data for decision maker
TRANSCRIPT
Spatial Information Visualization
16 September 2010
IRNet
Brian DealUrban and Regional PlanningUniversity of Illinois
• Where are we now?▫ Understanding the current state of the region provides a baseline
to evaluate policy options and future impacts
• Where do we want to be?▫ Answering this question requires a vision and communal
consensus about the future of the region
• How do we get there?▫ Planners and stakeholders need to be able to envision future
alternatives and evaluate their potential consequences
Fundamental Questions for Planning
Requires planning tools!
Garden CitiesEbenezer Howard (early 20th century)
New Urbanism Duany, Plater-Zyberk, Calthorpe (1980s-present)
Urban Spatial Visions …
Towers in the SkyLe Corbusier (early 20th century modernism)
Broad AcreFrank Lloyd Wright (1930s)
Where are we now?
Do our plans consider…• Resident age?• Race?• Employment?• Income?• Family composition?• Resident health?
“Our Neighborhood” Census Tract 2City of ChampaignChampaign Township Champaign CountyState of Illinois
How does the per capita income of our neighborhood compare to the rest of the city, the region, state, and nation?
Racial composition?
Home ownership (Tenure)?
Education level? Gee whiz Brian, How do we find
this data?
Geography TRACTMedian HH income 1999
Median FAM inc 1999 % Drove to Work Alone % NON-WHITE %_HU_OwnOcc %HU_NO_VEHC
Census Tract 2, Champaign County, Illinois 2 21728 24,107 95.33799534 91.53506001 53.05410122 27.05061082
Census Tract 9.01, Champaign County, Illinois 9.01 26669 34,130 94.95450786 49.01840491 46.9808542 9.818360334
Census Tract 9.02, Champaign County, Illinois 9.02 50827 61,250 94.13622012 16.73215455 80.29520295 2.287822878
Census Tract 10, Champaign County, Illinois 10 38155 51,695 93.01788806 14.39227731 52.02918377 10.85271318
Census Tract 11, Champaign County, Illinois 11 60523 67,391 91.76313446 8.786724701 83.43446602 5.946601942
Census Tract 12.05, Champaign County, Illinois 12.05 68438 77,978 88.3070666 14.65240642 96.7340591 2.177293935
Census Tract 12.06, Champaign County, Illinois 12.06 95027 113,335 87.73800457 11.12745098 87.29216152 0
Census Tract 14, Champaign County, Illinois 14 31875 58,152 84.53006421 26.90217391 28.93175074 6.083086053
Census Tract 53, Champaign County, Illinois 53 22254 26,806 83.51498638 58.06835067 36.25 14.6875
Census Tract 56, Champaign County, Illinois 56 31272 37,449 77.11757269 28.73174207 48.56589147 10.65891473
Census Tract 57, Champaign County, Illinois 57 45485 65,285 64 22.45096675 55.98919243 13.41939358
Census Tract 58, Champaign County, Illinois 58 35714 84,540 60 14.87016169 47.51570531 9.594517419
Census Tract 59, Champaign County, Illinois 59 10224 29,286 42.03993524 33.80789022 4.6875 31.71875
Census Tract 60, Champaign County, Illinois 60 22533 22,188 29.22050855 54.46616541 4.860088365 22.82768778
Census Tract 106.02, Champaign County, Illinois 106.2 51896 58,667 25.32663317 2.955725946 80.24857239 3.829358415
Collect the data from the Census!
MidwestWest
South
Northeast
CENSUS REGION
The US Census Bureau divides the entire USA into four “Regions”…
CENSUS DIVISIONS (9)
PacificMountain
West North Central
West South Central
East North Central
East SouthCentral South
Atlantic
Middle Atlantic
New England
… and nine “Divisions”
COUNTIES (3,140)
….3,140 US Counties
Illinois (102 Counties)
The State of Illinois has 102 Counties.
