 0.8 4.62 21.46 31.56 30.28 7.98 30.82 5.64 2.01

ILFS-12-LT 2.4 0.6 5.46 20.82 31.97 29.67 7.92 30.82 5.94 1.21

ILFS-14-HT 2.0 0.7 7.52 21.38 30.84 29.64 8.10 29.64 6.24 1.86

ILFS-14-LT 1.8 0.6 8.64 22.45 31.16 30.15 8.10 29.34 5.87 2.10

ILFS-19-HT 2.4 1.0 9.46 21.84 31.82 30.42 8.20 30.28 5.48 1.32

ILFS-19-LT 1.8 0.8 10.24 21.93 31.18 30.18 8.21 30.26 5.26 2.12

ILFS-21-HT 1.0 0.6 9.82 21.64 30.84 30.10 8.14 28.64 6.45 1.87

ILFS-21-LT 0.8 0.4 11.67 23.45 31.84 30.14 8.13 28.64 5.44 2.24

1.3. Nutrients and Petroleum Hydrocarbon

The parameters like nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), ammonia (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN),

inorganic phosphate (IP), total phosphorus, silicate and petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) were

analyzed and the results are given in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Nutrients and PHC Values recorded in various stations of ITPCL site

Station Code SEAWATER NUTRIENTS (µmol/l) PHC

(µg/l) NO2 NO3 NH3 TN IP TP SiO4

ILFS-2-HT 0.346 1.134 0.134 11.524 0.357 1.234 12.246 0.467

ILFS-2-LT 0.246 1.124 0.216 10.264 0.286 1.128 11.247 0.382




1.4. Sediment Texture

The results of soil texture and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzed from the sediment samples

are given in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Sediment Texture and Organic Carbon recorded in various stations of ITPCL

site

Station Code Total Organic

Carbon (mgC/g)

Soil Texture (%)

Sand Silt Clay

ILFS-2-HT 1.56 93.564 4.804 1.632

ILFS-2-LT 1.86 92.642 5.624 1.734

ILFS-5-HT 2.64 93.514 5.450 1.036

ILFS-5-LT 3.12 93.614 4.522 1.864

ILFS-6-HT 1.47 93.642 3.716 2.642

ILFS-6-LT 0.86 91.542 7.622 0.836

ILFS-7-HT 1.02 91.614 4.161 4.225

ILFS-7-LT 0.94 92.543 4.331 3.126

ILFS-16-HT 1.24 92.324 5.512 2.164

ILFS-16-LT 2.04 93.304 4.832 1.864

ILFS-12-HT 2.86 88.494 9.164 2.342

ILFS-5-HT 0.186 1.425 0.246 13.258 0.264 2.314 15.624 0.482

ILFS-5-LT 0.242 1.324 0.432 12.453 0.314 1.824 13.587 0.524

ILFS-6-HT 0.312 1.086 0.245 12.645 0.346 1.652 14.523 0.568

ILFS-6-LT 0.246 1.423 0.346 11.264 0.187 1.547 12.347 0.482

ILFS-7-HT 0.364 2.647 0.342 14.524 0.864 3.214 15.241 0.654

ILFS-7-LT 0.282 2.242 0.264 13.246 0.672 2.864 14.264 0.564

ILFS-16-HT 0.348 2.342 0.186 13.264 0.584 2.546 13.824 0.634

ILFS-16-LT 0.324 1.464 0.240 12.348 0.456 1.946 12.864 0.582

ILFS-12-HT 0.376 1.764 0.182 10.234 0.524 1.864 11.582 0.876

ILFS-12-LT 0.246 1.564 0.942 9.864 0.426 1.625 10.488 0.764

ILFS-14-HT 0.186 1.487 0.156 11.234 0.242 2.341 11.964 0.527

ILFS-14-LT 0.204 1.342 0.142 10.234 0.324 2.017 10.876 0.482

ILFS-19-HT 0.194 1.288 0.282 10.124 0.342 1.846 11.214 0.468

ILFS-19-LT 0.164 1.264 0.188 9.946 0.287 1.582 10.025 0.394

ILFS-21-HT 0.264 1.164 0.228 9.642 0.286 1.847 10.364 0.587

ILFS-21-LT 0.246 1.264 0.164 9.024 0.242 1.646 10.214 0.425




ILFS-12-LT 2.24 87.424 9.344 3.232

ILFS-14-HT 3.46 76.454 14.521 9.025

ILFS-14-LT 2.87 68.924 18.842 12.234

ILFS-19-HT 2.64 58.042 28.413 13.545

ILFS-19-LT 2.14 57.914 25.536 16.550

ILFS-21-HT 3.61 58.372 31.364 10.264

ILFS-21-LT 4.46 52.864 28.612 18.524

1.5. Chlorophyll -a and phaeophytin

Chlorophyll ‘a’ and phaeophytin, which are considered as an index of phytoplankton density,

were analyzed in the samples collected at ITPCL power project site, Parangipettai. The results

are given in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Biological Characteristics Water samples collected in various stations of ITPCL

site

Station

Code

Chlorophyll ‘a’(mg/m3) Phaeophytin (mg/m3)

ILFS-2-HT 2.426 0.867

ILFS-2-LT 1.864 0.679

ILFS-5-HT 2.126 0.886

ILFS-5-LT 1.346 0.642

ILFS-6-HT 1.546 0.564

ILFS-6-LT 1.287 0.468

ILFS-7-HT 1.646 0.978

ILFS-7-LT 1.497 0.867

ILFS-16-HT 1.497 0.664

ILFS-16-LT 1.385 0.564

ILFS-12-HT 1.468 0.598

ILFS-12-LT 1.082 0.534

ILFS-14-HT 1.458 0.475

ILFS-14-LT 0.964 0.356

ILFS-19-HT 1.157 0.648

ILFS-19-LT 1.024 0.554

ILFS-21-HT 1.642 0.537

ILFS-21-LT 1.064 0.468




1.6. Heavy metals in seawater and sediments

The level of heavy metals recorded in seawater and sediments samples in and around ITPCL site

are given in the Tables 6 and 7.

