Data Buoys:a Cornerstone System of the

Global Earth Observation System of Systems

Mike JohnsonDirector, NOAA Office of Climate Observation

JCOMM Observations Programme Area Coordinator

16 October 2006

NOAA’s Mission GoalsNOAA’s Mission Goals

Ecosystems

Climate

Weather & Water

Commerce & Transportation

1) Ocean observations are critical to 1) Ocean observations are critical to NOAA’s missionNOAA’s mission

2) International cooperation is crucial to our success. 2) International cooperation is crucial to our success. NOAA is committed to strengthening partnerships.NOAA is committed to strengthening partnerships.

Indonesia partnership with USA:Capacity Building Workshop (sponsored by WMO):“The Use of Ocean Observations to Enhance Sustainable Development” in exchange for ship support to deploy moored buoys in the Indian Ocean

3) Ocean observations add value to society3) Ocean observations add value to society

GOOS

GEOSS Societal Benefits

Capabilities RequiredCapabilities Requiredto build the Ocean to build the Ocean

component of GEOSS:component of GEOSS:

• Global coverage by moored and Global coverage by moored and drifting buoy arraysdrifting buoy arrays, profiling floats, , profiling floats, tide gauge stations, and ship-based tide gauge stations, and ship-based systems.systems.

• Continuous satellite missions for Continuous satellite missions for sea surface temperature, sea sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface vector wind, surface height, surface vector wind, ocean color, and sea ice.ocean color, and sea ice.

• Data and assimilation subsystemsData and assimilation subsystems• System management and product System management and product

deliverydelivery

Observations Programme Area

Objective

Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92:

• International GOOS• GEOSS Ocean Baseline• UNFCCC Priority• G8 Commitment

The Road Map

• Tide gauge stations

• Drifting Buoys

• Tropical Moored Buoys

• Profiling Floats

• Ships of Opportunity

• Ocean Reference Stations

• Ocean Carbon Networks

• Arctic Observing System

• Dedicated Ship Support

• Data & Assimilation Subsystems

• Management and Product Delivery

• Satellites -- SST, Surface Topography, Wind, Color, Sea Ice

GCOS-92Implementation Targets are designed for climate but also serve global weather prediction, global and coastal ocean prediction, marine transportation, marine hazards warning, marine environmental monitoring, and many other non-climate users.

All six global (in situ) implementation programs are

now linked internationally through WMO/IOC JCOMM

coordination

The organizing framework is in place

The DBCP: a leader and model for The DBCP: a leader and model for GOOS implementationGOOS implementation

• The DBCP model:The DBCP model:– Shared benefits -- individual national Shared benefits -- individual national

contributions result in a global data set for use contributions result in a global data set for use by allby all

– Shared responsibility -- a self supporting panelShared responsibility -- a self supporting panel– Regional Action GroupsRegional Action Groups– Technical Coordinator and platform support Technical Coordinator and platform support

centercenter– Promoting science, technology development, Promoting science, technology development,

and user feedbackand user feedback– Looking to the futureLooking to the future

“The coordination of a GEOSS, will rely on the same kind of shared vision and commitment that we are celebrating today.”

Marc Denis Everell, Assistant Deputy Minister, Meteorological Service of Canada

Ceremony celebrating the DBCP’s completion of the global drifter array during JCOMM-II, September 2005.

The Success of JCOMMOPS:The Success of JCOMMOPS:Looking to the FutureLooking to the Future

• Roundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, Roundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, DBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGODBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGO– The need to evolve toward a Global Observing Program Support The need to evolve toward a Global Observing Program Support

Center was agreed.Center was agreed.– Estimate seven personnel needed versus the present two Estimate seven personnel needed versus the present two

working at JCOMMOPS.working at JCOMMOPS.– Shared benefit, shared responsibility: the Systems benefiting Shared benefit, shared responsibility: the Systems benefiting

should pay in proportion to their demand for JCOMMOPS should pay in proportion to their demand for JCOMMOPS services.services.

– Possible relocation of JCOMMOPS to an operational center that Possible relocation of JCOMMOPS to an operational center that might furnish in-kind contributions and additional support.might furnish in-kind contributions and additional support.

– Some centers have already expressed interest informally.Some centers have already expressed interest informally. Management Committee (07 October, Geneva): OCG will Management Committee (07 October, Geneva): OCG will

develop requirements/specifications for future JCOMMOPS develop requirements/specifications for future JCOMMOPS evolution and call for proposals.evolution and call for proposals.

System AdvancementSystem AdvancementHighlightsHighlights

57%

Total in situ networks October 200656%

100%

42%

81%

43%66%48%21%

81%

Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets

• A total of 5635 platforms aremaintained globally.

• Of these, 1660 are data buoys.

Surface Drifting Buoys1250 sustained array (achieved)

Users Workshop (March 2006)• Implement hourly reporting• Need barometers on all drifters

(presently 385)

Surface Drifting Buoys:Good news from Europe

Number of drifting buoys operated by EGOS then E-SURFMARin the North Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

01/01/1996 01/01/1998 01/01/2000 01/01/2002 01/01/2004 01/01/2006 01/01/2008 01/01/2010 01/01/2012

Nu

mb

er

of

op

era

tin

g b

uo

ys

Since 1996 (upgrades included)

Expected according to the planned budget

[The DBCP now supplies 30 Hurricane Drifters per year]

Drifting Buoys Deployed in Hurricane Rita 20 buoys measure air pressure, SST, wind speed & direction