Illinois (2966 Census Tracts)
Champaign County
….2966 Census Tracts
Census tracts•small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county•most metropolitan areas (MA's) •usually have between 2,500 and 8,000 persons •designed to be homogeneous with respect to population, economic status, and living conditions•census tracts do not cross county boundaries•spatial size of census tracts varies widely depending on density •physical changes may require occasional revisions
Champaign County (41 Census Tracts)
There tend to be more census tracts where
there are more people.
When they cluster in cities, they are about the size of what we’d
consider a neighborhood.
Urbanized areas
Champaign-Urbana
ooo2
Census Tracts in the Champaign Urbana Area
1 mile
ooo2
1 mile
Census Tracts and Block Groups in the Champaign Urbana Area
Census Tracts are further divided into
several “Block Groups” and then into very small “Blocks” (not
pictured)
For the purpose of this presentation, we are
advocates for a neighborhood in Census Tract 2 in
Champaign County
Census Fact Finder
Decennial Census
Choose your survey instrument. The Decennial census, implemented every ten years, contains information at census tract level.
• http://factfinder.census.gov
American Community Survey
Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) Sample Data. Also known as the census “long form”
Choose your data set. Make sure you’re choosing from the 2000 Census. Summary File 3 contains more detailed data on community characteristics.
“Detailed Tables”
“Next”
Select your geographies. We’re going to choose the entire nation, the State of Illinois, Champaign County, the City of Champaign, and Census Tract 2 (our “neighborhood”)
Select the individual variables you want to know about. Here we have selected “Total Population,”
“Race,” etc.
Show result!
When you request data for many census tracts, it’s often difficult to read all of them at once. It’s easiest to download
the census data as an MS Excel file.
Download the data as an excel file.
“Thematic Maps”
Generating Thematic Maps
with Census Data
MAP IT!
Choose your geography. Thematic maps will break down this geography into smaller levels. Here, we’ve chosen Champaign County, Illinois.
Now choose the “theme” or specific census datum that you want to see mapped. Here we’ve chosen “Per Capita Income in 1999.” All mapped themes are per capita or percent variables– they are not “raw” data.
Full County View.
Zoom in to see Census Tract 2, our neighborhood.
Pan, Identify, Get Data
Sub-geographies: Tracts, County Subdivision, Blog Groups, etc.
“Per capita income (1999) of Census Tract 2 is in the lowest income quintile of all census tracts in Champaign County with per capita income $11, 064.”
Per Capita Income by census tract
“While some census tracts in the Champaign-Urbana metro area display income variation, per capita income (1999) of ALL census block groups in Census Tract 2 are in the lowest income quintile of census tracts in Champaign County with per capita income $11, 064.”
University of Illinois
Per Capita Income by census block group
Percent of Persons 25 Years and Over with Bachelor's Degree or Higher: 2000
“Educational attainment in Census Tract 2 is relatively low compared to other tracts in Champaign-Urbana. Although one block group has relatively high rate of post-secondary education, most block groups are in the lowest quintile of post-secondary educational
How does the per capita income of our neighborhood compare to the rest of the city, the region, state, and nation? Per capita income in our neighborhood is lower than national, state, regional, and local income levels.
Racial composition? The racial composition of our neighborhood is overwhelmingly African American (85.54%), exceeding national, state, regional, and local levels.
Home ownership (Tenure)? Our neighborhood has nearly equal levels of home owners (53%) and renters (47%), but has relatively more renters than the nation, state, and region. The City of Champaign has a larger portion of renters, most like due to a large student population.
Education level? Our neighborhood has relatively low levels of post-secondary education, but only ten percentage points lower than the national average.
• Where are we now?▫ Understanding the current state of the region provides a baseline
to evaluate policy options and future impacts
• Where do we want to be?▫ Answering this question requires a vision and communal
consensus about the future of the region
• How do we get there?▫ Planners and stakeholders need to be able to envision future
alternatives and evaluate their potential consequences
Fundamental Questions for Planning
Requires planning tools!