Table 6: Heavy Metals (µg/l) in Seawater samples collected from various stations of ITPCL

site

Station Code Fe Zn Mn Cd Ni Cr Pb Cu Hg

ILFS-1 34.52 19.64 40.57 2.46 2.14 2.97 5.16 17.23 0.67

ILFS-2 17.52 20.18 42.56 2.21 2.56 2.48 4.67 16.94 0.58

ILFS-3 16.28 21.56 42.82 2.51 2.46 1.38 4.37 16.82 0.62

ILFS-4 17.24 19.86 41.27 1.94 1.74 2.87 4.12 16.84 0.45

ILFS-5 19.14 22.64 40.51 2.86 2.97 1.94 3.68 16.58 0.62

ILFS-12 17.52 19.38 42.63 3.02 2.82 2.16 3.84 17.64 0.42

ILFS-19 16.28 18.27 41.52 2.34 1.64 1.88 4.18 18.27 0.38

ILFS-21 15.86 17.92 40.82 2.84 2.24 2.62 3.68 17.02 0.34

Table 7 Heavy Metals (µg/g) in sediment samples collected from various stations of ITPCL

sites

Station Code Fe Zn Mn Cd Ni Cr Pb Cu Hg

ILFS - 1 1564.8 17.5 76.3 11.82 15.46 11.64 10.24 28.64 0.78

ILFS - 2 1672.4 16.8 80.4 13.52 16.84 10.25 11.26 25.64 0.68

ILFS - 3 1694.2 18.4 68.2 15.02 14.67 10.34 10.08 24.62 0.81

ILFS - 4 1512.8 15.8 70.6 15.64 12.92 10.67 9.86 23.87 0.74

ILFS - 5 1538.7 16.2 65.7 10.74 16.73 10.38 10.12 24.56 0.67

ILFS - 12 1464.5 16.7 63.4 12.34 15.37 9.64 10.34 27.42 0.64

ILFS - 19 1528.6 16.2 72.8 10.84 13.62 9.12 9.14 26.94 0.62

ILFS - 21 1612.3 14.6 65.3 10.22 12.84 10.44 9.28 32.56 0.92




1.7. MICROBIOLOGY

Water samples

The microbial parameters such as Total viable counts (TVC), total coliforms and Streptococcus

faecalis (SF) were analyzed for seawater samples in and around the ITPCL power project site at

Parangipettai. The results are given in Table 8. Similarly, the results of microbial parameters

analysed in sediment samples are given in Table 9.

TABLE 8 Bacterial population recorded in water samples collected in various station of

ITPCL site

Station Code Total Viable Count (TVC) Total Coliforms (TC) Streptococcus faecalis (SF)

ILFS-2-HT 15×103 6×103 10×103

ILFS-2-LT 16×104 8×103 11×103

ILFS-5-HT 12×103 9×103 8×103

ILFS-5-LT 14×103 10×103 10×103

ILFS-6-HT 15×103 10×103 9×103

ILFS-6-LT 12×103 11×103 7×103

ILFS-7-HT 18×103 9×103 10×103

ILFS-7-LT 19×103 8×103 11×103

ILFS-16-HT 13×103 12×103 10×103

ILFS-16-LT 15×103 15×103 12×103

ILFS-12-HT 24×103 14×103 15×103

ILFS-12-LT 26×103 16×103 18×103

ILFS-14-HT 20×103 14×103 15×103

ILFS-14-LT 22×103 16×103 16×103

ILFS-19-HT 18×104 14×103 17×103

ILFS-19-LT 19×103 15×103 18×103

ILFS-21-HT 20×103 13×103 14×103

ILFS-21-LT 22×103 15×103 15×103




TABLE 9 Bacterial population recorded in sediment samples collected from various

stations of ITPCL site

Station Code Total Viable Count (TVC) Total Coliforms (TC) Streptococcus faecalis (SF)

ILFS-2-HT 16×103 7×103 12×103

ILFS-2-LT 18×103 10×103 16×103

ILFS-5-HT 15×103 9×103 10×103

ILFS-5-LT 17×103 12×103 12×103

ILFS-6-HT 20×103 13×103 10×103

ILFS-6-LT 21×103 15×103 14×103

ILFS-7-HT 19×103 10×103 15×104

ILFS-7-LT 22×103 12×103 13×103

ILFS-16-HT 14×103 17×103 15×103

ILFS-16-LT 17×103 19×103 17×103

ILFS-12-HT 26×103 20×103 18×103

ILFS-12-LT 28×103 18×103 20×103

ILFS-14-HT 21×103 15×103 14×103

ILFS-14-LT 23×103 18×103 18×103

ILFS-19-HT 25×103 12×103 17×103

ILFS-19-LT 27×103 16×103 19×103

ILFS-21-HT 21×103 14×103 16×103

ILFS-21-LT 23×103 18×103 18×103



1.8 Phytoplankton Density and Diversity

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of the phytoplankton samples were done and the results are given in Tables 10(a) and 10(b).