8 buoys measure upper ocean temperature

Pressure vs. Distance from Center of Rita

Wind Direction Data on Plot of Drifter Location Relative to Rita Center

Forecast Track

NOAA Hurricane Drifters ready for air deployment by the Hurricane Hunter Squadron at Keesler AFB

Courtesy of Scuba (2006)

Tropical Moored BuoysPIRATA extensions and Indian Ocean Array

USA• Transition from NSF to NOAA: Indonesian Through Flow• Transition from Germany to NOAA: MOVE array• New NOAA: California Current real time monitoring

USA• Ocean Observatories Initiative• Nine new sites: 2007-2012

UK

• RAPID continuation

Australia

• New Observatory

38% complete

Measuring Ocean Carbon Sources and Sinks

1. Inventory 10-year survey2. Ships of opportunity3. Moored buoy time series

New carbon systems onNDBC Coastal Weather Buoys

2527 active floats -- will reach 3000 by early 2007

Well sampledOver sampledPartially sampledUnder sampledNot sampled HDXNot sampled FRX

Note : AX08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode

AX07

AX03

AX20

AX22

IX01IX12 IX

22

IX28

PX

05

PX08

PX

09

PX10

PX13

PX17

PX18

PX30

PX31

PX34

PX37

PX38

PX40

PX50

AX08

AX18

AX25

AX29

AX34

IX06IX08

IX15

PX02

PX04PX

11

IX21

PX21

PX36

PX81

AX15

AX

10

AX

11

IX07

IX09S

PX44

PX

06

IX10

SOOP: 39 of 51 lines now occupied

JCOMM-II Recommendation 3:• Establish a JCOMM Trust Fund for consumables.• WMO has agreed to manage the Trust Fund.• Trust fund expenditures to be authorized by the Chair of SOT.

By the end of 2007 most of the 170 Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations Will Provide

Marine Hazards Warning in Real Time

GCOS Climate Reference NetworkGCOS Climate Reference Networkof Tide Gauge Stationsof Tide Gauge Stations

New Challenge for GOOS and the DBCP:Implementing the Tsunami Warning Buoy (Tsunameter) system

19 DART stations operationalUSA contribution

ModelingMapping

Observing

Sites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordinationSites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinely

Integrating tsunami buoys into GOOS

Chilean Tsunami Buoy being deployedduring a U.S. Climate mission

Met sensors will beinstalled by USA on theChilean tsunami buoyin October 2006

Observing System Monitoring CenterObserving System Monitoring Center(OSMC)(OSMC)

A new tool for monitoring the A new tool for monitoring the observing system in near real timeobserving system in near real time

Hosted by NOAA on behalf of JCOMMHosted by NOAA on behalf of JCOMM

Beta version of the OSMC is available for JCOMM test and evaluation.

Sort by:•Platform type•Variables being sampled•Time frame•Contributing Country

Drill down for platform metadata and real-time data reports.

Database operations at NOAA NDBC. Hold data for 5 years. Updated daily.

Data source -- GTS via the GODAE server system at Navy Monterey. Other web sources are being added.

Viewer Options:

LAS -- GIS specially designed for observing system managers (by NOAA PMEL)

ESRI -- commercial GIS tool

Google Earth -- open source GIS with great graphics, fun for kids (and adults)

2094 Platforms reporting 40435 observations

yesterday

1252 Drifting Buoys

reporting yesterday

385 Drifting Buoys

reporting barometric pressure

18 Drifting Buoys

reporting wind

396 Moored Buoys

reporting yesterday

819 Ships

reporting two days ago

Location security: Ship observations are not available for the most recent 48 hours.

2334 Argo Floats

reporting during the past month

Japan had 352 Platforms

reporting during the past

month

Canada had 155 Platforms

reporting during the past

month

Australia had 123 Platforms

reporting during the past

month

Initial design for sorting by PlatformTide Gauge Stations

o GLOSSo Climate Reference Stationso Real Time Reportingo Geocentrically Located o NWLON

Drifting Buoyso High Seas Drifterso Barometer Drifterso Wind Drifterso Hurricane Drifterso Ice Buoys

Moored Buoyso Weather Buoyso Tsunami Warning Stationso Tropical Moored Buoyso Climate Reference Stationso Ocean Carbon Stationso Ecosystem Monitoring Buoys

Profiling Floats and Gliderso Argo Profilerso Gliders

Shipso Volunteer Observing Ships

VOSClimWeather ObsWeather and Ocean ObsOcean Carbon Obs

o Dedicated ShipsEcosystem MonitoringCharting SurveysClimate Monitoring (SAMOS)Ocean Carbon SurveysPlatform supportResearch

Ocean Transport Stationso Moored arrayso Cable Measurements

Shore and Bottom Stationso C-MAN Weather Stationso PORTS Systemso Seismic Monitoring Stations

Satellites

Test Version 2.00 beta:www.jcommops.org/network_status

Feedback: opa@jcommops.org

Test Version 2.00 beta:www.jcommops.org/network_status

Feedback: opa@jcommops.org

Data Buoys:Data Buoys:A Cornerstone System of the A Cornerstone System of the

Global Earth Observation System of SystemsGlobal Earth Observation System of Systems

Thank You, DBCPThank You, DBCP

photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

Data Buoys:Data Buoys:a Cornerstone System of thea Cornerstone System of the

Global Earth Observation System of SystemsGlobal Earth Observation System of Systems

Data Buoy Cooperation PanelData Buoy Cooperation PanelLa Jolla, 16 October 2006La Jolla, 16 October 2006

Mike JohnsonMike JohnsonJCOMM Observations Programme Area CoordinatorJCOMM Observations Programme Area Coordinator

photo courtesy of MeteoFrance