Data for Development

Dr Dikshita Padalkar

What is Economic Development?

• sustained, concerned actions of policy makers and communities that promote standard of living and economic health of a specific area.

• quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy.

Economics - the art of making choices

Limited Resources & Unlimited Wants

Interconnected Economy

What gets measured gets managed

How is it measured?• Economic Growth arises from Economic Development ?

• Economic Development Measures - e.g.– Development of Human Capital– Critical Infrastructure– Regional Competitiveness– Environmental Sustainability– Social Inclusion– Health– Safety– Literacy

Data from Statistics SAData Measures Frequency

Census

GDP

CPI

PPI

LFS

Other Sources of Data : AMPS, SARBUseful Publications MDG , BRICS

Key Issues• Fear of Economics• Fear of Statistics• Choice of Correct Indicators• Monitoring of Correct Indicators• Measurement & Collection of Data• Interpreting the Data• Implementing Policies• Monitoring the Implementation

Key Stakeholders

Different Information Needs

Data

Communities

Government

Investors

Media

Data & Interpretation

Data available tell a story

For the Real picture Understand the unmeasured

ends of the story

Rand - Dollar

• Short term fluctuations & long term trends• Impact on different stakeholders• Consider all variables, forces

Big Data: The Future?

Department based development

FUNDS

Dept

NATIONAL TREASURY

DeptDeptDept

PROVINCIAL GOVT

LIASION

TRANSPORTHEALTHEDUCATIONHOUSING

• Operational silos• Dissipated impact

Area based development

Area 1

NATIONAL TREASURY

Area 2

Area 3

Area 4

(Ward or District)

Funds Funds

Expe

nditu

re

Funds

Provincial Treasury

Disbursement

AREA

IMPACT AREA 1

Area Mgt Forum

Type of institution

Province

Western Cape

Eastern Cape

Northern Cape

Free State

KwaZulu-Natal

North West

Gauteng

Mpumulanga

Limpopo

South Africa

Pre-school 4,6 2,4 3,6 3,6 2,2 2,6 4,1 3,4 2,1 3,1School 84,3 92,4 91,3 867 91,9 89,6 79,3 90,3 92,4 88,3ABET 0,3 0,7 0,5 0,9 0,4 1,1 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6Literacy classes 0,2 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1Higher education institutes

6,4 2,1 1,9 5,0 3,2 3,5 9,1 2,2 2,0 4,4

FET 1,7 1,2 1,7 3,0 1,7 2,1 4,3 1,8 2,2 2,3Other colleges 1,5 0,4 0,7 0,6 0,4 0,5 1,7 1,7 0,5 0,9Other 0,2 0,3 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,2Subtotal (thousand)

1 474 2 291 325 795 3 379 1 019 3 086 1 319 2 005 15 692

Unspecified(thousands)

12 9 1 1 5 4 17 1 4 55

Total (thousand) 1 486 2300 326 796 3 384 1 023 3 103 1 320 2 009 15 747

Percentage of persons aged 5 years and older attending educational institutions by province and type of institution, 2012

Unspecified was excluded from the denominator when calculating percentages

Source: General Household Survey, 2012, StatsSA

Problems experienced in public schools

Province [% of learners]

Western Cape

Eastern Cape

Northern Cape

Free State

KwaZulu-Natal

North West

Gauteng

Mpumulanga

Limpopo

South Africa

Lack of books 3,2 8,1 3,2 5,5 7,3 7,3 4,4 4,1 11,4 6,6

Poor teaching 2,3 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 1,8 2,2

Lack of teachers 1,9 4,2 1,2 1,7 5,7 2,1 1,5 2,2 1,8 3,1

Facilities bad 2,4 5,1 3,7 3,8 7,2 3,5 1,8 4,1 2,0 4,1

Fees too high 4,9 2,2 1,8 1,1 3,1 4,2 4,7 2,5 1,5 3,1

Classes too large

6,6 3,2 2,8 1,9 7,0 5,2 5,5 2,6 2,4 4,7

Teachers absent 2,9 1,5 1,7 2,0 2,0 3,9 2,1 1,6 1,5 2,0

Teachers strike 1,1 1,7 0,7 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,1 1,0 0,9

Nature of the problems experienced at public schools per province, 2012

Source: General Household Survey, 2012, StatsSA

No money for fees

Family commitments

Illness and disability

Poor academic performance

Education is useless

Working at home

Completed education

Getting to school

other

Male 23,9 0,8 11,1 20,2 15,7 10,7 8,0 0,8 8,8Female 26,1 25,6 9,6 14,4 7,1 4,6 3,4 0,4 8,8RSA 25,0 13,5 10,3 17,2 11,3 7,6 5,6 0,6 8,8

Western Cape

Eastern Cape

Northern Cape

Free State

KwaZulu-Natal

North West

Gauteng Mpuma-langa

Limpopo SouthAfrica

2002 66,6 77,2 67,6 74,4 72,5 70,2 70,7 78,5 80,2 73,62012 69,6 76,2 71,2 71,7 75,5 72,3 71,7 73,4 79,9 74,1

Main reasons given by persons aged 7 to 18 years for not attending an educational institution, 2012 [% of learners]

Percentage of persons aged 7 to 24 years who attend educational institutions by province, 2002 and 2012 [%]

Source: General Household Survey, 2012, StatsSA

Source: General Household Survey, 2012, StatsSA

A CASE OF DATA BASED DEVELOPMENT GONE WRONG

1. "Textbooks availability a problem" - Macro aggregate @ provincial level

2. District level - availability may be above the aggregate average

3. International social entrepreneur decides to partially fund text books supply - looking at aggregate data

4. Distribution of text books to school goers in the District - tender and service provider

5. Reality at District level - severe lack of safety on roads to schools,

6. Schools and parents have enthusiastically collected the 'free' textbooks

7. Text books supplied but school children unable to reach school

1. Publicly funded Text books remain underutilized at school

2. Problem of unsafe roads not addressed

3. Govt authority prepares report on text book allocation in the District

4. R 1 Million spent on the project, supplying 400,000 textbooks across 350 schools + a media launch

5. 40% on text books, 30% on admin, 30% on service provider fees

6. Real impact of Govt's development funding - Diluted

7. Because in the P- P- P model - the 3rd P was missing

Fall out of ‘Unwise’ Public Spending

‘Area Based Forum’ - for all issues affecting the Area:

1. Flow of statistics

2. Budgeting

3. Project Planning

4. Implementation

5. Management

6. Monitoring and Review

7. Impact Analysis

How can we help you ?• Understanding Key Economic Indicators• Setup Economic Monitoring Systems• Advice on Interpretation and Implementation• Monitoring and Evaluation• Short Course (2 Days)

Learn to Ride the Wave!

Data

Thank YouDr Dikshita Padalkar

357 Che Guevara Road, Glenwood, Durban 4001

Tel: 031 201 7444www.researchresources.co.za