The population density was recorded from 8140 to 10222 Nos. /L. The minimum density was recorded at station 19 during low tide (Annan

kovil landing center) while maximum was in the open sea (Station ILFS- 16-HT).

TABLE 10 (a) Density of Phytoplankton recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site

Sl.No. Name of the Species

Nos./L

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Bacillariaceae

1 Navicula directa 242 175 250 182 126 * 164 162 160 350

2 Nitzschia longissima 188 168 240 140 150 198 148 138 164 152

3 Planktoniella sp. 264 216 214 170 246 154 270 280 130 188

Ceratiaceae

4 Ceratium sp. * 110 132 140 218 214 218 122 238 *

5 C. lineatum 130 142 270 * 126 142 175 140 154 130

Chaetocereae

6 Bacteriastrum sp. 168 138 140 150 198 142 175 140 148 138

7 B. hyalinium 156 128 342 150 340 198 148 138 250 256

8 B. delicatulum 150 160 144 154 134 164 150 124 130 150

9 Chaetoceros sp. * 196 * 142 148 120 188 114 122 340

10 C. affinis 342 * 312 * 276 320 360 384 540 350

11 C. clacitrans 128 130 150 128 168 152 152 160 168 140

12 C. debilis 216 216 142 138 142 130 128 130 154 136

13 C. decipiens 253 * 180 234 128 150 264 250 160 118

Biddulphoidae

14 Biddulphia sp. 170 150 242 240 232 160 230 256 180 128

15 B. heteroceros 156 240 264 * 364 152 * 110 132 *




16 B. obtusa 176 142 174 154 154 164 160 168 174 340

Coscinodisceae

17 Coscinodiscus centralis * 160 138 184 * 164 150 142 140 156

18 C. gigas 116 * 244 210 210 234 230 250 246 *

19 C. granii 240 92 264 180 110 170 130 146 120 154

20 Cyclotella sp. 342 150 340 250 256 256 340 320 186 162

21 Skeletonema costatum 120 242 132 136 154 120 120 110 102 128

22 Melosira borreri 146 138 140 156 * 176 158 146 130 158

23 Lauderia borealis 122 * 144 254 130 121 216 168 160 112

24 Thalassiosira sp. 114 142 160 140 214 168 164 216 230 162

Eucampiinae

25 Eucampia sp. 360 246 154 152 144 170 * 145 190 132

26 E. groenlandica * * 250 140 128 114 130 152 216 130

27 E. zoodiacus 340 320 228 140 184 360 340 320 130 370

Fragilariaceae

28 Diatoma anceps 142 140 146 216 140 150 164 234 150 164

29 Thalassionema nitzschioides 156 182 162 218 218 186 162 146 180 168

30 Thalasiosira subtilis 426 132 132 250 152 144 162 130 142 108

31 T. punctigera * 284 180 135 144 118 164 182 250 234

Naviculoideae

32 Gyrosigma acuminatum 242 232 322 239 148 254 200 210 230 250

33 G. balticum 293 184 360 246 163 164 164 152 131 145

34 Pleurosigma elongatum 276 465 * 284 127 116 134 135 164 182

35 P. normanii 280 270 260 236 267 360 280 270 260 240

36 Astrionella sp. * 346 218 142 128 380 130 146 128 134

37 Astrionella glacialis 186 * 122 239 378 122 243 254 216 168

Peridiniaceae

38 Peridinium claudicans 340 280 356 283 264 152 210 246 278 234

39 Protoperidinium oceanicum 276 247 253 173 242 160 180 234 264 251

Soleniae




41 Leptocylindrus danicus 170 164 242 175 151 126 230 182 164 162

42 Rhizosolenia alata 218 215 135 321 178 126 164 152 134 140

43 R. styliformis 312 164 150 218 184 250 278 * 286 264

44 R. imbricata 280 270 170 156 144 346 180 176 164 162

Pyrophacaceae

45 Pyrophacus steinii 180 264 190 218 238 154 168 152 134 182

46 Dinophysis acuta * 256 340 * 467 128 254 168 197 134

47 D. caudata 302 213 172 214 285 130 167 128 154 138

48 D. puncata 247 218 222 548 230 458 312 320 1298 164

Triceratiinae

49 Lithodesmium undulatum 256 232 186 231 247 144 138 164 152 180

50 Odontella mobiliensis 354 161 146 346 328 122 156 152 142 160

Cyanophyceae

51 Oscillatoria sp. 182 154 236 242 210 168 170 160 150 140

52 Anabaena circinails 210 180 120 324 328 138 162 192 * 128

Total 9967 9054 10210 9718 10041 9209 9480 9216 10222 8812

* Organisms not present




TABLE 10 (b) Density of Phytoplankton recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos./L

