data report 164 october december 2015 · 2018. 1. 16. · 17 2. water program ... 7 gamma-emitters...

ENVIRONMENTAL

RADIATION

DATA

REPORT 164

October–December 2015

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Radiation and Indoor Air

ii

This page intentionally left blank

iii

Contents

Page

List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v

Preface ........................................................................................................................................... vii

Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... ix

Data Reporting Conventions .......................................................................................................... xi

1. Air Program ................................................................................................................................ 1

Airborne Particulates and Precipitation ...................................................................................... 1

Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates ..................................................................... 17

2. Water Program .......................................................................................................................... 19

iv


v

List of Tables

Table Page

1 Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xiii

2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 2015 2

3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 2015 6

4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 2015 10

5 Gamma-Emitters in Precipitation: October 2015 14

6 Gamma-Emitters in Precipitation: November 2015 15

7 Gamma-Emitters in Precipitation: December 2015 16

8 Tritium in Drinking Water: October–December 2015 20

9 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January–December 2015 22

vi


vii

Preface

Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data from the RadNet monitoring system

(formerly ERAMS), which is operated by the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air’s National

Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama. ERD is

published in electronic format, which is available online at http://www.epa.gov/narel. RadNet

data are also available online in a searchable database at:

http://www.epa.gov/enviro/facts/radnet

The United States Environmental Protection Agency established RadNet in 1973 with an

emphasis on identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environ-

ment. RadNet is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air

particulate, precipitation, and drinking water samples.

Sampling locations are selected to provide population and geographic coverage for the United

States. The radiation analyses performed on RadNet samples may include gross alpha and gross

beta analysis, gamma analyses, and radionuclide-specific analyses for isotopes of uranium,

plutonium, strontium, iodine, and radium, and for tritium. This monitoring effort also provides

information on natural background levels and possible releases into the environment.

viii


ix

Acknowledgments

All sampling for the RadNet monitoring system (formerly ERAMS) is performed by volunteer

collectors who are frequently members of health departments or related environmental agencies

of their respective states. The National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory

(NAREL), on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, would like to acknowledge

the time and effort of these volunteer collectors, who are so essential to the successful operation

of RadNet. The efforts of the sample collectors are especially appreciated during times of

emergency operation when sampling frequencies are increased and schedules are sometimes

demanding.

x


xi

Data Reporting Conventions

Every laboratory measurement involves uncertainty. When there is little or no radioactivity in a

sample, one consequence of measurement uncertainty is the possibility of obtaining a measured

value that is less than zero. Such a negative result occurs when random effects in the measure-

ment process cause the measured value for the sample to be less than that of the blank or back-

ground, which is subtracted from it. From April 1991 to December 1995, negative results were

reported as “not detected” or “ND,” and gamma analysis results that were less than their

estimated measurement uncertainties were also reported as “ND.” In January 1996, both of these

practices were discontinued. Although negative activities are physically impossible, the inclusion

of negative results in the report allows better statistical analysis of the data.

Results of gamma analyses are still reported as “ND” when gamma-emitting radionuclides are

not detected.

Measurement Uncertainty

Each measured value y is reported with an expanded uncertainty U = k uc(y), which is determined

from the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) and the coverage factor k = 2. The interval from

y − U to y + U is estimated to have a level of confidence of approximately 95 %.

Significant Figures

Expanded uncertainties are reported to two significant figures. Measurement results are rounded

to the corresponding number of decimal places.

Detection Capability

The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for each radionuclide are shown in Table 1.

The MDC is defined as the minimum concentration that gives a 95 % probability of detection

when the detection criteria are chosen to give only a 5 % probability of false detection in a

sample that is analyte-free.

xii


xiii

Table 1

Reporting Units and Minimum Detectable Concentrations

for Radionuclide Analyses

Radionuclide Media Reporting Unit

Minimum

Detectable

Concentration

Gross Alpha Water pCi/L 2

Gross Beta Air pCi/m³ 0.0006

Water pCi/L 2

Tritium Water pCi/L 150

* Plutonium-238,239/240 Air aCi/m³ 6

Water pCi/L 0.3

† Uranium-234,238 Air aCi/m³ 7.5

Water pCi/L 0.35

† Uranium-235 Air aCi/m³ 9

Water pCi/L 0.4

Radium-226 Water pCi/L 0.02

Strontium-90 Water pCi/L 1

‡ Iodine-131 Water (gamma) pCi/L 4

Water pCi/L 0.3

Cesium-137 Water pCi/L 5

‡ Barium-140 Water pCi/L 15

Potassium-40 Water pCi/L 50

* The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 10,000 m³. Measurement by alpha

spectrometry includes combined activities of 239Pu and 240Pu, since the relative contributions of these two

isotopes cannot be determined.

† The MDCs for air are based on an assumed total sample volume of 10,000 m3.