•Census data reveals a snapshot of the way we are now▫Avoid data collection for collections sake▫Looking for correlations
•How do we target specific questions?▫modeling
•What about the future?
What if you were able to …•Visualize the likely land use consequences of
policy and investments
•Assess the impacts of those investments
•Determine sustainable outcomes
•Assist communities vision their future using real data
•Have a common platform for multiple models
What if you were able to …•Provide decision-makers with clear policy
choices based on a defensible knowledge base
•Show decision-makers the impacts of policy options on multiple resources (land/water/air/utilities/transportation/education)
•Tie regional planning in with economic forecasts
•Model alternative strategies in real time and not wait for traditional plans that take months - years
LEAMplan
Informed Decision-MakingBy better realization of the implications, this system has
assisted policymakers in:
• deciding whether to require 40-acre minimum zoning in a rural county
• generating transportation analysis zones
• prioritizing transportation improvement program projects
• designating and outlining areas for protection from development
• how to allocate Community Development Block Grant funds
How has it been used?
Mapping Development•Growth over space
Mapping Development•Growth over time
Growth by …
Watershed School District
Census Block Group
Transportation Projects-Comparison Map•Showing development shifts
Transportation Projects-Comparison Map•Same analysis – satellite view
Transit-Oriented Development•Growth Nodes
Champaign-Urbana Mobility-Enhanced Development-Zones•Growing up … not out
Champaign-Urbana Mobility-Enhanced Development-Redevelopment
University Policy ??
Groundwater Protection Mask
Groundwater Protection Change Map
Green Infrastructure Stress
Green Infrastructure Change•Policy context – where to focus attention
Measuring Impacts•SCALDS Modeling
Water Demand
Getting More Out of the Process• A single platform for visioning, modeling, plan
creation / coordination, and decision-making• Wider/broader leveraging of expertise• Results and analysis are
available and accessible• Decision-makers able to readily analyze alternatives & consequences
An opportunity
Making Plans More Usable – • Bring together plans from diverse agencies and
jurisdictions to a single location
• Standardize formats, streamline temporal and spatial parameters
• Build a digital and easily accessible repository
• Create intelligent retrieval systems
An opportunity
LEAM Components•Base land use change model•Economic Forecast• Impact modeling •GeoPortal – Customized Access & Display of
Information•Desktop – Utilizing the model thru cloud
computing
LEAM Planning Portal• Based on open source content
management system (CMS) known as Plone
• Rich content – documents, maps, graphs
• Live, full-text search• Flexible navigation capability• Integrated comment system• Security, workflow, and revision
history• User Administration• Intranet-Internet
www.leam.illinois.edu/cu
LEAM Desktop• User runs LEAM and
custom models through web services
• Model inputs are automatically organized, documented, and reviewable
• Long running models executed “in the cloud”
• Rich set of results available in GeoPortal to allow model review
LEAM Plan Features …An online content management system that:
• Brings key players into communication
• Packages maps, text, and analysis for ease of use
• Provides User developed scenario modeling
• Facilitates identification of long-term implications of nearby decisions and policy
• Allows for review and open discussion of new analysis done from within the system
• Presents information in a digitally standardized, interactive format
• Employs intelligent indexing and live search
Key benefits
Conclusions• Census data is useful for planning
▫ Where are now• New tools for assessing the future
▫ Planning Support Tools (LEAM)• These tools provide:
▫ Coordinated communication between agencies▫ Potential multiple agency labor and technology cost savings▫ Central repository for supporting documentation▫ Improved plan efficiency and performance▫ Reduce/control risk of conflicting action plans▫ Immediate feedback generation▫ Complete electronic history/automatic archiving▫ Benchmarking and shared best practices across agencies▫ Increased visibility to the public and stakeholders
Key benefits