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Bacillariaceae

1 Navicula directa 151 142 230 430 126 178 214 270

2 Nitzschia longissima 164 146 160 168 174 * 164 240

3 Planktoniella sp. 214 146 234 * 136 * 328 148

Ceratiaceae

4 Ceratium sp. 130 120 156 154 128 126 214 356

5 C. lineatum 160 174 142 154 136 142 263 250

Chaetocereae

6 Bacteriastrum sp. 160 164 168 174 * * 206 *

7 B. hyalinium 162 186 146 180 168 146 270 180

8 B. delicatulum 152 144 134 160 150 142 * 170

9 Chaetoceros sp. 216 186 236 140 140 118 208 160

10 C. affinis 260 346 340 376 325 312 212 182

11 C. clacitrans 520 108 * 150 130 124 260 280

12 C. debilis 140 132 136 158 128 132 162 240

13 C. decipiens 242 138 180 124 160 264 196 260

Biddulphoidae

14 Biddulphia sp. 194 108 210 214 140 242 214 452

15 B. heteroceros 214 218 218 122 238 * 148 358

16 B. obtuse 180 * 188 150 146 140 164 364

Coscinodisceae

17 Coscinodiscus centralis 150 148 150 150 * 140 148 176

18 C. gigas 148 184 200 222 254 264 148 170

19 C. granii 334 148 * 314 186 172 168 234




20 Cyclotella sp. 180 146 168 146 282 426 154 172

21 Skeletonema costatum 118 122 126 120 114 214 166 158

22 Melosira borreri 182 240 140 148 168 174 184 *

23 Lauderia borealis 378 250 243 128 122 142 164 164

24 Thalassiosira sp. 120 130 116 140 124 120 162 170

Eucampiinae

25 Eucampia sp. 163 130 164 142 164 160 140 164

26 E. groenlandica 172 243 160 132 142 171 150 138

27 E. zoodiacus 128 132 136 118 180 174 154 124

Fragilariaceae

28 Diatoma anceps 152 210 156 118 160 136 186 140

29 Thalassionema nitzschioides 282 146 426 134 128 140 146 324

30 Thalasiosira subtilis 230 184 184 178 152 240 245 259

31 T. punctigera 127 284 134 128 116 164 172 150

Naviculoideae

32 Gyrosigma acuminatum 132 264 320 212 244 210 222 234

33 G. balticum 152 160 260 160 154 144 142 170

34 Pleurosigma elongatum 164 164 138 240 180 144 128 118

35 P. normanii 138 250 180 180 360 350 340 *

36 Astrionella sp. * 152 142 160 166 142 142 128

37 Astrionella glacialis 128 142 260 * 144 130 182 121

Peridiniaceae

38 Peridinium claudicans 240 240 270 130 132 138 128 164

39 Protoperidinium oceanicum 210 264 340 140 127 128 124 150

Soleniae

41 Leptocylindrus danicus 150 178 136 170 128 126 360 *

42 Rhizosolenia alata 350 150 260 346 264 110 142 150

43 R. styliformis 164 252 146 154 246 276 285 264

44 R. imbricate 462 180 130 264 310 118 122 *

Pyrophacaceae




45 Pyrophacus steinii 426 196 158 240 280 164 172 134

46 Dinophysis acuta * 280 350 262 270 142 132 110

47 D. caudata 128 140 240 268 134 132 128 124

48 D. puncata 340 285 350 280 142 128 126 152

Triceratiinae

49 Lithodesmium undulatum * 340 112 270 260 136 138 130

50 Odontella mobiliensis 326 360 196 259 146 130 132 140

Cyanophyceae

51 Oscillatoria sp. 310 180 302 208 262 246 220 178

52 Anabaena circinails 172 * 164 288 * 143 180 142

Total 10115 9332 9835 9403 8666 8140 9255 9062

*Organisms not present




1.9. Zooplankton Density and Diversity

As done for phytoplankton, Zooplankton density were studied in the coastal waters of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai, and

the observed results are given in Tables 11(a) and 11(b). The population density varied from 7030 to 9775 Nos./m3. The minimum density

was recorded at station 6 (Outfall) in low tide and maximum was in the open sea (station ILFS-5-HT).

TABLE 11(a) Density of Zooplankton species recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m3