‡ Activity as of the day of counting.

xiv


1

1. Air Program

Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air partic-

ulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national)

impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Continuous air samplers

collect airborne particulates at field stations representing wide geographic coverage throughout

the United States.

Filters (10 cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed routinely, and the exposed

filters are sent to NAREL for analysis in a gas proportional counter. Gamma scans are performed

on all filters showing gross beta activity greater than 1 pCi/m³.

All stations routinely submit precipitation samples as rainfall, snow, or sleet occurs. The precip-

itation samples are composited at NAREL into single monthly samples for each station. Each

month that precipitation occurs, an aliquant of the composited sample is analyzed for gamma-

emitting radionuclides.

2

Table 2

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates October 2015

Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

AK: Anchorage

AK: Fairbanks

AK: Juneau

AL: Birmingham

AL: Mobile

AL: Montgomery/408

AR: Fort Smith

AR: Little Rock

AZ: Phoenix/956

AZ: Tucson

CA: Anaheim

CA: Bakersfield

CA: Eureka

CA: Los Angeles

CA: Richmond

CA: Riverside

CA: Sacramento

CA: San Bernardino Cty.

CA: San Diego

CA: San Francisco

CA: San Jose

CO: Colorado Springs

CO: Denver

CT: Hartford

DC: Washington

DE: Dover

FL: Jacksonville

FL: Miami

FL: Orlando

FL: Tallahassee

GA: Atlanta

GA: Augusta

HI: Honolulu

IA: Des Moines

IA: Mason City

ID: Boise

ID: Idaho Falls

IL: Aurora

4

7

5

9

5

7

4

9

5

1

7

1

5

3

4

7

7

6

1

9

6

4

8

10

7

4

4

5

6

4

4

5

9

9

1

6

9

1

0.004

0.008

0.003

0.011

0.016

0.010

0.012

0.015

0.014

0.009

0.015

0.007

0.008

0.016

0.010

0.019

0.022

0.019

0.008

0.013

0.010

0.020

0.026

0.010

0.015

0.005

0.007

0.010

0.005

0.008

0.009

0.008

0.004

0.009

0.010

0.015

0.013

0.011

0.002

0.003

0.001

0.003

0.005

0.002

0.007

0.006

0.006

0.009

0.008

0.007

0.003

0.007

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.008

0.003

0.005

0.010

0.006

0.002

0.004

0.002

0.002

0.004

0.002

0.003

0.003

0.002

0.002

0.002

0.010

0.005

0.005

0.011

0.003

0.004

0.002

0.006

0.009

0.005

0.009

0.009

0.009

0.009

0.010

0.007

0.005

0.011

0.008

0.011

0.015

0.013

0.008

0.007

0.007

0.016

0.015

0.005

0.008

0.004

0.004

0.006

0.003

0.005

0.007

0.006

0.003

0.005

0.010

0.010

0.010

0.011

3

Table 2 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

IL: Champaign

IL: Chicago

IN: Fort Wayne

IN: Indianapolis

KS: Kansas City

KS: Wichita

KY: Lexington

KY: Louisville

KY: Paducah

LA: Baton Rouge

LA: Shreveport

MA: Boston

MA: Worcester

MD: Baltimore

ME: Orono

ME: Portland

MI: Bay City 48708

MI: Detroit

MI: Grand Rapids

MN: Duluth

MN: St. Paul

MO: Jefferson City

MO: Springfield

MS: Jackson/Deq

MT: Billings

NC: Charlotte

NC: Greensboro

NC: Raleigh

NC: Wilmington

ND: Bismarck

NE: Lincoln

NE: Omaha

NH: Concord

NJ: Edison

NM: Carlsbad

NM: Navajo Lake St Park

NV: Las Vegas/913

NV: Reno

6

6

2

7

7

6

7

5

7

8

4

10

7

5

3

3

7

8

5

4

2

7

8

3

3

9

1

4

4

6

9

2

4

5

6

2

1

9

0.020

0.008

0.008

0.008

0.017

0.013

0.015

0.010

0.012

0.013

0.014

0.012

0.007

0.011

0.006

0.009

0.008

0.015

0.013

