data center pue reconsidered
TRANSCRIPT
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PUE ReconsideredUtility + Limitations of PUE / DCiE as a Datacenter Efficiency Metric
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PUE Reconsidered
► Historical Basis for PUE – what is the problem?► Strengths of PUE Metric – what does it measure?► Weaknesses of PUE Metric – what does it omit?► Bottom Line: How to be Strategic About Datacenter Efficiency
Utility + Limitations of PUE / DCiE as a Datacenter Efficiency Metric
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Open Secret: Datacenter electrical costs are skyrocketing…
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$ B
I L
L I
O N
S
M I
L L
I O
N S
O F
S E
R V
E R
S
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…fueled by an explosion in power / heat densities
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Industry groups + vendors propose a wide range of solutions
IT equipment Cooling & moving air
► virtualization
► power save mode
► consolidation
► upgrade technology
► decommission servers
► move apps/jobs to virtualized servers and shut down servers
► batch processing during off-peak
► avoid overcooling
► minimize humidification
► reduce air mixing via hot/cold air separation
► blanking plates to minimize recirculation
► raised floor grommets to reduce bypass airflow
► optimize floor layout (CFD)
► closely couple supply and returns to the load
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Source: EYP Mission Critical Facilities Inc., New York
But first, we need to understand the problem…
Typical Real-World Energy Allocation
in Today’s Datacenter
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…so The Green Grid proposed PUE as a benchmark in Feb’07
“Green Grid Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics: PUE and DCiE”; by Christian Belady, et. al.; www.thegreengrid.org
PUE =Power UsageEffectiveness
=Total Facility Power
IT Equipment Power
DCiE is the exact same thing, but expressed as an inverse:
DCiE =Datacenter
InfrastructureEfficiency Total Facility Power
IT Equipment Power=
1
PUE=
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PUE is extremely valuable as a broad efficiency ratio…
PUE =Power UsageEffectiveness
=Total Facility Power
IT Equipment Power
PUE =1 MW
0.5 MW= 2.0
“My total facility consumes 2x the power of the IT equipment load.”
DCiE =PUE
1= 0.5
“Roughly 50% of the power in myfacility is used to power IT equipment.”
EXAMPLE: Typical 1MW Facility
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… and has become a de facto standard metric
• Dueling Press Releases (e.g. Google and Microsoft)• EPA Datacenter “Energy Star” Program• Department of Energy (DOE) “DCPro” Tool and Survey
Sun Microsystems
Microsoft Google
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It’s critical to understand what PUE is, and what it is not!
A relative measure of your plant versus your IT equipment
PUE =1 MW
0.5 MW= 2.0
• Resilience: Tier I / II / III / IV architecture?
• Trending: How does my efficiency change as IT load changes?
• Diversity: Heterogeneous versus homogenous IT load?
• Utility: Are the servers themselves being used well?
Does not (in and of itself) address:
In short, it does not benchmark the efficiency of the IT component.
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Example: Henry’s Super Awesome DatacenterTM (SAD)
• 1000 servers
• Equipment from every AFCOM sponsor ever
• Located in Reykjavik, Iceland (max temp = 55)
• Placed outdoors under a tented roof
• 24/7/365 operation
PERFECT PUE OF 1.0 !!Every kilowatt is used to power servers. No energy “wasted”.
• Servers completely underutilized
• No critical resilience whatsoever
• No business value or practicality
• Real-world evaluation = complete waste of energy
• All servers dedicated full-time to HenryAndHisCat.com(Video site featuring footage of me playing with my cat.)
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None of the proposed IT initiatives (on left, below) improve PUE
IT equipment Cooling & moving air
►virtualization►power save mode►consolidation►upgrade technology►decommission servers
extra savings on cooling
►move apps/jobs to virtualized servers and shut down servers
►batch processing during off-peak
►avoid overcooling►minimize humidification►reduce air mixing via hot/cold air
separation►blanking plates to minimize
recirculation►raised floor grommets to reduce
bypass airflow►optimize floor layout (CFD)►closely couple supply and returns
to the load
PUE =Power UsageEffectiveness
=Total Facility Power
IT Equipment Power
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Green Grid recognizes that PUE is not a panacea
Proposed: In the long-term, create a business-oriented metric
Proposed: Three “levels” of PUE sophistication
DCP =DatacenterProductivity
=“Useful Work”
Total Facility Power
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To solve the real problem, we need to measure it…
Uptime Institute, “4 Metrics That Define Data Center Greenness”
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… including environmental information
Source: ASHRAE, “Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments”
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Real-world user examples where better info = energy savings
► World’s Largest Networking Company Goal: reduce 25% carbon emissions by 2012
Problem: test labs account for more than 80% of corporate energy consumption
Solution: automate shutdown of test equipment when not in use; provide detailed, comprehensive energy savings data for all labs in enterprise.
► Largest European Bank Goal: quantify exact power costs for each business application in datacenters
Problem: no reliable, real-time energy data exists for individual servers
Solution: rack PDU’s that provide detailed power + environmental monitoring data for each receptacle in the cabinet.
► World’s Largest Software Company Goal: Provide state-of-the-art data center for customers to perform live integration
testing of application suites.
Problem: Need to reboot servers remotely; and understand real-time power consumption of each customer’s test configurations
Solution: high-security intelligent rack PDUs with remote switching and energy metering.
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Gather data beyond PUE to enable tangible efficiency actions
Important Solution Attributes:• Open standards / vendor agnostic
• Trended information over time
• Energy data (kwh), not just current (amps)
• Energy data per IT device (not just for rack)
• Product configs to fit all rack densities
• Make sure facilities is happy (UL489)
• Use what you have!
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Gather data beyond PUE to enable tangible efficiency actions
Important Solution Attributes:• Open standards / vendor agnostic
• Trended information over time
• Energy data (kwh), not just current (amps)
• Energy data per IT device (not just for rack)
• Product configs to fit all rack densities
• Make sure facilities is happy (UL489)
• Use what you have!
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Summary
► PUE is valuable (and widespread) as a high-level metric
► You must understand the pros / cons of PUE to properly evaluate industry, vendor, and press claims
► PUE is not sufficient to improve efficiency tactically
► Datacenters can only be optimized when the energy chain is fully understood / instrumented:
the appropriate measurements;
at a sufficient level of detail;
trended over time;
easily interpreted;
at incremental CapEx cost;
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Click Here to Learn About Raritan Power Solutions
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Thank You!
Henry Hsu • Raritan, Inc.
Solutions Consulting, Datacenter Efficiency
[email protected] • (732) 764-8886 x1273