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-

16-LT

Protozoans 148 132 202 214 162 160 * 214 * 152

1 Globigernia sp. 212 * * 329 240 168 186 156 156 150

2 G. rubescense 124 103 122 126 146 214 256 102 108 112

3 G. opima 142 128 148 * 202 154 160 * 324 268

Annelids

4 Polychaete larvae 240 160 108 * 210 146 233 144 147 144

Calanoid Copepods

5 Acartia danae 154 160 124 152 156 128 130 150 128 142

6 A. erythraea 180 * 164 180 178 164 156 214 212 *

7 A. spinicauda 242 186 188 214 218 194 * 127 136 142

8 Acrocalanus gibber 164 218 204 214 188 164 * 200 214 214

9 A. gracilis 242 * 164 216 * 268 218 * 186 152

10 Calanopia minor 240 180 102 112 116 102 * 150 106 108

11 Centropages furcatus 278 316 228 * 218 * 182 116 * 128

12 Eucalanus sp. 122 142 166 144 132 138 126 122 126 142

13 Eucalanus elongates 100 146 154 104 112 116 122 126 128 *

14 Labidocera pavo * 218 210 126 128 152 144 142 140 143

15 L.minuta 262 246 220 178 168 182 154 236 242 210




16 L. pectinata 152 * 122 * 122 132 132 130 128 126

17 Nannocalanus minor 166 128 114 142 132 122 126 120 104 140

18 Paracalanus parvus 172 125 132 110 130 120 * * 168 138

19 Pseudodiaptomus aurivilli 140 182 148 164 152 150 140 124 * 132

20 Temora stylifera 146 132 154 128 120 170 132 140 144 136

Harpacticoid copepods

21 Clytmnestra scutellata 120 116 112 106 * * 134 145 128 126

22 Euterpina acutifrons 78 120 115 114 122 98 * 134 116 118

23 Longipedia sp. 116 110 128 121 122 162 152 144 148 178

24 Macrosetella oculata 144 150 148 114 * 118 164 180 140 150

25 M. gracilis 184 246 250 523 234 164 273 242 374 178

26 Microsetella sp. 220 242 204 148 174 226 231 204 264 *

27 Microsetella rosea 206 228 352 204 234 118 288 * 178 242

28 Metis jousseaumei 204 * 330 * 118 * 207 243 206 174

Cyclopoid copepods

29 Copilia vitrea 432 204 226 * 242 198 178 444 119 402

30 C. mirabilis 228 118 402 * 382 242 124 204 240 228

31 Corycaeus danae 198 144 164 150 174 148 128 232 * 198

32 C. catus * 326 140 158 142 196 146 120 128 124

33 Oithona brevicornis 228 118 288 234 118 * 204 * 404 116

34 O. rigida 232 328 * 221 154 220 * 0 126 134

35 Oncaea sp. 118 120 150 128 134 120 115 114 350 122

36 Sapphirina sp. * 156 154 165 140 132 127 126 120 110

Coelentrates

37 Diphysis sp. 168 * 264 * 186 * 148 164 118 242

Spirotrichea

38 Dictyocysta sp. 252 264 186 184 186 154 456 165 154 142

39 Favella brevis 432 * * 264 288 402 * 178 198

40 Rhabdonella lohmani 163 152 157 160 154 144 142 170 164 164

41 Tintinnopsis mortenseni 291 160 430 106 120 116 112 246 160 250




42 Other Crustacean forms

43 Barnacle nauplii 152 140 160 182 174 176 134 182 218 164

44 Copepod nauplii 246 380 326 120 110 * 118 166 160 138

45 Mysis larvae 116 * 280 130 128 134 126 166 160 128

46 Crab zoea 182 188 174 158 192 164 180 186 167 154

Molluscs

47 Gastropod veliger 172 340 432 428 250 128 132 114 160 142

48 Bivalve veliger 311 382 362 120 242 421 214 180 134 170

49 Larvacean

50 Oikopleura parva 148 132 134 212 244 210 222 234 200 254

51 O. dioica 118 120 * 134 78 120 115 114 350 122

Rotatoria

52 Brachionus sp. 127 164 138 310 180 * 128 118 134 116

53 B. plicatilis 267 138 126 320 144 138 128 120 180 108

54 B. rubens 128 * 142 160 166 142 142 128 130 114

55 Keretella sp. * 128 127 264 144 130 128 121 243 122

Total 9607 8316 9775 8227 8682 7751 8095 7819 8948 8207

*Organisms. not present

TABLE 11(b) Density of Zooplankton species recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m3

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Protozoans 234 124 * 242 214 230 213 213