0.005

0.014

0.014

0.019

0.018

0.014

0.017

0.004

0.008

0.006

0.012

0.011

0.016

0.011

0.008

0.019

0.011

0.007

0.018

0.005

0.003

0.005

0.003

0.006

0.006

0.007

0.004

0.006

0.003

0.008

0.002

0.002

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.003

0.007

0.005

0.007

0.006

0.011

0.002

0.004

0.001

0.002

0.004

0.004

0.006

0.003

0.003

0.006

0.010

0.007

0.009

0.012

0.005

0.007

0.006

0.010

0.010

0.009

0.008

0.009

0.008

0.010

0.005

0.004

0.006

0.005

0.006

0.005

0.007

0.009

0.004

0.010

0.009

0.011

0.011

0.012

0.009

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.009

0.008

0.011

0.006

0.005

0.012

0.011

0.007

0.013

4

Table 2 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

NY: Albany

NY: Lockport

NY: New York City

NY: Syracuse

NY: Yaphank

OH: Cincinnati

OH: Cleveland

OH: Toledo

OK: Oklahoma City

OK: Tulsa

OR: Corvallis

OR: Portland

PA: Bloomsburg

PA: Philadelphia

PA: Pittsburgh

PR: San Juan

RI: Providence

SC: Columbia

SD: Pierre

SD: Rapid City

TN: Knoxville

TN: Memphis

TN: Nashville

TN: Oak Ridge/Bethel

TN: Oak Ridge/K25

TN: Oak Ridge/Melton

TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E

TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W

TX: Amarillo

TX: Austin

TX: Corpus Christi

TX: Dallas

TX: El Paso

TX: Ft. Worth

TX: Harlingen

TX: Houston

TX: Laredo

TX: Lubbock

3

7

4

1

5

8

9

8

9

8

9

9

7

1

4

6

3

7

8

6

2

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

5

3

8

2

9

2

2

4

5

7

0.010

0.011

0.007

0.005

0.007

0.014

0.012

0.012

0.022

0.015

0.012

0.016

0.007

0.005

0.011

0.005

0.007

0.012

0.016

0.016

0.015

0.018

0.013

0.018

0.017

0.010

0.016

0.016

0.021

0.016

0.013

0.019

0.023

0.017

0.010

0.013

0.011

0.015

0.005

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.003

0.009

0.007

0.003

0.003

0.001

0.005

0.003

0.002

0.004

0.003

0.005

0.006

0.002

0.006

0.004

0.001

0.002

0.001

0.002

0.002

0.009

0.010

0.003

0.011

0.006

0.005

0.009

0.003

0.007

0.007

0.007

0.006

0.005

0.005

0.004

0.007

0.008

0.007

0.013

0.010

0.007

0.008

0.003

0.005

0.008

0.003

0.006

0.008

0.009

0.012

0.009

0.010

0.010

0.010

0.009

0.006

0.009

0.009

0.016

0.012

0.008

0.015

0.011

0.011

0.010

0.008

0.009

0.009

5

Table 2 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

TX: San Angelo

TX: San Antonio

UT: Salt Lake City

UT: St. George

VA: Harrisonburg

VA: Richmond

VA: Virginia Beach

VT: Burlington

WA: Olympia

WA: Richland

WA: Seattle

WA: Spokane

WI: Lacrosse

WI: Madison

WI: Milwaukee

WI: Shawano

WV: Charleston

WY: Casper

9

9

7

3

9

4

9

9

8

7

5

9

5

7

9

7

5

3

0.030

0.014

0.011

0.010

0.014

0.009

0.010

0.008

0.013

0.017

0.010

0.017

0.007

0.016

0.018

0.013

0.013

0.011

0.007

0.003

0.005

0.007

0.003

0.003

0.002

0.002

0.003

0.006

0.005

0.005

0.003

0.005

0.005

0.004

0.004

0.007

0.015

0.009

0.009

0.009

0.008

0.007

0.006

0.004

0.007

0.010

0.007

0.010

0.005

0.009

0.009

0.007

0.008

0.009

6

Table 3

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates November 2015

Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

AK: Anchorage

AK: Fairbanks

AK: Juneau

AL: Birmingham

AL: Mobile

AL: Montgomery/408

AR: Fort Smith

AR: Little Rock

AZ: Phoenix/956

AZ: Yuma

CA: Anaheim

CA: Eureka

CA: Fresno

CA: Los Angeles

CA: Richmond