1 Globigernia sp. 264 104 150 * 144 128 * 110

2 G. rubescense 110 142 132 126 122 120 142 *

3 G. opima 242 116 * 286 284 130 * 134

Annelida

4 Polychaete larvae 148 156 120 124 156 176 162 133

Calanoid Copepod




5 Acartia danae 140 * 150 168 130 140 140 108

6 A. erythraea 186 156 128 114 152 216 214 *

7 A. spinicauda 140 * 152 140 144 * 210 124

8 Acrocalanus gibber 186 160 140 150 148 212 167 *

9 A. gracilis 158 146 152 126 134 * 284 278

10 Calanopia minor 112 142 * 170 164 110 134 242

11 Centropages furcatus 136 110 128 148 164 * 310 *

12 Eucalanus sp. 144 142 150 126 * 100 98 106

13 Eucalanus elongates 116 120 114 124 120 140 132 *

14 Labidocera pavo * 162 152 144 156 234 * 152

15 L.minuta 116 * 142 170 146 154 128 *

16 L. pectinata 124 130 140 132 140 * 168 146

17 Nannocalanus minor * 126 156 * 144 214 166 138

18 Paracalanus parvus 132 128 142 120 128 166 * *

19 Pseudodiaptomus aurivilli 134 150 102 106 120 * 100 136

20 Temora stylifera 128 142 120 122 104 166 142 163

Harpacticoid copepod

21 Clytmnestra scutellata 150 158 180 142 144 154 130 106

22 Euterpina acutifrons 142 168 136 * 144 120 * 120

23 Longipedia sp. 167 128 154 138 140 132 102 118

24 Macrosetella oculata 160 140 170 186 164 * 146 *

25 M. gracilis 226 148 288 228 118 242 242 178

26 Microsetella sp. 198 * 244 * 286 210 142 324

27 Microsetella rosea 221 328 120 100 98 190 113 *

28 Metis jousseaumei 164 204 * 118 228 220 362 136

Cyclopoid copepod

29 Copilia vitrea 224 374 * * 228 162 148 242

30 C. mirabilis 332 232 119 206 146 150 352 *

31 Corycaeus danae 228 245 325 134 224 * 142 122

32 C. catus 136 110 106 * 122 120 * 148




33 Oithona brevicornis 267 328 164 140 324 130 288 146

34 O. rigida 204 115 160 * 228 170 226 *

35 Oncaea sp. 364 326 * 246 352 218 * 248

36 Sapphirina sp. 240 240 236 108 350 124 186 288

Coelentrate

37 Diphysis sp. * 242 336 182 188 210 194 152

Spirotrichea

38 Dictyocysta sp. 163 142 150 150 170 192 160 140

39 Favella brevis * 116 404 228 * 180 * 120

40 Rhabdonella lohmani 152 131 145 293 160 180 184 *

41 Tintinnopsis mortenseni 156 140 160 * 145 176 134 234

42 Other Crustacean forms

43 Barnacle nauplii 216 224 242 164 158 176 164 160

44 Copepod nauplii 140 150 130 * 165 214 * 246

45 Mysis larvae 170 154 164 253 182 180 226 *

46 Crab zoea 184 162 158 146 154 150 164 150

Mollusca

47 Gastropod veliger 140 130 152 * 171 210 264 *

48 Bivalve veliger 153 162 148 221 164 280 245 192

49 Larvacean

50 Oikopleura parva 210 230 250 242 264 222 232 322

51 O. dioica 364 326 * 246 * 216 342 150

Rotatoria

52 Brachionus sp. 135 164 182 276 164 180 * *

53 B. plicatilis 170 164 182 184 146 190 160 465

54 B. rubens 146 128 134 * 152 160 140 218

55 Keretella sp. 254 216 168 186 142 170 * 122

Total 9126 8681 7977 7355 8835 8264 8098 7030





2.0. Macro benthos Density and Diversity

Macrobenthos density and species diversity recorded in various stations of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai are given in

Tables 12(a) and 12(b).

TABLE 12(a) Density and Diversity of Macrobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m2

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Polychaetes

1 Ampharete acutifrons 25 25 25 50 25 * 75 75 25 50

2 Armandia longicaudata 50 * 25 25 25 50 25 25 50 25

3 Boccardia polybranchia * 25 25 25 25 25 50 75 75 50

4 Capitella capitata 50 25 50 25 50 75 25 75 25 25

5 Chone collaris 50 50 25 50 100 * 100 25 50 50

6 C. filicaudata * 25 50 * 25 75 75 75 25 25

7 Cirratulus chrysoderma 25 50 25 25 50 50 25 50 50 50

8 C. cirratus 50 * 50 50 75 25 50 25 75 25

9 Cirriformia sp. 25 50 * 25 50 50 75 75 50 *

10 Cossura coasta 25 100 50 25 50 50 100 50 25 50

11 Diopatra sp. 150 25 50 25 25 25 75 50 175 25

12 Dorvillea rudolphi 50 50 25 125 50 50 100 25 75 25

13 D. gardineri 50 125 50 50 75 50 75 75 100 50

14 Euchone rosea 125 25 100 100 100 125 175 150 125 150

15 Euclymene lumbricoides 75 50 50 50 75 50 50 75 25 75

16 Eunice sp. 25 50 25 25 25 50 50 25 50 50

17 Exogone clavator 50 50 50 75 25 50 50 25 25 75

18 Glycera benguellana 50 75 50 50 25 25 25 50 25 75




19 G. longipennis 25 25 25 * 50 50 50 25 50 50

20 Goniada emeriti 50 50 50 50 75 25 25 50 * 25

21 Nephtys dibranchis 75 * 75 25 25 50 50 75 25 50

22 Nereis sp. 50 25 50 50 50 75 75 25 25 25

23 Owenia fusiformis 25 25 75 75 25 50 50 50 25 50

24 Pisione sp 25 25 * 50 25 50 50 75 50 25

25 Pista cristata 25 25 50 100 25 25 25 25 50 50

26 Plotohelmis sp. 25 25 50 75 50 25 * 50 25 25

27 Polydora capensis 75 50 50 50 50 25 50 * 75 *

28 Prionospio cirrifera 50 25 50 50 * * 75 50 50 25

29 Pygospio elegans 25 100 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 50

30 Sabellides sp. 50 75 * 50 75 50 75 75 50 50

31 Scolelepis squamata 50 100 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

32 Syllis gracilis 75 50 25 * 25 75 50 50 25 50

Crustaceans

1 Ampithoe rubricata 50 50 25 50 50 50 25 * 25 *

2 Angeliera phreaticola * 25 50 25 50 25 50 50 50 50

3 Campylaspis sp. 25 25 75 25 75 50 75 75 50 25

4 Nannastacus sp. 50 50 25 25 50 25 25 25 75 50

5 Penaeid shrimp post larvae 50 50 50 25 25 50 50 50 25 75

6 Copepod nauplii * 75 25 25 50 75 75 25 50 25

Bivalves

1 Meretrix casta 50 50 75 25 50 50 50 50 50 25

2 Perna indica 75 75 25 25 25 75 50 50 * 50

3 P. viridis 25 25 * 75 50 25 25 25 50 *

4 Placenta placenta 50 50 50 25 75 50 50 25 75 25

5 Saccostrea cucullata 75 * 50 25 75 75 75 25 25 50

6 Crassostrea madrasensis 25 25 75 25 25 25 50 * 25 25

7 Cardium veligers 25 25 25 25 50 50 25 50 50 25

Gastropods




1 Cerithidea cingulata 75 25 50 * 75 75 50 25 50 25

2 Murex trapa 50 50 25 25 25 25 75 50 50 *

3 Natica didyma 50 50 25 25 25 25 50 50 75 75

4 Turritella attenuate 25 25 50 25 75 50 25 25 25 50

5 Umbonium vestiarium 50 25 75 * 25 25 100 25 * 50

Total 2250 2100 2075 1900 2275 2200 2775 2250 2300 2000


TABLE 12(b) Density and Diversity of Macrobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m2