CA: Riverside

CA: Sacramento


CA: San Diego

CA: San Francisco

CA: San Jose


CO: Denver

CT: Hartford

DC: Washington

DE: Dover

FL: Jacksonville

FL: Miami

FL: Orlando

FL: Tallahassee

GA: Atlanta

GA: Augusta

HI: Honolulu

IA: Des Moines

IA: Mason City

ID: Boise

ID: Idaho Falls

IL: Aurora

1

7

4

9

1

8

4

6

5

4

7

4

2

4

4

8

6

7

3

9

5

2

8

7

5

5

2

4

6

4

2

4

8

6

5

2

8

4

0.004

0.021

0.003

0.008

0.007

0.009

0.011

0.013

0.015

0.012

0.009

0.003

0.018

0.009

0.008

0.009

0.024

0.010

0.009

0.010

0.012

0.011

0.018

0.009

0.014

0.011

0.008

0.005

0.007

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.003

0.005

0.012

0.004

0.016

0.011

0.004

0.005

0.001

0.003

0.007

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.006

0.004

0.002

0.013

0.006

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.005

0.005

0.002

0.003

0.010

0.006

0.003

0.006

0.003

0.004

0.003

0.002

0.003

0.005

0.003

0.001

0.004

0.007

0.004

0.004

0.008

0.004

0.009

0.002

0.005

0.007

0.006

0.008

0.009

0.008

0.010

0.008

0.003

0.016

0.008

0.006

0.007

0.014

0.008

0.007

0.006

0.006

0.010

0.009

0.005

0.009

0.005

0.006

0.004

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.002

0.004

0.009

0.004

0.008

0.010

7

Table 3 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

IL: Champaign

IL: Chicago

IN: Fort Wayne

IN: Indianapolis

KS: Kansas City

KS: Wichita

KY: Lexington

KY: Louisville

KY: Paducah

LA: Baton Rouge

LA: Shreveport

MA: Boston

MA: Worcester

MD: Baltimore

ME: Orono

MI: Bay City 48708

MI: Detroit

MI: Grand Rapids

MN: Duluth

MN: St. Paul

MO: Jefferson City

MO: Springfield

MO: St. Louis

MS: Jackson/Deq

MT: Billings

NC: Charlotte

NC: Greensboro

NC: Raleigh

NC: Wilmington

ND: Bismarck

NE: Kearney

NE: Lincoln

NE: Omaha

NH: Concord

NJ: Edison

NM: Carlsbad


NV: Las Vegas/913

8

8

5

9

8

7

4

4

8

6

3

9

8

7

4

7

8

4

8

4

9

6

4

5

4

7

2

4

4

8

7

9

5

4

6

4

3

7

0.016

0.011

0.011

0.009

0.013

0.010

0.016

0.009

0.011

0.009

0.012

0.009

0.014

0.009

0.012

0.012

0.013

0.015

0.013

0.016

0.010

0.011

0.011

0.009

0.009

0.011

0.007

0.007

0.008

0.017

0.015

0.010

0.016

0.008

0.008

0.009

0.008

0.010

0.007

0.004

0.006

0.005

0.004

0.004

0.007

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.008

0.003

0.005

0.004

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.009

0.005

0.009

0.004

0.005

0.007

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.004

0.004

0.008

0.004

0.003

0.005

0.006

0.003

0.011

0.008

0.009

0.007

0.008

0.007

0.010

0.007

0.008

0.007

0.009

0.006

0.008

0.006

0.006

0.007

0.009

0.011

0.009

0.012

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.008

0.007

0.008

0.006

0.005

0.005

0.010

0.010

0.007

0.013

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.007

0.007

8

Table 3 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

NV: Reno

NY: Albany

NY: Lockport

NY: New York City

NY: Rochester

NY: Syracuse

NY: Yaphank

OH: Cincinnati

OH: Cleveland

OH: Columbus

OH: Toledo

OK: Oklahoma City

OK: Tulsa

OR: Corvallis

OR: Portland

PA: Bloomsburg

PA: Philadelphia

PA: Pittsburgh

PR: San Juan

RI: Providence

SC: Columbia

SD: Pierre

SD: Rapid City

TN: Knoxville

TN: Memphis

TN: Nashville


TN: Oak Ridge/K25


TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E

TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W

TX: Amarillo

TX: Corpus Christi

TX: Dallas

TX: El Paso

TX: Ft. Worth

TX: Harlingen

TX: Houston

8

7

9

3

1

2

5

7

9

1

8

8

8

5

8

8

3

5

8

3

7

9

5

5

8

6

8

8

8

8

8

3

8

7

8

1

2

7

0.013

0.015

0.012

0.007

0.009

0.006

0.006

0.011

0.016

0.007

0.013

0.012

0.011

0.015

0.010

0.006

0.010

0.010

0.005

0.007

0.009

0.012

0.009

0.009

0.015

0.012

0.014

0.013

0.010

0.019

0.012

0.017

0.009

0.014

0.010

0.009

0.010

0.008

0.005

0.004

0.004

0.003

0.009

0.005

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.007

0.005

0.004

0.005

0.003

0.001

0.003

0.006

0.007

0.001

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.006

0.005

0.006

0.006

0.006

0.004

0.006

0.005

0.012

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.009

0.005

0.006

0.009

0.008

0.007

0.005

0.009

0.005

0.005

0.008

0.009

0.007

0.010

0.009

0.008

0.007

0.004

0.004

0.008

0.008

0.003

0.006

0.006

0.008

0.007

0.007

0.009

0.009

0.010

0.009

0.006

0.010

0.008

0.014

0.007

0.010

0.007

0.009

0.008

0.007

9

Table 3 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

TX: Laredo

TX: Lubbock

TX: San Angelo

TX: San Antonio

UT: Salt Lake City

UT: St. George

VA: Harrisonburg

VA: Richmond

VA: Virginia Beach

VT: Burlington

WA: Olympia

WA: Richland

WA: Seattle

WA: Spokane

WI: Lacrosse

WI: Madison

WI: Milwaukee

WI: Shawano

WV: Charleston

WY: Casper

5

6

8

8

3

4

8

4

8

5

8

4

3

5

4

8

8

6

4

3

0.008

0.008

0.013

0.010

0.009

0.014

0.013

0.008

0.010

0.013

0.009

0.007

0.005

0.007

0.008

0.015

0.017

0.013

0.013

0.006

0.006

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.008

0.009

0.005

0.004

0.004

0.004

0.002

0.003

0.002

0.002

0.006

0.006

0.008

0.005

0.007

0.005

0.007

0.007

0.010

0.007

0.008

0.011

0.008

0.006

0.007

0.007

0.005

0.004

0.003

0.004

0.007

0.011

0.013

0.008

0.009

0.006

10

Table 4

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates December 2015

Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

AK: Fairbanks

AK: Juneau

AL: Birmingham

AL: Mobile

AL: Montgomery/408

AR: Little Rock

AZ: Tucson

AZ: Yuma

CA: Anaheim

CA: Bakersfield

CA: Eureka

CA: Los Angeles

CA: Richmond

CA: Riverside

CA: Sacramento


CA: San Diego

CA: San Francisco

CA: San Jose


CO: Denver

CT: Hartford

DC: Washington

DE: Dover

FL: Jacksonville

FL: Miami

FL: Orlando

FL: Tallahassee

FL: Tampa

GA: Atlanta

GA: Augusta

HI: Honolulu

IA: Des Moines

IA: Mason City

ID: Boise

ID: Idaho Falls

IL: Aurora

IL: Champaign

5

6

7

2

8

7

1

1

9

3

5

4

5

3

8

9

4

8

7

4

3

9

8

5

5

5

7

4

6

3

5

10

8

4

4

8

5

9

0.017

0.004

0.015

0.006

0.015

0.016

0.014

0.020

0.019

0.021

0.006

0.011

0.013

0.015

0.017

0.015

0.012

0.027

0.018

0.014

0.006

0.014

0.025

0.019

0.010

0.003

0.008

0.008

0.011

0.018

0.009

0.005

0.015

0.019

0.020

0.033

0.020

0.026

0.008

0.001

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.008

0.014

0.020

0.003

0.004

0.001

0.005

0.003

0.010

0.004

0.003

0.005

0.002

0.002

0.006

0.005

0.003

0.005

0.004

0.003

0.002

0.002

0.003

0.003

0.009

0.002

0.001

0.002

0.009

0.002

0.003

0.010

0.004

0.012

0.002

0.008

0.004

0.007

0.011

0.014

0.020

0.009

0.013

0.002

0.008

0.006

0.012

0.010

0.009

0.008

0.006

0.005

0.010

0.006

0.007

0.013

0.009

0.006

0.002

0.005

0.006

0.006

0.013

0.006

0.003

0.007

0.013

0.010

0.012

0.013

0.015

11

Table 4 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

IL: Chicago

IN: Fort Wayne

IN: Indianapolis

KS: Kansas City

KS: Wichita

KY: Lexington

KY: Louisville

KY: Paducah

LA: Baton Rouge

LA: Shreveport

MA: Boston

MA: Worcester

MD: Baltimore

ME: Orono

ME: Portland

MI: Bay City 48708

MI: Detroit

MI: Grand Rapids

MN: Duluth

MN: St. Paul

MO: Jefferson City

MO: Springfield

MO: St. Louis

MS: Jackson/Deq

MT: Billings

NC: Charlotte

NC: Greensboro

NC: Raleigh

NC: Wilmington

ND: Bismarck

NE: Kearney

NE: Lincoln

NE: Omaha

NH: Concord

NJ: Edison

NM: Albuquerque

NM: Carlsbad


8

3

8

9

5

5

6

7

8

4

9

8

7

3

7

7

9

5

9

4

9

7

3

4

2

8

2

3

5

9

5

8

4

5

6

2

6

4

0.021

0.021

0.017

0.026

0.017

0.027

0.018

0.021

0.015

0.009

0.011

0.017

0.020

0.009

0.012

0.019

0.021

0.021

0.028

0.026

0.019

0.020

0.018

0.014

0.016

0.023

0.005

0.009

0.009

0.034

0.018

0.027

0.023

0.013

0.022

0.014

0.011

0.010

0.003

0.008

0.004

0.008

0.008

0.009

0.004

0.004

0.003

0.005

0.004

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.004

0.004

0.009

0.002

0.012

0.005

0.007

0.010

0.003

0.009

0.003

0.005

0.004

0.002

0.005

0.007

0.006

0.007

0.004

0.004

0.011

0.005

0.008

0.011

0.016

0.010

0.015

0.012

0.016

0.011

0.012

0.008

0.008

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.006

0.007

0.011

0.011

0.013

0.012

0.018

0.012

0.012

0.014

0.010

0.013

0.012

0.005

0.007

0.005

0.017

0.013

0.015

0.016

0.007

0.010

0.012

0.008

0.009

12

Table 4 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

NV: Las Vegas/913

NV: Reno

NY: Albany

NY: Lockport

NY: New York City

NY: Rochester

NY: Syracuse

NY: Yaphank

OH: Cincinnati

OH: Cleveland

OH: Columbus

OH: Toledo

OK: Oklahoma City

OK: Tulsa

OR: Corvallis

OR: Portland

PA: Bloomsburg

PA: Philadelphia

PA: Pittsburgh

PR: San Juan

RI: Providence

SC: Columbia

SD: Pierre

SD: Rapid City

TN: Knoxville

TN: Memphis

TN: Nashville


TN: Oak Ridge/K25


TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E

TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 W

TX: Amarillo

TX: Austin

TX: Corpus Christi

TX: Dallas

TX: El Paso

TX: Ft. Worth

2

5

7

8

5

6

1

6

9

9

5

6

8

10

9

9

7

2

3

9

3

5

8

3

4

8

8

7

7

7

7

7

4

3

8

3

8

5

0.014

0.007

0.017

0.024

0.023

0.029

0.006

0.015

0.018

0.033

0.027

0.028

0.026

0.017

0.021

0.026

0.025

0.026

0.019

0.003

0.008

0.016

0.037

0.009

0.016

0.016

0.020

0.025

0.024

0.015

0.023

0.021

0.022

0.014

0.014

0.015

0.014

0.016

0.004

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.005

0.007

0.006

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.010

0.009

0.006

0.001

0.001

0.003

0.008

0.006

0.001

0.006

0.004

0.006

0.005

0.003

0.005

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.003

0.005

0.004

0.011

0.010

0.007

0.008

0.004

0.004

0.009

0.004

0.008

0.012

0.012

0.014

0.006

0.009

0.010

0.014

0.010

0.015

0.013

0.011

0.005

0.008

0.010

0.017

0.014

0.002

0.007

0.011

0.016

0.007

0.010

0.010

0.011

0.014

0.013

0.009

0.013

0.011

0.016

0.011

0.009

0.012

0.008

0.009

13

Table 4 (continued)


Location

Number

of

Samples

NAREL Lab

Measurement

Max Min Avg

(pCi/m³)