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Polychaetes

1 Ampharete acutifrons 50 75 75 25 75 25 25 *

2 Armandia longicaudata 75 25 50 25 25 * 25 25

3 Boccardia polybranchia 50 25 25 25 25 50 25 25

4 Capitella capitata 75 75 75 * 75 50 75 25

5 Chone collaris 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

6 C. filicaudata 25 * 25 25 25 25 50 25

7 Cirratulus chrysoderma 50 25 50 50 50 50 75 50

8 C. cirratus 75 50 175 75 25 75 25 *

9 Cirriformia sp. 50 25 50 50 50 50 50 50

10 Cossura coasta 50 75 50 50 25 50 50 50

11 Diopatra sp. 75 25 75 75 25 50 25 75

12 Dorvillea rudolphi 25 25 25 50 25 25 50 25

13 D. gardineri 50 25 50 125 25 * 25 75

14 Euchone rosea * 50 25 * 25 75 50 150

15 Euclymene lumbricoides 75 25 50 25 25 25 25 75

16 Eunice sp. * 50 50 25 75 75 25 25

17 Exogone clavator 50 25 25 100 25 75 75 50




18 Glycera benguellana 25 50 25 25 75 25 * 25

19 G. longipennis 25 50 50 50 50 50 25 *

20 Goniada emeriti 50 25 25 25 50 25 50 25

21 Nephtys dibranchis 50 50 25 * 75 25 25 50

22 Nereis sp. 25 25 25 25 125 25 50 25

23 Owenia fusiformis * 50 125 50 50 25 75 50

24 Pisione Africana 25 75 25 75 * 75 * *

25 Pista cristata 25 25 50 25 25 25 50 25

26 Plotohelmis sp. 25 50 75 * 50 100 25 50

27 Polydora capensis 50 50 25 50 75 50 50 25

28 Prionospio cirrifera * 50 75 50 50 25 25 75

29 Pygospio elegans 25 25 25 25 25 50 50 75

30 Sabellides sp. 25 25 50 50 50 75 75 25

31 Scolelepis squamata 25 * * 75 75 25 25 50

32 Syllis gracilis 25 50 25 50 25 50 50 25

Crustaceans

1 Ampithoe rubricata 75 75 75 * 25 75 50 *

2 Angeliera phreaticola 50 50 50 25 50 * 25 25

3 Campylaspis sp. 25 25 25 * 75 25 50 50

4 Nannastacus sp. 50 25 25 25 25 25 75 50

5 Penaeid shrimp larvae * * 25 50 50 25 25 25

6 Copepod nauplii 50 75 75 25 25 75 50 50

Bivalves

1 Meretrix casta 50 25 25 25 * 25 25 50

2 Perna indica * 75 25 50 25 25 75 25

3 P. viridis 50 50 25 75 50 25 50 50

4 Placenta placenta 75 25 25 50 25 * 25 75

5 Saccostrea cucullata 50 50 * 25 50 25 50 *

6 Crassostrea madrasensis 75 * 50 50 75 50 50 25

7 Cardium veligers 50 50 75 75 50 75 50 50




Gastropods

1 Cerithidea cingulata * 25 25 50 25 25 25 50

2 Murex trapa 50 * 50 25 50 50 50 50

3 Natica didyma 75 25 25 50 * 25 50 75

4 Turritella attenuate 50 50 * 50 50 50 25 75

5 Umbonium vestiarium 50 75 25 25 * 25 50 *

Total 2050 1950 2175 2025 2100 2025 2100 2025


2.1. Meiobenthos Density and Diversity

Meiobenthos density and species diversity recorded in various stations of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai are given in

Tables 13(a) and 13(b).

TABLE 13(a) Density and Diversity of Meiobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/10cm2