TX: Harlingen

TX: Houston

TX: Laredo

TX: Lubbock

TX: San Angelo

TX: San Antonio

UT: Salt Lake City

UT: St. George

VA: Harrisonburg

VA: Richmond

VA: Virginia Beach

VT: Burlington

WA: Olympia

WA: Richland

WA: Seattle

WA: Spokane

WI: Lacrosse

WI: Madison

WI: Milwaukee

WI: Shawano

WV: Charleston

WY: Casper

1

8

4

6

5

8

4

2

7

5

7

10

8

2

3

7

4

8

8

8

5

2

0.007

0.016

0.014

0.009

0.021

0.017

0.018

0.014

0.021

0.014

0.024

0.017

0.018

0.011

0.004

0.038

0.014

0.029

0.018

0.026

0.025

0.005

0.007

0.003

0.006

0.005

0.004

0.004

0.004

0.012

0.005

0.004

0.003

0.003

0.001

0.007

0.002

0.002

0.005

0.006

0.005

0.002

0.002

0.004

0.007

0.008

0.010

0.007

0.012

0.010

0.009

0.013

0.012

0.008

0.010

0.008

0.004

0.009

0.003

0.008

0.011

0.016

0.012

0.012

0.013

0.004

14

Table 5

Gamma-Emitters in Precipitation October 2015

Location Nuclide pCi/L ± 2u

AL: Montgomery/408

AR: Little Rock

CT: Hartford

GA: Atlanta

HI: Honolulu

ID: Idaho Falls

MA: Boston

MN: St. Paul

MN: Welch/510

NC: Charlotte

NC: Wilmington

NH: Concord

NY: Albany

OR: Portland

PA: Harrisburg

TN: Knoxville

TN: Nashville

TN: Oak Ridge/K25


TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E

TX: Austin

UT: Salt Lake City

VA: Lynchburg

WA: Olympia

Be-7

K-40

K-40

Be-7

K-40

Be-7

K-40

Ra-228

K-40

ND

ND

36

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

19

ND

11

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

29

19

ND

40

15

4.4

ND

ND

16

20

10

11

19

13

21

14

4.0

12

15

Table 6

Gamma-Emitters in Precipitation November 2015


AL: Montgomery/408

AR: Little Rock

CA: Richmond

CT: Hartford

GA: Atlanta

HI: Honolulu

ID: Idaho Falls

KS: Kansas City

MA: Boston

MN: St. Paul

MN: Welch/510

NC: Charlotte

NY: Albany

OR: Portland

PA: Harrisburg

TN: Knoxville

TN: Nashville

TN: Oak Ridge/K25


TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E

TX: Austin

UT: Salt Lake City

VA: Lynchburg

Be-7

Be-7

K-40

ND

ND

22

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

33

ND

ND

ND

ND

13

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

18

21

12

16

Table 7

Gamma-Emitters in Precipitation December 2015


AL: Montgomery/408

AR: Little Rock

CA: Richmond

CT: Hartford

GA: Atlanta

HI: Honolulu

ID: Idaho Falls

KS: Kansas City

MA: Boston

MN: Welch/510

NC: Charlotte

NY: Albany

OR: Portland

PA: Harrisburg

TN: Knoxville

TN: Nashville

TN: Oak Ridge/K25


TN: Oak Ridge/Y12 E

TX: Austin

UT: Salt Lake City

VA: Lynchburg

Be-7

Be-7

Be-7

K-40

Be-7

Be-7

Be-7

ND

31

ND

39

16

24

ND

24

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

74

ND

ND

17

ND

15

18

13

14

14

26

14

17

Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates

Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis

of annually composited samples (air filters) collected from the airborne particulate

samplers. Plutonium and uranium results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of the

following year.

Concentrations of plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239 and 240, and uranium-234,

235, and 238 are determined by alpha-particle spectrometry following chemical

separation. The total volume of air represented by all the samples received from one

sampling location during a year typically ranges from 120,000 m3 to 500,000 m

3. The

aliquot analyzed is a fraction of the total volume and is typically between 5,000 m3 and

30,000 m3.

18


19

2. Drinking Water Program

The RadNet drinking water program provides data on radionuclide concentrations in the nation’s

drinking water supplies. Sampling sites are either major population centers or selected nuclear

facility environs.

Drinking water data are used to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations. The analysis

scheme for RadNet samples is similar to that of EPA’s “National Interim Primary Drinking

Water Regulations.” The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross

beta, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/L and

radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L on annual composites; (d) iodine-131

on one quarterly sample per year for each station; (e) plutonium-238, combined plutonium-239

and 240, and uranium-234, 235, and 238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater

than 2 pCi/L on annual composites; and (f) strontium-90 on one-fourth of the annual composites

on a four year rotating schedule. Composite results are published in the ERD for the third quarter of

the following year.

RadNet drinking water data should not be used to monitor compliance with drinking water regu-

lations or for comparisons to those data since different procedures for collection and analysis

may be used.

20

Table 8

Tritium in Drinking Water October–December 2015

Location

Date

Collected

3H

pCi/L ± 2u

AK: Fairbanks

AL: Dothan

AL: Montgomery

AL: Muscle Shoals

AL: Scottsboro

AR: Little Rock

CT: Hartford

DE: Dover

FL: Miami

FL: Tampa

GA: Savannah

HI: Honolulu

IA: Cedar Rapids

ID: Idaho Falls

KS: Topeka

LA: New Orleans

MD: Baltimore

MD: Conowingo

MI: Detroit

MN: St. Paul

MN: Welch

MO: Jefferson City

MT: Helena

ND: Bismarck

NE: Lincoln

NH: Concord

NJ: Trenton

NJ: Waretown

NM: Santa Fe

NY: Albany

NY: New York City

NY: Niagara Falls

NY: Syracuse

OH: Columbus

OH: E. Liverpool

OH: Painesville

OH: Toledo

OK: Oklahoma City

OR: Portland

PA: Pittsburgh

10/29/15

10/05/15

10/05/15

10/08/15

10/06/15

10/27/15

12/16/15

10/13/15

12/30/15

12/29/15

12/11/15

11/12/15

10/22/15

11/09/15

12/10/15

12/04/15

10/15/15

10/06/15

10/13/15

10/06/15

10/06/15

10/09/15

12/18/15

10/15/15

10/08/15

11/16/15

10/26/15

10/27/15

11/18/15

12/30/15

12/17/15

10/26/15

12/24/15

12/08/15

11/02/15

12/16/15

11/02/15

12/31/15

12/31/15

11/03/15

24

−75

38

90

235

0

10

39

−6

67

24

10

70

−33

33

48

29

14

320

−4

−56

−23

−4

69

666

6

35

6

42

−2

37

43

68

−14

40

11

67

−6

9

19

61

68

66

70

77

60

61

93

77

81

79

62

94

60

64

64

94

67

110

66

62

63

60

96

99

61

64

62

63

78

79

65

80

61

66

60

65

77

78

63

21

Table 8 (continued)