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Nematodes

1 Araeolaimus longicauda * 6 8 * 4 4 6 6 8 4

2 Daptonema conicum 4 10 6 2 6 2 10 8 6 6

3 Desmoscolex sp. * 8 8 6 4 4 2 * 10 6

4 Oxystomina sp. 6 * 10 12 12 2 4 6 4 8

5 Pandolaimus sp. 14 10 8 2 0 6 10 * 4 4

6 Pselionema sp. 8 6 * 6 6 4 6 10 4 8

7 Quadricoma sp. 10 12 10 4 10 10 8 * 6 12

8 Stephanolaimus sp. * 8 6 8 4 6 2 10 4 8

9 Theristus sp. 4 6 8 4 8 6 14 8 8 4

10 Tricoma sp. 6 4 15 6 6 * 6 * 4 8




11 Viscosia sp. 12 4 * 4 2 2 2 6 * 6

Foraminiferans

1 Ammonia beccarii 6 10 8 * 8 4 6 7 4 6

2 Discorbis sp. 4 6 4 4 4 4 * 10 6 8

3 Elphidium sp. 12 4 * * 14 6 * 2 12 6

4 Eponides repandus 4 8 4 8 * 4 8 * 4 6

5 Globigerina rubber 10 6 16 4 6 6 8 2 6 4

6 Globigerinoides glutinata 4 10 * 6 6 12 4 4 10 8

7 Lagena sp. 6 6 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 *

8 Loxostomina sp. 10 * * 8 6 10 10 4 6 *

9 Nonion depressulum 6 8 7 * 4 7 6 2 10 6

10 Quinqueloculina sp. 10 4 8 4 14 * * 12 * 4

11 Rosalina globularis 12 2 6 2 * 2 10 4 11 *

12 Spirolina limbata 4 4 14 2 12 10 12 * 10 4

13 Spiroloculina sp. 8 18 6 13 15 9 6 8 16 17

14 Textularia agglutinans 8 5 6 7 7 11 7 15 6 4

Harpacticoids

1 Diarthrodes sp. 10 5 7 12 4 11 9 9 6 2

2 Metis ignea 6 12 * 8 6 8 6 5 2 7

3 Tisbe furcata 9 9 5 6 5 * 8 5 * 12

Ostrocodes

1 Candona candida 10 5 7 10 7 6 3 10 13 7

2 Cytheromorpha fuscata 9 5 8 13 12 8 10 12 8 12

3 Leguminocythereis oertlii 8 7 15 15 12 8 13 9 13 2

4 Stenocypris major 7 10 7 8 10 6 9 6 8 8

Total 227 218 211 188 218 184 211 186 213 197





TABLE 13(b) Density and Diversity of Meiobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/10cm2

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Nematodes

1 Araeolaimus longicauda * 6 10 8 8 4 4 8

2 Daptonema conicum 4 4 6 * 6 8 * 6

3 Desmoscolex sp. * * 4 4 4 6 9 4

4 Oxystomina sp. 4 6 12 6 6 * 10 4

5 Pandolaimus sp. 8 8 6 4 8 4 4 6

6 Pselionema sp. 6 * 10 8 6 6 12 10

7 Quadricoma sp. 6 10 6 10 12 4 8 12

8 Stephanolaimus sp. * 6 10 6 10 8 10 6

9 Theristus sp. 6 4 4 * 6 6 6 4

10 Tricoma sp. 4 8 4 4 4 * 4 8

11 Viscosia sp. 4 * 6 6 4 4 8 4

Foraminiferans

1 Ammonia beccarii * 2 * 4 6 12 6 10

2 Discorbis sp. 10 6 4 4 10 2 * 12

3 Elphidium sp. 4 4 6 6 6 6 4 6

4 Eponides repandus 4 * 6 * 6 6 7 8

5 Globigerina rubber 6 6 10 8 4 * 6 6

6 Globigerinoides glutinata 8 4 * 4 8 6 7 4

7 Lagena sp. 6 6 6 6 4 4 6 *

8 Loxostomina sp. 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 6

9 Nonion depressulum 12 2 8 * 6 6 6 4

10 Quinqueloculina sp. 2 4 4 2 2 2 * *

11 Rosalina globularis * 6 6 * 6 4 4 4

12 Spirolina limbata 6 4 4 6 * * 10 *




13 Spiroloculina sp. 5 2 6 7 10 9 5 6

14 Textularia agglutinans 12 2 4 5 * 14 14 *

Harpacticoids

1 Diarthrodes sp. 12 10 13 7 10 10 12 9

2 Metis ignea 8 19 5 19 5 8 7 13

3 Tisbe furcata 9 13 11 9 11 7 * 7

Ostrocodes

1 Candona candida 8 6 9 7 10 5 10 7

2 Cytheromorpha fuscata 6 4 5 10 14 11 6 12

3 Leguminocythereis oertlii 5 7 11 8 9 9 7 9

4 Stenocypris major 12 5 9 * 15 * 14 8

Total 181 168 209 172 218 173 210 203




CONCLUDING REMARKS

In the present survey, which lasted for two days (29th - 30th January 2019), the physico-

chemical and biological parameters were analyzed both in the water and sediment samples from

18 stations at ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai. The physico-chemical parameters did not

vary much except a few parameters which showed only marginal variations. Further, the results

of physico-chemical and biological parameters indicate that the water is well flushed with fair

lelvel of oxygen and ample amount of nutrient load supporting fairly good plankton population

as the planktonic organisms form the base in the food chain. The dominant diatom species

recorded during this survey were Coscinodiscus sp., Bacteriastrum sp., Chaetoceros sp.,

Rhizosolenia sp., and Asterionella sp., Further, dinoflagellate species such as Protoperidinium

sp., Peridinium sp., Dinophysis sp., and Ceratium sp., were recorded commonly during the

survey. Besides, the conservative macro benthic species like Nereis sp., Euclymene sp., Eunice

sp., Nephtys sp., and Terebellides sp., were predominantly found in the ITPCL, Parangipettai

coastal waters reflecting the stable nature of the ecosystem. Not only is that, the metal

concentration in coastal water and sediment samples indicates that it is well within the ERM

(Effective Range Median) values which means that there are no possibilities of Heavy metal

contamination in the region.

In short, comparing the values of the seawater and sediment quality besides biological

components in and around the ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai to previous months

suggests that, there was no pronounced variations in the levels of the parameters and most of the

parameters were found to be within the permissible range, which is quite common and

comparable to the levels recorded in the coastal waters elsewhere.

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