Tritium in Drinking Water October–December 2015

Location

Date

Collected

3H

pCi/L ± 2u

SC: Barnwell

SC: Columbia

SC: Jenkinsville

SC: Seneca

TN: Knoxville

TN: Oak Ridge/#360

TN: Oak Ridge/#371

TN: Oak Ridge/#768

TN: Oak Ridge/#772

TX: Austin

WA: Richland

10/21/15

10/15/15

10/14/15

10/07/15

10/20/15

10/06/15

10/06/15

10/06/15

10/06/15

11/15/15

11/03/15

144

−31

19

−36

132

−84

−43

−34

6

13

60

97

91

94

71

97

70

69

71

72

61

65

22

Table 9

Iodine-131 in Drinking Water January–December 2015

Location

Date

Collected

131I

pCi/L ± 2u

AK: Fairbanks

AL: Dothan

AL: Montgomery

AL: Muscle Shoals

AL: Scottsboro

AR: Little Rock

CO: Denver

CT: Hartford

DE: Dover

FL: Miami

FL: Tampa

GA: Baxley

GA: Savannah

HI: Honolulu

IA: Cedar Rapids

ID: Idaho Falls

IL: Morris

KS: Topeka

LA: New Orleans

MD: Baltimore

MD: Conowingo

MI: Detroit

MN: St. Paul

MN: Welch

MO: Jefferson City

MS: Jackson

MS: Port Gibson

MT: Helena

ND: Bismarck

NE: Lincoln

NH: Concord

NJ: Trenton

NJ: Waretown

NM: Santa Fe

NV: Las Vegas

NY: Albany

NY: New York City

NY: Niagara Falls

NY: Syracuse

OH: Columbus

OH: E. Liverpool

08/18/15

01/09/15

05/01/15

01/07/15

01/06/15

07/07/15

07/30/15

04/07/15

04/13/15

03/26/15

03/30/15

05/18/15

12/11/15

02/17/15

02/20/15

02/26/15

02/17/15

01/28/15

01/30/15

07/21/15

10/06/15

01/05/15

01/20/15

01/20/15

01/28/15

08/17/15

08/11/15

03/30/15

04/27/15

01/07/15

11/16/15

07/13/15

07/15/15

04/08/15

01/15/15

12/30/15

03/26/15

07/31/15

07/24/15

08/18/15

01/28/15

0.07

0.04

0.13

0.06

0.26

0.06

−0.13

0.14

0.03

−0.08

0.09

0.02

0.8

0.08

−0.01

0.19

0.29

0.17

0.19

−0.18

0.23

0.02

−0.05

0.21

0.02

−0.02

−0.08

−0.08

0.19

−0.04

1.2

0.13

0.10

0.52

0.06

−0.09

0.11

0.22

0.11

0.05

0.62

0.23

0.19

0.19

0.17

0.20

0.29

0.55

0.18

0.24

0.27

0.19

0.42

1.4

0.21

0.17

0.18

0.45

0.36

0.15

0.42

0.20

0.17

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.37

0.21

0.19

0.47

0.20

1.4

0.18

0.29

0.17

0.20

0.33

0.32

0.17

0.22

0.26

0.20

23

Table 9 (continued)

Iodine-131 in Drinking Water January–December 2015

Location

Date

Collected

131I

pCi/L ± 2u

OH: Painesville

OH: Toledo

OK: Oklahoma City

OR: Portland

PA: Harrisburg

PA: Pittsburgh

RI: Providence

SC: Barnwell

SC: Columbia

SC: Jenkinsville

SC: Seneca

TN: Knoxville

TN: Knoxville

TN: Oak Ridge/#360

TN: Oak Ridge/#371

TN: Oak Ridge/#768

TN: Oak Ridge/#772

TX: Austin

WA: Richland

WI: Madison

02/24/15

05/13/15

03/24/15

12/31/15

09/28/15

11/03/15

07/07/15

07/20/15

01/28/15

07/08/15

07/08/15

07/09/15

10/20/15

01/05/15

01/05/15

01/05/15

01/05/15

01/14/15

05/12/15

04/13/15

0.12

−0.23

0.16

0.00

0.06

0.15

0.05

0.33

0.13

0.02

0.21

−0.11

0.05

0.11

−0.01

−0.05

0.06

0.38

0.01

0.04

0.16

0.39

0.41

0.16

0.41

0.14

0.32

0.52

0.20

0.26

0.27

0.24

0.39

0.19

0.20

0.19

0.16

0.46

0.22

0.43

24


25

For More Information

Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.

Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet and the data that are generated

should be directed as follows:

Requests for information concerning the operation of RadNet, the data that are generated, or

publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:

Charles M. Petko

Office of the Director

National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory

540 South Morris Avenue

Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601

email: [email protected]

Requests for information concerning policies of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air should be

directed to:

Jonathan Edwards

USEPA - ORIA

Radiation Protection Division (MC6608J)

1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.

Washington, DC 20460

email: [email protected]

***

26


data report 164 october december 2015 · 2018. 1. 16. · 17 2. water program ... 7 gamma-emitters...

Documents